docomomo International is a non-profit organization dedicated to the documentation and conservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods of the Modern Movement. It aims at: • Bringing the significance of the HOUSING architecture of the Modern Movement to the attention of the public, the public authorities, the professionals and the educational community. • Identifying and promoting the surveying of the Modern Movement’s RELOADED works. • Fostering and disseminating the development of appropriate techniques and methods of conservation. • Opposing destruction and disfigurement of significant works. • Gathering funds for documentation and conservation. • Exploring and developing knowledge of the Modern Movement. International committee for documentation and conservation docomomo International wishes to extend its field of actions to new territories, establish new of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the partnerships with institutions, organizations and NGOs active in the area of modern architecture, develop modern movement and publish the international register, and enlarge the scope of its activities in the realm of research, documentation and education. Journal 54 – 2016/01 HOUSING RELOADEDHOUSING Journal 54 Journal
With the support of Editors 3/F Knowles Building Phone: 37 1 2911 7796 ul. Bernardynska 5, 50–156 Wroclaw Rosa Ana Turielle, treasurer Ana Tostões Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam [email protected] Phone: 48 7 1343 3675 Accademia di Architettura Zara Ferreira Phone: 852 2859 7962 [email protected] Largo Bernasconi 2 Guest editors [email protected] docomomo Lebanon CH-6850 Mendrisio Franz Graf http://docomomo.hk George Arbid, chair docomomo Portugal Phone: +41 58 666 5885 Giulia Marino Arab Centrer for Architecture See docomomo Iberia. [email protected] Editorial Board docomomo Hungary George Mrad Building, 4th floor www.docomomo.ch Hubert-Jan Henket Pàl Ritook, chair Salim Rustom Baz Street docomomo Puerto Rico Louise Noelle Gras Hungarian Museum of Architecture Ashrafieh Sassine Ivonne Maria Marcial, chair docomomo Taiwan Scott Robertson Mokus utca 20, 1136 Budapest Po Box 16-6802, Beirut Escuela de Arquitectura Rémi Wang, secretary Advisory Board Phone: 36 1454 0099 Phone: 961 3 359935 Univ. Politécnica de Puerto Rico Department of Architecture, Anthony Vidler [email protected] [email protected] PO Box 192017, San Juan 00919–2017 National Taipei University of Technology Barry Bergdoll [email protected] 1, Chunghsiao E. Road section 3, Hilde Heynen docomomo Iberia docomomo Lithuania Da-an Distrcit, Taipei Jean-Louis Cohen Celestino García Braña, chair Morta Bauziene, coordinator docomomo Québec Phone: +886-953-262-356 Sarah Whiting João Santa-Rita, vice-chair Lithuanian Museum of Architecture France Vanlaethem, president [email protected] Tom Avermaete Susana Landrove Bossut, director Mykolas Street 9 2001 Vilnius Marie-Dina Salvione, secretary Wilfried Wang Col·legi dArquitectes de Catalunya Soraya Bassil, treasurer docomomo Thailand Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani Plaça Nova 5, 08002 Barcelona docomomo Macau École de Design Suphawadee Ratanamart, chair English editor Phone: 34 9 3306 7859 Rui Leão, chair Université du Québec à Montréal Kanlayaporn Chongphaisal, secretary Scott Robertson [email protected] Pátio da Adivinhação no.1B, C.P. 8888 succ. Centre–Ville The Association of Siamese Architects Coordination and production http://www.docomomoiberico.com Edif. Weng Keong r/c A. Macau Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3P8 Under Royal Patronage 248/1 Zara Ferreira Phone: +853 28825199 Phone: 1 514 987 3000 Soi Soonvijai 4 (soi 17), Rama IX Road, Collaborators docomomo Iran [email protected] [email protected] Bangkapi, Huay Kwang, Bangkok 10310 Catarina Andrade Pirouz Hanachi, chair www.docomomomacau.org www.docomomoquebec.ca Phone: (662) 319-6555 Catarina Teles Hadi Naderi, coordinator [email protected] Joana Nunes College of Fine Arts docomomo Malta docomomo Russia Maria Eduarda Neumann University of Tehran Jevon Vella, chair Vladimir Shukhov, chair docomomo The Netherlands Piotr Tomaszewski Phone: 98 21 61112534 Bernadine Scicluna, secretary Nikolai Vasilev, secretary Janneke Bierman, chair Sara Saraiva [email protected] c/o 46, St. Pius V st. Sliema SLM 1421 Elena Ovsyanikova, chief Sara Stroux, secretary Design www.docomomo.ir [email protected] Str. Rozhdestvenka 11 Wido Quist, treausurer Ana Maria Braga 107031, Moscow Faculteit Bouwkunde Printing docomomo Ireland docomomo Mexico Phone: 7 903 797 79 16 Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft Maiadouro, Portugal Simon Walker, chair Louise Noelle Gras, president [email protected] P.O. Box 5043, 2600 GA Delft Paul Tierney, secretary Sara Topelson de Grinberg, vice-president www.docomomo.ru Phone: +31 15 2788496 All rights reserved. © of the edition, docomomo International, Shane O’Toole, treasurer Ivan San Martín, secretary [email protected] © of the images, their authors and © of the texts, their authors. 8 Merrion Square, Dublin 2 Lourdes Cruz, treasurer docomomo Scotland www.docomomo.nl [email protected] Sierra Mazapil #135 Carsten Hermann, coordinator docomomo Journal Published twice a year by the www.docomomo.ie Lomas de Chapultepec Clive Fenton, secretary docomomo Turkey docomomo International secretariat. México, D.F.C.P. 11000 Nick Haynes, treasurer Yildiz Salman, co-chair docomomo International Instituto Superior Técnico, docomomo Israel Phone: 52 55 5596 5597 19/2 Downfield Place (c/o Clive Fenton) Ebru Omay Polat, co-chair Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa Yael Alweil and Inbal Gitler, chair [email protected] Edinburgh EH11 2EJ UK Nilüfer Baturayoglu Yöney, Phone: 00351 21 8418101 / 02 / 03 • [email protected] · Yael Alweil and Inbal Gitler, secretary [email protected] secretary and treasurer www.docomomo.com POB 523 Omer, Israel 8496500 docomomo Morocco www.docomomoscotland.org.uk T. Elvan Altan, Ankara rep. docomomo 52 - 2015/1 docomomo International is a registered trademark, Phone: +972-8-6909387 Ahmed El Hariri, chair Periodical: MoMo World Scotland Faculty of Architecture ISSN: 1380/3204 · D.L.: 380259/14 [email protected] Mourad Benmbarek, vice-chair Istanbul Technical University Mohamed Chaoui, secretary docomomo Serbia Taskisla, Taksim, 34037 Istanbul On the cover: Georges Addor, Jacques Bolliger and Louis Payot, Meyrin Parc, docomomo Italy Ecole Nationale d’architecture Dobrivoje Erić, president Phone: 90 212 293 13 00 the first satellite precinct in Switzerland, 1960–1964. © ETH-GTA Archives, Ugo Carughi, chair BP 6372 Rabat Instituts, Rabat Jelena Ivanovi-Vojvodi, coordinator [email protected] Zurich, ph. W. Binder. Alessandra Marin, secretary Phone: +212 (0) 62 13 26 455 Jelena Grbić, secretary c/o Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, [email protected] Association of Belgrade Architects docomomo UK Università Tor Vergata, Kneza Miloša 7/III, Beograd Judi Loach, chair via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma docomomo New Zealand Phone: +381 11 3230059 Philip Boyle, coordinator Phone: 39 06 7259 7026 Julia Gatley, chair [email protected] Robert Loader, secretary Contribute to the next journal [email protected] Jessica Halliday, secretary and treasurer www.docomomo-serbia.org Anna Basham, treasurer Journal 55 is scheduled for September 2016. Authors who would like to www.docomomoitalia.it School of Architecture and Planning The 77 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ Appendix contribute to this issue are kindly invited to contact University of Auckland docomomo Slovakia Phone: 44 20 7253 6624 [email protected]. docomomo Japan Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 Henrieta Moravcikova, chair [email protected] Guideline to contributors Hiroshi Matsukuma, chair Phone: 64 9373 7599#84656 Institute of Construction and Architecture www.docomomo-uk.co.uk • A copy on CD or an e–mail version of the text. The CD should be clearly la- Yoshiyuki Yamana, vice-chair www.docomomo.org.nz Slovak Academy of Sciences beled with the author(s) name(s), the title, and the names of the files contain- Kenji Watanabe, coordinator Dubravska 9, 845 03 Bratislava docomomo Ukraine ing the text and illustrations. The name and version of the word-processing Kamei Yasuko, secretary docomomo Norway Phone: 421 2 5930 9230 Alexander Bouryak, chair software used to prepare the text should also be given. Architecture and Architectural Engineering Siri Skjold Lexau, chair [email protected] Kharkov National University of Civil • A hard copy on paper by postal mail. The title and author’s name should be CIT, Nihon University c/o Arkitektskap Engineering and Architecture clearly mentioned on each page of the manuscript and the name, title, postal 1-2-1 Izumicho Narashino Torggata 33 0183 Oslo docomomo Slovenia address and e–mail address should also be given at the end of each contribution. Chiba 275-8575 [email protected] Nataša Koselj, coordinator docomomo US Form Phone: 81 47 474 2507 www.docomomo.no Faculty of Architecture Theodore Prudon, president • All texts must be in English; if translated, the text in the original language [email protected] University of Ljubljana Robert Meckfessel, vice-president must be enclosed as well. http://www.docomomojapan.com docomomo Panama Zoisova 12, 1000 Ljubljana Hélène Lipstadt, secretary • Manuscripts should be written with double spacing and liberal margins with Eduardo Tejeira Davis, coordinator Phone: 386 40 898 035 Barry Solar, treasurer all pages numbered in sequence. docomomo Korea Calle Alberto Navarro [email protected] Liz Waytkus, executive director • A short resume of the author(s), in connection with the contribution, must Taewoo Kim, chair Edificio Asturias, 9B, El Cangrejo www.docomomo.si PO Box 230977, New York, NY 10023 be included. Yi Seung–Gu, secretary Ciudad de Panamá info@docomomo–us.org • Illustrations referred to in the text should be mentioned and abbreviated as 4th floor, 146-1, Euljiro 3-ga Phone: 507 263 74 51 docomomo South Africa www.docomomo–us.org follows: (figure 1). Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea [email protected] Ilze Wolff, coordinator • Articles must include a short bibliography of about 5 to 10 reference books Phone: 82 2 2631 7702 Laura Robinson, coordinator docomomo Venezuela or articles. Fax: 82 2 585 4334 docomomo Peru [email protected] Graziano Gasparini, president • Footnotes should be numbered and should follow the following style: [email protected] Pedro A. Belaúnde, director [email protected] Hannia Gomez, vice-president Books: Nikolaus Pevsner, Pioneers of Modern Design: From www.docomomo–korea.org Av. Jose Pardo N° 557, Departamento Frank Alcock, treasurer William Morris to Walter Gropius, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1960. 1002, L18 Lima docomomo Spain Edificio Cabrini, N 1, Las Mercedes, Articles: Julius Posener, “Aspects of the Pre-History of the Bauhaus”, From docomomo Latvia [email protected] See docomomo Iberia. Avenida Orinoco, Caracas 1060 Schinkel to the Bauhaus, London, A.A., 1972, 43-48. Sandra Treija, chair http://www.docomomoperu.com Phone: 58 212 993 8360 Illustrations Velta Holcmane, secretary docomomo Switzerland [email protected] We accept 3 to 6 illustrations for short contributions (about 600 words) and Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning docomomo Poland Franz Graf, president www.docomomovenezuela.blogspot.com up to 10 illustrations for full-length articles (about 1500 words). It is essential Riga Technical University Jadwiga Urbanik, coordinator Giulia Marino, vice-president that authors provide good quality illustrations either printed on paper or as Azenes iela 16, Riga LV–1048 Muzeum Architektury Mélanie Delaune Perrin, secretary digital data on disk or CD (size of images: 300 dpi for an A5 format). For figure captions, the order of information is: designer, name of building or object, location, date, description, source. If a building has been destroyed, include that information. 97 02 22 04 16 28 10 36 — BY FRANZ GRAF AND GIULIA MARINO GIULIA AND GRAF — BY FRANZ 1945–2015 Europe, in Housing Housing Reloaded Collective. — BY ANA TOSTÕES AND ZARA FERREIRA ZARA AND TOSTÕES — BY ANA The Large Scale European Heritage — BY RICHARD KLEIN Architects Woods Shadrach Josic, Alexis 1956–1963, Georges Candilis, Cité l'Etoile de The DUARTE VENDRELL — BY PATRÍCIA Icon Modern Post-War a Geneva Miremont-le-Crêt The MARINO — BY GIULIA of Heritage “Large-Scale” on the Conservation an Observatory Georges Addor's Housing Complexes: — BY GIULIA MARINO — BY GIULIA La Grand'Mare Estate Housing GEAI The Beauclair. and Depondt by Lods, Glass” and “Steel the of History Controversial The — BY CARLO NOZZA — BY CARLO for and Reuse Conservation Architectural Study and Guidelines Isovibro Gruppo Perugia: with Architects and & P. Engineers Rice Piano by R. Solomeo at Housing Prototype “ EH INTRODUCTION ESSAYS EDITORIAL , Evolutionary Building” , Building” Evolutionary in Rouen (1968–2016) Rouen in , Bobigny, : Preserving : Preserving 96 72 66 60 52 44 90 86 82 78 — BY AUDREY AULUS — BY AUDREY on and Museography Conservation House Workshop: Thoughts Pan's Marta and Wogenscky André — BY JEAN-CHRISTOPHE DUNANT — BY JEAN-CHRISTOPHE Switzerland Epesses, in L’Ermitage de Cercle the of Restoration in France: A Retro-Prospective Approach ARetro-Prospective France: in Postwar Residential Housing Landscapes COHEN — BY MAURIZIO Saving a Fragile Giant Huis Zijn Ieder Meeren's Van Der Willy — BY BERNADETTE BLANCHON — BY BERNADETTE — BY CATARINA TELES — BY CATARINA Example aProminent as Livres Águas das Bloco in Practises and Conservation Rehabilitation MovementModern Housing. PortuguesePreserving VITTORINI — BY ROSALIA Mario Rome Fiorentino Architect, (1973–84). Building aSingle with a City Reloaded Corviale — BY YVAN DELEMONTEY — BY YVAN Site Construction aPermanent of Chronicle the Or Corbusier: Le after d'Habitation The Marseille Unité APPENDIX BOOK REVIEWS NEWS DOCUMENTATION ISSUES
, :
Contents docomomo 54 – 2016/1 The Meyrin Satellite Precinct in Geneva. On the right, the Georges Addor's ensembles Meyrin Parc and Le Ciel Bleu (1960–64), the mall and schools; on the left, the housing complexes by architects André and Francis Gaillard (1961–69, 1961–71) and Virginio and Jacques Malnati (1970–73). © Centre d'Iconographie Genevoise-BGE, Geneva. space creation andgendertransformations, theobsolescence ous experimentsintheuseofnewmaterialsandtechniques, temporary standards ofcomfort? Characterized by adventur- EPFLausanne, deserves tobe mentionedasanexceptional important question. ence, itispossible topresent thisJournal, addressing such an experts who contributed withtheir knowledge andexperi- their painstakingandrigorous work, andtotheskillsof ry ofTechniques andPreservation ofModernArchitecture, at The theme of this 54 The themeofthis and EasternEurope tobepointedout inanextDJissue. issue deserves anin-depthapproach, considering Northern also inFrance, Italy, BelgiumandPortugal. We believe thatthis concerning experiences developed mainlyinSwitzerland, but consider thelargevarietyofstrategies presented inthisissue America, theaimistoaddress thistypeofquestion,and onAsiaand After the3R’s discussion(Tostões, DJ52,2015) frequently beenintensively usedandmodified. rent regulatory standards. Inaddition,thesebuildingshave the introduction ofnewuses);allwhile complying withcur (involving space dimensions,organisation,orientation,and infrastructures, systems, elevators),andthefunctional one and theneedfor mechanical andsafety improvements, as technical one(regarding comfort, such asthermaloracoustic, of thesebigcomplexes isdeterminedontwo different levels: the how tokeep theselargestructures alive, while meetingcon debate todayhasmainlybecome centred onthequestionof: type ofpersonnow usingtheMarseilleUnitéd’Habitation ), the the growing phenomenonofheritagization and commonly seenasafocus for socialmarginalization),or the Smithsons' Robin HoodGardens andToulouse's LeMirail, the current city. Whetherdiscussingdemolition(asfaced by to beappreciated by usersandauthorities,asintegral partof these Symbols ofarchitectural, technological andsocialaspirations, Europe, seenasamajorissueinthecontemporary agenda. been encountered inefforts topreserve collective housingin The debate focuses onthe challenges andstrategies thathave Reloaded facing Post-War HousingComplexes inEurope cepting thechallenge tobeguest editorsofthis In particular, theresearch conducted atTSAM—Laborato- We wishtothankFranz Graf andGiuliaMarino,for ac- grands ensembles ofMassHousinghave nowadays begun th docomomoJournal is The European Large Scale Heritage Scale Large European The Secretary General ofdocomomo (as implicit in the (as implicitinthe Housing Housing C hair of DJ . Dueto ZARA FERREIRA ANA TOSTÕES docomomo EDITORIAL - -
3 and extension.Thisisexemplified inthe rehabilitationplan tion, restoration, rehabilitation, restructuring, redeployment tion ofmodernarchitecture, including maintenance, conserva environmental sustainability. achievement, inanoverall context ofeconomic, socialand porary agenda,would represent atremendous potential structures, while addressing thedemandsofcontem- of peoplestilllive today. Theproper rehabilitation ofthese as avehicle for anegalitariansocietyandwhere thousands modern products representing efforts todevelop architecture war collective housingremains oneofthemostsignificant which was distinguished with the Europa Nostra (2013) and and which wasdistinguishedwiththeEuropa Nostra (2013) developed for theCitéduLignon(2008–2011) ( know-how, thelaboratory develops strategies for thepreserva experience. Combiningtheoretical knowledge andtechnical zation perspective, since itisconstantly changing. is presented asanapproach thatcannot recommend aheritagi prototype housingandintheIederZijnHuis.Finally, landscape SIA turning pointinattitudestopost- demolitions andrestoration efforts. Representing animportant the storyofCitédeL’Etoile, caught between indiscriminate at tion processes are explored inthe“ presented by modernprefabrication systemsinrehabilita- can beaddressed insidethesamebuilding.The challenges das ÁguasLivres shows how different rehabilitation approaches the years ontheiconic MarseilleUnitéd’Habitation, while Bloco servation isrevealed onthestoryofrestoration conducted over tion. Theevolution ofdoctrinesonmodernarchitecture con starting tobeadmired andgatheringsupportfor itspreserva failure amonglarge-scale housinginEurope, andwhich now is of landscapes isoneofthemainissues for the21 André Wogenscky andMartaPan's HouseWorkshop. on conservation andmuseography are alsodiscussedthrough ers intime,functions andworks ofalteration. Somethoughts sign, through research thatmanagedtoclarify different lay- tells how itwaspossible torediscover Sartoris' originalde- story ofthere-birth oftheCercle deL’Ermitage inEpesses.It The needtodevelop sustainable sites,neighbourhoods and The DocumentationIssuessectionpresents theamazing Miremont-Le-Crêt. With anot-so-happy ending,itistold International Corviale, which hadalwaysbeenseenasasymbolofsocial Awards (2014), andinthepreservation process conducted Awards (2014), International WW II EH , Evolutionary Building” housing,isthecase st DJ 44, 2011), century. Post------
Editorial docomomo 54 – 2016/1 NEWS
by clicking on the pictures and tags in the MoMove: homepage. Furthermore, MoMove is provided The docomomo Virtual Exhibition with a tagging system that filters the buildings by: architect, city, country, type and decade. Multiple filters can be selected, refining the list of results. Each entry has the basic infor- docomomo International has launched the collection of photographs and drawings. The mation regarding the name, dates, address, docomomo Virtual Exhibition (MoMove) fiches, in its two versions, — minimum and use, state of protection, type of building, visi- on the 23rd November 2015 in Tecnico- maximum fiche — synthesize data that take tor information and GPS coordinates. University of Lisbon. The original concept quite an effort to collect. However, with the From the contributor's view, all the Work- was developed by Ana Tostões and Yoshiyuki 100 buildings list simple method — it would ing Parties have a private account to enter Yamana in September 2013 as an online be possible to enlarge the selection promptly the MoMove back office. In the back office it exhibition to disseminate and to foster build- and then gradually research every building is possible to edit, update and expand its con- ings, sites and neighbourhoods of the Modern over time according to the Working Party tributions. TheMoMove Guidelines is a manual Movement throughout the (online) world, availability. To sum up, the challenge faced produced by docomomo International to under the scope of docomomo. The website by the MoMove curatorial team and produc- help the Working Parties to work within the exhibition.docomomo.com is a great tion team4 was to convert all these registers back office. achievement in the pursuit of the docomo- composed of fiches, pictures and lists into a mo mission that could not be set up without user-friendly website, including also some Selection criteria the generous support of the Lisbon Mu- new information, such as the current condi- nicipality and Tecnico-University of Lisbon. tion of the buildings and precise geo-location In order to make cross references to the MoMove was launched with the work of the by means of address and of GPS coordinates. more detailed information about a build- research of 482 contributors1, from 36 Work- ing, it is possible to link a building to the local ing Parties through the upload of information Technical aspects docomomo Working Parties websites and on 3247 buildings and sites. to upload any kind of information in order to Exported from a basic Excel table the complement the information about a build- Converting the Registers into program used in the creation of the doco- ing and to open new fields of research. a web-based platform momo Virtual Exhibition was based on The docomomo Virtual Exhibition is docomomo 54 – 2016/1 Omeka5 with the support of a professional intended to be a global database, not In recent years, the development of databases web-developer6. exhaustive, as is an inventory, but selective, of digitized contents opened new fields of From the user's view, while browsing in dedicated to all the people interested in research concerning the future of web- MoMove it is possible to search buildings in modern architecture. Its selective character based documentation. A number of online three different ways: by dragging the map, will contribute to add significance to the databases of buildings and sites were released inserting a name on the browse fieldor selected examples. The selection is inexorably worldwide such as the Phaidon Atlas2 or SAH Archipedia3. docomomo has been research-
News ing new documentation strategies linked to the current digital tools. The 13th docomo- mo Council Meeting (Seoul, 2014) decided that docomomo International would work together with the International Scientific Committee on Registers (ISC/R) in order to build a docomomo web-based database. The first step, prior to the Council Meeting, was to ask the Working Parties to make a selection of 100 modern buildings. Each item on the list had to be illustrated by a picture and include the basic information (name of the architects, building name, site or neighborhood, city/place and years of the design and construction completion). As it is well known, documentation has been a central concern to docomomo owing to the fragility of the 20th century architecture, as it is possible to see by the number of buildings threatened or already demolished. The stan- dard method to index buildings to the doco- momo archives is to fill in a “register fiche” with detailed information, together with a
86 docomomo 54 – 2016/1 News
87 a subjective decision taken by the doco- create their own collections, to feature short docomomo has been a leading global orga- momo Working Parties, it is not a matter of texts and to update data. MoMove also works nization in the field of documentation and importance but to an interpretation of the as a linking platform between all the Working conservation, devoted to the safeguard and significance, meaning and influence of certain Parties docomomo websites and museums, reuse of the Modern Movement architectural buildings in a geographical context. houses, monuments and institutions websites heritage. For the first time in the history of MoMove was the result of the work of 482 worldwide. As the name suggests, MoMove is docomomo, all the work developed by the docomomo members around the world. It an invitation to travel and visit a selection of docomomo groups is being gathered in one is important to mention that docomomo buildings and sites, also through the recom- single virtual interactive space. This web- International has an open understanding of mended tours. This web-based platform and based platform represents a major break- the Modern Movement, which admits very database tool serves as a mapping resource through in architectural research by applying different architectural expressions in accor- for Modern Movement architecture around the latest technologies to the documenta- dance to local interpretation. the globe. tion and registers of the Modern Movement docomomo is responsible for curating Users can interact with the exhibition by heritage. As a powerful tool, user-friendly, the exhibition, verifying all the new entries making comments, sending material to do- that allows the universal use, not only by and making them public, as well as uploading comomo International or sharing buildings experts but also by a wide audience, MoMove information that can complete the entries. on the social networks such as Twitter or is always interested in hearing feedback from docomomo International checks the Facebook. In this way, users provide constant all the users. Your help will be what keeps information inserted in the back-office by feedback, improving the exhibition. MoMove growing and evolving. the docomomo experts, before becoming As a consequence, the innovative character public, in terms of form and not in terms of of MoMove lays on the fact it is a living plat- Ana Tostões content. In order to guarantee that trustwor- form, being in constant evolution as the data- Chair of docomomo International thy information is provided and authorship is base can be constantly updated and expanded Zara Ferreira respected, every contribution needs to have by the worldwide docomomo community. Secretary-General of docomomo International the signature of a rapporteur. The individual Joana Gouveia Alves contributors and their Working Parties are Conclusions Coordinator of the MoMove Production Team responsible for the content they submit. The MoMove is an effective step to accom- Notes An open platform plish the docomomo mission, as it was 1 More information about the contributors at in constant evolution defined in the Eindhoven-Seoul Statement http://exhibition.docomomo.com/credits. (2014)6 which updated the Eindhoven 2 Phaidon Atlas: http://phaidonatlas.com. Predictably, MoMove will grow with the Statement (1989). docomomo endeavors 3 Society of Architectural Historians Archi- help of docomomo members who can to increase public awareness of the Modern pedia: http://sah-archipedia.org.
docomomo 54 – 2016/1 4 Curatorial Team: Original Concept — Ana upload short films, sound tracks and images Movement, to preserve and promote the Tostões, Yoshiyuki Yamana; Curators — study, interpretation and protection of its and provide links to other web resources. Ana Tostões, Joana Gouveia Alves, Zara docomomo Working Parties are free to buildings, sites and neighbourhoods. Ferreira; Assistant curator — José Pedro Cardoso. Production Team: Coordination - Joana Gouveia Alves, José Pedro Cardoso; Web developper — Sérgio Almeida; Production — Zara Ferreira, Catarina Teles, Cristina Alonso, Leandro Arez, Beatriz Olmos; Logotype — Luís Moreira (TVM);
News Website background design — Beatriz Olmos. 5 Omeka: http://omeka.org. “Omeka is a free, flexible, and open source web-publishing platform for the display of library, museum, archives, and scholarly collections and exhibitions.” The use of the open source platform permitted to reduce costs in comparison to developing a database from scratch. As a result of volunteer work, the use of the platform is non-commercial, free of advertisements and free of any charge. All open source software that was used is available to the public with the same license of use. 6 Sérgio Almeida. 7 Eindhoven-Seoul Statement: http://www. docomomo.com/Eindhoven.
88 NEWS
as plasticizers. The Schokbeton Company The Early Years of Schokbeton however, continued to produce concrete fa- Exhibition. December 2015–24 April 2016 çade elements until 2005 and the name is still used in some international locations, which Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands are still using the name to symbolize the qual- ity architectural concrete. The original Schokbeton plant in Zwijn- drecht, constructed in the 1930s, was, until Schokbeton is an architectural concrete façades for very large projects such as more 2015, in use by the Loveld concrete com- precasting system, which was developed in than 1000 farm barns in the Noordoostpolder pany. It was in this plant the first “shock” the early 30s in the Netherlands. The shock (1947–1953) area reclaimed from the sea machines were invented and the casting system was invented by two concrete work- and the immense Trade Center in Rotterdam process perfected. ers who converted a washing machine into by architect Maaskant (1953, Figure 03). In From December 2015 to March 2016 De a “shock table” on which concrete during the early 60s half of the European countries Vergulden Swaen, the city museum of Zwijn- the casting process was “shocked” for a few had Schokbeton precasting plants producing drecht told the history of the firm Schok- minutes to consolidate the material. The standard products and customized building beton, exhibiting the first “wooden shock founders obtained an international patent for elements. Schokbeton was the favorite build- machine”, models of buildings made with the this technology in 1935. Over the almost 50 ing material of architect Marcel Breuer, who, patented “shocking” process, and drawings years that the “shock” process was used by like the architect John M. Johansen for the and photographs of international iconic the company, it was exported from the Neth- US embassy in Dublin (1964, Figure 01), projects from the 20th century. erlands to 30 countries around the world, preferred the unique qualities of concrete at from Japan to USA. the center of a new architectural language. Lucas van Zuijlen The initial goal of founders, G. Lieve and Due to economic and technical devel- docomomo Netherlands M. Leeuwrik, was to make low-cost, custom- opments after the 1980s, the economic made artificial stone elements intended to competitiveness of the “shock” system was More information: www.schokbeton.info; replace natural stone in buildings. In the diminished by the advent of admixtures such www.swaen.org artificially acquired land that constitutes the majority of the Netherlands, natural stone
was rarely available, and was, therefore, docomomo 54 – 2016/1 very expensive to import in the interwar years. The idea of “shocked” concrete was derived from the knowledge that vibration was necessary to reduce the water content of the concrete mixture while achieving good compaction and high strength with less cement. Cement was also a product that was less available in the Low Lands and difficult to obtain from neighboring countries. News 01 John M. Johansen, US Embassy, The first products made on “shock tables” Dublin, Ireland, 1964. were sills, thresholds, window frames and © docomomo US. lamp posts. Noted Dutch architects Van der Steur and Van Ravensteijn were the first to use the Schokbeton process to produce archi- tectural precast concrete elements for facade architecture in Rotterdam. Van Ravensteijn was the architect of several animal enclo- sures and the watchtower of Blijdorp Zoo in Rotterdam (1938–1941). It's the first project where Schokbeton was applied at a large architectural scale (Figure 02). Due to the ability to consistently produce a desired uniform finish and the durability of the material, architectural precast concrete, and the Schokbeton process that produced it, became popular for the post-war genera- tion of modern architects. Because of the large building task, especially in the bombed city center of Rotterdam, the Schokbeton 02 Van der Steur and Van Ravesteyn, 03 Maaskant, Trade Center, Blijdorp zoo, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Rotterdam, Netherlands, company grew to have three branches in 1938–1941. © Archives Royal Zoo 1953. © City Archive of the Netherlands and produced complete Rotterdam. Rotterdam.
89 BOOK REVIEWS
in which she has been involved ever since. In short, with regard to the place that Ana Tostões occupies in the 20th century architec- tural history in Portugal, I must just say the following: there is a before and an after. In this sense, with Idade Maior, a cycle is closed and another one is opened. A cycle is closed because this work, the result of the author's doctoral thesis at Instituto Superior Técnico in 2003, supervised by Professors Nuno Portas and António Canha Piedade, keeps the “goal of studying Modern Move- ment architecture in Portugal”, covering Idade Maior. Cultura e Tecnologia now not only the key moment of “Modern Södra Ängby – Modernism, na Arquitetura Moderna Portuguesa Portuguese architecture of the 50s”, but also Architecture, Landscape entering in the 60s, as well as in the other Author: Ana Tostões key moment that is “the first modernist ex- Edited by Thorbjörn Andersoon, Sören Publisher: FAUP periments of the 1930s”. She “focuses on the Johansson, Paul Källenius, Anders Lindunger ISBN: 9789898527042 relationship between form and construction”, Publisher: Carlsson Bokförlag Language: Portuguese or rather, focuses much of the research in ma- ISBN: 978 91 7331 737 5 Year: 2015 teriality and construction systems, something Language: English so unusual in Portuguese historiography, as Year: 2015 Idade Maior. Cultura e Tecnologia na Arquitetura indispensable as it is for a full understanding Moderna Portuguesa [The Greater Age: Culture of architectural development. In the summer of 1930 the so-called Stock- and Technology in Portuguese Modern It is not surprising that Professor José holm Exhibition burst onto the scene. The Architecture] by Ana Tostões is a great Augusto França, in its preface to this book, exhibition was a huge success in terms of work — not only because of its size — which, states that it “brings to the understanding both its form and its content, and attracted as I believe, will remain as one of the most of the historical discourse of the national many as four million visitors. In Sweden the important moments of architectural culture architecture of the 20th century an essential event marked the breakthrough of modern- and Portuguese architecture. With no room contribution in information and reflection”. ist architecture. It was inspired by European for doubts, Ana Tostões is the most important And being so, for the first time we witness the precedents, with the Bauhaus School in Des- protagonist of contemporary Portuguese implementation of a Grand Récit of 632 pages sau serving as a kind of ideological center and research into modern Portuguese architec- about Portuguese modern architecture of the work of architects like Walter Gropius ture. In a country like Portugal, where, until much of the 20th century which is crucial to and Le Corbusier leading the way. In Sweden not long ago and with few exceptions, there be noted as being unique among us and, not these ideas were given a distinctive regional were few architects writing, and even less re- least, by being conducted at a very difficult interpretation that is sometimes known as searching, outside the scope of design project; time in which the comfort of fragmentation Nordic Functionalism. The functionalist Book Reviews docomomo 54 – 2016/1 where, except for half a dozen studies, there and deconstruction is privileged over the breakthrough happened in the midst of a were very few on the history of Portuguese ambition of great syntheses. So with this period of intense development, with new gar- th architecture of the 20 century. Even rarer work is also opened a new cycle because, as a den cities springing up around Stockholm's were the professionals developing a broad, first major synthesis, it will serve as a central periphery. One of these, and in fact the last of reliable, well-grounded and well-researched reference for study and future investigations, them, was Södra Ängby. The community was narrative on architectural production; and both from the perspective of developing located directly west of Stockholm, and built where such studies came primarily from larger views, or perhaps to contradict it. One between 1934 and 1940. Södra Ängby is a fields other than architecture. It is important way or the other, or both, Idade Maior runs the suburban development of over five hundred to highlight the extraordinary dimension of positive risk of confirming itself as a unique single- family homes strewn across two hills the author's work as an architect-historian, piece of architectural history of the 20th cen- on the north shore of Lake Mälaren, one of not only because of being a precursor, but tury in Portugal. Again, I believe that there the largest collections in Europe of single- because it is consistent, persistent and fruitful will be, a before and an after it. family homes in modernist style. It quickly in the way she has progressed since complet- It is also beautiful, both in its content, earned the nickname of the White City. ing her Master's degree in History of Art of words and images, and it is carefully This book is about Södra Ängby — about at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, in 1995. designed, to which we have become accus- the ideas that developed among Stockholm's Two years later she published Arquitectura tomed to from the editor of the Architecture urban planners, how international prec- Moderna Portuguesa dos anos 50. Os Verdes Anos Faculty of the University of Porto. edents from places like France and Germany ou o Movimento Moderno em Portugal [Modern influenced them, who the architects were Portuguese architecture of the 50s, the green João Belo Rodeia that designed the houses, how they were years or the Modern Movement in Portugal], docomomo international built, where the first residents came from, and which is now a classic reference in the histori- how we can preserve this national cultural ography of Portuguese architecture. Not to heritage site for future generations. But Södra mention the many initiatives and projects Ängby has even more to tell us. It captures
90 the emergence of a new, modern society built neighborhood development and the superpo- both fascists and communists, he experi- on new values of democracy, progress, public sition of layers. ences imprisonment and social exclusion and health, and community. Södra Ängby became Finally, the fourth part discusses alterna- ultimately an untimely death. a reflection of the new Sweden that was tives to the dominant systems: rehabilitation, Offering a jouney through Cantacuzino's being born, the political push to construct a environmental architecture, forecasting the momentos life and work, this study tries top “home for the people,” and of the Swedish periphery, the redevelopment of marginal lace it into a wide architectural, cultural, eco- model of compromise between capitalism neighborhoods and of responses to catastro- nomic and political context. It also seeks to and socialism that would be studied interna- phe situations. reveal the cornerstones of his classical atitude tionally as “the Middle Way.” It was a time To give a broader view of the above, the and to discern the “the springs which feed when Sweden was the most modern country conventional Eurocentrism and the exclusive the river of his thought” — from Vitruvius in the world. presentation of works carried out in devel- via Palladio and Schinkel to Loos and Perret, oped countries was renounced. Therefore, from Wolfflin via Wittkower to Gombrich, From the Publisher. the book includes a numerous experiments from Plotinus via Bergson to Camus, from carried out in developing countries. Also, it Montaigne via Goethe to Rilke, Valéry and is not only presented conventional examples T.S. Eliot. of new plan but also rehabilitation and recy- cling, sustainable architecture and emergency From the Publisher. housing are studied.
Translated from the Publisher.
La Arquitectura de la Vivienda Colectiva
Author: Josep Maria Montaner docomomo 54 – 2016/1 Publisher: Editorial Reverté In Light of Hilberseimer. The Genesis ISBN: 978 84 291 2126 1 and Legacy of the New City Language: Spanish Year: 2015 George Matei Cantacuzino: Author: Plácido González Martínez A Hybrid Modernist Publisher: Vibok Works This book presents a story that had not yet ISBN: 978 84 939058 6 6 been written with a broad and interpre- Author: Dan Teodorovici Language: English tive vision. This history is exposed from a Publisher: Ernst Wasmuth Verlag Tubingen Year: 2015 contemporary perspective addressing the ISBN: 978 3 8030 0767 4 Book Reviews reality complexity, describing experiences Language: English With clear and elegant writing, González that are model examples of housing policy Year: 2014 Martínez unravels an important paradox and architectural typology. The case studies in this book: the unexpected emotional are interpreted not only on its original time, The Romanian cosmopolitan George Matei intensity hidden within this figure who was but also in its later use. Emphasis is placed on Cantacuziono (1899–1960) is one of the commonly described as cold, dull and stub- cases that have focused on community and least known polymaths of the 20th century. In born; his tragic love story with Otti Berger, urban issues. view of that age of extremes, both his classical a student he met in Bauhaus de Dessau; his In the first part of the book it is exposed atitude, which links modernism to tradition close relationship with students at the Illinois the long tradition that have began with and aesthetics to ethics, and his intelectual Institute of Technology in Chicago (IIT), the Existenzminimum experiments, with the integrity are remarkable. who suffered from the daunting arrogance of Vienneses Hofe and the German Siedlungen, He was born in Vienna to aristocratic a certain Mies van der Rohe… In short, this followed by the British new towns and the parentes, and was educated in Switzerland, book reveals the profound human dimension French grands ensembles. Bucharest and Paris. In Romania he became behind the leader of urban and architectural The second part explains the answers to the unchallenged integrative figure of the rationalism in the 20 th century. the crisis on modern urbanism and function- moderate modernism; he still is the most alist housing, with the alternatives offered by prolific architectural theorist of that country. From the Publisher. the organicism, by participatory processes, He was also professor of architectural history the typological criticism and the theory and and theory in Bucharest, painter and cura- practice of media. tor, the first Romanian correspondente of The third part deals with contemporary L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, honorary citizen of systems: the organization in plan, modular New York, and much more. With his liberal combination systems, urban integration, political atitude being disapproved of by
91 I, Panthéon-Sorbonne. In it, the author identi- that people entered into the building via the fy the creativity and singularity of the broth- hall of elevators. The façades were objects of ers and sought to contextualize it within the a constant volumetric and compositional ex- social and cultural environment of the Rio de perimentation, in which the sun protection of Janeiro of the mid-20th century, which gave brise soleil had a key role that took on varied birth to a charming rationalist architecture, solutions designed to meet the uniqueness of and to other cultural phenomena, such as the each project. Their residential projects offers Bossa Nova in music. The book also analyses a constant discussion about modern housing, the trajectory of each of the Roberto brothers especially in the use of duplex apartments, inside the office and how the singularity of in terms of constructive rationalization, and each one of them was reflected in the final the spatial qualityce qualification of hous- production of the office. ing. They were open to the influences of Le Outlining a panorama of the production of Corbusier's rationalism to Wright's organic Irmãos Roberto, Arquitetos the office between 1935 and 1996, it is clear nature, even though without ignoring several the transformations of Brazilian architecture good projects of compositional from tradi- Author: Luiz Felipe Machado at the time. The first project built by the part- tional scholarship. For all of this, this book is Coelho de Souza nership of the brothers, the ABI, was the first an excellent opportunity to reassess the role Publisher: Rio Books tall building built in Brazil that has followed that brothers Roberto had in the dissemina- ISBN: 9788561556327 the rational functionalism aesthetic of the tion of modern Brazilian architecture. Language: Portuguese 20th century. Its conception and construc- Year: 2014 tion predates the edifice of the Ministry of José Pessôa Education and Health, the collective work docomomo Brasil One of the biggest gaps in Brazilian modern by the leading figures of the first genera- historiography is the absence of a profound tion of modern Brazilian architects — Lucio and exclusive architecture study on the Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, Afonso Eduardo trajectory of the Roberto brothers' office and Reidy, Jorge Moreira, Carlos Leão and Ernani its importance for 20th century architecture. Vasconcellos -, and which was consecrated The architect brothers Marcelo, Milton and by historiography as the inaugural symbol of Mauricio associated themselves and together, the Brazilian Modern Movement, relegating over the decades from 1930 to 1960, at the the ABI building to a secondary role. office called MMM Roberto, they brought Perhaps, the explanation of this phenom- forth a rationalist architecture which became enon is found in the trajectory of the office a reference in quality for all the young Brazil- MMM Roberto which produced a fairly ians architects of the that era. Marcelo, the autonomous work in parallel with the legacy oldest one who graduated in 1930, joined of the architect Oscar Niemeyer, the almost with his brother Milton, the middle one, in hegemonic influencer of Brazilian architec- the competition for the new head office of ture at that time. the Brazilian Press Association, ABI, in 1935. The main platform for disseminating They won the competition with an unusual Brazilian Modern Movement architecture Modernism in Europe. corner building that had its two façades were the widely publicized public works. In Modernism in Gdynia. covered with vertical brises-soleil. A few years contrast, the MMM Roberto office had as its Architecture of the 1920s Book Reviews docomomo 54 – 2016/1 later, Mauricio, the youngest brother, joined main customer the private sector, produc- and 1930s and its Protection them and the new office was created. The ing spaces that were built in dialogue with exciting feeling in 1939 caused by its opening society's desire for the modern Rio and Brazil Edited by Maria JolantaSołtysik went beyond Brazil's borders. In December of the decades from 1940 to 1970. In the and Robert Hirsch of the following year, the North American housing projects the brothers designed with Publisher: The City of Gdynia magazine Architectural Record published ar- high spatial and constructive quality, as well ISBN: 978-83-907114-4-7 ticles about the then newly opened building as commercial profitability. Language: English in Rio de Janeiro. ABI was praised for its fixed Roberto's workmanship is known for its Year: 2009 sun-baffles, which give the building's exterior great contrivance. Designing all elements of its form and ornament, had never before the building, making the most of new tech- The bookModernism in Europe. Modernism in been used in tall buildings. The projects of niques and engaged in control of its construc- Gdynia. Architecture of the 1920s and 1930s and MMM Roberto were published in national and tion sites, the Roberto bothers already said its Protection is a result of the international international architecture magazines of the in their first project: “In ABI, there was not a conference on Modern Movement architec- decades between 1940 and 1960; even ap- screw that had not been designed by us”. In ture held in Gdynia in 2007. The confer- pearing in specialist magazines and mentioned addition, it was an architecture that provided ence has inaugurated the series Modernism with great fanfare as a part of Brazilian Mod- a rich dialogue with public space. Subvert- in Europe. Modernism in Gdynia which, since ern Movement architecture. However, MMM ing existing regulations that prohibited the then, has gained significant international Roberto was never covered in a comprehen- free pillars of modern architectural design, importance. The concept of the event was to sive book about the firm's projects. they projected a series of institutional and discuss the current state of protection of pre- Authored by the architect and professor, commercial buildings in which elevators and war European built heritage, examining both Luiz Felipe Machado Coelho de Souza, the stairs gave access directly onto the street, the general approach to, and methodology of, book Irmãos Roberto, Arquitetos was a result of and the city floor of Rio de Janeiro, in its tra- preservation, as well as presenting practical his thesis defended at the University of Paris ditional mosaic of white and black stones, so examples of completed heritage conservation
92 projects. The success of the first conference improved from one building site to another, has resulted not only in the rapid growth of contributing to the accelerated modernisa- interest, but also has led to the organization tion of a sector deemed backward in a time of of three more iterations. This year will bring repairing the damages of the war. The urgency the fifth of the series, titled20 th Century Archi- and the challenge that the recovery of the tecture — Preservation — Conservation. country represents impose the implementa- Undoubtedly, the choice of Gdynia as the tion of innovative operational processes, all of place of the inaugural conference was not this led by the Government. In this context, random. This Polish city seems to be a perfect the explosive growth of prefabrication paves location for such activities and studies, as it the way for innovative technical performanc- is the only Modern Movement creation of es and formal achievements around a leading that scale in Poland. Its homogeneous and material, the concrete. well-thought-out architectural concept was Even if it doesn't summarize itself the build- designed mainly in the 1920s and 1930s and En el Sítio Roberto Burle Marx ing industrialization policy, prefabrication is is still clearly visible today, the Polish “White the result of an unprecedented technical ad- City” is preserved almost in its original form. Author: Patricio Vélez venture, an adventure defined by the wealth The book, documenting this prominent Publisher: Libros del Vórtice of new proceedings and by the remarkable event, is as important as the conference ISBN: 978-84-617-3314-9 inventiveness of the concept that testifies itself. Although it does not aspire to be a Language: Spanish, Portuguese and English the richness and the vitality of the French monograph, it does present a vast spectrum Year: 2015 constructive cultureback then. of information about work carried out in In this effervescence where most of the various European cities. The material has En el Sítio Roberto Burle Marx is a descriptive players think about the procedures, manufac- been split into two parts, first of which serves essay about the place where the famous land- ture and construction, the architect, which as a presentation of icons and models of mod- scape designer had his gardening and land- sees his role redefined, the engineer, the build- ernist architecture from the period between scaping laboratory. Eighteen photographs in ing contractor, the technician and the worker, the World Wars, while the second part deals black and white, twenty two in color, and experience an unlimited fascination before the both with theoretical and practical issues eight pages of text, describe the different en- process of fabrication and assembly, the move- connected with the preservation of 20th vironments and most characteristic elements, ment of cranes, the back and forth of trucks, century heritage. Despite noticeable differ- whilst, at the same time, highlighting the disassembly and reassembly of the formwork, ences in the authors' views and opinions, the importance of the Sítio in the artist's life and the pace of the molding. Nevertheless, beyond book clearly stresses two issues: the different in the experimental process that provided the reeling aroused by this “mechanical ballet”, character of Modern Movement architecture new concepts on, and shapes to, the modern some architects are worried about the possible compared with historical monuments, giving Brazilian garden. excess of an absolute rationalization. docomomo 54 – 2016/1 rise to the inability to use the same methodol- ogy of conservation in both cases, and the un- Translated from the Publisher. Translated from the Publisher. questionable need of creating a separate and coherent procedure when dealing with 20th century heritage. Authors of the thought- fully illustrated articles included in the book document individual problems in a detailed manner; the separate issues are connected Book Reviews with respective buildings, the relationships between ideas and forms of all the European flavors of Modern Movement heritage are thoroughly explored. Although the need to create new conser- vation methodology for modern architecture in Poland is still urgent, the situation looks to be a lot better nearly a decade after the firstModernism in Europe. Modernism in Gdynia conference. The bookModernism in Europe. Reconstruire La France. L'Aventure El Paris de Le Corbusier Modernism in Gdynia. Architecture of the 1920s du Béton Assemblé. 1940–1955 and 1930s and its Protection is still relevant as Author: José Ramón Alonso Pereira a document of the former state of affairs and Author: Yvan Delemontey Publisher: Editorial Reverté also as a reminder that, although a great deal Publisher: Editions de la Villette ISBN: 978 84 291 2098 1 of work has been done since 2007, several ISBN: 978-2915456882 Language: Spanish questions about Modern Movement architec- Language: French Year: 2015 ture's future still have to be answered. Year: 2015 El Paris de Le Corbusier analyzes the dual rela- Piotr Tomaszewski The reader is invited on a journey through the tionships between the city and the architect: docomomo International Collaborator emergent building industry and the resulting the dialectic between the real city — Paris, architecture. He is provided with a reasoned where he lived — and the ideal city — the inventory of a multitude of inventions, abstract Paris that he was projecting. El Paris
93 de Le Corbusier tries to confront both worlds through texts, photos and drawings, the Therefore, the time is ripe for a critical ap- to understand them better. Paris is an op- individual renovation projects that were praisal of this ambitious project. The authors portunity to understand Le Corbusier and completed in 2010–2013: the lecture hall, aim to identify the most significant mass Le Corbusier is the occasion to study Paris. the lending and reading halls, the children's housing series designed and engineered from None of the factors wants to take precedence library, the main entrance and lobby, the Kaliningrad to Vladivostok. over the other. basement floors, the book storage and techni- Le Corbusier embodied the dynamics of cal systems as well as the external walls and From the Publisher. the 20th century in Paris. It was there that roofs. The book's viewpoint is very much he lived most of his life: where he thought, set in the present, in presenting the recently where he wrote, where he designed. The city restored library, its pure white surface, the of Le Corbusier was both place of reality and soft grey soapstone on the main entrance fa- utopia. His proposals for La Ville Contempo- çade, and the carefully finished details of the raine and Ville Radieuse are both a prophetic windows, doors and staircases. The photos gesture and a poetic image. taken specially for the book beautifully show The intersection between his ideals and Aalto's masterpiece in all its new splendor. the reality of Paris is presented in this book through a rich and sequential speech — From the Publisher. Édouard, Jeanneret and Le Corbusier: the discovery of Paris by Édouard, the dialectic that Paris, with its provocative energies, established with Jeanneret, and the proposals for Paris developed by Le Corbusier, making Angola Cinemas. them a poetic journey and a vital encounter. A Fiction of Freedom
Translated from the Publisher. Authors: Walter Fernandes and Miguel Hurst Edited by Christiane Schulte, Gabriele Stiller-Kern and Miguel Hurst. Publisher: Steidl / Goethe-Institut ISBN: 978-3-86930-794-7 Languages: German, Portuguese and English Year: 2015 Towards a Typology of Soviet Mass Housing: prefabrication Angola Cinema honors the unique, fantastic in the USSR 1955–1991 and unknown architecture of movie theaters in Angola, built in the decades before the Authors: Philipp Meuser end of Portuguese colonial rule in 1975. and Dimitru Zadorin Initially designed as traditional closed spaces, Publisher: DOM publishers open-air cinemas with terrace bars became the order of the day, better suited as they Book Reviews docomomo 54 – 2016/1 Alvar Aalto Library in Vyborg: ISBN: 978 3 86922 446 6 were to a tropical climate. The arrival of these Saving a Modern Masterpiece, Language: English cinemas in the 1960s brought atmosphere Part 2 Year: 2015 and elegance to the experience of going to the Edited by Eric Adlercreutz, Maija Kairamo Soviet mass housing is a contradictory but movies; but these urban cathedrals were also, and Tapani Mustonen unique phenomenon. It is usually blamed for importantly, a place where social barriers dis- Publisher: Rakennustieto Oy creating the most monotonous built environ- solved and where liberation from colonialism ISBN: 978 952 267 101 1 ment in the history of mankind, thus con- was possible. Walter Fernandes (born 1979) Language: English stituting a symbol of individual suppression photographs offer not only an examination Year: 2015 and dejection. The construction programme of the architectural history of these buildings, launched in the post-Stalinist era was the but also an important document of urban th On its completion in 1935, Alvar Aalto's library largest undertaken in modern architectural organization in the 20 century, as well as the in Vyborg was regarded as one of the most history worldwide. At the same time, Soviet changing mentalities of a society living with significant functionalist buildings of its time. mass housing fulfilled a colossal social role, the prospect of its independence. The restoration of the library, which had been providing tens of millions of families with in a state of neglect for a long time, began in their own apartments. It shaped the culture From the Publisher. 1994 and was completed in 2013. The restora- and everyday life of nearly all Soviet citizens. tion work has since received several awards Yet, due to the very scale of construction, for the exceptionally high-quality result and it managed to evolve into a complex world the laudable international cooperation. denoting an abundance of myths and secrets, Alvar Aalto Library in Vyborg Saving a Modern achievements and failures. Soviet mass hous- Masterpiece, Part 2 takes off from where the ing is indisputably intriguing, but neverthe- previous book ended and presents in detail, less it is still neglected as a theme of research.
94 La ciudad colonial y la cuestión de la The Dresden architect Alfred Hopp and Prof. vivenda. Tetuán-Larache 1912–1956 Dr. Hermann Alker from Karlsruhe, and the builder OB Zwingenberger followed mod- Author: Alejandro Muchada ern conceptions even against the intrigue of Publisher: Universidad de Sevilla — political adversaries. The architecture shows a Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda careful handling of building science thanks to ISBN: 978-84-8095-573-7 high-level specialist advice. Language: Spanish The book details the planning activities for a Year: 2015 theater that was a building type of the highest relevance to ideological Nazism. Sociologically, This collective work about the urban a more revealing insight into everyday Nazism transformation of the cities of Tetouan and is offered. Larache during the colonial period (1912- BAGDAD: La Construction d'une 1956), contains an interdisciplinary ap- Translated from the Publisher. Capitale Moderne (1914–1960) proach about the origin of the modern city in northern Morocco and about the issue of Author: Caecilia Pieri habitat, especially on the urban peripher- Publisher: Presses de l'Ifpo ies, and public housing production based ISBN: 978-2-35159-399-8 on an analysis of unpublished documentary Language: French sources. A diverse group of professionals and Year: 2015 Spanish-Moroccan researchers at the
War and the establishment of the first Iraqi docomomo 54 – 2016/1 and Rachel Isaac-Menard Republic. It assesses what is at stake in the Publisher: Green Frigate Books building of a modern capital. It envisions the ISBN: 978 0 9933706 0 1 interaction between architectural forms and Language: English urban practices as a paradigm of a complex Year: 2015 identity and intertwines various approaches: studying the historical and political context, Housing the Future — Alternative Approaches unravelling shaping patterns and processes, for Tomorrow offers three perspectives on the and analyzing the societal modernization. problems of housing today with an eye on Book Reviews Its largely unpublished iconography is rich tomorrow. It brings together world-leading with more than 800 illustrations: old and practising architects with academics forms recent photographs, drawings, plans, maps, Das Grenzlandtheater in Zittau even countries and teams of international stu- autograph documents, archives. 1934–1936 dents. World leaders in the field of residential From the Publisher. design such as UN Habitat Award winner Avi Authors: Jos Tomlow Friedman present built projects whose design and Sabine Spitzner-Schmieder criteria and aims they lay out in text. Academ- Publisher: Graphische Werkstätten Zittau ics from the UK, the USA, Spain, Germany and ISBN: 978 3 929744 96 5 elsewhere follow these project descriptions Language: German with extended essays from a more theoretical Year: 2015 perspective but remain focused on the realities of practice. Finally, ideas on current housing The construction of Grenzlandtheater was problems from the next generation of design- caused by the fire of the previous bourgeois the- ers are brought together in student projects ater in 1932. Of the three theaters in the service from Europe and North America. With an of National Socialism it was the highest among introduction by Dr. Graham Cairns, this book them to achieve active participation by the po- highlights the practice of residential design litical parties in the years from 1934 to 1936 (the internationally at a time when affordable Reichsgauleitung, the propaganda and interior housing provision is seen as a critical issue by ministries, and the broadcasting corporations). designers, planners and policy makers alike. It was considered to be an exemplar imple- mentation of the idea of the Thing-Place. From the Publisher.
95 Hubert–Jan Henket, honorary president Executive Committee Advisory Board Instituto Superior Técnico Ana Tostões, chair Ana Tostões, chair France Vanlaethem, docomomo Quebec Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa Zara Ferreira, secretary general Louise Noelle, ISCs representative João Belo Rodeia, docomomo Iberia Phone: 00351 21 8418101/02/03 Panayotis Tournikiotis, ISCs former Louise Noelle, docomomo Mexico [email protected] representative Scott Robertson, docomomo Australia www.docomomo.com Zara Ferreira, secretary general Theodore Prudon, docomomo US Timo Tuomi, docomomo Finland Wessel de Jonge, docomomo NL Yoshiyuki Yamana, docomomo Japan
International Specialist Veronique Boone, secretary Technology docomomo Egypt Committees Sander Van Duppen, treasurer No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an Vittoria Capresi, coordinator Avenue Kersbeek 44 Phone: 86 29 82202954 Shaimaa Ashour, coordinator ISC Registers B-1190 Forest (Brussels) info@docomomo-china [email protected] Louise Noelle, interim chair Phone: 00 32 9 225 02 16 http://www.docomomo-china.com [email protected] Panayotis Tournikiotis, editor [email protected] Marieke Kuipers, editor www.docomomo.be docomomo Colombia docomomo Estonia www.docomomo.com Paula Echeverri Montes, chair Epp Lankots, chair [email protected] docomomo Brazil Universitad de Los Andes Triin Ojari, secretary Sónia Marques, coordinator Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño Estonian Academy of Arts ISC Technology Luiz Amorim, secretary Carrera 1 Este no 1, 18 A-70 bloque K Piso Institute of Art History Kyle Normandin, chair Pós-Graduação Desenvolvimento Urbano 2, Bogota Tartu mnt 1, Tallinn EE 10045 Uta Pottgiesser, secretary Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [email protected] Phone: 37 2626 7325 www.docomomo.com Caixa Postal 7119 Cidade Universitária http://www.docomomocolombia.com.co [email protected] [email protected] CEP: 50780-970 Recife Phone: 81 2126 8311 docomomo Cuba docomomo Finland ISC Urbanism + Landscape [email protected] Eduardo Luis Rodríguez, chair Leena Makkonen, chair Miles Glendinning, chair www.docomomo.org.br Ayleen Robainas, secretary Anniina Meriläinen, secretary [email protected] Isabel León, project manager Pirjo Olin, treasurer www.sites.ace.ed.ac.uk/docomomoiscul docomomo Bulgaria F # 264 apt. 3 e/ 11 y 13, Vedado, La Helsinki City Planning Department Konstantin Bojadjiev, chair Habana 10400 PL 2100, 00099 Helsingin kaupunki ISC Education + Theory Vesela Popova, coordinator Phone: (0) 53 44 34 96 Phone: 35 89 1605 5913 Theodore Prudon, chair Georgi Georgiev, treasurer [email protected] secretary@docomomo–fi.com Angela Wheeler, secretary Center for Architectural Studies www.docomomo–fi.com info@docomomo–us.org Bulgarian Academy of Sciences docomomo Curaçao www.docomomo-isc-et.org Bl. 1, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. Sofia Saavedra-Bruno, coordinator docomomo France 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Andrés Casimiri, treasurer Agnès Cailliau, chair Phone: 35 9 2872 4620 UNA-Jan Noorduynweg 111 Laurence Dronne, secretary ISC Publications [email protected] Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles Sébastien Cherruet, treasure Ana Tostões, chair Phone: 599 9844 2171 Palais de Chaillot [email protected] docomomo Canada Atlantic [email protected] 1 Place du Trocadéro, 75116 Paris Steven Mannell, coordinator http://docomomo-curacao.blogspot.com Phone: 33 6 22 71 40 05 School of Architecture [email protected] docomomo 53 – 2015/2 Dalhousie University docomomo Cyprus http://www.docomomo.fr Working Parties PO Box 1000, Halifax NS B3J 2X4 Petros Phokaides, chair Phone: 1 90 2494 6122 Laodikeias 22, 11528 Ilisia, Athens docomomo Georgia docomomo Angola [email protected] Phone: 30 69 7301 0343 Rusudan Mirzikashvili, chair Filomena do Espírito Santo Carvalho, chair [email protected] [email protected] Ângela Mingas, secretary docomomo Canada British docomomogeorgia.blogspot.com Phone: +244 929 652305 Columbia docomomo Czech Republic [email protected] Robert Lemon, chair Jakub Kyncl, coordinator docomomo Germany docomomo-ao.org Marco D'Agostini, coordinator Sumavska 416/15, 602 00 Brno Franz Jaschke, chair City of Vancouver Planning Dep. Phone: 42 06 0319 7470 Andrea Jütten vice–chair and secretary docomomo Argentina 453, West 12th Avenue [email protected] Diana Zitzmann, treasurer
Appendix Carolina Quiroga, coordinator Vancouver, BC V5Y 1V4 www.docomomo.cz Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau Faculty of Architecture Phone: 1 60 4873 7056 Gropiusallee 38 06846 Dessau University of Buenos Aires docomomo Denmark Phone: 49 340 6508 211 Av. San Martin 1540, 2 “A” docomomo Canada Ontario Ola Wedebrunn, chair docomomo@bauhaus–dessau.de C1416CRQ Buenos Aires James Ashby, coordinator School of Architecture www.docomomo.de [email protected] Chris Warden, acting chair The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts www.fadu.uba.ar/sitios/docomomo Suite 214, 300 Powell Avenue Philip de Langes Allé 10 docomomo Greece Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5T3, Canada 1435 København K Panayotis Tournikiotis, chair docomomo Australia Phone: 1 81 9994-0811 Phone: 45 4170 1749 Neohellenic Architecture Archives Scott Robertson, president [email protected] [email protected] Benaki Museum Louise Cox, secretary/treasurer http://docomomo-ontario.ca 138, Pireos & Andronikou street Hannah Lewi, vice president VIC docomomo Dominican Republic 118 54 Athens Sheridan Burke, vice president NSW docomomo Chile Mauricia Domínguez, chair Phone: 30 210 3453674 70A Blues Paint Road, Horacio Torrent, chair Marcelo Alburquerque, vice-chair [email protected] North Sydney NSW 2060 Maximiano Atria, secretary Amando Vicario, secretary Phone: 61 2 9929 6782 Andrés Téllez, treasurer Alejandro Herrera, vice-secretary docomomo Guatemala [email protected] Prog. de Magister en Arquitectura Álex Martínez, treasurer Raúl Monterroso, president www.docomomoaustralia.com.au Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Benigno Filomeno 6, Penthouse N Sonia Fuentes, vice president El Comendador 1916 Torre San Francisco, Santo Domingo Marco de León, secretary docomomo Austria Providencia, Santiago Phone: 1 80 9687 8073 Javier Quiñonez, treasurer Axel Hubmann, president Phone: +56 2 2354 5659 [email protected] Estudio+taller de arquitectura y diseño Ute Georgeacopol, secretary [email protected] 6ª Av. 11–43 zona 1, Edificio Pan Am, Heinrich Chr. Meyer, treasure www.docomomo.cl docomomo Ecuador Oficina 801, Centro Histórico, Köstlergasse 1/25, A–1060 Wien Augusta Hermida, President Guatemala City Phone: 43 15 4404 1719 docomomo China Monteros Karina Cuevas, Vicepresident Phone: 502 22 50 07 56 [email protected] LIU, Kecheng, chair Jaime Guerra, Secretary [email protected] www.docomomo.at WANG, Shusheng, secretary general Calle Cañar 2-81 y Remigio Crespo http://mm-guatemala.blogspot.pt LU, Jiameng, secretary Edificio Jacobo. Tercer piso. docomomo Belgium WANG, Xinwen, secretary Cuenca and Ecuador docomomo Hong Kong Marc Dubois, chair College of Architecture Phone: 593 993036490 Cole Roskam, chair Zsuzsanna Böröcz, vice chair Xi'an University of Architecture and www.docomomo.ec University of Hong Kong
96 Editors 3/F Knowles Building Phone: 37 1 2911 7796 ul. Bernardynska 5, 50–156 Wroclaw Rosa Ana Turielle, treasurer Ana Tostões Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam [email protected] Phone: 48 7 1343 3675 Accademia di Architettura Zara Ferreira Phone: 852 2859 7962 [email protected] Largo Bernasconi 2 Guest editors [email protected] docomomo Lebanon CH-6850 Mendrisio Franz Graf http://docomomo.hk George Arbid, chair docomomo Portugal Phone: +41 58 666 5885 Giulia Marino Arab Centrer for Architecture See docomomo Iberia. [email protected] Editorial Board docomomo Hungary George Mrad Building, 4th floor www.docomomo.ch Hubert-Jan Henket Pàl Ritook, chair Salim Rustom Baz Street docomomo Puerto Rico Louise Noelle Gras Hungarian Museum of Architecture Ashrafieh Sassine Ivonne Maria Marcial, chair docomomo Taiwan Scott Robertson Mokus utca 20, 1136 Budapest Po Box 16-6802, Beirut Escuela de Arquitectura Rémi Wang, secretary Advisory Board Phone: 36 1454 0099 Phone: 961 3 359935 Univ. Politécnica de Puerto Rico Department of Architecture, Anthony Vidler [email protected] [email protected] PO Box 192017, San Juan 00919–2017 National Taipei University of Technology Barry Bergdoll [email protected] 1, Chunghsiao E. Road section 3, Hilde Heynen docomomo Iberia docomomo Lithuania Da-an Distrcit, Taipei Jean-Louis Cohen Celestino García Braña, chair Morta Bauziene, coordinator docomomo Québec Phone: +886-953-262-356 Sarah Whiting João Santa-Rita, vice-chair Lithuanian Museum of Architecture France Vanlaethem, president [email protected] Tom Avermaete Susana Landrove Bossut, director Mykolas Street 9 2001 Vilnius Marie-Dina Salvione, secretary Wilfried Wang Col·legi dArquitectes de Catalunya Soraya Bassil, treasurer docomomo Thailand Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani Plaça Nova 5, 08002 Barcelona docomomo Macau École de Design Suphawadee Ratanamart, chair English editor Phone: 34 9 3306 7859 Rui Leão, chair Université du Québec à Montréal Kanlayaporn Chongphaisal, secretary Scott Robertson [email protected] Pátio da Adivinhação no.1B, C.P. 8888 succ. Centre–Ville The Association of Siamese Architects Coordination and production http://www.docomomoiberico.com Edif. Weng Keong r/c A. Macau Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3P8 Under Royal Patronage 248/1 Zara Ferreira Phone: +853 28825199 Phone: 1 514 987 3000 Soi Soonvijai 4 (soi 17), Rama IX Road, Collaborators docomomo Iran [email protected] [email protected] Bangkapi, Huay Kwang, Bangkok 10310 Catarina Andrade Pirouz Hanachi, chair www.docomomomacau.org www.docomomoquebec.ca Phone: (662) 319-6555 Catarina Teles Hadi Naderi, coordinator [email protected] Joana Nunes College of Fine Arts docomomo Malta docomomo Russia Maria Eduarda Neumann University of Tehran Jevon Vella, chair Vladimir Shukhov, chair docomomo The Netherlands Piotr Tomaszewski Phone: 98 21 61112534 Bernadine Scicluna, secretary Nikolai Vasilev, secretary Janneke Bierman, chair Sara Saraiva [email protected] c/o 46, St. Pius V st. Sliema SLM 1421 Elena Ovsyanikova, chief Sara Stroux, secretary Design www.docomomo.ir [email protected] Str. 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Elvan Altan, Ankara rep. docomomo 52 - 2015/1 docomomo International is a registered trademark, Phone: +972-8-6909387 Ahmed El Hariri, chair Periodical: MoMo World Scotland Faculty of Architecture ISSN: 1380/3204 · D.L.: 380259/14 [email protected] Mourad Benmbarek, vice-chair Istanbul Technical University Mohamed Chaoui, secretary docomomo Serbia Taskisla, Taksim, 34037 Istanbul On the cover: Georges Addor, Jacques Bolliger and Louis Payot, Meyrin Parc, docomomo Italy Ecole Nationale d’architecture Dobrivoje Erić, president Phone: 90 212 293 13 00 the first satellite precinct in Switzerland, 1960–1964. © ETH-GTA Archives, Ugo Carughi, chair BP 6372 Rabat Instituts, Rabat Jelena Ivanovi-Vojvodi, coordinator [email protected] Zurich, ph. W. Binder. Alessandra Marin, secretary Phone: +212 (0) 62 13 26 455 Jelena Grbić, secretary c/o Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, [email protected] Association of Belgrade Architects docomomo UK Università Tor Vergata, Kneza Miloša 7/III, Beograd Judi Loach, chair via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma docomomo New Zealand Phone: +381 11 3230059 Philip Boyle, coordinator Phone: 39 06 7259 7026 Julia Gatley, chair [email protected] Robert Loader, secretary Contribute to the next journal [email protected] Jessica Halliday, secretary and treasurer www.docomomo-serbia.org Anna Basham, treasurer Journal 55 is scheduled for September 2016. Authors who would like to www.docomomoitalia.it School of Architecture and Planning The 77 Cowcross Street, London EC1M 6EJ Appendix contribute to this issue are kindly invited to contact University of Auckland docomomo Slovakia Phone: 44 20 7253 6624 [email protected]. docomomo Japan Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 Henrieta Moravcikova, chair [email protected] Guideline to contributors Hiroshi Matsukuma, chair Phone: 64 9373 7599#84656 Institute of Construction and Architecture www.docomomo-uk.co.uk • A copy on CD or an e–mail version of the text. The CD should be clearly la- Yoshiyuki Yamana, vice-chair www.docomomo.org.nz Slovak Academy of Sciences beled with the author(s) name(s), the title, and the names of the files contain- Kenji Watanabe, coordinator Dubravska 9, 845 03 Bratislava docomomo Ukraine ing the text and illustrations. The name and version of the word-processing Kamei Yasuko, secretary docomomo Norway Phone: 421 2 5930 9230 Alexander Bouryak, chair software used to prepare the text should also be given. Architecture and Architectural Engineering Siri Skjold Lexau, chair [email protected] Kharkov National University of Civil • A hard copy on paper by postal mail. The title and author’s name should be CIT, Nihon University c/o Arkitektskap Engineering and Architecture clearly mentioned on each page of the manuscript and the name, title, postal 1-2-1 Izumicho Narashino Torggata 33 0183 Oslo docomomo Slovenia address and e–mail address should also be given at the end of each contribution. 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It is essential Riga Technical University Jadwiga Urbanik, coordinator Giulia Marino, vice-president that authors provide good quality illustrations either printed on paper or as Azenes iela 16, Riga LV–1048 Muzeum Architektury Mélanie Delaune Perrin, secretary digital data on disk or CD (size of images: 300 dpi for an A5 format). For figure captions, the order of information is: designer, name of building or object, location, date, description, source. If a building has been destroyed, include that information. 97 docomomo International is a non-profit organization dedicated to the documentation and conservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods of the Modern Movement. It aims at: • Bringing the significance of the HOUSING architecture of the Modern Movement to the attention of the public, the public authorities, the professionals and the educational community. • Identifying and promoting the surveying of the Modern Movement’s RELOADED works. • Fostering and disseminating the development of appropriate techniques and methods of conservation. • Opposing destruction and disfigurement of significant works. • Gathering funds for documentation and conservation. • Exploring and developing knowledge of the Modern Movement. International committee for documentation and conservation docomomo International wishes to extend its field of actions to new territories, establish new of buildings, sites and neighbourhoods of the partnerships with institutions, organizations and NGOs active in the area of modern architecture, develop modern movement and publish the international register, and enlarge the scope of its activities in the realm of research, documentation and education. Journal 54 – 2016/01 HOUSING RELOADEDHOUSING Journal 54 Journal
With the support of