Solomon’s Success: Trenton Bath House to be Saved

On Friday, August 11th at 2:54 PM EST, news flashed across the internet and around the world that the Bath House and Day Camp pavilions designed by Louis Kahn in the mid 1950s for the Jewish Community Center (JCC) in Ewing, New Jersey, would be preserved. The message was sent from architectural historian, DOCOMOMO US member, and Kahn scholar Susan Solomon. She is the leader of a ten-year struggle to preserve Kahn’s work in Ewing and literally wrote the book on Kahn and the Bath House (Louis I. Kahn’s Trenton Jewish Community Center, Princeton Architectural Press, 2000). Design of the JCC was the first major project of Kahn’s private practice. He acknowledged this work as inspiring a fundamental and profound shift in his architectural thinking. Kahn “discovered himself” after designing this project, considering the Trenton Bath House as his first opportunity to work out the concept of served and serving spaces. The archi- tectural fundamentals he discovered is Exterior, Trenton Bath House, recognizable in every building he designed subsequently. Trenton, NJ Kahn’s Bath House and pool (1955) and four Day Camp pavilions (photo: Susan Solomon) (1957) have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places and protected by a Ewing preservation ordinance since 1984. Due to extensive deterioration of the Day Camp pavilions, the JCC sought approval for the demolition of two of the four pavilions in 1966 but withdrew the request when the preservation community strongly objected. Although the Day Camp pavilions were not demolished, wooden barricades and wire fencing were erected to prevent access; deterioration accelerated. For the last ten years, Susan Solomon has rallied world-wide support for the preservation of the landmark site. She promoted the buildings’ continued use by inviting supporters to imagine what each

cont’d on pg. 7 NATIONAL NEWS | fall 2006 ARTICLES DOCOMOMO NEWS 10 Compromise Reached to Save Saarinen’s Bell Labs Building 1 Solomon’s Success: 2 Welcome by Flora Chou Trenton Bath House to be Saved by Peter Anderson 3 Chapter News 10 Rapson Library Faces New York/Tri-State Uncertain Future 2 Kahn’s Yale Art Gallery Unveiled Georgia by Greg Frenzel by Leslie Myers, AIA Chicago Western Washington 11 Paul Rudolph’s Riverview 3 Status Report on Proposed New England High School Still Threatened Changes to The Salk Institute by Toni DiMaggio by Jeffrey Shorn and Vonn Marie May ANNOUNCEMENTS 11 Raymond House in Belmont, MA Demolished 4 Sherebanglanagar and the 8 2006: IXth International by Toni DiMaggio National Assembly at DOCOMOMO Conference: Dhaka, Bangladesh Istanbul/Ankara, Turkey by Saif Ul Haque by Theodore Prudon

5 A Personal Encounter with Kahn’s 8 DOCOMOMO US Indian Institute of Management Technology Seminar, Fall 2007 by Valeria Koukoutsi-Mazarakis by Theodore Prudon

6 The Lous I. Kahn Collection 9 2008: Xth International DOCOMOMO US by Julia Moore Converse and DOCOMOMO Conference: William Whitaker Delft/Rotterdam, The Netherlands Email: [email protected] by Toni DiMaggio Mail: PO Box 230977 New York, NY 10023 9 Update on SOM Buildings at Great Lakes Naval Station www.docomomo-us.org by Lisa DiChiera Welcome Kahn’s Yale University Art Gallery Unveiled

DOCOMOMO US is part of the larger international network of visible to all as clouded glass. This façade could ale University and the Art Gallery’s 12-year not be expected to survive through conservation DOCOMOMO International, which Y commitment to revitalizing Louis I. Kahn’s 1953 alone. as of the last International museum will be celebrated on December 10th, Signifying continuous unbounded space, this Conference in September of this 2006. What started as a replacement of clouded typically modernist façade presents a field of year in Turkey, has some 54 glazing became a comprehensive project to window bays of identical design. However, the countries represented. That restore the museum to the architect’s design, bays as built are not uniform, a fact at odds with international dimension and the re-program its spaces, and re-engineer its non- the standardization of the modern machine. The successful preservation of the structural systems for twenty-first century use. original wall was neither plumb nor square, and so-called Trenton Bath House The renovation has been rigorously guided by the original builders had to custom cut and fit the designed by Louis Kahn inspired Polshek Partnership Architects, Yale University individual steel pieces of the façade’s frame in Construction & Renovation Facilities, and the Yale us to look at the preservation of order to align it with the uneven concrete struc- Art Gallery. his work not just in the US but ture, which was far from co-planar by today’s The Yale University Art Gallery, Kahn’s first construction standards. The renovation team’s also elsewhere in the world and large-scale institutional commission, is often dis- re-engineered frame (detailed to match the profile make it the subject of this issue of missed to the degree that it does not prefigure of the original) was made through computer-aided our national newsletter. We will the architect’s mature projects. Kahn’s disappoint- fabrication and design, so its tolerance of error is continue to do occasionally issues ment with the interior changes wrought by gallery measured in millimeters. For a truly plumb that center around a theme or staff post-occupancy is legendary. He vowed replacement installation, the tradesmen began at subject be it a building type or the work of a particular architect. This fall issue is the second newsletter that we will largely distribute electronically and post on our website. This change is part of a larger strategic move to increase our advocacy and make it more effective and accessible. This summer we used our web- site as a ’forum’, the place where opinions and letters with regard to the renovation of the Alvar Aalto designed Woodberry Poetry Pre-renovation interior walls, Yale Art Gallery, 1972 Restored open plan, Yale Art Gallery Room located in Harvard (photo: Archives, Yale University Art Gallery) (photo: Elizabeth Felicella, ©2006 Yale University Art Gallery) University’s library could be never again to provide a modernist open plan for the concrete face farthest outboard and, moving posted and read. Because this clients and occupants to manipulate with conven- inward, crafted customized connections between experiment was well received and tional, nostalgic room divisions. In his later build- the frame and the irregular column and slab proved to be effective advocacy, ings, such as the Yale British Art Center across structure. we will take on other issues in the street, the room, radically re-thought, controls Whether because standard building practice the future. Kahn’s interior plan. mid-century was a poor match for the modernist Finally, with mid-century Kahn’s disappointment aside, the Yale Art ideal, or whether the architect chose to leave the modernism becoming the Gallery re-defined museum building typology for tradesmen’s decisions visible, the Art Gallery has buzzword for the preserving the the second half of the twentieth century, creating a fascinating relationship between what was from industrial materials an idealized, open space post World War II heritage, we drawn by Kahn versus what was built. While for viewing art. Only recently has cultural studies are continuing to add chapters to smooth, impersonal metal formwork was available challenged the presumption of art-space’s neutrali- for the tetrahedral ceiling pours, Kahn chose our network. This geographic ty, and the expressive possibilities of industrial smaller wood boards for the column and beam growth—locally, nationally and materials continue to be inventively explored by formwork. The fossil-like imprint of the wood internationally— and its diverse many museum architects. Because of the build- grain on the columns, the imperfect air entrain- membership is what makes ing’s architectural progeny, its experimental mid- ment in the pours, and the tracings of formwork DOCOMOMO unique among century modernism, and its unique place in Kahn’s seams all corroborate in the building’s personal, volunteer preservation organ- career, the renovation team was committed to even intimate, manipulation of the massive build- izations but can only be revealing the original architectural features—open ing material. Atypical of industrial building, the accomplished by your support. plan, industrial materials, and the electrical, mini-block designed by Kahn is about the size of lighting and HVAC services running through the a human hand, and often cited as a source of the tetrahedral ceiling voids. — Theodore Prudon Art Gallery’s surprising humanism. Some Kahn experiments, while prescient President After the Yale Art Gallery, Kahn not only architecturally, created problems for the building’s abandoned the modernist open plan, his building DOCOMOMO US longevity. Although not a true curtain wall, the vocabulary evolved considerably. However, the window wall along York Street was one of the absence of fussy ornament, a hallmark of previous century’s early attempts at continuous modernism, remained essential to Kahn through- double-paned glazing across a multi-storey façade. out his career. But lacking sufficient expansion joints (a design oversight), the window wall failed decades ago— —Leslie Myers, AIA DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 2 Chapter News Status Report on Proposed Changes to the Salk Institute NEW YORK/TRI-STATE Simultaneously, as the National Register ouis Kahn completed the Salk Institute for report was being prepared and subsequently Following well-attended summer L Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, in 1965. reviewed by the Keeper, the Salk Institute was tours of Edward Durell Stone’s His collaboration with Jonas Salk led to a project processing a required Coastal Development University of Albany Campus and that was the culmination of his study and interest Permit with the City of San Diego, where Wallace Harrison’s Albany in “meaningful order,” light, nature, and the La Jolla is located. The permit is now in the last Government Center, and a human scale. Originally conceived of in three phase of community input and design review. Midtown modern landscape tour, parts—laboratories on the bluff overlooking the The Salk Institute could be entitled to build up to DOCOMOMO US/New York Tri- Pacific Ocean, residences and a meeting house 500,000 square feet of laboratories and support State organized a tour, Antonin further down towards the ocean—the laboratories space on the 26.75-acre site. Since much of the Raymond and His Circle, on were the only element built by Kahn. westerly portion of the site is designated open Saturday, September 16th in Amidst conflict, an addition was completed in space and canyon areas, any future expansion is New Hope and Philadelphia, 1995-96 by Los Angeles firm Anshen & Allen, now planned for the north and south mesas, on chosen by Jonas Salk because several partners land immediately north of the original Kahn lab Pennsylvania, to view the exhibi- buildings, and to the east, tion, “Crafting a Modern past the Anshen & Allen World: The Architecture and addition. Design of Antonin and Noemi The current expansion Raymond” at the Meyerson plans prepared by NBBJ are Galleries at the University of considered a master plan Pennsylvania School of Design. for entitlement purposes. First, the group went to New The Institute is required to Hope to visit the Raymond farm develop Design Guidelines and the nearby workshop com- as part of the entitlement process. The Salk Institute plex of Raymond’s close collabo- has presented the master rator, architect, and noted furni- plan and guidelines to a ture designer, George variety of citizens groups Nakashima. Nakashima’s including community plan- daughter, Mira Nakashima, led a ning groups, local architec- tour of the well-preserved tural committees and complex of modernist buildings preservation organizations. where Nakashima’s designs are The current plans vary still hand crafted. The tour went Iconic courtyard, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA from the original Salk/Kahn on to the picturesque Raymond (photo: Jeffrey Shorn) tripartite scheme primarily in farm, highlighted by a historic function for the proposed had previously worked for Kahn. The main expansion and in site placement for buildings. Part farmhouse that Antonin and argument against the Anshen & Allen addition of the permit involves a lot split that would yield Noemi renovated for their studio included the loss of the infinite axis of the iconic four separate legal parcels. and residence. The DOCOMOMO courtyard as a powerful architectural gesture, the In the original Kahn scheme residences were group enjoyed hearing the razing of a grove of eucalyptus trees, and the proposed for the south mesa; today the Institute reminiscences of the Raymond’s materials chosen for the addition, which have a is proposing a day care center and 24 residences. son, Claude, who met them at sleek, corporate feel in contrast to the humble Current designs locate the day care center the site. materials chosen by Kahn for the original recessed into the ground with the residences The tour continued in laboratories. further to the west. Kahn originally planned for the Philadelphia with a gallery tour Today, another situation has arisen over the Meeting House on the north mesa. The current led by William Whitaker, curator site. Here is a brief update on the status of the plans for the north mesa are not developed and National Register designation of the Salk Institute for entitlement purposes show block footprints of the Architectural Archives at for Biological Studies and the current master plan, and block elevations. Images used during commu- the University of Pennsylvania, which is under development. nity presentations show these north mesa mass- and one of five curators of the California’s State Historical Resources ing blocks visible as one moves westerly through Raymond exhibition. Commission (SHRC) voted in late summer 2005 the original Kahn courtyard. It is debatable Afterwards, a reception was held to forward the National Register nomination whether the day care center and residences on in the Architectural Archives at prepared by Professor Jeffrey D. Shorn, architect, the south mesa will be visible from the courtyard. the Frank Furness Building. and landscape historian Vonn Marie May to the The Salk Institute is planning for an under- The Raymond exhibition will Keeper of the Register at the National Park ground parking garage stretching along the north travel in January 2007 to the Service. The nomination is for the entire Salk boundary, from the original lab buildings to the University Art Museum, Institute site, including the iconic modernist north mesa. The master plan also calls for an University of California, Santa laboratory buildings and specific component underground lab building on the north side of the landscapes contemporaneous to the Kahn piece. original Kahn lab buildings. Barbara, California and then to As the Salk Institute did not agree with the entire The most controversial structure of the the Museum of Modern Art, site being designated as an historical resource, proposed master plan is a new three-hundred-foot Kamakura, Japan, in Fall 2007. the site will be listed on the National Register long, uninterrupted, two-story structure along the as “eligible”. entire east side of the site. This massive structure cont’d on pg. 5

DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 3 Chapter News Sherbanglanagar and the National Assembly at Dhaka, Bangladesh Other recent DOCOMOMO- US/New York Tri-State activities Building in 1983. The construction in general fol- lowed Kahn’s designs and the authorities received include the publication of another ituated in the city of Dhaka, the capital of the S them enthusiastically. On one occasion immedi- edition of its newsletter featuring deltaic country of Bangladesh, is one of the archi- ately after independence, the Public Works activities and programs in the tectural marvels of the twentieth century: the National Assembly Building. Designed by one of Department (PWD), which was the executing region. the leading architects of the modern era, Louis agency of the government, had constructed the The chapter continues its ori- Isadore Kahn (1901-1974), the Assembly Building prime minister’s residence based on a design entation series and active recruit- is part of a larger capital complex known as prepared by them and without Kahn’s knowledge. ment of volunteer researchers Sherebanglanagar. After being commissioned in Though he did not allow this instance to affect for fiches for the international 1962 by the then-government of Pakistan (and his relations with PWD adversely, he exacted a register. known at this time as the Second Capital Project), promise from the authorities that no other building Louis Kahn continued to work on this project until would be erected on the capital site without his —Nina Rappaport his death, while the eastern part of Pakistan had prior approval. already emerged as the new country of The death of Kahn in 1974, as well as Bangladesh. changed political circumstances after 1975, did Laid out over an area of six hundred acres, the not have an immediate affect on the work. GEORGIA design of the master plan of Sherebanglanagar However, over the years the reverence given to and the Assembly Building embody fundamental Louis Kahn and his design has waned. Wanton Modern Living/Living Modern: issues related to architecture and human institu- construction work within various parts of the October 6-7, 2006 tions. The master plan was conceived and devel- master plan and insensitive transformations of the oped with the idea of two distinct sectors along a buildings remain major concerns with respect to The Georgia Chapter’s Modern Living/Living Modern event, October 6-7th, was an overwhelm- ing success, far exceeding the committee’s expectations, and is indicative of the growing public interest in modern design. The event certainly met its goal of educating the public about mod- ern housing in Atlanta—while raising awareness of DOCOMOMO’s documentation and conservation efforts. Originally conceived as a small tour of a few modern homes, the event grew to include a panel discussion and eight home tours throughout the metropolitan area. Friday evening, the Design Recent construction around the National Assembly Building (visible in background), Dhaka, Bangladesh (photo: Saif Ul Haque) Within Reach Atlanta Studio hosted a reception and panel north-south axis; one, the assembly sector, and the proper preservation of this masterly work. discussion including: Cecil the other the sector of institutions. The focal point The most recent instance is the construction of Alexander, FAIA, designer of the of the assembly zone is the Assembly Building two residences within close proximity to the Alexander/Pound residence itself, a monumental concrete structure set on a Assembly Building in spite of major public outcry over them. Even a court battle over this could not (1957); Theodore Pound, large body of water surrounded by plazas, gar- deter the authorities from going ahead with the present-day owner of the dens, and hostels for ministers, secretaries, and construction. The only way to safeguard this Alexander Residence; Stanley parliament members. The plan of the Assembly is a centralized one, with the assembly chamber in architectural treasure from such mutilation is by Daniels, FAIA, of Jova Daniels the center ringed by an ambulatory space with bestowing it with a status of a special landmark Busby, a member of the design offices, meeting rooms, and various other func- by the government of Bangladesh and having its team responsible for Colony tions on the outer periphery of the ring. upkeep advised and monitored by a specially Square; and Sabir Khan of The actual construction commenced in 1964 constituted body of experts. The legal verdict Georgia Tech and Cottle Khan but was disrupted during Bangladesh’s war of has already put forward this opinion, but it Architects, a resident of Colony independence in 1971. The work resumed soon remains to be implemented by the government. Square. Moderated by David after the war, when a new contract between the Green, AIA, of Lord Aeck Sargent, government of Bangladesh and the architect was —Saif Ul Haque the discussion led from designers’ signed. Kahn received an enlarged brief with an reminiscences of original design immediate task of designing a Secretariat building for the new country. Preliminary designs were work to the homeowners’ completed before his death in 1974 but Kahn was observations, and eventually to a not able to see the completion of the Assembly

DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 4 Chapter News A Personal Encounter with Kahn’s Indian Institute of Management discussion of larger questions regarding modern planning and When I visited the complex in 1991, walking through the main courtyard, I felt I was walking design. The audience sat In 1962, Indian architect Balkrishna Doshi—who I through the open courtyards of the Red Fort in transfixed for almost an hour, had worked with Le Corbusier in his Paris office Delhi or Fatehpur Sikri; walking through the sys- and responded during a question- from 1951 to 1955 on his projects in India—invit- ed Louis Kahn tem of arched passages into the smaller court- and-answer session later in the to design the yards of the dormitory units and crossing paths evening. building for with students, it brought back a sense of commu- On Saturday’s tour the range the Indian nity and life around the courtyard. But it was really of Atlanta’s modern housing was Institute of in the interstitial spaces of the double exterior well represented, with a variety of Management walls and verandahs that Kahn had captured the sophisticated ranch homes in the (IIM) in Indian psyche and its complete spiritual and Northcrest neighborhood; homes Ahmedabad, pragmatic dependence on the effects of the sun. in the southeast’s first coopera- India. Built I dare say that in the big openings, piercing the walls to capture the glare of the sun against the tive, Briar Hills; two homes in between 1962 background of another wall, Kahn had captured Atlanta’s brutalist landmark, Front view, Indian Institute of and 1974, the Management, complex sits the essence of the layered stony screens of the Colony Square; and the nationally Ahmedabad, India, 1991 on a 60-acre Adalaj Well or of the gradual transformation of significant Alexander Residence, (photo: Valeria Koukoutsi-Mazarakis) campus. It is spaces through the control of light and proces- recently documented by the comprised of a main building with teaching areas, sional movement at the Sun Temple in Modhera. Georgia Chapter for the a library and faculty offices around the main court- Seen under this light, one cannot only talk DOCOMOMO Register. yard, separate dormitory units for the students about what Kahn offered to India but really about that are interconnected with a series of arched how India, its people, and its old architectures passages, and houses for the faculty and staff. ignited Kahn’s spiritual quests in architecture. Kahn’s presence in the 1960s signals a turning Robert McCarter’s description of the design point in contemporary architecture in post-inde- changes since the early phases of the project (in pendent India, whose course had been dominated his 2005 book Louis I. Kahn) becomes testimony for more than a decade by Le Corbusier’s brutalist of how the project was transformed as Kahn architecture. When designing the school, Kahn became more aware and involved with India’s put into question how and where people learn. cultural and architectural past. As such, the IIM Learning was not happening strictly in class- should be treated not only as Indian patrimony, rooms, but in the corridors and the spaces in but also as world patrimony of an exemplary architectural oeuvre of the 1960s. Colony Square, Atlanta, GA between as well. It is in his uncompromising (photo: courtesy of DOCOMOMO/GA) approach to rethinking the fundamentals of architecture that young Indian architects found in —Valeria Koukoutsi-Mazarakis The tour offered a glimpse into Kahn. Through his massive yet austere brick three types of homes in the forms, Kahn offered these architects a spiritual (Editor’s Note: Kahn’s Indian Institute of Management is currently occupied. In later issues 1950’s-60s Northcrest experience that made them believe they could we will be publishing articles relating to the subdivision, a single level home effectively build the new nation and achieve a balance between modernity and tradition. current condition and use of this building.) furnished with a collection of mid- century modern furniture and accessories, an exceptionally intact split level home with “Hollywood” bath, and a large Salk Institute cont’d from pg. 3 butterfly and-a-half split level. At the modern-style Briar Hills would effectively block any remaining view of the Cooperative, a townhouse and courtyard and the ocean from the street, sealing flat were open, both with collec- off the site from the public and forever negating tions of mid-century furniture, art, Kahn’s inspired design narrative of “sky,” “light,” and “air.” and accessories. The complex This structure, along with the day care facility sectional arrangement of the on the south, may be among the first to be con- Colony Square residential towers, structed and have generated the most criticism reminiscent of Le Corbusier’s from local groups and public bodies. In response mid-century apartment blocks, to numerous comments received at community Kahn’s original lab buildings, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA (photo: Jeffrey Shorn) were revealed through visits to meetings, including those with the City of San townhouse and flat types—the flat Diego Historic Resources Board Design Advisory competition. Whatever is ultimately built on the a recipient of a 2005 AIA Georgia Committee, the Salk Institute is considering a site should absolutely continue the scientific Honor Award for Residential possible redesign of the east structure. legacy of Dr. Jonas Salk, but conversely, should Design. It is clear in advocating for the Kahn/Salk not be at the expense of the brilliant master The most popular home on the legacy manifested at this architectural pilgrimage Louis I. Kahn. It would not seem right to pit site that preservationists have not been able to tour was the Alexander/Pound these two American giants against each other affect a level of reverence that would satisfy or posthumously. Residence . A recent renovation work within tremendous development pressure. The process aches for an international design —Jeffrey Shorn and Vonn Marie May DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 5 Chapter News The Louis I. Kahn Collection project manages to preserve the remarkable aspects of this round home—its interior court, expan- sive views of its wooded site, and use of materials. Tour-goers were hosted by the homeowners and Busman Studios, while those visiting the home in the afternoon were able to meet Cecil Alexander, FAIA, original designer of the home.

Alexander/Pound Residence, Atlanta, GA (photo: Thomas F. Little) Louis I. Kahn Collection, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Over 200 tickets were distrib- (photo: Matt Wargo) uted for the tour, and at least 150 visited Colony Square and the Alexander/Pound Residence. Key The Louis I. Kahn Collection records the life The extent of the Kahn Collection’s resources was staggering, including nearly 6,500 sketches to successful ticket sales were the work of an architect whose significance is only now being fully realized. It has been the center of by Kahn, 30,000 office drawings, his sketchbooks event sponsors, each promoting scholarly activity in the preparation of numerous and notebooks, more than 12,000 photographs, the event through ticket sales or exhibitions and publications and a significant 100 models, and 150 boxes of correspondence individual promotion: Design resource in the preservation of the architect’s built and project files. The Archives’ facility includes Within Reach, Uri Vaknin/The Art works. the Kroiz Gallery of the Louis I. Kahn Collection, of Real Estate, The Office of Jack Kahn died unexpectedly on March 17, 1974, a specialized library, reading room, and seminar Pyburn, Busman Studios, Cindi in New York’s Pennsylvania Station. It was soon room, as well as storage and processing facilities. Sokol Realtor, City Issue, Victory ascertained that his estate was, in fact, several Stewardship of the Kahn Collection is a top priori- Vintage Home, and Surber Barber hundred thousand dollars in debt. His family and ty, and numerous grant-funded projects, including Choate & Hertlein Architects. colleagues were left with the agonizing decision a Save America’s Treasures grant, are helping to that the assets of the firm would have to be liqui- preserve these resources for generations to dated in order to settle the estate. Fearful that the come. archives would be dispersed among diverse col- While the Architectural Archives at UPenn From Tourist Cabin to Early lections, a group of Kahn’s supporters formed a gained its international reputation through the Motel: Accommodating the non-profit organization dedicated to preserving the Louis I. Kahn Collection, it has since grown to Traveling Motorist in Atlanta, archives in their entirety. The foundation was led preserve the works of more than 400 designers June 28, 2006 by a distinguished board of directors and a group from the 18th century to the present. Now one of sponsors that included Edward Larrabee of the largest repositories of its type, the Over 60 DOCOMOMO members Barnes, Lewis B. Davis, Balkrishna Doshi, Architectural Archives strives to raise awareness and supporters attended the Buckminster Fuller, Bruce Graham, Ada Louise of the importance of preserving architectural Georgia Chapter’s 2006 meeting, Huxtable, Philip Johnson, Samuel Maitin, I.M. Pei, records and making them available, as Kahn and enjoyed a “southern style” Jonas Salk, Vincent Scully, and Kenzo Tange. The himself had wished, to “students of all ages and degrees.” dinner at an Atlanta institution - foundation approached the Pennsylvania state legislature and proposed that the state purchase the Colonnade Restaurant. the Kahn papers on behalf of the Pennsylvania The Architectural Archives of the Speaking at the meeting, Robert Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC), University of Pennsylvania M. Craig, PhD, presented a which was approved by a single vote in 1975. 220 South 34th Street fascinating overview of Atlanta’s The PHMC agreed to place the Louis I. Kahn Philadelphia, PA 19104-6311 accommodation of the automobile Collection on permanent loan to the Architectural (215) 898-8323 traveler, accompanied by a Archives of the University of Pennsylvania, Kahn’s Hours: Weekdays, 10-5 collection of images of early auto alma mater. The university was considered the http://www.design.upenn.edu/archives courts to more recent motels. appropriate repository for this collection not only because Kahn taught at Penn, but also because —Julia Moore Converse and William Whitaker he had designed the Richards Medical Research Building (1957-60) for the campus. DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 6 Chapter News Trenton Bath House to be Saved (cont’d from pg 1)

The event was a great success, offering an opportunity for a would do, “If I Owned the Trenton Bath House.” ownership of the Their suggestions were subsequently the focus of Bath House and Day summary of the past year’s an exhibit in 1998 in Art’s Garage, an auto repair Camp structures, for accomplishments, plans for the shop/art gallery. The exhibit, still hanging there, a sale price of $7.7 coming year, and “modern” includes diverse suggestions submitted by such million. Funds for the discussion long after the conclu- American luminaries as Peter Eisenman, Robert purchase are to be sion of the program. Venturi, and landscape superstar Ken Smith. obtained under New In 2000, the JCC received a grant from the Jersey’s Green Acres —Thomas Little Garden State Historic Preservation Trust Fund to program for open undertake a historic site management study of the space acquisition property. The report, produced by architectural administered by the CHICAGO firm Ford, Farewell, Mills & Gatsch, was present- Garden State ed in 2003 and estimated that the cost to repair Preservation Trust. the Bath House would be $486,000 with an The land will be In addition to working on our additional $400,000 required to restore the four reserved for passive soon-to-be-unveiled website, Typical water damage, Day Camp pavilions. Four years later, these costs Trenton Bath House, recreation and DOCOMOMO US/Chicago has may have grown to over $1 million. Senior partner Trenton, NJ (although owned by been focusing on local preserva- Michael Mills has commented that, “A major (photo: Susan Solomon) the county) the Kahn tion advocacy. In a call to arms buildings will be initiated by Landmarks Illinois, operated by Ewing DOCOMOMO US/Chicago issued Township as a an advocacy alert and helped to community pool and garner letters of support during local recreation the public comment period facility. Funds for the pool operation and for against the proposed demolition insurance have not of two modern landmarks at the been identified, but Great Lakes Naval Base in North the county will be Chicago. DOCOMOMO US/ responsible for the Chicago was also included as a restoration and consulting party to the Section maintenance of the 106 review process and participat- historic structures. ed in numerous meetings and The county hopes conference calls to advocate for that money for this re-use of the Hostess House/ work can be obtained Building #42 (designed by SOM’s through private donations and state Gordon Bunshaft in 1942) and the aid. Gunners’ Mates School/Building Central atrium, Trenton Bath House, Trenton, NJ In her message #521(designed by SOM’s Bruce (photo: Theodore Prudon) addressing the Graham in 1952-54). The Navy “happy ending to the has postponed demolition and is issue with the Bath House is that it was con- Bath House saga,” Solomon paid tribute to all reviewing possible schemes for structed of very standard, inexpensive materials those who had diligently worked over the years to adaptive use. See the article by of the time.” help save Kahn’s buildings. “I am delighted with Landmarks Illinois’ Lisa DiChiera In 2004 the JCC announced plans to sell the the total outcome. There is no question that this in this newsletter. property and relocate to a larger site. For preser- ideal resolution reflects the swift, focused, and We have also lent our advoca- vationists, the critical concern became what kind eloquent messages that you sent. You have of care a new owner would provide for the Bath shown what happens when people feel passion- cy support to significant modern House and pavilions. It was feared that the Bath ately about a building and take time to express works that have been threatened House might fall victim to demolition by neglect, their concerns.” by the endemic tear-down pres- similar to the threat faced by the Day Camp build- Under new ownership and facing a different sures in the region. Some of these ings due to failed maintenance. agenda, the fate of the landmark structures will works include residences such as Last February, before placing the existing soon be in the hands of politicians and profession- the 1961 Louis Ancel house in property on the market, the JCC initiated discus- al consultants. The fundamental question remains: Glencoe, Illinois, designed by sions with Mercer County for the property to be How should Kahn’s design intentions for the JCC Edward Dart, and the Frueh purchased under New Jersey’s Green Acres Open be preserved? The debate will now be held in the House in Highland Park, Illinois, Space preservation program. court of public opinion. A suitable answer will be designed by Robert Bruce Tague In Andrew Kitchenman’s The Times of Trenton anything but simple—the determination of what is in 1948. article on August 11, 2006, the details of agree- an appropriate preservation intervention. ment to save the Bath House were made public and included plans for Ewing Township to acquire —Peter Anderson —Lynette Stuhlmacher the existing Community Center Building (designed by Kelly and Gruzen, architects, 1961) for use as a senior center. Mercer County is to take posses- sion of the remaining 36 acres, including

DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 7 Chapter News Announcements 2006: IXth At the Council Meeting, which consisted of repre- WESTERN WASHINGTON International sentatives from all the recognized working parties in good standing, the International Secretariat, and Using its new website, DOCOMOMO the various International Scientific Committees, DOCOMOMO/WEWA has Conference, presented their activities over the previous two launched several advocacy efforts Turkey years along with plans for the next two. In addi- in Western Washington: tion, several new working parties were recognized http://www.docomomo- The IXth International and admitted to the Council, including Malta, Cyprus, and Columbia, bringing the total number wewa.org/endangered.php Conference, which took place in Turkey at the of member countries to 54. Finally, the Council end of September, was, reviewed the proposals submitted by the In the state capitol, Olympia, the IXth International for the first time, held in Japanese and the Dutch working parties for host- government could dramatically DOCOMOMO Conference, two different cities: a ing the Xth International Conference in 2008. With alter the capitol campus’s modern Ankara, Turkey (photo: Flora Chou) workshop in Istanbul and a narrow margin the Council selected the Dutch legacy. The Department of the conference proper in proposal partially in recognition that the Xth General Administration (GA) Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Conference was a fitting time to return to the currently has plans to create an The workshop, which ran from September country where DOCOMOMO was founded. ambitious new Executive Office 18th to 25th was titled “How to Preserve a Plaza/Heritage Center. This would Housing Utopia: The Documentation and —Theodore Prudon call for the demolition of the 1956 Sustainability of Modern Heritage, Case Study: General Administration Building, Ataköy - Istanbul”. The location was selected which is eligible for individual because of its urban and architectural significance DOCOMOMO US listing on the National Register of as iconic examples of planning and architecture Technology Seminar, Fall 2007 of the 1950’s and 1960’s in Turkey. The need to Historic Places. A nomination has re-assess this significance in the context of Constructing Modernism: been submitted to the Modern Movement heritage motivated students Building Now and Then Washington State Department of and teachers from different countries who collab- Archaeology and Historic orated in the development of preservation plans In 2004 in conjunction with the VIIIth International Preservation. DOCOMOMO/ for Ataköy. The study identified the importance of DOCOMOMO Conference DOCOMOMO US WEWA has attended public the area and criteria for its conservation and organized its first Technology Seminar. In the fall meetings for the Executive Office developed plans and proposals which were of 2007 a second seminar will take place in New Plaza/Heritage Center project and subsequently presented at the conference. York City. The 2007 seminar will seek to address expressed its support of the After a formal opening reception at the and study the actual building process and how it nomination. Osmanli Bank in Istanbul, the entire conference has, and continues to, influence design and moved to Ankara to the Middle Eastern Technical The Washington State Library preservation. Many of the decisions that affect University. Here from September 27th through the final appearance and use of a building are Building (Joel M. Pritchard 29th papers and roundtable discussions centered made in regards to the constructability and effi- Building), located on the State on the theme "Other Modernisms" where the par- ciency of the design, construction detail, and the Capitol Campus south of the ticipants engaged in a wide range of discussions equipment and tools available. The presentations Legislative Building, was the last about what constituted modernism, modernity will not be limited solely to US subjects. monumental building to be added The program will consist of a series of invited to the campus. The Washington presentations addressing the evolution of the con- State Library Historic Structures struction process and its tools in the last hundred Report, prepared for GA in years and how it has shaped modern architecture. October, 2002, cited the Library Because of the small format of the seminar, a Building as “…among the most series of shorter presentations and roundtable dis- important regional archetypes of cussions will be organized. No particular New York City venue has as yet been selected but is likely mid-century architectural design to be in the midtown area. and thought.” The prominence of The seminar will take place around the middle architect Paul Thiry anchors the of October 2007. Specific dates are to be building firmly in the history of announced to assure that they do not conflict with Pacific Northwest post-war devel- Attendees at the DOCOMOMO Conference, similar events elsewhere. The seminars will be opment. DOCOMOMO/WEWA has Ankara, Turkey (photo: Flora Chou) sponsored by DOCOMOMO US, ISC Technology, been concerned about the propos- DOCOMOMO International, and other sponsors als to reuse and enlarge the and Modern Movement. The conference culminat- forthcoming. Continuing Education Units (CEU’s) building because none of the ed in a somewhat impromptu final session will be made available. dramatically punctuated by a massive thunder- alternatives appear sensitive to storm where principles and origins of DOCOMO- —Theodore Prudon the original library building and MO were reasserted and changes in conference do not meet the Secretary of the format and content were suggested. While the Interior’s Standards for need for a theoretical basis and discussion was Rehabilitation. DOCOMOMO/ recognized, the lack of a discussion about actual WEWA and representatives from preservation examples was decried. The confer- the Washington Trust for Historic ence concluded with a final party at the recently restored modern residence of the Dutch ambassador. DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 8 Chapter News Announcements 2008: Xth International and the 1952-54 Gunners’ Mates School (Building Preservation and the National DOCOMOMO Conference: #521) by Bruce Graham—a reprieve from the Trust for Historic Preservation’s demolition that was planned for September 2006. Western Regional Office have met Delft/Rotterdam, The Netherlands After multiple meetings and negotiations between with a representative from GA to “The Challenge of Change: Dealing with the Navy officials and the Illinois state historic preser- discuss the project and have spo- Legacy of the Modern Movement” vation office, with consulting parties to a Section ken at public meetings. 106 process that included DOCOMOMO Chicago, The self-parking garage, built Landmarks Illinois, the National Trust for Historic Preservation Midwest Office, the Mies van der in 1959 to accommodate the Bon Rohe Society and the federal level Advisory Marché Department Store, was Council, new uses have been proposed for the unique for its circular ramp buildings. design. At the time, only one At Landmarks Illinois’ request, the Chicago other existed in the country—a office of SOM prepared pro-bono a comprehen- garage of similar design in San sive re-use proposal with cost estimates that Francisco, built in 1955 by the proved competitive to demolition and new con- same company. This summer, struction. Navy officials are now evaluating fund- representatives from DOCOMO- ing opportunities to carry out the proposal, spear- MO/WEWA met with the new headed by an SOM team including Associate Partner Jason Stanley, and Partners Jeff McCarthy owners and their architect to and Phil Enquist, that demonstrated the opportuni- discuss plans for the garage. The Xth International DOCOMOMO Conference, “The Challenge of Change: Dealing with the ty to re-use the Gunners’ Mates building as an DOCOMOMO/WEWA was pleased officers’ club and food concessions venue using to hear that there are no longer Legacy of the Modern Movement,” will be hosted by the Dutch Working Party at the Delft University sustainable design and a technologically advanced plans to permanently alter the of Technology (TU Delft) and the Van Nelle factory double skin solution to maintain the historic exteri- facade by making it appear as a in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, with dates or glass walls. Noted preservation architect John traditional building with punched tentatively set for October 8-10, 2008, for the Vinci, representing the Mies van der Rohe windows. However, the project conference and October 11-12 for post-confer- Society, designed a re-use plan for the Hostess developer is still considering a ence tours. House as a 10,000 sq foot museum that could screen for the facade. DOCOMO- The preliminary agenda for the three-day accommodate the Great Lakes Naval Museum, MO/WEWA is urging the develop- conference focuses on the meaningful preserva- which was in need of a new facility. The Hostess House’s construction date, 1942, was perceived er not to make any changes that tion of the modernist legacy. While the aesthetics of the modern movement may remain appealing, to fit perfectly with the museum’s collections, would compromise the integrity which largely focus on World War II. Represen- of the upper stories on the the movement itself has always focused on the future, “stressing its newness and innovative tatives of Landmarks Illinois and the National Trust exterior. character.” Now that these future-oriented build- with Vinci presented the proposal to the muse- DOCOMOMO/WEWA meets ings belong to our past, questions are raised um’s board in October, which unanimously voted each month, typically on the last regarding change, continuity, and conflicting to proceed with fundraising plans to utilize the Wednesday of the month, at dif- interests. Keynote speakers will be invited to Hostess House once lease arrangements were ferent locations in Seattle and the reflect on the sub-themes of Change and negotiated with Navy officials. Landmarks Illinois surrounding region. Please con- Continuity, Restructuring Cities and Landscapes, is contributing $5,000 toward design costs. tact [email protected] Testing Functionality and Flexibility, Education in Further contributions toward this renovation can be directed to Great Lakes Naval Museum for additional information. Transformation, and Technology and Ecology. There will be a pre-conference workshop for chairman Carl Ross ([email protected]). SOM provided additional assistance to this —Andrew Phillips students, from September 29 to October 7, when students and lecturers of the 50 or so member effort by supplying period photographs of both countries will work together on an assignment buildings by the noted architectural studio of associated with the theme of the conference. Hedrich Blessing and original plans from its DOCOMOMO US/New England The results of this workshop will be presented in archive. These resources have provided invaluable a theme session on “education in transformation” documentation of these important modern The fate of the modern house has at the conference. buildings. once again been at the forefront We will be updating further on the Xth —Lisa DiChiera of the activities of DOCOMOMO- DOCOMOMO Conference as information US/New England over the last becomes available. several months. NE helped to stimulate and —Toni DiMaggio inform an exhibition on the mod- ern houses of Cape Cod over the summer, and have been engaged Update on SOM Buildings at more actively by organizations Great Lakes Naval Station such as Historic New England (the stewards of the Gropius House) in The U.S. Navy gave two Skidmore, Owings & establishing future initiatives for Merrill designed buildings at Great Lakes Naval the documentation, preservation Base in North Chicago—the 1942 Gordon Gunners’ Mates School (Building 521), Bunshaft designed Hostess House (Building #42) Great Lakes Naval Station, IL (photo: Cody Wright) DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 9 Chapter News Announcements Compromise Reached to Save pond behind the Saarinen building. New housing and adaptive use of these Saarinen’s Bell Lab Building will be developed at the periphery of the site. resources. Although Citizens for Informed Land Use, the DOCOMOMO-US/New England coalition of Holmdel residents most active in pro- A revised proposal for the Bell Labs facility in viding input and feedback on the proposal plans, played a key role in what ulti- Holmdel, New Jersey released in August has originally opposed housing on the site, no major mately proved to a losing battle to been received by many in the scientific, preserva- opposition has arisen. This revised plan has been save the Rachel Raymond House tion, and architectural communities, as well as the well received by the many interested parties, but by Eleanor Raymond (Belmont, surrounding community of Holmdel, as an accept- concern over the new freestanding buildings that MA, 1931). This work, one of the able step in the redevelopment of the site and would occupy the site has been raised in the oldest and most significant mod- original building by Eero Saarinen. ern houses in New England, was purchased by the adjacent Belmont Hill School and taken down for “future unspecified development.” In the short weeks leading up to the demolition DOCOMOMO played a major role in the advocacy effort on the part of local and national preservation organizations and the Massachusetts Historical Commission to try to persuade the school to restore and make good use of the house. DOCOMO- MO wrote an editorial for the local Existing exterior, Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ Belmont Paper and contacted (photo: Roberta Kaufman) Boston Globe architecture critic preservation commu- Robert Campbell, who published Built in 1962 in rural New Jersey, the Bell Labs nity. The original vista two pieces in defense of the site is a prime example of the postwar corporate should not be house. See the article about the campus. Not only is Bell Labs an important destroyed by these example of Saarinen’s work, it was also the Raymond House in this additions, but the birthplace of many communication technologies newsletter. new construction will from touch-tone dialing to cellular telephones. The school based its justifica- be visible behind the After acquiring the facility (now home to a tion of the demolition on the find- Saarinen building. downsizing Lucent Technologies) earlier this year, ings of an architect who claimed This, along with the developer Preferred Real Estate Investments, Inc. proposal for the that it had been altered beyond (PREI) planned to demolish the existing building housing, has the recognition and had no historic and replace it with three stand-alone headquar- potential to diminish value—evidence disputed by ters-type buildings. The impracticality of renovat- the “pure and singu- many who have seen the house in ing the existing structure for current office purpos- lar aspects” of recent years. This effort and its es and the difficulty of attracting a single firm in Existing exterior, Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ Saarinen’s design. tragic outcome point up again the need of so much space were main reasons cited (photo: Roberta Kaufman) Both Preservation for the demolition. PREI intended to retain some need for broader efforts at educat- New Jersey and AIA elements of the original site, including the layout, ing owners, the public and the New Jersey are actively involved in this process. the landscaping by Dan Kiley and a transistor- real estate community on the DOCOMOMO US will provide updates as the shaped water tower designed by Saarinen. value and opportunity embodied plans move forward. However, due to public outcry from the various in these resources; and on the communities, including many noted scientists and —Flora Chou need to work more aggressively former Bell Labs employees, PREI has reconsid- with regulatory agencies at the ered their initial plans. The proposed solution local and state level to prevent retains the original 1961 Saarinen structure while this kind of uninformed, wanton stripping away the additions to the original build- Rapson Library Faces destruction. ing by Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo from the Uncertain Future mid-1960s and early-1980s. This new plan would —David Fixler preserve the original building’s relationship to the The Southeast Library in Minneapolis, Minnesota, central axis, water tower, water-reflecting pond, was designed by noted local architect Ralph and ring roads. The non-original exterior glass will Rapson in 1964 as a bank and converted into a be replaced with modern insulated glass, but the library in 1967 by the Minneapolis Public Library integrity of the pioneering exterior, as well as the (MPL). It is one of the few public Rapson build- vaulted atrium lobby, would be maintained. ings remaining in Minneapolis. Because of an In place of the demolished additions, the inadequate budget approved by the Minneapolis developer proposed two new, freestanding build- City Council, the MPL voted recently to close the ings that are to sit behind the original building. Southeast Library. These new buildings will encircle the existing Ralph Rapson’s distinguished career includes

DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 10 DOCOMOMO US Announcements building once the new proposed building has been Newsletter Staff completed. Charles Gwathmey visited Riverview High School on October 26th, with members of Editor the Save Riverview group, and had previously Toni DiMaggio written to the Sarasota School Board, urging them to reconsider their decision. Foster has also Assistant Editor written to the school, calling Rudolph “the single Flora Chou most formative force in [his] life.” The Save Riverview Group continues their Graphic Designer advocacy for this strikingly innovative building, Unjoo Noh which the Florida Trust for Historic Preservation Contributors has listed as one of the most endangered sites Peter Anderson in Florida for 2006. Visit Exterior, Ralph Rapson Building, Minneapolis, MN www.saveriverview.blogspot.com for regular Flora Chou (photo: Greg Frenzel) Julia Moore Converse updates of news coverage, events, and informa- Lisa DiChiera the embattled Guthrie Theater, numerous tion regarding this building. David Fixler American embassies, and university buildings at Greg Frenzel University of California, Santa Cruz and University —Toni DiMaggio Saif Ul Haque of Minnesota. He also instructed at MIT and held Valeria Koukoutsi-Mazarakis 30-year tenure as Dean of the School of Thomas F. Little Architecture at the University of Minnesota. Raymond House in Belmont, MA, Vonn Marie May Despite its monumental personality and brutalist Demolished! Leslie Myers nature, the Southeast Library maintains a Andrew Phillips connection to the street and remains an inviting, Theodore Prudon comfortable building. The former bank shows Nina Rappaport rare architectural skill, with its finely articulated Jeffrey Shorn concrete pediment and tapered cruciform con- Lynette Stuhlmacher William Whitaker crete columns with playful brick solids and voids. It is significant in a neighborhood dominated by Board Members timber frame houses and early to mid-century Theodore Prudon, President brick apartment buildings. The Southeast Library’s architecture and ease of use maintain its value in Jorge Otero-Pailos, Vice-President an age when even public buildings seem to maximize lot square footage and turn inward to Hélène Lipstadt, Secretary new electronic wisdom. The MPL’s budget shortfall has resulted in Mark Lee, Treasurer funding strategies such as permanently closing Demolition, Raymond House, Belmont, MA, 2006 three libraries, including Rapson’s Southeast (photo: Marilyn Fenoliosa, courtesy Arlene Levee) Laura Culberson branch, and leasing the properties to developers. Nmandi Elleh Recognizing the unpopularity of closing the The Rachel Raymond House in Belmont, MA, Nancy Levinson libraries, the mayor of Minneapolis has allocated Robert Meckfessel designed by Eleanor Raymond in 1931, has been funds to mothball the libraries properly for two demolished following its recent purchase by the Brendan D. Moran years in anticipation of more permanent budget Andrew Phillips Belmont Hill School. The School, which states fixes. Fortunately, the Southeast Library is not that it is committed to historic preservation (citing Jack Pyburn without its allies; vocal council member and Nina Rappaport the rescue and renovation of an 1840 Connecticut Rapson champion, Gary Schiff, and the Barry Solar Greek Revival church), said that an architectural Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission, Kazys Varnelis historian surveyed the property before they decid- are working actively to preserve the structure. ed to purchase it. The historic report, which has Corporate Members not been released by Belmont Hill School, is said Johnston Marklee & Associates —Greg Frenzel to conclude that the renovations over the past 40 Prudon & Partners years eradicated all the distinguishable features of Barry Solar the house. However, President of DOCOMOMO/ Paul Rudolph’s Riverview New England David Fixler, AIA, feels that, though Institutional Members High School Still Threatened the exterior was significantly altered, much of the Getty Research Institute essence of the house remained and it could have The Sarasota School Board’s 5-0 vote to demolish been restored. Paul Rudolph’s Riverview High School Building Cited as the first modern house in earlier this year is a stable threat, despite the Massachusetts by Architectural Forum in 1931, advocacy and requests of organizations such as Eleanor Raymond designed the house for her AIA Florida, the Save Riverview Group, and The sister Rachel after visiting the Bauhaus in 1930. Twentieth Century Society, as well as architects A signature work of Raymond’s, the demolition of including Lord Norman Foster and Charles this regionally appropriate contempoary residence Gwathmey. is unfortunate. Citing maintenance and safety issues, the school plans to demolish the 1958 Rudolph —Toni DiMaggio

DOCOMOMO US/FALL 2006 11

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