Bunshaft House Threatened

There are buildings we simply cannot afford to lose, and the Gordon and Nina Bunshaft House in East Hampton, NY, 1961–1962, is one of them. The Town of East Hampton would commit a grave error if it did not step in immediately to forestall impending demoli- tion by its new owner Donald Maharam who recently purchased the house from . Maharam claims that Stewart sold him the house in a state of disrepair and he has no choice but to demolish it. The supreme irony here is that Maharam is a member of a family whose business, Maharam Textiles, produces many products of mid-century Modern design; the company’s “Textiles of the Twentieth Century” collection features designs by contemporaries of Bunshaft such as Charles and Ray Eames, Alexander Girard, and Verner Panton. (Editor‘s Note: Panton’s work is currently on display at the AXA Gallery in City—see “Exhibits” section.) As recently as 2000, the Eames Office partnered with Maharam Textiles to create a line of fabrics based on the Bunshaft House, 1961-1962, designs of the Eames brothers. in its current condition. This all makes it difficult to understand why Mr. Maharam would (photo: Caroline Rob Zaleski) not restore the Bunshaft House, a masterpiece of mid-century Modernist design, and become an instant hero instead of a villain. The Nina and Gordon Bunshaft house is one of the great Modern houses in . It faces Georgica Pond and was designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. The is well know for individual landmarks such as , 1952; the Manufacturers’ Company Branch, 1954; and the Pepsi Cola Company Headquarters, 1960; as well cont’d on p. 5

NATIONAL NEWS | summer 2005 ARTICLES DOCOMOMO NEWS UPCOMING CONFERENCES

1 Bunshaft House Threatened 2 Welcome How to Preserve a Modern Utopia: by Françoise Bollack The Documentation and Sustainability 3 Chapter News of Modern Heritage 2 SOM Building Fighting Against Case Study: Ataköy- Demolition by Big-Box Retailer Workshop in conjunction with the IXth by Alex Marthews BOOK REVIEW & International DOCOMOMO Conference ANNOUNCEMENTS Istanbul, Turkey 3 Fuller's Dome Home September 23-26, 2006 by Cornelius J. Crane 6 Review of Atlantic Modern: The of the Atlantic “Other Modernisms” 4 Burlington Industries Building Provinces 1950-2000 IXth International DOCOMOMO Demolished by Benjamin Briggs Conference 7 Lower Emergency Istanbul/, Turkey 5 A Facelift for Cincinnati's Terrace Preservation Fund September 27-29, 2006 Plaza Hotel? by Margo Warminski 7 Future Anterior 11 EXHIBITS

8 in New Orleans 9 DOCOMOMO 2006 Conference by Eleanor Burke 11 2004 Conference Proceedings 10 Phoenix Building Placed on National Register by Lynn Ferrari DOCOMOMO-US

Email: [email protected] Mail: PO Box 230977 New York, NY 10023

www.docomomo-us.org Welcome SOM Building Fighting Against Demolition

2005 is an auspicious year for by Big-Box Retailer DOCOMOMO-US. Ten years have passed since the formation of the US Chapter of DOCOMOMO Last year the Santa Clara County Superior Court trial design of its day. The Historic Landmarks International at the occasion of ruled that the City of San Jose violated California Commission calls it “one of the finest examples the first “Preserving the Recent law when it granted Lowe’s Home Improvement of Modern Industrial architecture in Santa Clara Past” conference in . Store permission to demolish IBM Building 25 as County,” and compliments the bold geometric DOCOMOMO-US is now one part of the construction of a new store. pattern on the building’s façade, reminiscent of among some fifty working par- The city’s Historic Landmarks Commission early IBM tabulating punch cards. According to ties across five continents. In the and Planning Commission argued that the big-box the Final Environmental Impact Report that was fall of 2006, all of the working retailer and most or all of Building 25, designed compiled as part of the effort to save the building parties will once again come by John Savage Bolles of Skidmore, Owings & from demolition: together at the IXth International Merrill in 1957, can co-exist on the site, a former DOCOMOMO Conference to be IBM office campus. Lowe’s contended that its The design was a radical departure from the held in Turkey under the theme business model required construction of a spe- solid wall construction of most industrial “Other Modernisms.” The confer- cific design for its store that was not compatible and laboratory facilities of the time. It was ence—an announcement is in this with saving the building. The court, however, felt designed so that each office and laboratory issue—will take place in conjunc- had walls of glass to integrate the landscap- that Lowe’s had not demonstrated that its cur- tion with a workshop on the plan- ing and outdoor art with the working spaces. ning and preservation issues fac- rent business model was the only way to accom- Building 25 is where historically significant ing Ataköy, a mid-century suburb modate the kind of store they needed. Lowe’s research occurred, including work associated outside of Istanbul. appealed the ruling, and the case will be going with development of the flying disk drive, In the U.S. the steadily before the Superior Court in December of this which is considered one of the most signifi- increasing interest in “mid-centu- year. cant inventions in information storage ry Modern” has brought greater technology. attention to the need to preserve the buildings from that era and has resulted in a growing num- ber of chapters and members of DOCOMOMO-US. This issue of our newsletter reflects this growth in interest, evidenced by the geographical distribution of the contributions highlighting the continuing threat to mid-century buildings. With the broadening of inter- est in Modernism has also come a shift from the preservation of national icons to the preservation of a larger number of regional and local landmarks. To support those efforts, DOCOMOMO-US will focus in the next year on the expansion of its register and documentation efforts. We plan to consolidate our website and bring the register online in order to make it more accessible. On a national level we have IBM Building 25, 1957. (photo: Preservation Action Council of San Jose) several initiatives planned for 2006 and 2007. Plans are being made to organize a small con- The Preservation Action Council of San Jose, Bolles accented the design of Building 25 ference to discuss the survey, which initiated the lawsuit to stop demolition of with courtyards—meant to surround the building documentation, and recording of Building 25, is optimistic that the Superior Court with natural light—oak and redwood trees, and Modern buildings in the context ruling will positively influence the preservation of a collection that included Research, of the register. DOCOMOMO-US the city’s Modernist legacy. When IBM erected a sculpture by Gurdon Woods. The goal was to also hopes to host a small confer- the Advanced Research Building 025 at its Cottle make the building comfortable for employees, ence on technology as it relates Road campus in 1957, it became a symbol of a novel idea at the time. As a result, Factory- to the overall preservation of Maintenance and Management named Building Modern buildings. Silicon Valley innovation and was visited by Nikita 25 “Plant of the Year” in 1958 out of 900 sites. All of these initiatives are Khruschev during his tour of the . Though Building 25 has been closed since aimed at supporting the preser- The building is significant to San Jose as a fore- vation of Modern heritage in the runner of the many high technology campuses 1995, multiple ways to preserve the building are U.S. We hope you will continue that now characterize the city. Today it might being considered, including using it for retail to to participate with us in these seem common fare for a high-tech company support the Lowe’s store. efforts. building, but the one-story building with its Theodore Prudon floor-to-ceiling windows and sophisticated sense — Alex Marthews President, DOCOMOMO-US of symmetry was a notable shift from the indus-

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 2 Chapter News Fuller’s Dome Home WESTERN WASHINGTON The morning of April 20, 1960, was mild and Puget Power Building Threatened sunny in Carbondale, . There was a buzz in by New Development town that day as residents contemplated draw- ings of an odd building about to be built on the Exceeding the three-story height corner of Forest Avenue and Cherry Street in the limit the city had previously southwest part of town. For years there had been set, the four-story Puget Power a run-down, pink-colored trailer on the lot, and Building was the tallest building in Bellevue, WA when it was con- neighbors were happy to see it go. A “geodesic dome” was to take its place. But no one had structed in 1956. With farms dot- The Fuller Dome Home under protective cover. ting the surrounding landscape heard of a geodesic dome, and some neighbors (photo: Cornelius J. Crane) in the late 1940s, downtown wondered if they were better off with the old a former chair of the SIU Design Department, Bellevue was little more than a pink trailer. Others were excited about the unique cluster of shops on Main Street. building which was understood to be a prototype H.F.W. “Bill” Perk, purchased the dome and However, by the early 1950s, of a new domestic technology. Just as remark- began looking for a suitable organization to which the population of Bellevue had able was the fact that R. Buckminster Fuller he could donate it in order that it be preserved. increased significantly and control himself, the inventor of the dome, and his wife, In October of 2001, to minimize the deterioration, on community growth became Anne, were to live in the experimental house. Perk contracted with Domes Inc., of Minnesota, necessary. The citizens voted to In 1959 Buckminster Fuller had been invited to build a slightly larger geodesic dome over the incorporate in 1953, and the new by Delyte Morris to lecture and research at existing dome. Local volunteers joined the work City of Bellevue quickly estab- Southern Illinois University (SIU) in Carbondale. crew and the protective dome went up in just lished a Planning Commission. By Upon arriving, the Fullers began looking for a site a few days. There was a new buzz in town as 1954, the city had passed its first to build a home. They found the lot at 407 South people talked about the possibility of the dome’s comprehensive development plan Forest Avenue in an historic district of town restoration—the only dome home in which the and people across the county and hired contractor Ira Parrish to assemble the Fullers themselves had ever lived. were beginning to talk about the pieces of the prototype provided by the Pease Perk’s search for an organization to accept new “gracious living” just east Plywood Company. Parrish could see the value stewardship of the dome was fruitless, and in of . The new plan called in the design—it took barely ten hours to put July 2002, a not-for-profit organization named for a downtown that would cater RBF Dome was established by a handful of to automobiles. Superblocks that together the pieces of the kit that comprised the structure’s shell—and he hoped to build more of local volunteers with the goals of preserving ran along a grid of four and six the Fuller Dome Home and increasing aware- lane streets became the street these efficient homes in Carbondale. ness of the man who discovered the four- pattern. Buildings were set back Finding the most effective way to seal the dimensional geodesic design in nature and from the road and were fronted exterior was one of the big challenges of con- by landscaping or parking lots. struction. The first attempt, an application of other revolutionary ideas. In October 2003, the After incorporation, the City of Celastic tape soaked in solvent to the structural Carbondale City Council voted unanimously to Bellevue convinced the Puget joints followed by a coat of paint, was unsuc- create the R. Buckminster and Anne Hewlett Power and Light Company to cessful; expansion and contraction of the surface Fuller Dome Home Landmark District. The move its headquarters from caused the Celastic seal to rupture and allowed Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois rec- Seattle to the ever-growing water to leak into the dome. The second attempt, ognized the Fuller Dome Home as one of the Eastside. In December of 1956, an application of a rubberized paint, was also a state’s Ten Most Endangered Historic Places in Puget Power formally opened its failure; the problem was the skylights, which March of 2004. RBF Dome has recently applied new General Office Building at expanded at a different rate than the wood. The for grants to fund a Historic Structures Report 10607 NE 4th Street. The Bellevue third solution did the job; it was to use the proven and Preservation Plan. An official of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce declared technology of the day: tar shingles. It was not an Historic Preservation Agency has estimated that the event “Puget Power Day.” elegant solution, but Fuller knew that technologi- preservation might cost as much as $500,000; The company considered cal developments would someday provide a good the high cost is based on plans to have the Fuller the new building a “stately and way to seal the dome. Within a few years the Dome Home listed on the National Register of imposing” landmark. Designed wood was replaced and new shingles installed; Historic Places and recognized as a National by Harmon, Pray & Detrich, Historic Landmark. When preservation is com- and Engineers, the the skylights didn’t survive the roof replacement. One can only imagine the excitement during the plete, RBF Dome anticipates developing a muse- Puget Power Building is a classic um in the Fuller Dome Home that chronicles example of International Style early days as Fuller gleefully discovered weak- the Fullers’s time in Carbondale as well as the commercial architecture with its nesses in the design so that the next prototype community’s reaction to the presence of a revolu- exterior curtain wall construction, could be improved. cont‘d on p.4 In 1971 the Fullers left Carbondale, and the tionary thinker. dome was sold. The new owner rented it out to students. Not surprisingly, the dome deterio- —Cornelius J. Crane rated over the years. Besides the neglect of an absentee landlord, the dome suffered persistent Anyone interested in learning more about RBF Dome leaks that caused the wood to decay. The dome can visit www.buckysdome.org. Tax-deductible dona- tions can be sent to RBF Dome at 407 South Forest seemed doomed. Avenue, Carbondale, IL 62901–2505. RBF Dome has But just as the concept of synergy reminds us registered with Amazon.com and igive.com as a par- that we should not attempt to predict the whole ticipating not-for-profit organization which means that by looking at the parts, the fate of the Fuller Amazon.com will donate to the organization when you Puget Power Building, 1956 Dome Home could not be predicted by looking purchase from its site; if you register with igive.com (photo: Chamber of Commerce at its sorry state and the apparent disregard of your purchases at more than 520 online shopping sites Publication, "Greater Bellevue will result in a donation to RBF Dome. Washington") its owner. In 1999, one of Fuller’s colleagues and

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 3 Chapter News horizontal banding, and flat roof. Rectangular in plan, the building is constructed of reinforced con- crete with an aluminum window system and yellow spandrel pan- els. The east and west façades of the building are clad in Wilkeson sandstone highlighted by strips of vertical glass block. At the rear of the building is an attached one-story auditorium, connected to the main building by a glass lobby area. The Puget Power Building was the tallest structure in Bellevue until the late 1960s when high rises were allowed down- town. It remains a landmark in the community because it is the best example of the International Style on the Eastside, the struc- The Burlington Industries Building, 1969-1971. ture has seen continuous use as (photo: Guilford County Planning & Development) an office building by one of the biggest corporations in the state, and it represents the growth Burlington Industries Building Demolished and development of downtown Bellevue from a small rural com- munity to a modern city. In the The demolition of the Burlington Industries trusses, has the unique design feature of having summer of 2003, DOCOMOMO- Corporate Headquarters in Greensboro, North suspended floors above the ground level. It was US/WEWA included the Puget Carolina was embroiled in controversy, just as literally built from the top down, rather than the Power Building as one of the its construction had been. The landmark build- ground up, as is customary. featured properties in a Bellevue ing, criticized for its suburban location and bold The of the recent destruction Modernism Tour. of this landmark was not lost on Greensboro’s Starting in 1993, the City form when it was constructed between 1969 and of Bellevue, with help from the 1971, again sparked debate on the significance citizens. The city was once a hub of the textile Bellevue Historical Society, took of Modern design when it was imploded on May industry, and Burlington Industries was among its steps to start identifying and eval- 23rd, 2005. largest companies. Once an employer of 85,000 uating the city’s historic resources As one of a handful of significant and striking people at plants worldwide, the name Burlington by conducting an historic and examples of Modernism in North Carolina, the has all but disappeared from Greensboro’s land- cultural resources survey. This Burlington Industries Building had a distinctive scape. Textile workers are now counted in the report indicated that the Puget design that incorporated massive crossed steel hundreds instead of the thousands. Power Building was eligible for beams that symbolized the woven stitching of The destruction of the Burlington Industries the Washington Heritage Register. textiles; at the time of its construction, Burlington Building inspired a citywide debate on the sig- Since a listing on this state-wide Industries was the world’s largest textile maker. nificance of in Greensboro. register carries no controls, the The building became an icon in Greensboro as Local preservationists rallied to educate the consultants who produced the soon as it was built—its bold designs reflected public about Modern design using newsletters, survey recommended that the the confident and expanding economy of the newspaper articles, and internet blogs. Though city establish its own historic city. The firm that designed the building, Odell the developers ultimately won, gains have been preservation program or enter Associates of Charlotte, NC, was well known made in Greensboro in terms of increased dialog into an interlocal government throughout the country for advancing corporate about the significance of Modern architecture. In agreement with King County’s architecture from the austere glass boxes of the May, as the Burlington Building was being readied Historic Preservation Program. 1960s to the avant-garde designs exemplified in for destruction, the sixteen-story Odell-designed However, no preservation pro- the Burlington Industries Building. Wachovia Tower in downtown Greensboro was gram for the city has ever been placed on the National Register Study List. In established. Walter Bost, a retired Odell architect employed In the Spring on 2005, Puget with the firm for forty-four years, recalls the firm’s addition, a seminar on Modern design has been Power negotiated a sale of the interview for the Burlington project: “Mr. Odell planned for November; it will be followed by a property to Portland developer believed in showmanship, and in this instance we tour of Modernist housing. With awareness of Gerding/Elden who is planning were all dressed in Navy suits and homburg hats Modern design on the rise, the local preserva- a large condominium project for and jokingly described ourselves as appearing to tion community hopes further initiatives will stem the site. Because of these plans, belong to the mafia. We got the job.” future destruction of innovative and exemplary DOCOMOMO-US/WEWA brought That kind of showmanship not only won the landmarks of the Modern movement. the building to the attention of firm the project, but also several awards, such the Washington Trust for Historic as a citation from the South Atlantic Regional —Benjamin Briggs Preservation which has included Council of the American Institute of Architects in the building on its 2005 Most 1974. Other awards included recognition from the Endangered List. American Institute of Steel Construction in 1971 for structural innovation. The tower portion of this —Andrew Phillips complex, which is surrounded by the stitch-like

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 4 Chapter News A Facelift for Cincinnati’s Terrace Plaza Hotel?

GEORGIA The architectural integrity of the Terrace Plaza rooftop terrace. The building was one of the first Save Old Newspaper Building Hotel, Cincinnati’s premier landmark of early to use completely automatic elevators and all Modernism, is threatened by an ambitious pro- of the hotel furnishings were custom-designed. In 1948, Atlanta Constitution posal to convert the building into a boutique hotel Works of major Modern artists, including Joan Editor Ralph McGill’s corner and condominiums. The redesign would encase Miró and Alexander Calder, filled the building’s office had direct views of both the orange brick building in a glass “slipcover” public spaces. the Georgia Capitol’s dome and cut new windows into the walls. Storefronts clad in black granite encircle the and the bustling Union Station. Currently a branch of the Crowne Plaza chain, building on the north, east, and west, and a Notably, these two edifices sym- the building, constructed sheer wall of brick rises from the second through bolized McGill’s parallel inter- ests in progressive politics and between 1943–1948, seventh stories. Set back from the eighth-story Southern commerce. Today, only is an innovative, mixed- terrace is a slender, rectangular shaft, pierced by one of these landmarks survives, use complex combin- tripartite steel windows in cleanly cut openings. and soon McGill’s corner office ing a hotel, offices and A cantilevered circular restaurant perches daringly may be lost as well. retail space—a program over the north wall. Resting atop the tower is a The Atlanta Constitution’s that recalls Rockefeller square brick penthouse. last home before the newspa- Center and Cincinnati’s Exterior alterations have been confined to per was purchased by former own Carew Tower, lower stories and are largely reversible. As built, Ohio Gov. James M. Cox in a National Historic the east elevation, and part of the north elevation, 1950 is threatened by demoli- Landmark built in 1929. featured a two-story glass front; these open- tion to construct the multimodal The Terrace Plaza was ings have been filled in with matching brick. The passenger terminal as planned Historic photo of the one of the first major Terrace Plaza Hotel, 1948. motor entrance on the north elevation was altered by the Georgia Department of hotels built in America (photo: Messer Construction c. 1970–1980 with arcaded doorways and stucco Transportation. after World War II and Co.) finishing. Although its windows are was Cincinnati’s first major downtown post-war Sales of the proposed units in the new missing and its brick veneer is project. development plan have been slow, due in part stained, the historic structure is Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the to a glut of high-end condos on the market. sound and can be rehabilitated building was for many years attributed to Gordon Preservationists thus have an opportunity to save for new use. A last opportunity Bunshaft. New research, however, credits Natalie this unique structure. The building is potentially to save the building rests in the DuBlois, one of the few female architects of the eligible for listing on the National Register of hands of Mayor Shirley Franklin and the Atlanta City Council, era, with designing the structure. The Plaza’s Historic Places; if listed, it would qualify for fed- before their impending release of innovative design features an eleven-story hotel eral tax credits and façade easement donations. the property to the state. above seven floors of commercial space and a The Constitution and the —Margo Warminski adjacent Rich’s Store for Homes (demolished in 1994) recall Atlanta’s vibrant period of (cont'd from cover) post-World War II growth. The Bunshaft House Threatened newspaper commissioned local architects Robert & Associates to as the Chase Manhattan Bank Headquarters, The Town of East Hampton has run into design a facility that could simul- taneously accommodate report- 1961, and the Marine Midland Bank Building trouble in the past when it has tried to give his- ers and printing operations. at , 1967. The house—the only toric designation status to areas of its “summer The architect’s streamlined private house Bunshaft ever designed—is self- colony,” and although this building is clearly one form bore the trademark styl- assured, serene, and displays the kind of con- of its mid-century gems, and there is a preserva- ing of industry and the machine viction evident in the corporate headquarters tion ordinance on the books, it does not appear age—all of which were fitting Bunshaft designed in the mid-twentieth century that the town will designate it either individually and intentional symbols for such as the Emhart Corporation Headquarters in or as a part of an historic district unless there the Constitution’s progressive Bloomfield, CT, 1963, that was recently demol- is a substantial advocacy effort on the part of ideas. As quoted in the national ished. The Bunshaft House as well as its setting, architects, designers, historians, and concerned press, McGill hoped to “build the landscaping, and the art pieces placed inside neighbors. Please write a letter advocating for Constitution’s prestige to match the house and on the grounds, formed an ideal the preservation of the Bunshaft House to the its new plant.” Modern landscape; Bunshaft reshaped the exist- Editor of the East Hampton Star, PO Box 5002, Unfortunately, the public ing landscape to create meticulous compositions East Hampton, NY 11937. Tel: (631) 342-0002. record acknowledged little on the two-acre site.1 And while the house is of the building’s significance clearly “of its moment” at a fundamental level, —Françoise Bollack when the decision for demoli- it is a contemporary execution of a traditional tion was made in 1995. Plans by structural scheme: two parallel walls supporting GDOT sought to capitalize on a series of structural members, which, in this the site’s access to Atlanta’s his- case, are pre-stressed concrete double-Ts. In toric rail lines, and although the the 1960s “Bunshaft’s buildings show a greater Constitution building was eligible interest in expression of structure and use of con- for inclusion on the National 1 Carol Hersell Krinsky, Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Register of Historic Places, alter- crete, rather than in further development of the curtain wall,”2 and this house is simply a marvel- Owings & Merrill (New York, NY: Architectural History natives to demolition were never Foundation and Cambridge, MA: The Massachusetts ous, light-hearted “short story” of the architect’s considered. Institute of Technology, 1988), 137. corporate work of that period. 2 Krinsky, 129. cont‘d on p.6

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 5 Chapter News Atlantic Modern: In 2003, the Atlanta The Architecture of Preservation Center added the building to its list of “Most the Atlantic Provinces Endangered Historic Places.” Today we must question 1950–2000 whether a ten-year-old deci- sion should remain a license to Steven Mannell, ed. destroy a significant building Tuns Press and Faculty of Architecture and capable of a positive contribu- Planning, Dalhousie University, 2004 tion to downtown. Great urban 108 pages neighborhoods are not made by tearing down great buildings. This fact was demonstrated by he central aim of the Atlantic Modern project is the ill-fated “urban renewal” T campaigns of the 1960s and the identification, documentation, and apprecia- 1970s that seized entire city tion of Modern architecture in Canada’s Atlantic blocks for recreation and trans- provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland. Concerned individually with a selection of archival material portation projects. The “wipe the including historic and contemporary photographs, slate clean” approach ultimately that post-war architecture in Atlantic Canada was poorly documented and many important sketches and architectural drawings. According displaced communities from their to the introductory text in the catalogue, ”The history and became a formula for Modernist buildings were being demolished or inclusion of this original material was intended rejection and neglect. altered beyond recognition, the participants of the to present the buildings in the context of their The multimodal terminal is Atlantic Modern project—including the Dalhousie a grand vision that could poten- University School of Architecture, the four provin- design and production, and with respect to the tially catalyze commercial and cial Architects’ Associations, Dalhousie’s Sexton conditions of their time and local situation.” residential growth downtown. Design and Technology Library, the University of A handful of architectural models were pre- But we must question why such New Brunswick Library, and a number of practic- pared specifically for the exhibition showcased an important civic project yielded ing and retired architects from the region—set at the end of the book, including a 1:50 scale such an un-civic solution. out to document and examine regional Modern model of the Beth-El Synagogue, located in St. In early 2004, Central Atlanta architecture and practice. The project aimed to John’s, Newfoundland, that was designed by Progress and the city of Atlanta establish an historical record of Modern archi- Angus Campbell in 1956. Having been heavily sponsored a series of public tecture in the region as well as raise awareness altered in 2001, the Beth-El Synagogue is one of planning sessions to conceive the of the Modern movement as a part of Atlantic two buildings that is listed under the heading “In future of downtown. Canada’s distinct architectural heritage. Memoriam” on the last page of the catalogue. The executive summary for The other is the PEI Ark, 1975-1976, an experi- this exercise stated that to maxi- The result of the project was the 2001–2002 exhibition Atlantic Modern: The Architecture ment in sustainable building systems on Prince mize the multimodal’s economic Edward Island that was demolished in 2000. potential, “the main concourse of the Atlantic Provinces 1950–2000 and the recently published catalogue edited by Steven Since the book is a catalogue for the exhibi- ticket and waiting hall of the tion, it does not dwell much further on the sub- MMPT be moved to a location Mannell, the curator of the exhibition. Mannell is the Director of the School of Architecture at ject of Modern buildings in Atlantic Canada that west of Spring Street” and that have been destroyed or altered beyond recogni- the site initially proposed by Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, tion. It instead sets out to document what the the GDOT, “be a high-density, and the documentation of the regional history of Atlantic Modern project determined to be the high-rise, mixed-use project with Modern Canadian architecture is a major area of high symbolic value...that could his research activity. best of post-war architecture in Atlantic Canada incorporate the Art Moderne The book documents in detail all twenty-six while admitting that there were some inconsis- Constitution building in its projects that were shown in the exhibition; each tencies in the jury process. design.” GDOT’s current plans do was chosen by committee through the Atlantic The end result is a thorough study of Atlantic not reflect these recommenda- Architects’ Initiative, a body of provincial architec- Canada’s regional Modern architecture from the tions. tural associations in the Atlantic region of Canada. radical Dalhousie Arts Centre, constructed at If the multimodal station is Each association was asked to nominate Modern Dalhousie University in the late 1960s, to the to remain at its current site, the buildings from their region that fell into one of six New Production Plant for Central Creameries, Constitution building’s historic categories—commercial, educational, industrial, 1966–1967, on Prince Edward Island, to notewor- marble lobby could be reconfig- institutional, residential, and worship—using cri- thy examples of more contemporary construction ured to introduce passengers to a teria established by DOCOMOMO International. such as the Windsor Town Houses, 1996, in New train platform below, or provide Brunswick, a contemporary nod to the traditional tunnel access to MARTA’s Five The four committees nominated one project per decade for each building type, considering only rowhouses that characterized many neighbor- Points station. That would be far hoods in Atlantic Canadian cities in the nineteenth more meaningful to downtown’s buildings that were designed by an architectural firm from the Atlantic region. century. urban context than the proposed, All twenty-six projects in the catalogue are bare-bones, glass shed. In total, thirty projects per province were nom- inated for a total of nearly 120 buildings overall. A presented in a clear and informative manner The construction cranes ani- that expresses the educational imperative of mating Atlanta’s skyline represent jury then whittled this number down to the final the Atlantic Canada project and its methodical our vitality, but must not accom- twenty-six that it felt displayed the breadth and approach to documenting the region’s Modern pany disrespect for the city’s rich excellence of the Modern movement in Atlantic past. There is little argument that Canada and suggested the particular conditions of architectural heritage. Though the introduction to the Constitution building is the architectural practice in the region. What followed the catalogue warns that the notion of “regional greatest Art Moderne structure was an intense documentation process so that architecture” risks nostalgia and sentimentality, the final twenty-six buildings could be presented neither of these emotions is evident in the cata- cont‘d on p.7 cont’d on p. 10 DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 6 Chapter News Announcements surviving in the city, and there Lower Manhattan Emergency LMEPF will continue to advocate for balancing can be no denial that its loss historic preservation with redevelopment in Lower would erase a part of Atlanta’s Preservation Fund Manhattan. modern history. —Ken Lustbader Amid unprecedented interest in redeveloping —Jon Buono and Thomas F. Little Lower Manhattan after September 11, 2001, the Lower Manhattan Emergency Preservation Fund Future Anterior Reprinted with permission from (LMEPF) has been active in advocating for the the May 30, 2005 edition of the area’s historic buildings, including what may be The Graduate School of Atlanta Journal Constitution. New York City’s only streamlined parking garage. Architecture, Planning and Preservation announces The LMEPF is a unique coalition of five lead- the release of Future Anterior: Journal of Historic ing preservation organizations representing local, Preservation History, Theory and Criticism, Vol. NEW ENGLAND state, national, and international mandates. The 2, No. 1 (Summer 2005). The issue includes a initial effort was to provide grants and technical number of articles that examine emerging con- 2004 Conference Tour assistance for buildings damaged by the col- cepts that rethink the ways in which interpreta- lapse of the World Trade Center. As work pro- The year of activities began for tion can address the changing conditions in the gressed, however, the LMEPF realized it needed DOCOMOMO-US/New England presentation and reception of historic preservation to take on a broad public advocacy role as the with the highly successful tour in a global context. Robert Rubin, curator of the City, State, and Lower Manhattan Development that complemented the VIIIth exhibition Jean Prouvé: A Tropical House at Yale Corporation announced sweeping redevelop- International DOCOMOMO University, argues that preserving Prouvé’s build- ment plans that could threaten historic resources. Conference. Held at the end of ings as immobile, site-specific installations reflects The five co-sponsors of the LMEPF are the the Conference, the tour con- a fundamental misunderstanding of his work. Municipal Art Society, the National Trust for sisted of a two-day excursion In her review of the exhibition Architecture and Historic Preservation, the New York Landmarks with a focus on the institutional Revolution in , 1959–1969, Marisa Oliver sug- Conservancy, the Preservation League of New architecture of the metropoli- gests that though the exhibition provided a strong tan Boston Area and Southern York State, and the World Monuments Fund. New Hampshire. The first day In 2003, the LMEPF published Corridors of included visits to the work of Concern, a map that identified historic resources Gropius and TAC, in Lower Manhattan and focused on three areas with Sert, Jackson & Gourley, slated for redevelopment by the City of New York and Sert, Jackson & Associates at and Lower Manhattan Development Corporation: Harvard University in Cambridge; Fulton Street, Greenwich Street, and West Street. I.M. Pei and Araldo Cossuta’s The LMEPF has advocated that historic preserva- Christian Science Center; and tion must be considered as plans for the revitaliza- the Government Center area, tion of Lower Manhattan unfold. Its most public whose master plan is by I.M. Pei success came last year when the Metropolitan & Partners with buildings by TAC Transportation Authority (MTA) announced its and Samuel Glaser Associates, and Kallmann, McKinnell & commitment to preserve the nineteenth-century Knowles with Campbell, Aldrich Corbin Building as part of the proposed Fulton & Nulty. A tour of the MIT cam- Street Transit Center. To support its advocacy efforts, the LMEPF The superblocks of 23 de Enero, completed in 1958, pus in Cambridge, with visits surrounded by the new barrios spilling down from the to buildings by Eero Saarinen; completed two studies documenting the history surrounding hillsides. ; I.M. Pei & Partners; of buildings within the Fulton and Greenwich (photo: Mateo Pinto) Skidmore, Owings & Merrill; and Street Corridors. The findings revealed a range of building types from the early-nineteenth to by MIT’s pioneering Modernist overview of this often-ignored moment in Cuban the mid-twentieth centuries. One of the more dean, Lawrence Anderson, fol- architectural history, it missed an opportunity to lowed. A tour of Alvar Aalto’s interesting twentieth-century buildings in the contextualize Cuban architecture within a broader Baker House, with a reception Greenwich Street Corridor is the Battery Parking international Modernist program. Looking at 23 de in the signature dining com- Garage overlooking the -Battery Tunnel. Enero, a Modern public housing project in Caracas, mons space hosted by MIT and Completed in 1950, the poured concrete garage , Paul Byard and Leslie Klein ask if addi- DOCOMOMO-US/NE concluded was designed by Ole Singstad, one of the twen- tions made by inhabitants to canonical works of the day. tieth century’s greatest civil engineers. Not only Modern architecture should be interpreted as inte- Day two began with an might this be New York City’s only streamlined gral to the work itself. In a particularly timely arti- excursion to Louis Kahn’s Exeter parking garage, it is possibly Singstad’s only cle, Nina Rappaport and Ken Smith present their Library in New Hampshire, above-ground work in New York City. Described returning to Massachusetts for case for the protection of Dan Kiley’s landscape at by as the world’s “mas- visits to the Gropius House and for the Performing Arts in the face ter tunnel builder,” Singstad also designed the outside tours of the Modern of extensive plans for redevelopment. Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel and the Queens-Midtown houses in the adjacent Wood’s For more information or to subscribe, visit Tunnel. The , the world’s first End neighborhood, includ- http://www.arch.columbia.edu/futureanterior underwater automobile tunnel, could not have ing Marcel Breuer’s house. or email [email protected]. been built without his pioneering ventilation The tour concluded with a system. reception at Paul Rudolph’s —Jessica Williams Jewett Arts Center at Wellesley The Lower Manhattan Development College, sponsored by Wellesley Corporation and its consultants have been study- College and DOCOMOMO- ing the Fulton and Greenwich Street Corridors with the goal of revitalizing these areas. The cont‘d on p.8

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 7 Chapter News Modernism in New Orleans

US/NE. Attendees included DOCOMOMO members from New Orleans boasts one of the greatest collec- age appreciation for Modern Architecture in New Russia, , England and the tions of nineteenth and early-twentieth century Orleans and other parts of Northern Louisiana. United States, with several mem- buildings in the United States. Local preservation- Fortunately, the seeds of appreciation already bers of DOCOMOMO-US/NE in ists have worked tirelessly since the 1930s to exist. Last fall, Reed Kroloff, the former Editor of attendance. Jonathan Smith of protect the city’s unique architectural heritage Architecture magazine and Dean of the Tulane DOCOMOMO-US/NE was respon- in the face of heedless development, urban School of Architecture, delivered a lecture entitled sible for the tour’s excellent orga- flight, and economic stagnation. Following World “Cohabitation: Preservation and Modernism Get nization, with Susan Schur and War II, New Orleans adopted a progressive atti- Close.” In May, the Louisiana Landmarks Society Rita Walsh providing invaluable tude towards architecture, one that embraced created its first list of “Nine Most Endangered support. Henry Moss and David Modernist principles of design and planning. The Landmarks in New Orleans,” and it included Fixler served as tour leaders. 1950s and early 1960s produced many significant the Pan-American Life Building, designed by Modernist structures, including several by the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in 1952. Vacant Kiley House/Heck House influential firm of Curtis and Davis. Unfortunately, since 1999, the building cannot be designated as Over the course of this year, some banal designs from the 1960s and early a landmark by the Historic Districts Landmarks DOCOMOMO-US/NE has once 1970s led to a backlash against Modernism that Commission because it is owned by the city. again been an active advocate continued against the Post-Modernist architecture However, preservationists hope that its inclusion for a number of Modern houses. of the 1980s. on the “Nine Most Endangered List” will help On Cape Cod, the chapter was The greatest threat now faced by Modernist raise consciousness about the precarious state of part of the ongoing dialogue buildings in New Orleans is the lack of apprecia- Modernist landmarks in New Orleans. with owners, local commissions, tion for the style at a local level. This is not sur- DOCOMOMO-US/NOLA plans to build on and the prising considering the strong sense of history these successes to create a more Modernism- about the ultimate fate of sev- imbued in the culture of the city. Ancestor wor- friendly environment in New Orleans. A meeting eral houses by nationally and ship is a favorite hobby of many, and local cus- that will be an informal gathering of architects, locally renowned Modernists, toms and traditions remain deeply entrenched. historians, and professors who have been work- including Serge Chermayeff and The historic architecture of New Orleans has ing to compile a list of the city’s significant Nathaniel Saltonstall, situated emerged as the city’s greatest tourist attraction. Modernist buildings will convene in mid-July. in and adjacent to the Cape Cod Nonetheless, Modern buildings in New Orleans DOCOMOMO-US/NOLA is also planning a National Seashore area. They are need protection and deserve the attention of the meeting for the fall at the Tulane School of not protected under the legisla- preservation community. Architecture. tion that created the Seashore, This need has given rise to the formation of a but have been recognized as new DOCOMOMO chapter in Northern Lousiana: —Eleanor Burke significant cultural resources in DOCOMOMO-US/NOLA. The main goal of this this area by the Massachusetts cont’d on p. 9 Historical Commission, thanks chapter, still in its early stages, will be to encour- in part to DOCOMOMO-US/NE’s support. DOCOMOMO-US/NE also successfully helped find a sympathetic buyer for a 1950 Dan Kiley house in Holden MA, and is currently providing advice and guidance to several realtors and home owners in the Metro Boston area. These successes were offset by one possible loss. It now appears that the combined efforts of DOCOMOMO-US/NE and a number of local organi- zations, including the Boston Society of Architects/AIA Historic Resources Committee, were not able to ensure the preservation of the Heck house, a 1948 work of architect Henry Hoover, a pio- neering Boston area Modernist, in his own home town of Lincoln, MA. Despite expert testimony from DOCOMOMO-US/NE mem- bers Henry Moss, Gary Wolf and David Fixler, a very well prepared presentation by a local advocacy group, the Friends of Modern Architecture (FOMA) in Lincoln, and the fact that the house was legally recognized as a contrib- uting structure to the Lincoln Historic District, the town’s

cont‘d on p.9 The Pan-American Life Building, 1952. (photo: Eleanor Burke)

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 8 Chapter News Modernism in New Orleans (cont’d from p. 4) Historic Commission could not be persuaded to protect the Two more significant examples of Modern architecture property. in New Orleans are pictured here: the American Bank Building designed by Moise Goldstein in 1952–1954, —David Fixler and and the K&B Building (John Hancock Building), 1963, Hélène Lipstadt designed by the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.

NEW YORK / TRI-STATE

DOCOMOMO-US/New York/Tri- State has been working on numerous advocacy issues in the New York area. Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts’s revital- ization plan has been the major focus; the New York/Tri-State chapter has attended meetings with Lincoln Center Development Project, Inc. and provided tes- American Bank Building, 1952-1954. timony at numerous hearings K&B Building (John Hancock Building), 1963. (photo: Eleanor Burke) (photo: Eleanor Burke) in the comprehensive review process. The chapter is focus- ing on the restoration of the Dan Kiley-designed landscape, which it feels is irreplaceable and significant in the history of IXth International DOCOMOMO Conference Modern landscape architecture. While it is difficult to convince Lincoln Center’s planners and architects of its value, some progress is being made toward a compromise that would save elements of the Kiley design and accommodate Lincoln Center’s plan for adding a restaurant to the North Plaza. This activity has garnered attention by the local press, The New York Times, The Architect’s Newspaper, and Landscape Magazine. In March, DOCOMOMO US New York/Tri- State submitted a “Request for Evaluation” form to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC). This form, which had never been submit- ted for Lincoln Center, triggers internal review of a building/site, and is the first step in the desig- nation hearing process. As of this time, the LPC has not formally responded to the request for a hearing, though in April of 2000 Lincoln Center was determined eligible for State and National Register listing. Other buildings have also been under the chapter’s watch. It provided testimony at the February LPC hearing on the pro- posed addition to the Whitney Museum, designed by Marcel Breuer in1966, and at the Community Board 6 landmark discussions on Stuyvesant Town. Most recently, the chapter has been working with the LPC on

cont‘d on p.10

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 9 Chapter News Phoenix Building two important Morris Lapidus- Placed on designed buildings: the Summit Hotel, 1961, and the Patterson National Register Silk Building, 1949, at the south- west corner of Union Square. While the Patterson Silk Building The Phoenix Mutual Headquarters on is not eligible for landmark status Constitution Plaza in Hartford, CT, 1961–1963, has because its tower was demol- been added to the National Register of Historic ished by the owners, the Summit Places. Phoenix’s unique home office, known Hotel was designated on May as the “Boat Building,” has long been a major 17th thanks to the efforts of local architectural landmark in Hartford. An excep- DOCOMOMO members and the tional example of the International or Modernist Modern Architecture Working architectural style, it is believed to be the world’s Group. first two-sided building. To design the build- The chapter has also sup- ing, Phoenix President Ben Holland chose Max ported a new Historic Districts Abramovitz of the New York architectural firm Council proposal to require LPC Harrison & Abramovitz. Abramovitz, a recognized notification for any demolition permit requested for a building twentieth-century master, was widely acclaimed that is fifty years or older, though for his work on the United Nations Headquarters the chapter is advocating that the and Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center for the trigger age be lowered to forty. Performing Arts. DOCOMOMO-US/New York/ Construction of the Phoenix Building began in Tri-State also supported preser- 1961, and it was completed in November, 1963. vation advocates in Washington, The tower, properly called an “elliptic lenticular D.C. working on a well-known cylinder,” is thirteen stories high, 225 feet long, Modern landmark: Watergate, and eighty-seven feet wide at its widest point. 1960–1971, designed by Luigi The unusual ovoid shape of the building gives The Phoenix Building, 1961-1963 Moretti. The chapter sent a letter it the appearance of a boat or football; its open (photo: Phoenix Companies) of support to the DC Preservation plaza deck creates, in the words of Hartford Review Board that was read into Architecture, “the illusion of an ephemeral green the record at the designation ship floating through space.” hearing. Good news followed; The construction of the Phoenix Building at Atlantic Modern (cont'd from pg. 6) Watergate was designated on One American Row in downtown Hartford in February 24th by a unanimous the early 1960s played a pivotal role in the city’s logue’s no-nonsense presentation of the twenty- vote of the Board. urban renewal movement. The Phoenix’s deci- The Manhattan Modern six projects; the book is educational, informative, sion to stay in Hartford at the time assured the Map is now for sale at Urban and serious about its mission of introducing read- development of the adjacent Constitution Plaza Center Books, the New Museum ers to the region’s exemplary Modern buildings. complex. bookstore, and the Museum of In a focused and studied manner, the cata- “The commission of the building was sig- Modern Art Bookstore. logue stands up to the many challenges facing nificant on many fronts,” says Dona D. Young, A series of programs includ- the effort to preserve regional Modern architec- Chairman, President, and Chief Executive ing talks on I.M. Pei and Jean ture by giving the movement a large dose of Officer of the Phoenix Companies. “It cement- Prouvé are being planned for the credibility. One such challenge is the rise of the ed Phoenix’s commitment to the renewal of upcoming months. tourism industry in Atlantic Canada that is cen- Hartford, where the company was founded in To keep up-to-date on our tered around an image of the region as one con- 1851, and reflected its forward-thinking and inno- activities and endangered build- sisting of unspoiled nature and pre-Confederation ings in our area, please sign up vative business approach. Today, we’re making buildings; post-Modern historicist construction for the chapter’s list serve to our own statement of commitment as we under- is encouraged for new buildings in the region in receive news via email by visit- take the first major renovation of the building and keeping with the tourism storyline, leaving little ing www.docomomo-us.org and bring all of our Connecticut operations back to the room for appreciation of mid-century Modernist going to the New York/Tri-State city.” expressions of internationalism and progress. Chapter page. In honor of the successful nomination of the Next steps for the Atlantic Modern project Phoenix Building to the National Register, and include organizing an Atlantic Canada working —Nina Rappaport and to underscore its commitment to Hartford, the party of DOCOMOMO, expansion of its web- Kathleen Randall Phoenix Foundation has a given a $10,000 grant based gallery and database, and continued educa- to the Hartford Preservation Alliance to aid in its tion efforts aimed at both the general public and efforts to protect Hartford’s architectural heritage. the architectural community. —Lynn Ferrari —Heidi Druckemiller Reprinted with permission from the March 2005 The Atlantic Modern: The Architecture of the Atlantic Hartford Preservation Alliance newsletter. Provinces 1950–2000 catalogue is available for sale by the editor; please contact Steven Mannell at [email protected].

DOCOMOMO-US/SUMMER 2005 10 DOCOMOMO-US Exhibits Newsletter Staff Designed for Living: The Modern Interior Tel Aviv’s White City: Co-Editors: The Modern Architecture Movement Heidi Druckemiller ArchiTech Gallery, Chicago, IL Nancy Levinson Through August 27, 2005 Design Centre at the Université du Québec à Montréal, Graphic Designer: Policy and Design for Housing: , Canada Unjoo Noh Lessons of the Urban Development September 9–October 9, 2005 Corporation 1968–1975 Contributors: AIA New York Chapter, Going, Going, Gone? Mid-Century Modern Françoise Bollack Center for Architecture, New York, NY Architecture in South Florida Benjamin Briggs Through September 10, 2005 Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL Jon Buono July 8–November 6, 2005 Eleanor Burke Expo 67: Not Just a Souvenir Cornelius J. Crane Canadian Centre for Architecture, Extra Ordinary Every Day: Lynn Ferrari Montreal, Canada The Bauhaus at the Busch-Reisinger David Fixler Through September 11, 2005 The Busch-Reisinger Museum, Hélène Lipstadt Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Thomas F. Little The 60s: Montréal Thinks Big Through December 31, 2005 Alex Marthews Canadian Centre for Architecture, Andrew Phillips Montreal, Canada Prairie Skyscraper: Kathleen Randall Through September 11, 2005 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Price Tower Nina Rappaport Price Tower Arts Center, Bartlesville, OK Margo Warminski Romantic Modernist: October 14, 2005–January 15, 2006 The Life and Work of Norman Jaffe, Architect The Parrish Art Museum, Southampton, NY Cityscapes Revealed: Board Members July 24–September 18, 2005 Highlights from the Collection National Building Museum, Washington, DC Theodore Prudon Verner Panton–The Collected Works Opening December 3, 2005 President The AXA Gallery, New York, NY Gunny Harboe Through October 1, 2005 Jean Prouvé: Three Nomadic Structures Vice-President Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Jorge Otero-Pailos Pacific Design Center, Secretary West Hollywood, CA August 14, 2005–November 27, 2006 Mark Lee Treasurer

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Bunshaft House, 1961-1962, in its current condition. (photo: Caroline Rob Zaleski)