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Physical Properties and Processes in the Agricultural Alluvial Calcareous Soils

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Physical Properties and Processes in the Agricultural Alluvial Calcareous Soils Preface The objective of this workshop was to provide a forum to facilitate the opportunity for interaction between specialists working in different fields of soil science, but who share a common interest in group soil biological and soil physical methods applied to biophysical attributes in soil quality. This goal was achieved by means of lectures, technical presentations, and field, greenhouse and laboratory studies on different parts of soil quality subject. The multidisciplinary character of the workshop allowed an effective exchange of ideas between different topics in soil quality having a symmetry background. The workshop consisted of three micro courses of two hours each and some plenary talks of 30 minutes, as well as a small number of short communications. In addition to the contributions of the participants, other specialists in the field that could not attend the meeting. The main motivation for the three courses was to provide a short and updated introduction to current research topics, as well as to provide an overview for the non-specialists. We briefly describe the principal results of these lectures. Finally, on behalf of the Organizing Committee, we would like to express our gratitude to the participants and assistants in the EURASIAN SOIL workshop 2013 for their presence and contributions, as well as to the members of the Coordinators for their help and outstanding efforts, with special mention to Evgeny Shein from the Moscow State University. We hope that you found the workshop interesting and fun. We also hope that in the years to come, EURASIAN SOIL Congress 2014 will become a platform for dialogue and interaction on new concepts and “The Soul of Soils and Civilization”. After all, our goal is to help you, the researchers, distribute your latest achievements to a broader audience. Dr.Rıdvan Kızılkaya Dr.Coşkun Gülser Coordinator Coordinator CONTENTS page Cover Preface Dependence of aggregates water stability from the contents of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components 1 in the organic matter of chernozems Evgeny Milanovskiy, Alexandr M. Rusanov, Evgeny Shein Regularities of Cu, Pb and Zn adsorption by chernozems of the South of Russia 6 David L. Pinsky, Tatiana M. Minkina Transformation of upper part soil profile of sod-podzolic light loamy soils under the conditions of long- 16 term soil improvement (Unpresented) Nikolay S. Matyuk, Mikhail A. Mazirov, Daria M. Kascheeva, Valery D. Polin, Valeria A. Arefieva Dynamics of soil cover state and degradation processes intensity in natural soil zones of the Altai Region 25 Gennady Morkovkin, Yekaterina Litvinenko, Nina Maksimova Probabilistic models of spatial fluctuations of edaphic properties in native soils in steppe zone of Western 30 Siberia Irina Mikheeva Pedotransfer capacity of nickel and platinum nanoparticles in Albeluvisols Haplic in the South-East of the 39 Western Siberia (Unpresented) Sergei Kulizhsky, Sergei Loyko, Artyom Lim The Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences in 46 independence years (1991-2011) Maharram P.Babayev, Sultan M.Huseynova, R. I. Mirzezade Management of Geospatial Information for the Growth of Various Sectors in Azerbaijan (Unpresented) 50 Garib Sh. Mamedov Environmental Monitoring of arid woodland soils or tertiary plateaus in Azerbaijan 53 Ali M. Jafarov, Cesaret A. Shabanov, Tatyana A. Kholina The Chemical Composition of Some Soils and Its Significance for Vegetation of the Agsu District of 56 Azerbaijan (Unpresented) Tubukhanım Gasımzade Complex indicator of the quality of various soils 60 Amin H. Babayev, Vugar A. Babayev Properties of soils and rocks of rehahabilitated lands of Kuznetsk Basin Area (Unpresented) 66 Vladimir Androkhanov The manifestation of the land degradation in the Irkutsk region at conditions of the anthropogenesis and 70 measures on prevention of the further progress of negative processes Natalia I. Granina Physical properties and processes in the agricultural alluvial calcareous soils (Calcic Fluvisols Oxyaquic) 75 of Konya province (Çumra area) Ahmet Sami Erol, Evgeny Shein, Fatih Er, Fariz Mikayilsoy Concept of Soil Quality 83 Coşkun Gülser , Rıdvan Kızılkaya Milanovskiy, E., Rusanov, A.M., Shein, E., 2013. Dependence of aggregates water stability from the contents of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in the organic matter of chernozems. EURASIAN SOIL WORKSHOP 2013, “The biophysical attributes of soil quality”. 29-31 May 2013, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. p. 1-5 Dependence of aggregates water stability from the contents of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in the organic matter of chernozems Evgeny Milanovskiy a, Alexandr M. Rusanov b, Evgeny Shein a,* a Lomosonov Moscow State University, Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow, Russia b Orenburg State University, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Orenburg, Russia Abstract Soil humus substances are considered as a multicomponent system of amphiphilic (exhibiting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties) substances. Hydrophilic components of humus substances ensure the eluvial and eluvial—illuvial differentiation of the soil profile; hydrophobic components are responsible for the accumulative type of humus profile and the water stability of soil aggregates. Possible mechanisms for the formation of hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of humus substances and its role in stable aggregates formation are discussed. The suitability of mathematical equations has been considered for the description of the decomposition dynamics of the soil aggregates in time, the selection of the best model, and the statistical analysis of the parameters of the corresponding models. The quantitative analysis of the interrelations between the parameters characterizing the water stability and the characteristics of the soil organic matter has revealed a unimodal relationship between the parameter responsible for the water stability of the aggregates and the content of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components for the studied typical chenozem (Voronic Chernozems Pachic, WRB, 2006 or Haplic Chernozems, FAO, 1988) (Orenburg oblast). The optimal relation between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components for high aggregates water stability of typucal chernozem is about 60% of hydrophilic and 40% of hydrophobic components in the composition of soil organic matter. Keywords: soil organic matter, amphyphilic properties, soil structure, water stable aggregates, chernozem, mathematical models, quantitative estimation, comparative analysis, soil properties Introduction The results of studies of performed up to now allow humus substances to be considered as a multicomponent system. The strategy of studying such objects involves simplification by the partition of components and their separate study. This approach implies the examination of the initial multicomponent system as a mixture of some discrete states, the number of which is determined and limited by the available experimental data. The crucial problem is the choice of the discriminative criterion. Since the middle of the last century, the separation of humus substances has been based on their solubility in acids and alkalis. Although this property is never realized in natural conditions, the solubility index is accepted in soil science as a genetic characteristic of humus and soils in the whole. In spite of the wide use of the acid-alkali separation of humus substances into components, this characteristic cannot reveal the formation mechanisms of the soil humus profile and explain the reasons behind differences among the humus components in soils of different genesis. * Corresponding author. Lomosonov Moscow State University, Faculty of Soil Science, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia Tel.: +7(495)9393965 Fax: +7(495)9393684 E-mail address: [email protected] 1 Milanovskiy, E., Rusanov, A.M., Shein, E., 2013. Dependence of aggregates water stability from the contents of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in the organic matter of chernozems. EURASIAN SOIL WORKSHOP 2013, “The biophysical attributes of soil quality”. 29-31 May 2013, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. p. 1-5 The uncertain, conditional, and limited character of data on humus composition is more and more often noted in the course of their interpretation (Shein and Karpachevskii, 2007; Milanovskiy, 2009). Although the participation of humus substances in soil structurization is logically evident, the physicochemical nature of this process is far from clear. Analysis of an additional property of humus substances, which qualitatively differs in composition and genesis from the characteristic used and is somehow manifested in natural conditions, is apparently necessary. The capacity of humus substances to enter into hydrophobic interactions can serve as a more natural property of humus substances and criterion for their fractionation. The presence of humus components differing in capacity for hydrophobic interactions is confirmed by the results of salting out (Shein and Karpachevskii, 2007; Milanovskiy, 2009) and the fractionation of humus substances by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) (Milanovskiy, 2009). Really, the majority, if not the totality, of soil-forming processes proceed with the participation of water. The nature of interaction between a substance and water depends on the hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the former. All organic substances that are sources of humus substances (through humification or other processes) are of biological origin. Most biological
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