World’s Highest Performance Space World’s Highest Education Space Tall Buildings in Numbers Performance Space: A space that includes tiered/raked Education Space: A space occupied and operated by a formal levels and fi xed seating, for the purpose of observing academic institution and utilized by students and/or employees of said speakers or performers. academic institution. Due to limited data availability, this category has been ranked by the fl oor number of the highest education space. Highest Special-Purpose Spaces One Bay Tower 7 Tsinghua University Campus – Z1 Lot Shenzhen, 341 m Beijing, 231 m The research for this report was kindly Completion: 2018 Completion: 2018 #2. Since humans first began constructing tall buildings, history has been cluttered with claims commissioned by Shenzhen Tokyo, 204 m of all manner of “highest” records. In this study, we examine those claims to unconventional or Parkland Group Co., Ltd. #2. Torre Reforma Completion: 2008 Mexico City, 246 m “special-purpose” spaces that would ordinarily be found in shorter, public buildings closer Tokyo Mode Gakuen, HAL Tokyo, Completion: 2016 to street level. Though clearly a spectacular experience is the intended effect of many of these Concert Hall and Shuto Ikō: Floor 50 (181 m) spaces, in many ways these are practical accommodations of the need for diverse amenities Auditorium: 101 m 320 m Tsinghua spread throughout the vertical dimension, just as they are on the ground. #3. Cathedral of Learning #3. Elbphilharmonie University Pittsburgh, 163 m Unless stated otherwise, all measurements were taken from the highest fi nished fl oor surface available within Hamburg, 110 m Floor 50 Completion: 1936 each space. Completion: 2016 (208–212 m) University of Pittsburgh: Concert Hall: 66 m Floor 42 (145–155 m)

World’s Highest Restaurant World’s Highest Green Space #4. Daeseong D-Cube City #4. Cathedral of Learning Restaurant: Any space designed as a publicly accessible Green Space: A space in which a permanent Headquarters Bangkok, 159 m dining area. Space must include seating for guests and majority of the fl oor area is devoted to the display Seoul, 190 m Completion: 2002 Completion: 2011 an adjacent full kitchen. and enjoyment of plants. Assumption University of Performance Hall: 56 m Thailand: Floor 39 (145–155 m) Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre #5. Nakanoshima Festival #5. Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers Guangzhou, 530 m Guangzhou, 530 m Tower Nagoya, 170 m Completion: 2016 Completion: 2016 Osaka, 199 m Completion: 2008 Completion: 2012 Mode Gakuen, HAL, ISEN: Festival Hall: 38 m Floor 38 (145 m) Restaurant: 495 m Terrace (Name TBD) 495 m World’s Highest Religious Space Religious Space: A space designed and built exclusively for #2. International Commerce Centre #2. Vincom religious purposes (i.e., a refuge fl oor or break room that Hong Kong, 484 m Ho Chi Minh, 461 m may also be used for prayer would not be included). Completion: 2010 Completion: 2018 Prayer Room Ozone: 475 m Terrace: 382 m Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel 588 m #3. #3. Nanning Resources Tower Mecca, 601 m Dubai, 828 m Nanning, 403 m Completion: 2012 Completion: 2010 Completion: 2019 At.mosphere: 445 m Terrace: 312 m #2. Burj Khalifa #4. NBK Tower #4. Tianjin CTF Finance Centre #4. Yuexiu Tower 1 Dubai, 828 m Kuwait City, 300 m Tianjin, 530 m Wuhan, 330 m Completion: 2010 Completion: 2019 Completion: 2019 Completion: 2017 (Scheduled for October) Prayer Room: 566 m Restaurant: 439 m Terrace: 305 m Prayer Room: 193 m (Name TBD) #3. Great Mosque of #5. Hon Kwok City Center Algiers Tower #5. #5. Changsha IFS Tower T1 Shenzhen, 329 m Algiers, 265 m , 302 m Changsha, 452 m Completion: 2017 Completion: 2019 Completion: 2002 Completion: 2018 Terrace: 304 m Minaret Viewing King Abdullah Niccolo Kitchen, The Tea Lounge, Bar 93: 432 m Platform: 224 m Mosque: 183 m

According to Dubai’s Islamic At a height of 347 meters, the The highest pool in the world is Makkah Royal Clock Tower, Mecca, the Aff airs offi ce, due to being situated The world’s highest library is inside “BMW Rink 354” is the highest located at a 469-meter height world’s third-tallest building, holds top signifi cantly above the ground-level Tomorrow Square, Shanghai, 228 ice skating rink in the world, on level 118 of International position in three categories, including Highest horizon line, Muslim occupants meters (overall height 285 meters). The located on the 91st fl oor of Commerce Centre and is Astrological Observatory (472 meters), of Burj Khalifa must delay some world’s tallest library building is the the OKO - Residential Tower accessible to any hotel, spa, or Highest Museum (484 meters), and Highest prayers by up to 3 minutes to Shanghai Library at106 meters. in Moscow, Russia. fi tness center guests. Religious Space (588 meters). accommodate the later sunset.

52 | Tall Building in Numbers CTBUH Journal | 2019 Issue III World’s Highest Performance Space World’s Highest Education Space Performance Space: A space that includes tiered/raked Education Space: A space occupied and operated by a formal levels and fi xed seating, for the purpose of observing academic institution and utilized by students and/or employees of said speakers or performers. academic institution. Due to limited data availability, this category has been ranked by the fl oor number of the highest education space. Tower 7 Tsinghua University Campus – Z1 Lot Shenzhen, 341 m Beijing, 231 m Completion: 2018 Completion: 2018 #2. Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower Tokyo, 204 m #2. Torre Reforma Completion: 2008 Mexico City, 246 m Tokyo Mode Gakuen, HAL Tokyo, Completion: 2016 Concert Hall and Shuto Ikō: Floor 50 (181 m) Auditorium: 101 m 320 m Tsinghua #3. Cathedral of Learning #3. Elbphilharmonie University Pittsburgh, 163 m Hamburg, 110 m Floor 50 Completion: 1936 Completion: 2016 (208–212 m) University of Pittsburgh: Concert Hall: 66 m Floor 42 (145–155 m)

#4. Daeseong D-Cube City #4. Cathedral of Learning Headquarters Bangkok, 159 m Seoul, 190 m Completion: 2002 Completion: 2011 Assumption University of Performance Hall: 56 m Thailand: Floor 39 (145–155 m)

#5. Nakanoshima Festival #5. Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers Tower Nagoya, 170 m Osaka, 199 m Completion: 2008 Completion: 2012 Mode Gakuen, HAL, ISEN: Festival Hall: 38 m Floor 38 (145 m)

World’s Highest Religious Space Religious Space: A space designed and built exclusively for religious purposes (i.e., a refuge fl oor or break room that may also be used for prayer would not be included). Prayer Room Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel 588 m Mecca, 601 m Completion: 2012

#2. Burj Khalifa #4. NBK Tower Dubai, 828 m Kuwait City, 300 m Completion: 2010 Completion: 2019 (Scheduled for October) Prayer Room: 566 m Prayer Room: 193 m #3. Great Mosque of Algiers Tower #5. Kingdom Centre Algiers, 265 m Riyadh, 302 m Completion: 2019 Completion: 2002 Minaret Viewing King Abdullah Platform: 224 m Mosque: 183 m

Makkah Royal Clock Tower, Mecca, the The world’s highest library is inside world’s third-tallest building, holds top Tomorrow Square, Shanghai, 228 position in three categories, including Highest meters (overall height 285 meters). The Astrological Observatory (472 meters), world’s tallest library building is the Highest Museum (484 meters), and Highest Shanghai Library at106 meters. Religious Space (588 meters).

CTBUH Journal | 2019 Issue III Tall Building in Numbers | 53