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Soh-Joseon-Kingdom.Pdf
Asia-Pacific Economic and Business History Conference, Berkeley, 2011 (Feb. 18-20): Preliminary Draft Institutional Differences and the Great Divergence:* Comparison of Joseon Kingdom with the Great Britain Soh, ByungHee Professor of Economics Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea e-mail: [email protected] Abstract If modern Koreans in the 20th century could achieve a remarkable economic growth through industrialization, why couldn’t their ancestors in Joseon Kingdom in early modern period achieve an industrial revolution at that time? This is the fundamental question of this paper. There existed several social and institutional constraints in Joseon Kingdom (1392-1897 A.D.) in the 17th through 19th centuries that made her industrial development impossible. The strictly defined social classes and the ideology of the ruling class deprived Joseon Kingdom of the entrepreneurial spirit and the incentives to invent new technology necessary for industrial development. Markets and foreign trades were limited and money was not used in transaction until late 17th century. Technicians and engineers were held in low social esteem and there was no patent to protect an inventor’s right. The education of Confucian ethical codes was intended to inculcate loyalty to the ruling class Yangban and the King. The only way to get out of the hard commoner’s life was to pass the national civil service examination to become a scholar-bureaucrat. Joseon Kingdom was a tributary country to Qing Dynasty and as such it had to be careful about technological and industrial development not to arouse suspicion from Qing. Joseon was not an incentivized society while the Great Britain was an incentivized society that was conducive to Industrial Revolution. -
Elite Ethnic Koreans in Japanese-Dominated Manchukuo: a Case Study Based on the Thomas Gregory Song Papers Research Thesis Pres
Elite Ethnic Koreans in Japanese-Dominated Manchukuo: A Case Study Based on the Thomas Gregory Song Papers Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in History in the undergraduate college of The Ohio State University By Yasuhiro Aihara [email protected] Undergraduate Program in History The Ohio State University July 2020 Thesis Advisor: Christopher A. Reed, Department of History Copyright by Yasuhiro Aihara 2020 ii Table of Contents Vita…………………………………………………………………………………..iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..v I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………...1 II. The Song Family’s Elite Status……………………………………………………3 III. The Song Family’s Interaction with Empire……………………………………..11 IV. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….....27 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………29 iii Vita September 24, 1997: Born, Tokyo, Japan June 2016: H.S. Diploma (equivalent), Chongqing No.1 International Studies School in Chongqing, PRC August 2020: Bachelor of Arts, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Fields of Study Main Field: History and International Relation (East Asian) iv Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to Professors Christopher A. Reed, Philip C. Brown, and Ann Marie L. Davis for their helpful suggestions, criticism, and patience throughout the writing process. I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Anastasia Song, who donated Thomas Gregory Song’s Papers to The Ohio State University Libraries, and to Thomas Song, whose story not only provided the inspiration for this thesis, but also prompted me to rethink my own experience of transnational migration. Furthermore, I am grateful to Joseph Henares, Dr. Jing Zhao, and Patrick Nash who proofread multiple drafts of this project and offered encouragement. Of course, any remaining errors are my own. -
Bridled Tigers: the Military at Korea's Northern Border, 1800–1863
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Bridled Tigers: The Military At Korea’s Northern Border, 1800–1863 Alexander Thomas Martin University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Martin, Alexander Thomas, "Bridled Tigers: The Military At Korea’s Northern Border, 1800–1863" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3499. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3499 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3499 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bridled Tigers: The Military At Korea’s Northern Border, 1800–1863 Abstract The border, in late Chosŏn rhetoric, was an area of pernicious wickedness; living near the border made the people susceptible to corruption and violence. For Chosŏn ministers in the nineteenth century, despite two hundred years of peace, the threat remained. At the same time, the military institutions created to contain it were failing. For much of the late Chosŏn the site of greatest concern was the northern border in P’yŏngan and Hamgyŏng provinces, as this area was the site of the largest rebellion and most foreign incursions in the first half of the nineteenth century. This study takes the northern border as the most fruitful area for an inquiry into the Chosŏn dynasty’s conceptions of and efforts at border defense. Using government records, reports from local officials, literati writings, and local gazetteers, this study provides a multifaceted image of the border and Chosŏn policies to control it. This study reveals that Chosŏn Korea’s concept of border defense prioritized containment over confrontation, and that their policies were successful in managing the border until the arrival of Western imperial powers whose invasions upended Chosŏn leaders’ notions of national defense. -
The Marriage Market for Immigrant Families in Chos˘Onkorea After the Imjin War: Women, Integration, and Cultural Capital»
This is the accepted version of the article: Han, Sang Woo. «The marriage market for immigrant families in Chos˘onKorea after the Imjin War: women, integration, and cultural capital». International Journal of Asian Studies, 2021, p. 1. DOI 10.1017/S1479591420000558 This version is available at https://ddd.uab.cat/record/236500 under the terms of the license THE MARRIAGE MARKET FOR IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN CHOSŎN KOREA AFTER THE IMJIN WAR: WOMEN, INTEGRATION, AND CULTURAL CAPITAL Sangwoo Han [email protected] Acknowledgments This work received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (No 758347). 1 Abstract Challenging the myth of premodern Korea as ethnically homogenous, this study focuses on immigrant marriages in Chosŏn Korea following Japanese invasions (Imjin War, 1592-1598). By examining household registers and genealogies, I investigate the status of women who married into the families of Japanese and Ming Chinese immigrants and the social consequences of such marriages. The results unexpectedly indicate that immigrant families rarely intermarried, preferring integration with local families. As a means of acquiring social and cultural capital, Korean brides from elite families were vital to the success of immigrant families in forming social networks and in producing candidates for the civil service examinations, with failure to obtain such a bride proving a potential long-term obstacle to social advancement. There is a noticeable difference between families of Chinese and Japanese origin in this context due to the preference shown by Korean families for the descendants of Ming generals over Japanese defectors. -
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Embodiments of Korean Mask Dance (T'alch'um) from the 1960s to the 1980s: Traversing National Identity, Subjectivity, Gender Binary Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vj4q8r2 Author Ha, Sangwoo Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Embodiments of Korean Mask Dance (T’alch’um) from the 1960s to the 1980s: Traversing National Identity, Subjectivity, Gender Binary A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Critical Dance Studies by Sangwoo Ha June 2015 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Linda J. Tomko, Chairperson Dr. Anthea Kraut Dr. Jennifer Doyle Copyright by Sangwoo Ha 2015 The Dissertation of Sangwoo Ha is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgments I would like to take this opportunity to thank several people who shared their wisdom and kindness with me during my journey. First, Dr. Linda J. Tomko, who offered to be my advisor, introduced me to notions about embodying dances past, critical thinking, and historical research approaches. Not only did she help guide me through this rigorous process, she also supported me emotionally when I felt overwhelmed and insecure about my abilities as a scholar. Her edits and comments were invaluable, and her enthusiasm for learning will continue to influence my future endeavors. I offer my sincere gratitude to my committee members, Dr. Anthea Kraut, Dr. Priya Srinivasan, and Dr. Jennifer Doyle. They all supported me academically throughout my career at the University of California, Riverside. -
The Paekchong: "Untouchables" of Korea
THE PAEKCHONG: "UNTOUCHABLES" OF KOREA. SooN MAN RHIM Introduction The most outcast group in Korean society was the Paekchong.1 Their origins, their social treatment and their occupations are described in this paper. In addition, considerable coverage is given to the' steps by which they were elevated to the common level of Korean society. Until the recent past, the Paekchong had no social status to speak o£.2 They were subjected to the cruelest treatment and persecution, just like the untouchables of India or the Eta (out castes) of Japan. 1. The Origins of the Paek_chong There were various legends regarding the origins of the Paekchong. According to one legend, when Prince Hau of Tan'gun, who reputed- ly set up Korea's first kingdom in 233 B. C., attended the assembly of all nations, he assigned a temporary duty to each attendant. The des- cendants of those who were appointed to slaughter cattle became the Paekchong. Another mythology relates that when Kija of the Un Dynasty fled to Korea and set up capital of Pyongyang, he handed all the criminals over to the despised classes, or ch'onmin. After aperiod of time these classes· became the Paekchong. 1 Since the Koryo Period (918-1392) the term Paekchong simply meant "common people," as in T'ang China. .Because of the assimilation policy of the early kings of the Yi Period (1392-1910), th(;) :term b_ecame associated with the despised outcastes. Consequently, this derogatory notation has been reserved for them ever since. See Herbert Passin, "The Paekchong of Korea," Monumenta Nipponica, XII (Tokyo, 1956), pp. -
The Politics of Gender in Colonial Korea
1p.Yoo, Politics 9/10/07 12:43 PM Page 15 chapter one Women in ChosQn Korea If the family of a scholar’s wife lives in poverty and destitution, there is no reason why she should not work a little if it serves as a means of survival. In so far as raising chicken and ducks, buying and selling soy sauce, vinegar, wine, and oil . securing [her] family’s livelihood should not be her only reason; after all it is one of [her] many sugong [tasks for women]. Yi TQng-mu, SasojQl (A scholar’s minor matter of etiquette), 1775 Innaech’Qn; sa-in yQch’Qn Every human being is an embodiment of heaven; serve every human being as you would serve heaven. Ch’oe Che-u, Yongdam yusa (Hymns from Dragon Pool), 1860 In his 1895 memoir, Henry Savage-Landor describes his first encoun- ters with Korean women upon his arrival in the capital: “I remember how astonished I was during the first few days that I was in Seoul, at the fact that every woman I came across in the streets was just on the point of opening a door and entering a house.... The idea suddenly dawned upon me that it was only a trick on their part to evade being seen.”1 Under the leadership of Yi SQng-gye (1335–1408), the founders of the ChosQn dynasty (1392–1910) had launched a series of social, economic, 15 Copyrighted Material 1p.Yoo, Politics 9/10/07 12:43 PM Page 16 16 / Women in ChosQn Korea and political reforms designed to transform the kingdom into a male- dominated neo-Confucian society. -
Imjin Namhaeng Illok 壬辰南行日錄 (Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592)
Imjin namhaeng illok (Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592) O Hŭimun ( 1539–1613), Michael C. E. Finch Acta Koreana, Volume 22, Number 2, December 2019, pp. 369-398 (Article) Published by Keimyung University, Academia Koreana For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/756395 [ Access provided at 25 Sep 2021 17:10 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] ACTA KOREANA Vol. 22, No. 2, December 2019: 369–398 Imjin namhaeng illok 壬辰南行日錄 (Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592) By O HŬIMUN (吳希文 1539–1613) Translated, annotated, and introduced by MICHAEL C. E. FINCH O Hŭimun (吳希文 1539–1613), the author of “Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592” (Imjin namhaeng illok 壬辰南行日錄), was a scion of the Haeju O ssi (descent group) and his gravesite can be found today at Osan-li, Mohyŏn-myŏn, Yongin, Kyŏnggi Province. Although O Hŭimun never rose to political prominence or even passed the civil service examination, he was the father of O Yun’gyŏm (吳允謙 1559–1636), who acted as Korea’s “communication envoy” (t’ongsinsa 通信使) to Japan in 1617 some twenty years after the conclusion of the Japanese invasions of Korea at the end of the sixteenth century. O Yun’gyŏm eventually rose to the position of chief state councilor (yŏngŭijŏng 領議政) in the reign of King Injo (r. 1623–1649). O Hŭimun was also the grandfather of O Talche (吳達濟1609–1637), who as one of the “three learned gentlemen” (samhaksa 三學士) was executed at the age of twenty-eight for his opposition to Chosŏn’s peace negotiations with the invading Manchu forces in 1636 (Pyŏngja horan 丙子胡亂).1 Although finally attaining the junior ninth rank post of supervisor in the office of carpentry and works (sŏn’gonggam kamyŏk 繕工監監役) through the influence of his son O Yun’gyŏm at court, O Hŭimun has earned his place in the history of the Chosŏn era as one of the pre-eminent diarists of the Imjin War (1592–1598) period. -
Lunar New Year Macarthur, General Douglas
894 Lunar New Year The lunar New Year, known as 561, W6ndan, W6ni! or Cbongch '0, is one of the most important holidays in Korea. During this holiday, there are traffic jams throughout the country as people rush to see their family and relatives. On the morning of Lunar New Year, people don traditional dress (hanbok). Various foods and wine are prepared, and then set in front of an ancestral tablet. The table is meticulously arranged according to Confucian tradition; however, many families also have their own traditions governing details of the arrangement. In general, fish is put on the east, meat on the west, fruit in front, rice and soup behind and liquor on the front table. A ceremony is then held during which the male family members pay respect to their deceased ancestors up to the fourth generation by making three full bows. Family members also visit the graves of their deceased ancestors. On this holiday, after cutting the grass from around the grave, they make a simple offering and then bow three times. In addition to paying respect to the deceased, each family member is expected to make two formal bows to his or her elders. According to custom, the elders then give the person a gift of money, particularly if the person is a child. Special foods are prepared for this holiday. In particular, rice-cake soup is typically served instead ofrice. For this reason, the question 'How many bowls of rice-cake soup have you eaten?' is sometimes used to ask one's age. In North Korea and China, mandu (dumpling) soup is often eaten instead. -
887 © the Author(S) 2019 Kim Dae-Jung, Conscience in Action, NUMBERS and SYMBOLS
INDEX1 NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS 1987 Revolution, 329–340, 862 2nd Marine Division, 98 June Uprising, 329–340 See also Blue Dragon Division See also June 29 Declaration, 862 3-step reunification plan, 166, 381, 1992 Agreed Framework, 661 408, 426, 612 See also Agreement on 3-term constitutional amendment, Reconciliation, Non- 144, 158, 741 Aggression, and Exchanges 3-way South Korea-United States- and Cooperation Between Japan cooperation, 634 South and North 5-year Economic Development Plan, 1992 Agreement, 637–639, 643 78, 80, 85, 238, 239 1993 U.S.-DPRK Joint Communiqué, 9th Infantry Division (White Horse 543, 640, 662 Division), 98 1994 Agreed Framework, 9/11 terrorist attack, 710 541, 735, 837 See also September 11 Attack See also 1994 Geneva Agreed The 21st Century and East Asia, 826 Framework Between the 21st Century Committee, The, 600 United States of America 38th Parallel, 19, 26, and the Democratic People’s 627, 664 Republic of Korea; 1994 55th UN Plenary Session, 660 U.S.-North Korean Agreed 100 Most Influential People, 863 Framework 1Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ denote notes. © The Author(s) 2019 887 Kim Dae-jung, Conscience in Action, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7623-7 888 INDEX 1994 Geneva Agreed Framework Agreement on Reconciliation, Between the United States of Non-Aggression, and Exchanges America and the Democratic and Cooperation Between South People’s Republic of Korea, 637 and North, 632 See also 1994 Agreed Framework; See also 1992 Agreed Framework 1994 U.S.-North Korean Ahn, Byung Mu, 219, 220, 287, Agreed -
Was the Korean Slave Market Efficient?
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Was the Korean slave market efficient? Brezis, Elise S. and Kim, Heeho Bar-Ilan University, Kyungpook National University March 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14735/ MPRA Paper No. 14735, posted 19 Apr 2009 23:53 UTC March 2009 Was the Korean Slave Market Efficient? Elise S. Brezis Bar-Ilan University, Israel and Minerva Center for Economic Growth, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Heeho Kim* Department of Economics, KNU, Korea Abstract Over the decades, the traditional condemnation of slavery has been based not only on philosophical argumentation and moral values, but also on the conjecture that slavery was inefficient. This position led to one of the most passionate debates in economic history on the efficiency of the US slave market. This question of efficiency has not been analyzed on the slave market in Korea. The aim of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of the Korean slave market by examining the behavior of slave prices during the period 1689-1893. In order to do so, we collected long-run series of slave prices from nationwide surveys of more than 25 public and private historical records. We then tested whether the slave market was efficient using the arbitrage asset equation. We found slavery to have been efficient most of the time. JEL classification: N15 ; N35 Keywords: arbitrage asset equation; efficient markets; Korea; slave * We wish to thank Ann Carlos, Frank Lewis, Stephen Morgan, Peter Temin, and Warren Young; as well as conference participants at the Sixth World Congress of Cliometrics, and participants at seminars in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Azrieli Center for their helpful comments. -
363661-Sample.Pdf
Sample file ADVENTURER’S GUIDE TO JEOSUNG AUTHOR were used in the layout of this book Aurélien Lainé PROOFREADERS MECHANICS WRITERS Bruno Giraudon, Greg Schiestl, Andrew T. Ha, Dean Baker, Guy Larke Jr., Nicolás Castagnet, Omoye Boroni Michael Mars Russell SPECIAL THANKS EDITORS I would like to thank all the backers of the 2019 Daniel Kwan & Emilie Blain Kickstarter campaign that made this book a reality. There was a mountain of impossibilities between the ILLUSTRATORS idea for this book and its publication. You hammered down the mountain into a small hill that made Brandon Chen, Joel Rong, Khanh Bui, Tommy Lee everything possible. Thank you all very much. MAPS ILLUSTRATORS EXTRA SPECIAL THANKS Daniel Hasenbos & Léo Marbacher This book is a labor of love which took me over 3 years to complete. It wouldn’t have been possible without the LAYOUT support of my family back in France, my family here in Aurélien Lainé South Korea, and my friends all around the world. STOCK ART Thank you all very much for your support. Designs from Freepix and Shutterstock Except as otherwise identified, all portions of this book are © 2020 Red Scales Publishing All rights reserved. The Koryo Hall of Adventures, the Koryo Hall of Adventures logo, and all related marks and images are © 2020 Red Scales Publishing. The mention of, use of or reference to any company, trademark or product in this book is Samplenot a challenge to the trademark or copyright in question. file www.hallofadventures.com Table of Contents Preface .........................................5