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THE MYTH of 'TERRIBLE TURK' and 'LUSTFUL TURK' Nevs
THE WESTERN IMAGE OF TURKS FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE 21ST CENTURY: THE MYTH OF ‘TERRIBLE TURK’ AND ‘LUSTFUL TURK’ Nevsal Olcen Tiryakioglu A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2015 Copyright Statement This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner(s) of the Intellectual Property Rights. i Abstract The Western image of Turks is identified with two distinctive stereotypes: ‘Terrible Turk’ and ‘Lustful Turk.’ These stereotypical images are deeply rooted in the history of the Ottoman Empire and its encounters with Christian Europe. Because of their fear of being dominated by Islam, European Christians defined the Turks as the wicked ‘Other’ against their perfect ‘Self.’ Since the beginning of Crusades, the Western image of Turks is associated with cruelty, barbarity, murderousness, immorality, and sexual perversion. These characteristics still appear in cinematic representations of Turks. In Western films such as Lawrence of Arabia and Midnight Express, the portrayals of Turks echo the stereotypes of ‘terrible Turk’ and ‘lustful Turk.’ This thesis argues that these stereotypes have transformed into a myth and continued to exist uniformly in Western contemporary cinema. The thesis attempts to ascertain the uniformity and consistency of the cinematic image of Turks and determine the associations between this image and the myths of ‘terrible Turk’ and ‘lustful Turk.’ To achieve this goal, this thesis examines the trajectory of the Turkish image in Western discourse between the 11th and 21st centuries. -
Prison Escapes 2
PRISON ESCAPES 2 17th century • In 1621 Dutch author Hugo Grotius escaped from Loevestein where he was held captive by hiding himself inside a book coffin. He was then smuggled outside. 18th century • Jack Sheppard took to theft and burglary in 1723, and was arrested and imprisoned five times in 1724 but escaped four times, making him a notorious public figure and wildly popular with the poorer classes. • The Italian author and adventurer Giacomo Casanova escaped from prison in 1757. 19th century • Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from his prison on the island Elba in 1815 and returned to Europe in an attempt to restore his Empire. • The notorious outlaw Billy The Kid managed to escape from prison in 1881, but was captured and shot by Pat Garrett only a few months later. 1900-1950 • German Naval Air Service Kapitänleutnant Gunther Plüschow escaped from the Donington Hall prisoner of war camp in 1915. • John Dillinger served time at the Indiana State Penitentiary at Michigan City, until 1933, when he was paroled. Within four months, he was back in jail in Lima, Ohio , but his gang sprang him, killing the jailer, Sheriff Jessie Sarber. Most of the gang was captured again by the end of the year in Tucson, Arizona , due to a fire at the Historic Hotel Congress. Dillinger alone was sent to the Lake County jail in Crown Point, Indiana . He was to face trial for the suspected killing of police officer William O'Malley during a bank shootout in East Chicago, Indiana , some time after his escape from jail. During this time on trial, a famous photograph was taken of Dillinger putting his arm on prosecutor Robert Estill's shoulder when suggested to him by reporters. -
Prison Escapes 6
PRISON ESCAPES 6 Alfred George Hinds Alfred George "Alfie" Hinds (1917, Newington Butts, London – January 5, 1991) was a British criminal who, while serving a 12-year prison sentence for robbery, successfully broke out of three high security prisons. Despite the dismissal of thirteen of his appeals to higher courts, he was eventually able to gain a pardon using his knowledge of the British legal system. [citation needed ] Biography Hinds grew up in a children's home following the death of his father, a thief who died while receiving ten lashes (from a cat 'o 6) as a form of corporal punishment for armed robbery, before running away at the age of seven. Eventually arrested for petty theft, he would later escape a Borstal institution for teenage delinquents. Although drafted into the British Army during the Second World War, Hinds deserted from the armed forces and continued his criminal career before his eventual arrest for a jewellery robbery in 1953 ($90,000 of which was never recovered by authorities) [citation needed ]. Although pleading not guilty, he was convicted and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. However, Hinds later escaped from Nottingham Prison after sneaking through the locked doors and over a 20-foot prison wall for which he became known in the press as "Houdini" Hinds. He worked as a builder-decorator in Ireland and throughout Europe until his arrest by detectives of Scotland Yard in 1956 after 248 days as a fugitive.[1] After his arrest, Hinds brought a lawsuit against authorities charging the prison commissioners with illegal arrest and successfully used the incident as a means to plan his next escape by having a padlock smuggled in to him while at the Law Courts. -
Duke Riley - the Smugglers & the Filmmakers
DUKE RILEY - THE SMUGGLERS & THE FILMMAKERS SPANISH MARIE - THE SMUGGLERS Marie Waite, famously known as “Spanish Marie,” was married to Charlie Waite, also known as “the King of Rum Running”. She took up his business once she found his corpse washed ashore on the Biscayne Bay in 1926. She stationed herself in Havana where her business skills led her into a more prominent role in the profession, controlling most of the criminal liquor trade from Havana to Key West. Marie ran booze from Palm Beach to Key West with fifteen of the fastest contact boats. On March 12, 1928 in Coconut Grove Miami, Marie was unloading 5,526 bottles of liquor from her boat when she and her crew were caught and her empire fell apart. BILL MCCOY - THE SMUGGLERS LIVED: 1877–1948 Bill McCoy was a sailor from Syracuse, New York whose admiration for boating vessels led him into a career of designing deluxe speedboats for millionaires. This love for boats is also what pulled him into the bootlegging business. His ship, the Arethusa, a floating liquor store with a swiveling machine gun prominently in view, would transport $8 cases of liquor from the Bahamas to Martha’s Vineyard, profiting $300,000 per trip. ADMIRAL FINBAR - THE SMUGGLERS Captain Finbar Gittleman came to Key West in the early 1970s. His 74-foot topsail schooner Wolf, is the flagship of the Conch Republic (Key West’s alter ego) and in his role as Admiral and First Sea Lord of the Conch Republic, Admiral Finbar directs an annual sea battle from the ship, commemorating the 1982 birth of the republic. -
Mapping the British Biopic: Evolution, Conventions, Reception and Masculinities
Mapping the British Biopic: Evolution, Conventions, Reception and Masculinities Matthew Robinson A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of the West of England, Bristol for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Arts, Creative Industries and Education, University of the West of England, Bristol June 2016 90,792 words Contents Abstract 2 Chapter One: Introduction 3 Chapter Two: Critical Review 24 Chapter Three: Producing the British Biopic 1900-2014 63 Chapter Four: The Reception of the British Biopic 121 Chapter Five: Conventions and Themes of the British 154 Biopic Chapter Six: This is His Story: ‘Wounded’ Men and 200 Homosocial Bonds Chapter Seven: The Contemporary British Biopic 1: 219 Wounded Men Chapter Eight: The Contemporary British Biopic 2: 263 Homosocial Recoveries Chapter Nine: Conclusion 310 Bibliography 323 General Filmography 355 Appendix One: Timeline of the British Biopic 1900-2014 360 Appendix Two: Distribution of Gender and Professional 390 Field in the British Biopic 1900-2014 Appendix Three: Column and Pie Charts of Gender and 391 Profession Distribution in British Biopics Appendix Four: Biopic Production as Proportion of Total 394 UK Film Production Previously Published Material 395 1 Abstract This thesis offers a revaluation of the British biopic, which has often been subsumed into the broader ‘historical film’ category, identifying a critical neglect despite its successful presence throughout the history of the British film industry. It argues that the biopic is a necessary category because producers, reviewers and cinemagoers have significant investments in biographical subjects, and because biopics construct a ‘public history’ for a broad audience. -
The United States Treaties on Transfer of Prisoners: a Survey, 17 Pac
Masthead Logo McGeorge Law Review Volume 17 | Issue 3 Article 3 1-1-1986 The nitU ed States Treaties on Transfer of Prisoners: A Survey Robert L. Pisani International Legal Defense Counsel Theodore Simon International Legal Defense Counsel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/mlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Robert L. Pisani & Theodore Simon, The United States Treaties on Transfer of Prisoners: A Survey, 17 Pac. L. J. 823 (1986). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/mlr/vol17/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Law Reviews at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in McGeorge Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Articles The United States Treaties on Transfer of Prisoners: A Survey ROBERT L. PISANI* THEODORE SIMON, ESQ.** One of the outstanding success stories in international criminal law' over the last decade has been the proliferation of treaties on the transfer of penal sanctions, commonly referred to as prisoner transfer treaties. Such treaties permit individuals imprisoned, and in some in- stances, on parole, in foreign countries to return to their home coun- try to serve out their sentences or their parole terms. While such an idea can be traced back more than a century, proliferation of these treaties has come only in the past two decades when international travel has become a reality for large numbers of people. Many articles have been written on the legal impact of prisoner transfer treaties. -
Prison Escapes 8
PRISON ESCAPES 8 Amazing Prison Escape In France A gang used rocket launchers and heavy weapons to blow open the outer doors of a French prison and free one of the inmates in a spectacular jail break. A group of at least four men in police uniform attacked the prison in Fresnes, south of Paris, to free Antonio Ferrara, an Italian national convicted of armed robbery who had already escaped from jail once. The men fired repeatedly with rocket launchers at the prison doors to blow them open and at the watchtowers, causing serious damage but no injuries. They entered the prison through two separate doors and then passed explosives to Ferrara, who used them to blast through the bars over his cell window and escape, in the third jail break this year in France. The entire operation at the Fresnes prison, home to some 1,800 inmates, only lasted 15 minutes. Ferrara, 29 -- who was sentenced in January to eight years in prison for two bank hold- ups committed in 1997 -- fled with his accomplices in a waiting car, which police believe had been stolen and fitted with false license plates. The fugitive, also known as "Succo", escaped from prison in 1998 during a doctor's visit with the help of an accomplice, and unsuccessfully attempted to break out of La Sante prison in central Paris last summer by using explosives. French Justice Minister Dominique Perben, who rushed to the scene immediately following the incident, deplored what he called a "military-type operation", saying the culprits had used "weapons of war". -
Prison Escapes 5
PRISON ESCAPES 5 CONTENTS Redoine Faid (2013) George Blake (1966) Julien Chautard (2009) Prison Transit Van Escapes Pentonville Colditz Bizarre Escape attempts Many Others – Summaries for Discussion Redoine Faid escapes: It wasn't the first time that Faid, an armed robber being held in the death of a police officer, had gone on the lam. Here are a few other notorious prison escapes. • A special police officer stands guard in front the jail of Sequedin near Lille, northern France, April 14. Redoine Faid, an inmate, used explosives and took hostages to escape out of jail on Saturday morning, local media reported. PARIS Redoine Faid's escape from a French prison landed him on Interpol's most wanted list Monday, two days after he took four guards hostage and used explosives hidden inside tissue packets to blast his way out of a prison in Lille. Faid freed his hostages along his getaway route. It wasn't the first time that Faid, an armed robber being held in the death of a police officer, had gone on the lam. He was arrested in 1998 after three years on the run in Switzerland and Israel, according to the French media. Faid was freed after serving 10 years of his 31-year sentence, then swore he had turned his life around, writing a confessional book about his life of crime and going on an extensive media tour. "When I was on the run, I lived all the time with death, with fear of the police, fear of getting shot," he told Europe 1 radio at the time. -
Serassis / Kania / Albrecht (Eds.) Images of Crime
Serassis / Kania / Albrecht (Eds.) Images of Crime III Kriminologische Forschungsberichte Herausgegeben von Hans-Jörg Albrecht und Günther Kaiser Band K 144 Images of Crime III Representations of Crime and the Criminal Telemach Serassis / Harald Kania / Hans-Jörg Albrecht (Eds.) sdfghjk Duncker & Humblot ! Berlin Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. DOI https://doi.org/10.30709/978-3-86113-096-6 Alle Rechte vorbehalten © 2008 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. c/o Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht Günterstalstraße 73, 79100 Freiburg i.Br. http://www.mpicc.de Vertrieb in Gemeinschaft mit Duncker & Humblot GmbH, Berlin http://www.duncker-humblot.de Cover picture: George ’Crime79©’ Ibanez Druck: Stückle Druck und Verlag, Stückle-Straße 1, 77955 Ettenheim Printed in Germany ISSN 1861-5937 ISBN 978-3-86113-096-6 (Max-Planck-Institut) ISBN 978-3-428-13058-0 (Duncker & Humblot) Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem (säurefreiem) Papier entsprechend ISO 9706 Preface Robert Reiner When Ioriginally agreed to write thePrefacefor this third volumeofthe Images of Crime series on ‘Representations of Crimeand the Criminal’, it was my intention to praise avaluable andflourishinginitiative. Yet it seems, sadly, that my role is theob- verse of Shakespeare’s Mark Antony. Icametopraise the series,not to bury it – but unfortunately my role seemstohave become that of valedictorian.The series was valuable and vitallyimportant becauseitembodied aconception of criminologythat has beensomethingofanendangeredspecies in the last three decades of neo-liberal triumphalism, and remains imperilleddespite the weakeningofmarketfundament- alism sincecreditcrunchedlastyear. -
Midnight Express
MIDNIGHT EXPRESS Screenplay by Oliver Stone Based on The Autobiography by Billy Hayes with William Hoffer The contents of this screenplay IXEVISED DRAFT are confidential and copyright J'Jp3E) 1977 of Columbia Pictures Inc. 1. PROLOGUE BLACK SCREEN - SUPERIMPOSE: THE FOLLOWING IS BASED ON A TRUE STORY. IT BEG&J OCTOBER 6, 1970 IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY- SOU?JD U?XJER, sharp: CR,ACKLE - RIP - SNIP.., FADE IN: 2. A SET OF CLOTHES ON A IiOTEL ROOM BED -- trenchcoat, bulky white tu?Xlefleck sweater, T-shirt, jeans, Western style boots. X)iMXdcontinue, accentuated. r\lOVE across open TRAVEL BAGS on Possessions CONTIN?? across FUPXITURE, ,WASHBAS&, TOILET...a larpe room high old ceilings and windows-: suggesting ancient Europe& desikn; & h.?unting greenish AFTER- NOON light. WE MOVE TO HAHDS, TIGHT -- drawing out a strip of adhesive tape, 3. SCISSORS move in TIGHT...SNIP! 4. UIJDERARN, TIGHT. TAPE being laid over it. 5. BACK OF SHOULDER, TIGHT. TAPE going on. 6. BELLYBUTTCM, TIGHT. TAPE going over, Then: a harsh RIP! SOUND and the tape comes off the bellybutton. 7. HANDS with new strip of tape. Moving to: 3. HASEISH PLAQUE. Four of them, thinly pressed. One on top of the other. The HAM3 wrapping a portion of the TAPE around them and: 9. BELLY, TIGHT. SOUNDS of BREATBIXG stop. The belly is sucked in. The TAPE is pulled MRD across, then CINC'KED. We hear F.X. of HE-ART BEAT- MOVE UP THE CHEST TO: 10. BILLY HAYES - 21, babyface, attractive, medium build - an aura of innocence. His eyes moving off his belly to: 11. -
P Litical Reflection
September-October-November 2010 | Vol. 1 | No. 3 P LITICALLITICAL REFLECTIONEFLECTION P R Quarterly “Advancing Diversity” History Today: the Specter of Deep State (Contra-Guerrillas) Still Haunts Turkey By Prof. Bülent Gökay ‘Nonoy’ and the Future of Peace in Mindanao, Philippines By Prof. Alpaslan Özerdem The ‘War against Women’ in Muslim societies By Dr. Ayla Göl Culture, epistemology and foreign policy: An alternative reading of U.S.- Turkish relations within the context of the Middle East By Dr. H. Akın Ünver Interview with HE Dr. Muhamet Hamiti 888X - Ambassador of the Republic of Kosovo to the UK ISSN 2042 Published by the Centre for Strategic Research and Analysis (CESRAN) A Multinational, Global Think-tank For “Advancing Diversity” UK Turkey USA www.cesran.org Chairman Ozgur TUFEKCI Executive Editor Alper Tolga BULUT Managing Editor Husrev TABAK Letters to World Stories Editor Aksel ERSOY the Editor Turkey Review Editor K. Kaan RENDA Europe Review Editor Paula SANDRIN Eurasia Review Editor Duygu UCKUN Caucasus Review Editor Zaur SHIRIYEV Political Reflection welcomes letters to the editor. Middle East Review Editor Murad DUZCU Readers should address their comments to China Review Editor Antony OU [email protected] Global City Analysis Editor Fatih EREN Brief History Editor Tamer KASIKCI Letters should not exceed 500 words and may be edited for Film Review Editor Alaaddin F. PAKSOY length and clarity. Recent Books Editors Umit CALIK Tamer KASIKCI Letters sent by e-mail should include the writer’s full name, Abdullah UZUN address and home telephones. Senior Contributors Can ERBIL (Dr.) Kurtulus GEMICI (Dr.) Bulent GOKAY (Prof.) Ayla GOL (Dr.) ADVERTISING Bayram GUNGOR (Assoc. -
Original Paper Midnight Express As a Product of Hollywood Orientalism
Communication, Society and Media ISSN 2576-5388 (Print) ISSN 2576-5396 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/csm Original Paper Midnight Express as a Product of Hollywood Orientalism Goksu Gigi Akkan1* 1 Blanquerna - Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain * Goksu Gigi Akkan, Blanquerna - Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain Received: February 6, 2018 Accepted: March 1, 2018 Online Published: April 19, 2018 doi:10.22158/csm.v1n1p20 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v1n1p20 Abstract The concept of Orientalism has been a forthcoming issue in film studies, be it the (mis)representation of minority groups in Hollywood, or white-washing people of color characters in remakes of films from “the Orient”, or through a complete omission of representation of these characters. Ideology is a great aspect in shaping the views of the masses, and as they become more embedded in cultural devices such as films, the more soft power they deploy and the more problematic they become. In Foucauldian terms, knowledge about the Orient is produced through films made by the Occident, and thanks to their infinite capital and wide distribution networks, the West, particularly America, is far more successful in retaining a cross-cultural dominance through this power/knowledge structure. This paper aims to deconstruct the motives behind Oliver Stone & Alan Parker’s 1978 film Midnight Express, in terms of putting Turkey and Turkish people in the Oriental position and putting Western and White characters in the Occidental epistemological positions. Some questions this paper tackles include “How does Orientalism work in the context of Film Studies? Does the Gaze grant a monolithic and unidirectional look at the Orient instead of the Occident?” Keywords film studies, Edward Said, Orientalism, Occidentalism, representation “Orientalist discourse was neither monolithic nor unidirectional, but much more complex and heterogeneous” (Sinha, 1995, p.