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August Thyssen Und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza Briefe Einer Industriellenfamilie 1919–1926

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August Thyssen Und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza Briefe Einer Industriellenfamilie 1919–1926 August Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza Briefe einer Industriellenfamilie 1919–1926 Herausgegeben von Manfred Rasch Bearbeitet und annotiert von Carl-Friedrich Baumann (†) und Vera Schmidt Manfred Rasch (Hg.) August Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza © Klartext Verlag 2010 Umschlagabbildungen: Bronzebüste von August Thyssen 1923 angefertigt von Georg Kolbe (1877–1947) fotografiert mit einer posthum entstandenen Bronzebüste von Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza. Fotomontage: Karsten Enderlein von der ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG Fotografie, 2010. Erste Seite des Briefs August Thyssen an Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza vom 26.09.1925. Redaktion: Astrid Dörnemann, Duisburg 1. Auflage März 2010 Satz und Gestaltung: Klartext Medienwerkstatt GmbH, Essen Umschlaggestaltung: Volker Pecher, Essen Druck und Bindung: Strauss GmbH, Mörlenbach © Klartext Verlag, Essen 2010 ISBN 978-3-8375-0331-9 Alle Rechte vorbehalten www.klartext-verlag.de Manfred Rasch (Hg.) August Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza © Klartext Verlag 2010 Inhalt 7 Vorwort des Herausgebers 9 Manfred Rasch: August Thyssen und sein Sohn Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza. Die zweite und dritte Unternehmergeneration Thyssen Die Briefedition 79 Vera Schmidt: Zu den Briefen und ihrer Edition Briefe aus den Jahren zwischen 1919 und 1926: 89 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1919 121 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1920 133 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1921 147 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1922 177 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1923 265 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1924 359 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1925 433 Briefe aus dem Jahr 1926 447 Sach- und Personenkommentar Anhang 571 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis 594 Autorenverzeichnis 595 Abbildungsnachweis 596 Register 634 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 637 Danksagung Manfred Rasch (Hg.) August Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza © Klartext Verlag 2010 Manfred Rasch (Hg.) August Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza © Klartext Verlag 2010 7 Vorwort Einblicke in eine Industriellenfamilie und in ein Privatunternehmen, das in den 1920er-Jah- ren zu den Großen im Deutschen Reich zählte, gewähren die hier abgedruckten 214 Briefe (und ein Testament!). Der Leser erfährt Interna zu Personal- und Finanzentscheidungen, zu geplanten Firmenzusammenschlüssen und zur Gründung der Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG, zu Geschäftspraktiken in der Montanindustrie und zur Wahrnehmung des politisch-gesellschaft- lichen Umfelds. Nicht weniger bedeutsam ist, dass diese Briefe Aufschluss geben über Privates; man erfährt Familiäres, den Streit des Vaters August Thyssen mit seinen Kindern, von den Spannungen der Geschwister Fritz, August junior, Hedwig und Heinrich untereinander, aber auch von der Energie August Thyssens, der Ende 1925 noch Briefe schreibt, die er wegen seiner Augenerkrankung selbst schon nicht mehr lesen kann. Die Forschungslage zur Unternehmerfamilie Thyssen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahr - hunderts ist noch nicht als gut zu bezeichnen, dies gilt sicherlich für die letzten Lebensjahr- zehnte des Firmengründers August Thyssen ebenso wie für seinen Sohn Fritz, der oft nur als Förderer des Nationalsozialismus beschrieben wird. Eine kritische Würdigung seines unter- nehmerischen Lebensweges steht noch aus. Gleiches trifft auch für seinen Bruder Heinrich Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza zu. Der Begründer einer der bedeutendsten europäischen priva- ten Kunstsammlungen des 20. Jahrhunderts, zudem über zwei Jahrzehnte als Eigentümer- unternehmer verantwortlich tätig, hat bisher ebenfalls noch keine adäquate wissenschaftliche Biografie erhalten. Manche der genannten Defizite wird das Forschungsprojekt »Die Unternehmerfamilie Thyssen im 20. Jahrhundert« aufarbeiten, das gemeinsam von der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, Köln, und der Stiftung zur Industriegeschichte Thyssen, Duisburg, finanziert wird. Die Projektmit- arbeiter haben ihre Arbeit 2009 aufgenommen. Unabhängig davon soll die allgemeine For- schungsgrundlage zur Unternehmensgeschichtsschreibung dadurch verbessert werden, dass ein Briefkonvolut veröffentlicht wird, das u. a. 151 Briefe August Thyssens an seinen Sohn Hein- rich und dessen Familie aus den Jahren 1919 bis 1926 enthält. Es gewährt Blicke auf die letzten Lebensjahre von August Thyssen, zeigt seine unternehmerischen Vorstellungen, und vor allem auch die seines Sohnes Heinrich. Allzu menschliche Probleme innerhalb eines Familienkon- zerns werden ebenfalls angesprochen, bei dem die Gründergeneration August und Joseph Thyssen noch vertrauensvoll zusammenarbeitete, deren Kinder, die nachfolgende Generation, aber schon nicht mehr. Nicht zu Unrecht vergleicht der amerikanische Wirtschaftshistoriker Jeffrey R. Fear die Familiengeschichte Thyssen mit Thomas Manns Buddenbrooks.1 1 Fear, Jeffrey R.: Organizing Control. August Thyssen and the Construction of German Corporate Manfred Rasch (Hg.) Management, Cambridge u. a. 2005, S. 66, 71. August Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza © Klartext Verlag 2010 8 Vorwort Während 138 Briefe August Thyssens an seinen Sohn überliefert sind, fehlen – bis auf eines – die dazugehörigen Schreiben Heinrichs. Sowohl seine private als auch geschäftliche Korrespondenz ist nur in Bruchstücken erhalten. Sie wird seit 2007 zusammen mit dem Schriftwechsel von seinem Sohn Hans Heinrich und anderen Familienunterlagen sowie Dokumenten aus der Frühzeit des Thyssen-Konzerns im Archiv der Stiftung zur Industriege- schichte Thyssen in Duisburg aufbewahrt. Trotz der formalen Zugänglichkeit waren die meisten der hier abgedruckten Briefe nur für ganz wenige Personen lesbar, denn insbesondere August Thyssen hatte eine sehr verschliffene Handschrift, die schon für seinen Enkel Hans Heinrich nicht mehr zu entziffern war. Er hatte daher eine Transkription durch den damaligen Leiter des Thyssen-Archivs, Dr. Carl-Friedrich Baumann, angeregt und die Briefe dafür dem Archiv zur Verfügung gestellt. Die ursprünglich zum 75. Geburtstag von Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza geplante Fertigstellung verzö- gerte sich bis 1997. Dr. Carl-Friedrich Baumann transkribierte und annotierte die Briefe für den internen Gebrauch, die in der Folgezeit von mehreren Wissenschaftlern genutzt wurden, ohne jedoch nochmals auf die Originalbriefe zurückzugreifen. Dr. Vera Schmidt, durch die Transkription und Annotation des Briefwechsels zwischen August Thyssen und Hugo Stin- nes als eine sehr gute Kennerin dieser Handschrift ausgewiesen, konnte für die Edition der Briefe gewonnen werden. Die Transkription ist eine bewundernswerte Leistung. Doch ohne eine Annotation, über 2.600 Fußnoten wurden es schließlich, wären viele Briefe für heutige Leser nicht mehr verständlich. Dr. Vera Schmidt recherchierte zahlreiche historische Fakten nach und ergänzte den Schriftverkehr um einen Sach- und Personenkommentar in gewohnter Weise mit großem Engagement, dabei unterstützt durch die Mitarbeiter des ThyssenKrupp Konzernarchivs. Dieses Projekt war nur möglich, weil Georg-Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, der Enkel Heinrichs und der Urenkel August Thyssens, wie schon sein Vater den privaten Briefwechsel ohne Vorbehalte oder gar Einschränkungen zur Veröffentlichung freigab, ja sogar der Stiftung zur Industriegeschichte Thyssen die benötigten Personalkosten für die Transkrip- tion zur Verfügung stellen ließ. Allen, die beim Zustandekommen dieses Buches geholfen haben, gebührt ein großes Dan- keschön, denn ohne zahlreiche Hilfen wären manche Details und Zusammenhänge nicht ermittelt worden. Der August Thyssen-Stiftung Schloß Landsberg und der Stiftung zur Indus- triegeschichte Thyssen sei an dieser Stelle für die Unterstützung bei der Drucklegung gedankt. Dem Klartext Verlag danke ich für die wie immer angenehme verlegerische Zusammenarbeit. Mein besonderer Dank aber gilt Georg Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, dessen Interesse an Geschichte, nicht nur der eigenen Familie und der eigenen Unternehmen, dieses Projekt erst ermöglichte. Ihm sei dieses Buch gewidmet. Manfred Rasch Manfred Rasch (Hg.) August Thyssen und Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza © Klartext Verlag 2010.
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