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The De Bry Collection of Voyages (1590-1634) Editorial Strategy and the Representations of the Overseas World

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The De Bry Collection of Voyages (1590-1634) Editorial Strategy and the Representations of the Overseas World UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The De Bry collection of voyages (1590-1634) : editorial strategy and the representations of the overseas world van Groesen, M. Publication date 2007 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Groesen, M. (2007). The De Bry collection of voyages (1590-1634) : editorial strategy and the representations of the overseas world. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). 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UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:29 Sep 2021 The De Bry collection of voyages (1590-1634) Editorial strategy and the representations of the overseas world I Text Michiel van Groesen THE DE BRY COLLECTION OF VOYAGES (1590-1634) EDITORIAL STRATEGY AND THE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE OVERSEAS WORLD ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. J.W. Zwemmer ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op donderdag 12 april 2007, te 10.00 uur door Michiel van Groesen geboren te Den Haag Promotor: prof. dr. H.F.K. van Nierop Co-promotor: prof. dr. P.G. Hoftijzer Overige leden: prof. dr. W. Th. M. Frijhoff prof. dr. B. J. Kaplan prof. dr. M. Keblusek prof. dr. J. M. Koppenol prof. dr. I. M. Veldman, emeritus Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen Contents VOLUME I Introduction 1 The collection’s historiography 4 Trends and methods: distributing representations 9 A new look at the collection 14 Chapter 1: Opening up New Worlds Sixteenth-century travel literature and collections of voyages 19 Geography and travel literature in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries 19 Europe’s overseas expansion 21 Cosmographic literature 26 The first collections of voyages 30 Ramusio’s Navigationi et viaggi 33 Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations 36 The De Bry collection and its place within the genre 39 Chapter 2: From goldsmiths to publishers The transformation of the De Bry family 43 The early years: Liège and Strasbourg (1528-1577) 43 From goldsmiths to engravers: Antwerp and London (1578-1588) 47 From engravers to publishers: the De Bry firm in Frankfurt (1588-1609) 53 Publishers among humanists 56 Chapter 3: A prosperous publishing house The De Brys as booksellers in Frankfurt and Oppenheim 64 The commercial fortunes of the firm 64 Under the Elector’s wings: the De Bry firm in Oppenheim (1609-1620) 72 The final years (1621-1626) 78 Re-interpreting the De Brys: booksellers and Calvinists 81 Chapter 4: The making of the collection of voyages 84 The magnum opus of the officina 84 The collection conceived 87 The collection produced 91 Selecting and obtaining travel accounts 91 Translating and engraving 94 The captions 97 Printing 101 Obtaining patronage and permission for publication 104 Chapter 5: Plants and animals The natural world in the De Bry collection 107 The representation of herbs, plants, and trees 108 The representation of animals 114 The wild species of the overseas world 115 Attempts at domestication 120 The case of the elephant 122 One step too far: man and animal intertwined 125 Chapter 6: Native inhabitants Physical appearances and identities 129 Eating and drinking in the overseas world 129 Cannibalism 133 Respecting the human body: mutilation and self-mutilation 136 Natives undressed: nakedness 139 Natives dressed up: New World feathers 142 Body language 144 Rites of passage 147 Chapter 7: From gods to idols The expansion of heathendom 150 Paganism in focus 150 Paganism compared 154 Paganism enhanced 158 The omnipresent devil 161 Targeting readerships 164 Chapter 8: Different representations for different readerships Christianity reflected 169 Anti-Spanish tendencies: the Benzoni volumes 169 Christianity compared 172 Custom-made differences 175 The case of Jean de Léry’s Histoire 177 Different accounts for different readerships 181 Christians versus non-Christians 186 Chapter 9: The impact of censorship The Index Librorum Expurgatorum and other Indices 191 Catholic censorship in early modern Europe 191 The Iberian Indices: prohibitions and expurgations 194 The collection censored 195 The offensive sections 198 Spanish versus Portuguese corrections 203 The impact of censorship: the case of De Léry 205 Enforcing the expurgations in Spain and Portugal 209 Chapter 10: Selling, purchasing, and borrowing Towards an understanding of readership 213 From the presses to the bookstores: pricing the volumes 213 From bookstore to customer: the Officina Plantiniana 217 The De Bry collection in perspective 220 In private libraries across Europe I: men of letters 222 To possess or not to possess the voyages 225 In private libraries across Europe II: the nobility 228 An early modern coffee-table book? 231 In the collections of public libraries 234 Chapter 11: The impact of the De Bry collection Travel literature and travel compendia in the seventeenth century 240 The collection abridged 240 The De Brys and Hulsius: from folio to quarto 242 Representations in reverse: the De Bry modifications in the Dutch Republic 246 The scope of the De Bry engravings in early modern Europe 251 Collections of voyages in the seventeenth century 255 Epilogue: an eighteenth-century revival 259 Conclusion 263 VOLUME II Illustrations Bibliography Appendices 1. Publications of the De Bry firm 2. The travel accounts used for the De Bry collection 3. The origins of the engravings in the De Bry collection Summary (in Dutch): De reiscollectie De Bry (1590-1634) Introduction On 27 October 1788, the distinguished antiquarian bookseller Pieter van Damme from Amsterdam wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson, the American minister to France, to announce an auction.1 Van Damme specialised in old books and manuscripts and routinely corresponded with bibliophiles across Europe, while Jefferson, during his five-year tenure as ambassador in Paris, was one of Van Damme’s regular customers, and one of the most passionate collectors of books on either side of the Atlantic.2 He had standing orders at bookstores in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Madrid, and London during his time in Europe, and devoted many afternoons to visiting the principal bookstores of Paris, examining books on all subjects, particularly on the history of America. One prestigious work relating to America was the subject of Van Damme’s letter to Jefferson. This item, which the diplomat had been hunting for in vain for years, had now surfaced at the sale of a library in Amsterdam: Monsieur! I have the honour to send to you a catalogue of a small auction of extraordinarily rare books. In this catalogue, I have found No. 228. This collection contains, among others, all the pieces on Virginia by Harriot. Send us your orders for this auction, for which a date is currently not yet fixed.3 On 19 January 1789, Van Damme could inform Jefferson that the sale was to take place in March.4 The auction catalogue, which the bookseller sent to Paris, reveals the nature of lot number 228.5 Van Damme’s brief elaboration on the work’s contents in the first letter must have been superfluous information for a bibliomaniac like Jefferson. He surely recognised the generic title Collectiones Peregrinationum in Indiam Orientalem & Occidentalem in the 1 Much of the following is based on E. Millicent Sowerby, ed., Catalogue of the library of Thomas Jefferson (5 vols.; Washington DC 1952-59) IV 167-76. For the letters quoted here, the more accurate transcriptions in The papers of Thomas Jefferson (multiple vols.; Princeton 1950 ff.) are used: The papers of Thomas Jefferson XIV (Princeton 1958) 40-41: Van Damme to Jefferson, 27/10/1788. 2 Recent, concise biographies on Jefferson include R. B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (Oxford and New York 2003), and N. E. Cunningham jr., In pursuit of reason: the life of Thomas Jefferson (Baton Rouge 1987). On Van Damme: H. de la Fontaine Verwey, “Pieter van Damme, the first Dutch antiquarian bookseller” In: A. R. A. Croiset van Uchtelen, K. van der Horst, and G. Schilder, eds., Theatrum Orbis Librorum: liber amicorum presented to Nico Israel on the occasion of his seventieth birthday (Utrecht 1989) 416-36. 3 The papers of Thomas Jefferson XIV (1958) 40: Van Damme to Jefferson, 27/10/1788: “Monsieur! J’ai le Honneur de a Vous Expediée, une Catalogue de une Petite Vente, des Livres de la Rareté Extraordinaire. Entre icelle, je Trouvée N:228. Dans cette Collection entre autre Tout les Pieces de Virgine, Par Harriot. Voÿée Vostre Commissions à la Vente à nous Addressé, et qui est actuellement non fixé”. Many of the books on sale had probably belonged to the Amsterdam bibliophile Pietro Antonio Crevenna, born in Milan: J. J. van Heel, “Bolongaro Crevenna: een Italiaans koopman en bibliofiel in Amsterdam”, Jaarboek voor Nederlandse boekgeschiedenis 5 (1998) 73-93. 4 The papers of Thomas Jefferson XIV (1958) 474. 5 Catalogus plusquam CLXX praestantissimarum saeculi XV editionum, Inter quas quam plurimae principes eminent, aliorumque rarissimorum librorum (Amsterdam 1789) 19-20.
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