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US4523226.Pdf United States Patent (19) (11 Patent Number: 4,523,226 Lipton et al. 45 Date of Patent: Jun. 11, 1985 54 STEREOSCOPICTELEVISION SYSTEM 3,818,125 6/1974 Butterfield ............................ 358/92 (75) Inventors: Lenny Lipton, Pt. Richmond; 4,152,724 5/1979 Hunter ................................ 358/901 Michael R. Starks, Fairfax; James D. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Stewart, Oakland; Lawrence D. Meyer, Ross, all of Calif. 34046 7/1956 Switzerland .......................... 352/60 73 Assignee: Stereographics Corporation, San OTHER PUBLICATIONS Rafael, Calif. Masters-Generating a 3D-TV Signal With One TV Camera-IBM Tech. Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 8 #1 Jun. (21) Appl. No.: 459,174 1965, p. 134. 22) Filed: Jan. 19, 1983 Kennedy-Weather Satellite Picture Processor-Wireless World, May 1980-vol. 86, No. 1533, pp. 41-46. Related U.S. Application Data Norling-the Stereoscopic Art-A Reprint-Jour. of Smpte-vol. 60, #53, pp. 268-307. 63 Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 343,124, Jan. 27, 1982, abandoned. Primary Examiner-Joseph A. Orsino, Jr. (51) Int, C. ............................................... H04N 9/54 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-J. William Wigert, Jr. 52) U.S. Cl. ...................... poes no poor wou 358/88; 358/91; 57 ABSTRACT 358/92 An improved stereoscopic television system is dis (58) Field of Search ....................... 358/88, 91, 92,97, closed, having a great deal of compatibility with the 358/146, 237,238,239,901; 352/60 existing commercial television infrastructure. Flicker is 56) References Cited eliminated while preserving the existing bandwidth allowing the stereoscopic video signals to be handled U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS with conventional apparatus such as video tape record 2,099,694 li/1937 Land ..................................... 352/60 ers, video disks, or broadcast equipment. In the present 2,729,138 /1956 Bernier .................................. 352/60 invention the number of fields per second is twice that 3,020,341 2/1962 Owens ................................... 358/92 3,114,002 12/1963 Siepmann et al. .................... 358/97 of he standard field rate. When displayed on an unmodi 3,251,933, 5/1966 Beste ..................................... 358/92 fied receiver or monitor, each subfield image appears to 3,473,872 10/1969 Okamura ............................... 358/88 be anamorphically compressed in the vertical direction 3,626,404 12/1971 Ophir .................................... 358/88 by a factor of two. A blanking area and/or vertical sync 3,670,097 6/1972 Jones ..................................... 358/91 pulse separates the two subfields. 3,674,921 7/1972 Goldsmith ............................ 358/9 3,688,045 8/1972 Ohkoshi ................................ 358/91 42 Claims, 25 Drawing Figures LEFT FIELD U.S. Patent Jun 11, 1985 sheet 1 of 12 4,523,226 7 74 72/73) FIG. 2B, LINE SUBFIELD SUBFIELD 2 FIELD NO. 525 O 3 4 5 - 6 7 8 9, 3O3 35 - 37 39 - . 3.25 SUBFIELD 3 . SUBFIELD 4 FIELD t 262 266 , 268 27O 393 397 399 4O 403 . 262.5 393.75 FIG 3C. U.S. Patent JunSg. 11, 1985 She 3 of 12 4,523,226 O DIGITAL EFFECTS (COMPRESSION IMAGE ) U.S. Patent Jun. 11, 1985 Sheet 4 of 12 4,523,226 T-GHe Ino gozº XOOTTO1SM, 1ç?+ Å?}}}\/O LOHSENO Hg=1. NÍOBOJIA XOOTO OO2^ U.S. Patent Jun. 11, 1985 Sheet 7 of 12 4,523,226 . VIDEO 2N. pf . lef /2 LM359 THRU GHD sk2 IC IMS I/2 LM.359 /34053 . C ÉN3 98.3 MOUT 5 4 6 7 Iid SAMPLEEd lossH 52 3 x 18 25px| 2 +I2 . 1/2 4528 M2 4528 ai. -- 2OK 2OK&Y +2+5 +2 5KS 1/2 39K 72 O22 4528 OS4528. 8s S6K8 X3K3 K 18K II" 12 4040 54 (3H). l: Slf sYNC4 6 4. D 9NEW 47Opf I 3. - 3 ADJ I s SYNC m 1/2 LM319 +12 to OUTPUT TO - NORMAL GLASSES FIG 3B DRIVE U.S. Patent Jun. 11, 1985 v30ww. U.S. Patent Jun. 11, 1985 She 9 of 12 4,523,226 6 si, 2 UNDER SUPPLY GLASSES U.S. Patent Jun 11, 1985 Sheet 10 of 12 4,523,226 ANALOG To DIGITAL TO ANALOG U.S. Patent Jun. 11, 1985 -------- Sheet 11 of 12 4,523,226 -28 e-27 MEYECAMERACONVENTIONAL i h-VIEWFINDER,OVER AND UNDER WITH STEREO LENS U.S. Patent Jun 11, 1985 Sheet 12 of 12 4,523,226 s 54-55 N se IS N 57 5-(-Ots S '' SeSss FIG-9A. SWITCH IS IN UP VIDEO POSITION DURING COMPOSITE LEFT-RIGHTSYNC VARARE. ANssSWITCH SYNCER ANDNIERya EFT DELys DOWN DURING RIGHT FELSISTERA" 4,523,226 1. 2 sional viewing with a stereoscope hood disclosed STEREOSCOPICTELEVISION SYSTEM herein. Projection of stereoscopic images are also possi ble using apparatus disclosed herein. This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applica The camera may take the form of a single camera tion Ser. No. 343,124 filed Jan. 27, 1982 now aban with an image forming system capable of producing the doned. two perspective viewpoints imaged above and below as shown in FIG. 1. By simply adding the appropriate DESCRIPTION sub-field blanking area and/or vertical pulse between 1. Technical Field the two images so formed by such optics, the electronic This invention provides a new stereoscopic imaging O requirements for display are fulfilled. system. Specifically, an improved stereoscopic televi On the other hand, the image source may be a two sion system is disclosed, having a great deal of compata camera ensemble mounted on a single base or on sepa bility with the existing commercial television infrastruc rate bases, so adjusted to produce the necessary stereo ture. Compared with the prior art employing sequential scopic pair of images. These cameras are then adjusted presentation of right-left images, in what is sometimes 15 called the eclipse or occlusion system, we have elimi to produce 131.25 line resolution images each, with nated flicker whilst preserving the existing bandwidth fields externally or internally synchronized by a sync allowing our stereoscopic video signals to be handled generator producing 120 Hz vertical drive pulses. with conventional apparatus such as video tape record Thus, in the time that a single planar image made up ers, video discs, or broadcast equipment. of two 262.5 line fields would be produced, these two In particular, this disclosure reveals techniques for cameras produce four 131.25 lines per field. Therefore, eliminating the storage techniques at the receiver called 120 fields are produced in a second, half of them for the for in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. right perspective viewpoint and half for the left. These 263,944. fields are then transmitted and received in the following 2. Background Art 25 manner: right-left-right-left. This sequence of four fields Present systems using alternate field encoding with constitutes one stereoscopic image unit or image pair. individual occluding selection devices is hampered pri These fields may also be presented in the following marily by severe image flicker. Bandwidth restriction manner: right-right-left-left, as described in co prevent doubling the number of fields needed by each pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 263,944. eye for good image quality. A full discussion of the 30 Note that the bandwidth requirement remains the subject is given in FOUNDATIONS OF THE STE same for our system as for the television system com REOSCOPIC CINEMA (Lipton, Van Nostrand Rein mercially employed. Thus transmission of such a signal hold, N.Y., June, 1982), and in copending U.S. patent by closed circuit, through the air broadcast, or via cable application Ser. No. 263,944. may also be achieved. Moreover, the existing video tape 35 and video disc formats are also capable of recording and SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION playing back such signals without any modification. The present invention is based upon prior art employ Although the explanations given herein are in terms ing switching techniques for displaying sequentially of the usual NTSC system used in North America and presented right and left image pairs, with certain impor other places, using a total number of approximately 500 tant and unique differences. In the usual technique put lines per picture, with 30 pictures per second, each into practice by Megatek, Panasonic (Matshushita) and picture made up of two fields with approximately 250 Honeywell, video fields are alternately encoded with lines per field, we do not limit ourselves to this specific right or left information resulting in a reduction offields system. Other areas of the world use different field rates which reach each eye to half the usual field rate. This and the total number of lines per field may be different. results in intolerable flicker. In the present invention the 45 High resolution systems have been developed which number of fields per second is doubled by various use a greater number of horizontal lines. But these sys means. In one technique we double the vertical scan tems may all be adapted to the stereoscopic format ning rate, thereby producing 120 fields instead of 60 described within this disclosure, by the means given fields per second. Thus the number of fields is doubled herein. whilst the number of lines per field is halved. 50 Accordingly it is an object of this invention to pro When displayed on a usual receiver or monitor, each vide an improved stereoscopic television system with a image will appear to be anamorphically compressed in bright and flickerless display. the vertical direction by a factor of two. Two such A further object of this invention is to provide a images, the right and left fields, above and below, will stereoscopic television receiver or monitor which is be seen on the unmodified monitor. In the preferred 55 similar to the existing receiver or monitor apparatus embodiment a vertical sync pulse signal is added to a with regard to substantial portions of existing electronic blanking area between the two subfields.
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