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Unem Relazione Annuale 2021 Copertina 2 RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 GLI ORGANI SOCIALI (30 giugno 2021) Presidente Filippo REDAELLI Claudio SPINACI Dario SCAFFARDI Claudio SPINACI Vice Presidenti Gian Luigi TRIBOLDI Azzam AL MUTAWA Gianni MURANO Collegio dei Revisori Contabili Remo PASQUALI Giuseppe CEMBROLA Francesca FRACASSI Consiglio Generale Antonio PALUMBIERI Azzam AL MUTAWA Orazio DRISALDI (supplente) Claudio COVINI Emanuele MURIANNI (supplente) Gaetano D’ALESIO Oleg DUROV Probiviri Antonio LAZZARINETTI Piero BISCARI Luca LUTEROTTI Alessandro CARERI Gianni MURANO Piero DE SIMONE Piero NERI Massimo QUADRELLI Guido OTTOLENGHI Carlo RANESI Remo PASQUALI Rosario PISTORIO Direttore Generale Giorgio PROFUMO Marina BARBANTI RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 3 LE AZIENDE ASSOCIATE (30 giugno 2021) ALKION TERMINAL VADO LIGURE NERI DEPOSITI COSTIERI ALMA PETROLI NESTE ATTILIO CARMAGNANI “AC” NEXTCHEM BP ITALIA PETRA COSTIERI D’ALESIO PETRONAS LUBRICANTS ITALY DECAL PETROVEN DEPOSITI COSTIERI DEL TIRRENO RAFFINERIA DI GELA DISMA RAFFINERIA DI MILAZZO ECOFUEL SARAS ENI-GREEN/TRADITIONAL REFINERY AND MARKETING S.A.R.P.O.M. ENIFUEL SERAM ESSO ITALIANA SHELL ITALIA OIL PRODUCTS IES- ITALIANA ENERGIA E SERVIZI SIGEMI IPLOM ISAB SONATRACH ITELYUM REGENERATION S.I.O.T. KUWAIT PETROLEUM ITALIA SUPERBA KRI TAMOIL LA PETROLIFERA ITALO-RUMENA TOSCOPETROL LUKOIL ITALIA TOTALENERGIES I SOCI AGGREGATI AMBIENTE MARES ARCADIS PETROLTECNICA B&A CONSULTANCY RES DATA COSTIERO GAS LIVORNO S.E.F. (ENI POWER FERRARA) DALLA BERNARDINA F.LLI SERFACTORING ECOTHERM SERVIZI AEREI ENI CORPORATE UNIVERSITY SIC ENI POWER S.M.S. ENI POWER MANTOVA STANTEC ENI REWIND ENI SERVIZI TESECO BONIFICHE ENI TRADE&BIOFUELS TRALICE COSTRUZIONI ERG TUV AUSTRIA ITALIA ISOIL WOLFTANK DGM JACOBS ITALIA WOOD GROUP 4 RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 INDICE IL MERCATO INTERNAZIONALE 9 Il quadro economico internazionale 9 La domanda e l’offerta di petrolio 11 I prezzi del greggio e dei prodotti raffinati 12 L’evoluzione della raffinazione 15 L’ECONOMIA ITALIANA E L’ENERGIA 17 Il quadro macroeconomico 17 I consumi di energia 21 La fattura energetica e petrolifera 24 I combustibili solidi 25 Lo sviluppo delle rinnovabili e il mercato elettrico 27 Il contributo del gas naturale 32 IL PETROLIO IN ITALIA 39 La produzione nazionale di idrocarburi 39 I consumi di prodotti petroliferi 41 I prezzi dei prodotti petroliferi 44 Le importazioni e le esportazioni 45 IL DOWNSTREAM ITALIANO 49 La capacità di raffinazione nel 2020 49 La distribuzione carburanti: evoluzione quadro normativo e criticità 55 La logistica petrolifera e le scorte d’obbligo 57 L’istituto del “Golden Power” 57 Il settore aeroportuale 60 La sicurezza fisica (security) delle strutture petrolifere 64 Il Progetto "Zero Contanti” 66 ASPETTI DOGANALI E FISCALI 81 L’andamento del gettito fiscale 81 L’abolizione dell’Imposta Regionale sulla Benzina 86 Rateizzazione accise 87 Digitalizzazione e illegalità 88 Nuovo documento di circolazione e-DAS per i carburanti ad imposta assolta 88 RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 5 INDICE Monitoraggio della circolazione degli oli lubrificanti provenienti da Stati europei 89 L’estensione del sistema Infoil 90 Digitalizzazione degli impianti stradali di carburanti non presidiati 91 Le novità nel contrasto delle frodi fiscali 91 I PRODOTTI ENERGETICI E L'AMBIENTE 93 I nuovi target del Green Deal al 2030 e il pacchetto “Fit for 55” 93 La “Smart Mobility Strategy” europea 95 Il dibattito sulla “Finanza Sostenibile” 96 In Europa torna il Refining Forum 96 La “Vision 2050” della raffinazione europea 97 L’impatto dei Low Carbon Liquid Fuels (LCLF) 99 Il Gruppo Strategico Carburanti ed Energie Alternative 101 Recovery Plan ed economia circolare 102 La revisione della Direttiva ETS 106 La revisione della Direttiva IED 107 La revisione della tassazione energetica europea 108 Revisione disciplina nazionale emissioni in atmosfera 109 Autorizzazioni Integrate Ambientali (AIA) 109 L’attuazione della Direttiva Rinnovabili e la possibile evoluzione 109 Quadro normativo nazionale sui biocarburanti liquidi e sul biometano 110 Le iniziative sull’idrogeno 112 Il Gruppo Strategico Lubrificanti 113 L’attività sulla logistica 113 Progetto "Riqualificazione ambientale” 114 SALUTE E SICUREZZA 115 La gestione dell’emergenza COVID-19 115 La Direttiva sulla “radioprotezione” 116 Attuazione della Direttiva “Seveso III” 116 Protocollo INAIL - unem 117 Miscele pericolose per la salute e informazioni armonizzate 117 Downstream petrolifero: performance sicurezza 118 6 RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 FOCUS Le dinamiche in atto nel mercato del GNL 33 La metanizzazione della Sardegna 35 Gli effetti del COVID-19 sulla raffinazione 50 Self-service metano 57 Come funziona il “Golden Power” rafforzato 59 2020: l’anno nero per l’aviazione 61 Il Rapporto OSSIF 2020 67 Evoluzione assetti di mercato 68 Investimenti e attività industriali 70 Premi e riconoscimenti del settore 78 Documento strategico di FuelsEurope sull’iniziativa comunitaria “Fit for 55” 94 La Piattaforma “Renewable & Low-Carbon Liquid Fuels” 100 Studio RIE “Opzioni e prospettive per il trasporto marittimo, aereo e stradale al 2030 e al 2050” 103 Lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture sensibili: lo studio di Confindustria Energia 104 Riordino ministeri - Il MITE 106 Recepimento Direttive economia circolare 107 Ambiente e sostenibilità 113 Eventi Progetto “Riqualificazione ambientale” 114 Webinar Inail-unem 117 RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 7 APPENDICE STATISTICA MONDO/PAESI INDUSTRIALIZZATI I consumi energetici dei principali Paesi 119 Il grado di dipendenza energetica e petrolifera 119 MONDO La produzione di greggio e le riserve per aree geografiche 120 I consumi petroliferi 121 La capacità degli impianti di raffinazione del petrolio 122 I prezzi “SPOT” dei principali greggi 123 MERCATO INTERNAZIONALE Le quotazioni Cargoes Fob Mediterraneo dei principali prodotti petroliferi 124 Le quotazioni Barges Fob Rotterdam dei principali prodotti petroliferi 124 Le quotazioni Cargoes Fob Singapore dei principali prodotti petroliferi 125 Le quotazioni Fob Pipeline US Gulf di alcuni prodotti petroliferi 125 ITALIA I consumi energetici per fonti primarie 126 I consumi energetici per settori di utilizzo 126 La produzione di idrocarburi 127 Il bilancio petrolifero 127 Le importazioni di petrolio greggio 128 Le importazioni di prodotti petroliferi e di semilavorati 129 Le esportazioni di prodotti petroliferi, di semilavorati e di greggio 130 La stima degli arrivi di petrolio greggio nei porti 131 Le lavorazioni delle raffinerie 132 La capacità dei principali impianti delle raffinerie 133 La capacità delle raffinerie e la materia prima lavorata 134 I trasferimenti al mercato interno e i consumi di prodotti petroliferi 135 La stima dei punti vendita carburanti in esercizio a fine anno e dell’erogato medio 136 I tipi di greggio maggiormente importati 137 Il costo Cif del petrolio greggio importato in “Conto proprio” 138 Il costo mensile Cif del petrolio greggio importato in “Conto proprio” 139 I prezzi medi mensili dei principali prodotti petroliferi 140 EUROPA I prezzi di vendita alla pompa e gli oneri fiscali dei carburanti per l’autotrazione 141 I prezzi di vendita e gli oneri fiscali del gasolio da riscaldamento e dell’olio combustibile 142 RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 9 IL MERCATO INTERNAZIONALE Il quadro economico internazionale Il 2020 è stato un anno particolarmente difficile per tutte le econo- mie. L’esplodere della pandemia, e il conseguente lockdown a livello globale, non poteva che avere un impatto devastante sul Pil mondiale che per la prima volta dal 20091 è tornato ad essere negativo. Stando alle stime del Fondo Monetario Internazionale (FMI)2, il 2020 ha chiuso con un Pil in calo del 3,3 per cento (rispetto al +2,8 per cento del 2019). In questa circostanza, non solo tutte le prin- cipali economie europee, ma anche gli Stati Uniti (-3,5 per cento), hanno mostrato cali ben superiori a quelli registrati nelle economie emergenti3. Va tuttavia rilevato che si tratta di un valore meno negativo di oltre l’1 per cento rispetto a quanto aveva ipotizzato lo stesso FMI ad ottobre 2020 (-4,4 per cento), dovuto ad un recupero superiore alle attese nell’ultimo trimestre dell’anno. Nonostante le tante incertezze ancora legate alla possibile evoluzio- ne della pandemia, che dipende dal successo della campagna vac- cinale, il FMI stima che il Pil possa crescere del 6,0 per cento nel 2021 e del 4,4 per cento nel 2022, spinto dagli ingenti stimoli fiscali introdotti da molti Paesi (Stati Uniti e Europa in primo luogo) e da condizioni finanziarie favorevoli. Il percorso di ripresa, sempre secondo il FMI, varierà però da Paese a Paese in virtù dell’efficacia della risposta dei diversi sistemi sanitari, della flessibilità e capacità di adattamento delle attività economiche alla nuova situazione e della disponibilità di risorse. Stati Uniti e Giap- pone, ad esempio, dovrebbero tornare sui livelli pre-COVID già nella seconda metà del 2021, mentre per l’area euro e il Regno Unito si parla del 2022. 1 Nel 2009 la flessione fu del -0,1 per cento quale conseguenza della crisi finanziaria innescata dai mutui subprime americani. 2 FMI, “World Economic Outlook”, aprile 2021. 3 Il Pil delle economie avanzate nel 2020 è sceso complessivamente del 4,7 per cento, a fronte del -2,2 per cento di quello delle economie emergenti. RELAZIONE ANNUALE 2021 10 Il mercato internazionale PAESI INDUSTRIALIZZATI I dati macroeconomici Prodotto interno lordo Indice prezzi al consumo(1) Disoccupazione Indebitamento pubblico(2) Variazione percentuale rispetto all’anno precedente Percentuale delle forze di lavoro Percentuale del Pil 2019 2020(3) 2019 2020(3) 2019 2020(3) 2019 2020(3) Francia 1,3 -8,2 1,3 0,5 8,5 8,0 -3,0 -9,2 Regno Unito 1,4 -9,9 1,8 0,9 3,8 4,5 -2,1 -12,3 Germania 0,6 -4,8 1,3 0,4 3,2 3,8 1,4 -4,2 ITALIA 0,3 -8,9 0,6 -0,2 10,0 9,3 -1,6 -9,5 Area Euro (19 Paesi) 1,3 -6,5 1,2 0,3 7,6 7,9 -0,7 -7,2 Usa 2,3 -3,5 1,8 1,3 3,7 8,1 -5,8 -15,2 Giappone 0,7 -4,8 0,5 — 2,4 2,8 -2,8 -10,3 Paesi Ocse 1,7 -10,7 1,9 1,4 5,4 7,1 -3,3 n.d.
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