The NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY < OCTOBER, 1940 The American Horticultural Society

PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS April 13, 1940

OFFICERS President, Mr. B. Y. Morrison, Washington, D. C. First V ice-President, Second Vice-President, Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C. Secretary, Miss Cary B. Milholland, Washington, D. C. Treasurer, Mr. Henry Parsons Erwin, Washington, D. C. DIRECTORS Terms Expiring 1941 Terms Expiring 1942 Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Mrs. Fairfax Harrison, Belvoir, Farquier Mrs. Walter Douglas, Chauncy, N. Y. Co., Va. Mrs. J. Nonnan Henry, Gladwyne, Pa. Mrs. Chester Welles, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Clement S. Houghton, Chestnut Hill, Mrs. William Holland Wilmer, Washington, Mass. D.C. Mr. Alfred Maclay, Tallahassee, Fla. Dr. Donald Wyman, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott, Media, Pa.

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr. James H. Porter, Pres., Mrs. Clement Houghton, American Azalea & Camellia Socfety, American Rock Garden Society, Macon, Ga. 152 Suffolk Road, Chestnut Hill, Mass. Mr. Frank Harrison, Dr. L. M. Massey, American Begonia Society, American Rose Society, 712 E. Hardy St., State College of Agriculture, Inglewood, Calif. Ithaca, N. Y. Mr. Wm. T. Marshall, Pres., Cactus & Succulent Society of America, Dr. Robert T. Oausen, Pres., P. O. Box 101 , American Fern Society, Pasadena, Calif. Bailey Hortorium, Col. Edward Steichen, Pres., Ithaca. N. Y. Delphinium Society, Ridgefield, Conn. Mr. W. J. McKee, Pres., Mrs. John H. Cunningham, Pres., America!). Iris Society, Herb Society of America, 45 Kenwood Ave., 53 Seaver St., Worcester, Mass. Brookline, Mass. Mrs. George J. Reiter, Pres., Mr. Chas. F. Wassenberg, Pres., Midwest Horticultural Society, American Peony Society, 100 North Central Park Blvd., Van Wert, Ohio. Chicago, Ill.

SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1940 Akron Garden Center, American Begonia Society, 226 South Main St., Mr. Frank Harrison, President, Akron, Ohio. 712 E. Hardy St., Inglewood, Calif. Alexandria, Virginia, Garden 000, American Fuchsia Society, Miss Alice Eastwood, Secretary, Mrs. Joseph P. Crockett, President, California Academy of Sciences, 819 Prince St., Golden Gate Park, Alexandria, Va. San Francisco, Calif. Bradbury Heights Garden Club, American Amaryllis Society, Mrs. A. J. Temple, President, Mr. Wyndham Hayward, Secretary, 1150 44th Place, S. E., Winter Park, Fla. Washington, D. C.

Publication Office, S2nd St. and Elm Ave., Baltimore, Md. Entered a8 second·class matter January 27, 1982, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md., under the Act of August 24., 1912. California Garden Club Federation, Llambias H ouse, Miss E. Marlow, Lib., St. Augustine Garden Club Centre, 992 S. Oakland, St. Augustine, Fla. Pasadena, Calif. Michigan Horticultural Society, California Horticultural Society, Paul R. Krone, Secy., Miss Cora R. Brandt, Secretary, Horticultural Building, 485 California St., East Lansing, Mich. San Francisco, Calif. Chevy Chase ( D. C.) Garden Club, 11Iidwest H orticultural Society, Mrs. P aul S. Anderson, President. Mrs. vValter ]. Scott, Secy., 63 19 Delaware St., 4921 W. Huron St. , Chevy Chase, IvId. Chicago, Ill. Chevy Chase (Md. ) Garden Club, National Capital Dahlia Society, Mrs. Robert Ash, President, Mr. George U. Graff, Ashley, Bradley Blvd., 242 P eabody St., N . V'i., Bethesda, Md. Wa'shington, D. C. Co mmunity Garden Club of Bethesda, Mrs. E. M. Willis, Pres., New E ngland Gladiolus Society, 5510 Moorland Lane, James H. Odell, Chairman Ex. C0I11111 Bethesda, Md. Wellesley Hills, Mass. Dayton Garden Center, c/o Dayton Art Institute, Northern Nut Growers Association, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. A. S. Colby, Pres., Urbana, Illinois. Fauquier and Loudoun Garden Club, Mrs. W. F . Rust, President, Ohio Association of Garden Club s. Lees burg, Va. % Mrs. Silas B. Waters, Federated Garden Cl ubs of Cin cinnati and 2005 Edgecliff Point, Vicinity, Cin ci nnati, Ohio. Mrs. Carey-Pratt McCord, President, Glendale, Ohio. Rock Garden Society of Ohio, M rs. Frank Garry, Librarian, Federated Garden Clubs of Maryland. 5800 Wyatt Ave., Mrs. Gideon .N . Stieff, Pres., Kennedy H eights, Room 300, The Belvedere, Cincinnati, Ohio. Baltimore, Md. Forest Hills Garden Club, Shreveport Beautification Foundati on Ga rden Mrs. Victor V. Kelsey, Pres.} Center, 4720 Linnean Ave., N. W., Loui siana State Exhibit Bldg., Washington, D. C. Shreveport, La. Garden Center of Greater Cleveland, Takoma Horticultural Club, East Boulevard at Euclid Ave., Mr. Marion L. Boat, Cleveland, Ohio. 7520 17th St., N. W ., Garden Center Institute of Buffalo. Vvashington, D. C. Delaware Park Casino, The Garden Club of Mathews Co ., Buffalo, New York. Mrs. W. H . Reed, Secretary, Garden Centre, North, Mathews Co., Va. % I veys Store, The Little Garden Club of Sandy Spring. Asheville, N. C. Mrs. Mahlon Kirke IV, Pres., Garden Club of Gloucester, Rockville, Md. lVIrs. N. S. Hopkins, Librarian, N uttall, Va. The Pittsburgh Garden Center, Garden Club of Virginia, Schenley Park, Mrs. John G. Hayes, Pittsburgh, P a. R. F. D. No.2, The San Francisco Garden Club, Richmond, Va. Room 133, Fairmount Hotel, Georgetown Garden Club, San Francisco, Cal if. Mrs. Lou is Mackall, Presid ent. The Trowel Club, 3044 0 St., N. W., Mrs. vVm. Earl Clark, Pres .. Washington, D. C. 4929 Rockwood Pkwy., N. W .. Halten Garden Club, Mrs. \1I/m . :tvL Beury, Pres., Washington Garden Club, 120 T aplow Road, Mrs. ]. Armistead Boston, Baltimore, Md. 1505 North Garfield Street, Arlington, Va. Horne Garden Club of Denver, 4864 Tennyson St., Woodridge Garden Club, Denver, Colo, Dr. Freeman W eiss, Pres., Lake Washington Garden Club, 3223 Vista St., N. E., M rs. Charles C. May, Secretary, Washington, D. C. Room 4422, Worcester County Horticul tural Society, White-Henry-Stuart Bldg., 30 Elm Street, S~attle, Wash. Worcester, Mass. [i 1

.Ihllphianthus P ·l. ~sillus, a me7Nbe'r of the Scrophlilariaceae, !IGS 770 close relatives and is found 'No w here ill the wodd except on these g),allitic olttcro ps. The flow­ ers a1'e white, slightly tinged w ith yellow. So far as !WOW '// , this is the first p'icture ev e?' made of the plant in its home. A Flowering Desert in Miniature

ROGERS MCVAUGH

THE CASUAL traveler from the thickly appeared like superb colulllns. To keep settled northeastern part of our coun­ within the bounds of truth and reality, try, coming for the first time to the in describing the magnitude and gran­ Piedmont section of Georgia and ex­ deur of these trees, would, I fea r, fail pecting to find the lush tropical vege­ of credibility; ... many of the black tation of the "deep south," will prob­ oaks measured eight, nine, ten, and ably be greatly disappointed in his find­ eleven feet diameter five feet above the ings. Instead of waving palms and ground ... the tulip tree.. . and groves of oranges and bananas, he is beech were equally stately." Even to­ confronted with a landscape not very day, more than a century and a half different from the one he has just left. after Bartram, one finds an occasio'nal Except for the red soil and the ubiqui­ rocky bluff that has been too steep or tous chinaberry tree by house and road­ too inhospitable to support crops or side, he might very well be still in grazing animals, with scant reli ct indi­ northern Delaware or southeastern viduals of the original forest still Pennsylvania. There a re a few more persisti ng. unfamiliar-looking pines, perhaps, and A lthough the forests have given way scores of the stunted-looking water to the persistent vanguards of civi li za­ oaks, but many old friends like the tion, there still exists a part of the orig­ whi te oak and the tulip-tree deny the inal fl ora which is unnoticed by the presence of any strange fl ora. Indeed, casual traveler and the ambitious agri­ the fl ora of the Piedmont secti on im­ culturist alike. In all probability this presses one chi efl y through its appar­ group of species, in its peculiar habitat, ent uniformity and the small number has been less affected by civilization of species represented. A "Pullman-car than any other similar group in the botanist" can ride a thousand monoto­ Southeast. nous miles, from southern Virginia to The Piedmont, or Central Upland, Mississippi, and see scarcely any land­ of Georgia is an area comprising rough­ scape but the terraced cotton field s and lya third of the entire state; it stretches the dry woods of oak and pine that across in a great band from east to form little islands in the midst of an west, between the Coastal Plain and agricultural immensity. One looks in the mountains, and is characterized by vain for cool woodland slopes and rich its generally hilly topography and well­ woods with their accompanying lux­ drained soils. The soils are underlaid uriant vegetati on. by very hard and very ancient rocks, It has not always been so, however. for the most part granites and gneisses. \iVhen William Bartram passed through In many cases these rocks are near the this part of Georgia in 1773, he was surface and are exposed by erosion, amazed at what he saw: " . . . the most fo rming large flat or doming surfaces magnificent fo rest I had ever seen . . . which are usually worn smooth by the thinly planted by nature with the most action of weather. One of these expo­ stately fo rest trees .. . whose mighty sures is mentioned by Bartram, under trunks, seemingly of an equal height, the name of the " Flat-Rock." Accord- [193] 194 THE NATIONAL H ORTICU LTU H.AL .MAGA£I NE Oct., 1940 ing to bim, it was a "c0111111 on remlez­ (although mostly not from Geo rgia ). vous or camping-place fo r traders and A century ago ( 1836) a certain Dr. Indians," and so must have been of Leavenworth sent to J ohn T orrey in considerable size. Similar fl at-rock ex­ New York specimens of the tiny A11l­ posures are found in most of the coun­ phianthus p blsillus J whi ch is in many ti es of central Georgia, and vary in size ways the most peculiar of them all. fr om a few feet across to those like the \ Vhen the shall ow sandy pools 011 the massive Stone Mountain, which covers rock- surface are covered with a few nearly 600 acres and ri ses in height inches of water in early spring, thi s some 600 feet above the surroundin g surprisin g plant sends up a delicate eroded plain. The "Camp-meeting stem to the surface of the water and Rocks," in H eard County in western there produces a pair of leaves and a Georgia, comprise several exposures Rower. As the water dries up, the totaling hundreds of acres of smooth plant fl owers again . thi s time at the rolling grani te, broken by little groups level of the ground, as if to take ad­ or trees and bushes where there is soil vantage of all opportunities of per­ enough. Other similar expanses are petuating itself! know n locall y as favo ri te picni c Since the ti me of Leaven worth and grounds; the "traders and Indians" of T orrey many botani sts have visited the a fo rmer day have vani shed, but the granite area of Georgia, a nd most of " Flat-Rocks" retain their appeal a them have been drawn irresistibly by gathering places. the huge bulk of Stone Mountain. Since the white man first came into where A lII plz ialltllll s and many other the co untry of the Cherokees these species a re fo und. "Flat-Rocks," or "Cedar Rocks," as In the early spring, from late Feb­ they are call ed sometimes, have res isted ruary to April. or even to early May. all efforts to civili ze them. The only Stone Moun tain is a n ritable fl ower­ soil on them fo rms in little pockets bed. The smooth g ranite has di sinte­ which become totally desiccated by the grated in places into coarse sandy soil intense heat of the summer sun beat­ and everywhere in the sand are fo und ing down upon the smooth rock. so myri ads of plants of Dia'l1l or pha c.,'­ that such expos ures of granite are use­ mosa, the li ttle annual rela ti ve of our less for any sort of agri culture. O rdi­ sedum , whi ch covers great patches nary plants (and animals !) a re totall y and is conspicuous by virtue of its unable to find a li vin g on the bare bright red succul ent leaves and stems surfaces. Their onl y value li es in the and pinkish-white fl owers. The trout­ producti on of building stone, and of lil y, El')lthro'lIiu1l! a7ll eriwl'l u11l , is that there is an over-plentiful supply ! abundant in places where depressions Barren though the Flat-Rocks may or crevices have contributed to the for­ seem to the casual passerby, thev fo rm mation of a shallow turf. A nother the stronghold of a peculiar and harely lily-relative. the gold en- yellow Sclz oe- fl ora ; they support during rainy sea­ 110li4'io'/7 crOCe lllN-, comes a little later in · sons a dense and thriving vegetation the season and turns the grassy places of their own, and at the proper time yellow with its bloo ms. A round the of year they blossom forth with sur­ edges of the sandy pools a re thousands prising beauty. A fe w of the charac­ of plants of the diminutive H o llstol1 i a teri sti c species were known to Andre pns·illa, which is a ri cher purple than M ichaux and Thomas N uttall and its Quaker-lady cousin; in company other earl y plant-hunte rs before 181 8 with it is fOllnd another bulbous plant, Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 195

The ((Plat-Roch" as they look in earliest spring. The !o'wer picture shows a Ilearly level expanse of gmnite, with a partiall'jl filled pool ill the foregro'u.nd. The upper p'ict1fre ,is a view of a similar pool, with the pille woods at the edge of th e 1'OC!?S behind it. The dar!? 1nass occ~(pyil1g a pm't of both pools is made up of tho~ l sands of plan·ts of Dia11l0rpha, not yet in j10WC1'. 196 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL lviAGAZINE Oct., 1940 the false onion, N othosco'l'dum bivalve, golden S choenolil-ion has nearly fin­ and a little annual chick-weed, Arenaria ished shedding its shining black seeds; brevifolia, both of whi ch have pure of the more delicate annuals, like white flowers. H onstonia and Are11aria, there IS If we take our leave of Stone Moun­ scarcely a trace to be fo und. Incon­ tain, or one of the less famous but spicuous sedges and rushes are fruit­ equally floriferous "Flat-Rocks," in ing at this time, appearing almost as March, and return to the scene in late dry as the already-dead remains of April or in May, we are greeted by a earlier-flowering species. The fJ.at­ riot of color; the richest season of the rocks look dry and deserted; not until year is late spring, before the summer early autumn will there be much evi­ sun has dried everything beyond rec­ dence of growing vegetation. ogl11tlOn . A host of tall perennials In September, when the heat of the dominates the scene. Thousands of summer has grown less intense, the blue delphiniums mingle with the rocks begin to fl ower again. Pink and golden-yellow blooms of the opuntias yellow annual portulacas cove.r much and red-golden kneiffias with flowers of the available sandy soil and Vigtliera, nearly two inches across. Countless now in full bloom, is a rich yellow. brilliant sunny Coreopsis fraternize pink polygalas and pinkish-purple an­ with the equally showy red dock, Ru­ nual gerardias are also competing for mex hastat~£lus , while hundreds of tall space in the turfy areas, while several panicles of the creamy-white yuccas annual sedges of small size serve to stand majestically above the rest. In hide the bare sand. The persistent the afternoon, if we are not driven Talinum still shows a flower or two and away by the scorching spring sun, we the scaly-scurfy Crotonopsis, of the find the ephemeral rose-colored flowers Euphorbiaceae, is everywhere. The of Talinum, a relative of our garden ordinary autumn perennials, like the Portulaca, beginning to open; the asters and goldenrods, although they brief fl owering period of the purple may be common a few rods away in tradescantia comes then, too. These woods and old fields, are almost wholly interesting succulents appear late in excluded from thi s artistocratic asso­ spring and persist until fall , but are ciation. In fact, the flora of the granite invisible in winter, on Iv the stout root­ exposures, the "Flat-Rocks," although stocks being perennial: so characteristic, is very limited in Hardy visitors who brave the heat number of species; hardly more than a of July and August to come back to one hundred can withstand the extreme of these granite exposures will find the conditions prevailing there at certain conditions greatly altered by drought times. and hot weather. Talinum still opens An almost exact parallel to this sit­ its rose-colored flowers every after­ uation is furnished by desert conditions. noon and the hardy, sunflower-like In both cases there may be rich soil Viguiera is beginning to turn the grassy capable - of supporting considerable patches green again with its new vegetation, but limited by a scanty sup­ growth, but the spring flora, so re­ ply of water at certain times of year, or splendent two months before, has C0111- by a scanty supply of the soil itself. pletely disappeared. The rigid skele­ P lants which can flourish under these tons of Dia111,orpha still stand erect in conditions are those which can mature the parched sandy pools and prick the seed quickly during periods of wet hands of careless botanists; the once- weather or those having some mean Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 197

HO~tstol1ia p~ts 'iUa a.t the edge of one of the "Flat-Rocks." The jiowe1's (J;re bright p'bwplish-blue 7vith a 1'eddish-p1.wple center. Dia1'lf/, 01'pha cymosa. The flowers a1'e piI11zish-white, with dee p pink or purplish anthe1's. The brigh.t red leaves a.ppear i17 the pict~we as blac l~ glob~(la1' objects scattf'1'ea o1'11.ong the leaves. 198 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct. , 1940 of conserving water, including plants reason why they fail to spread into with fl eshy leaves or stems, like the other, seemingly better soil; the pos­ cacti. In this connection, it is interest­ sible development of new species or ing to note that about three-fourths of vari eties in this restricted area. The all the species characteristic of tl1e botanist also, be he ever so preoccupied shallow sandy soil of the "Flat-Rocks" with hi s problems, can hardly fail to be are either short-lived annuals or fleshy impressed with the strange barren or bulbous perennials! beauty of these great expanses of Botanical exploration in these minia­ granite, nor fai l to ma rvel at the per­ ture deserts of central Georgia has dis­ sistence with which life clings to life closed much of interest, as well as much under the most trying conditions. It of beauty, to the scientist and student seems likely that these peculiar hardy of plant li fe. The botani st has for hi s plant-associations will fl ourish, undis­ prOblem the whv and wherefore of the turbed by man or nature, for long years whole matter; the mantler in which the to come, reminding us always that they vari ous elements of the granite-flora are one of the last surviving remnants came to be where they now grow: the of the fi rst fl ora of this continent.

The pict~(1'e gives an idea of the size of the" Flat-Roc/?s"; this 1.S one of th c steepe'l'-slop'£ng M 1CS, 'l'leO?' Stone JV/o%l'lta-il'l . The Illusive Ivy-IV.

ALFRED BATES

\JVITH this article the work upon the youngest species a tendency to break genus H edera which came to an abrupt in to more new forms than would be stop in 1934 wi ll be resumed. During fo und among the older species. This the past six years a new type of ivy has proves to be the case; fo r by far the given ri se to several fo rms which are greatest llumber of varieties and fo rms now easily obtained and already the are related to Helix. Of course human nomenclature is being complicated. In agency has helped this tendency along order to place on record the names and by encouraging it under cultivati on descriptions of these new fo rms before and by collecting from the wild all the they become as confused as the nomen­ slight variations from the type. If the clature of the older ones, it has been habitat of the H imalayan, the Colchican thought advisable to consider them now or the Canarian ivies were closer to instead of continuing the work where hand it is probable that more variations it broke off. This has a do uble advan­ would be fo und among them than we tage: first, the article which would have now. But the fact remanl s that have revive d the series would consist by fa r the largest number ot variations of a long and dry list of authentic now known may be classed under the names and synonyms up to and in­ latest speci fi c development of the cluding the year of issue of Hibberd's genus-Hclix-wh ich would tend to book whi ch caused so much havoc with prove that this species has not yet be­ the names while promising to be an come static and mi ght even be in the authority; and second, this group of process of evolving new species to branching ivies may be considered meet the condi tions here in the western now before names become badly con­ hemisphere especially as all these fused and again at the close of the series branching ivies have developed during as the last di vision of H cde1'a H elx the past fifteen or more years in its where it rightfully belongs, unless by adopted home. And who knows but that time another con:plex has devel­ that the botanists some five hundred oped in . the consciousness of this most years from now will not give specifi c illusive fo rm of plant life. rank to some plants which will have Tobler in his monograph On the developed from some of these newer genus (Die GattMng Hedera. 1912 ) forms of today? considers Helix to be the latest specific \Vhen I say this I know that I may development of the gell us. If he is meet with the ridicule of the scientist; correct in thi s-and it seems logical if but the fact remains that sometimes na­ we accept hi s surmise that the original ture works very rapidly. If in the space home. or starting place, of the genus of a few years nature can produce a was the northern part of India; that form of ivy such as Merion Beauty or the genus spread westward and east­ Green Feather-plants so wholly un­ ward and as it traveled further away like the tvpe in every respect, at least from its original home adapting itself from the horticultural point of view. it to new conditions it formed new spe­ is only reaso nable to surmise that na­ cies-then we may expect to find in the ture could in a few centuries fix char- [1 99 ] 200 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 actenstlcs along such lines so firmly be stressed here to clarify the method that new species would be the result. of nomenclature. However, we are not in the year 2400 N ow as to the term "sport. " I am A. D., or whatever it will be called, but taking this word to mean .a variation are here in the present and so must which arises from a bud, that is a consider these plants as being forms to branch which is di fferent from the par­ be classed under the specific name of ent plant and which carrie's that differ­ Helix. ence when cuttings have been made of it and they are grown into plants. As At this point it would be well to I see it a "sport" may be given the clearly state what I mean by the terms botanic rank of either a va?'iety or a variety, i01'11'l and SP01't. In the classi­ f01'1n; it would all depend upon the fication of plants the term genbls is used amount of difference from the specifi c to cover a group of plants which have plant which the botanist saw in the clearly related characteristics whi ch "sport"-however, this is a point over separate that group from all other which we wi ll not worry. In the fol­ groups. Plants within a genus are lowing I shall use the word "sport" separated in to species because of minor loosely to mean any plant originating characteristics within the group such as as an offshoot from a species, a variety a thick hairiness on the fo li age or a or a f01'111. To express it in more tech­ unifo rm difference in leaf-shape or dif­ nicallanguage, it is the resul t of a vege­ ferences in flower formation, etc. S pe­ tal change and not a new type resulting cies may be divided into v01'1:eties ac­ from cross fertilization. cording to smaller differences such as The reason I am not considering Phlox Drummondi·i var. stella1'is which "sports" as resulting from seed is that shows a difference in fl ower-shape from so far as I know there have not been that of the species; or Rosa setige1'a any proven crosses made between any var. t0111.entosa which has a greater of the species or var1·et·ies. To make amoun t of hairs on the fo liage than on such crosses scientifically one would the species. The term f01'1n is used to need to use the most painstaking care denote even smaller differences within to exclude the small fli es that are the the va?"iety such as more cri nkled fo­ chief agents of pollinization by carefully liage, larger flowers, later blooming bagging the flower cluster before the

penod,. more robust growth , varieo'atedb bloss0111s open; and one would need to folIage, etc. To illustrate with a series be absolntel)1 certai'/1 of the species or of ivies: H edem Helix is the specifi c varieties with which he was working­ name fo r the English Ivy; H . Helix he would have to know them in their :ar. triloba stands for a variety which juven il e stage in order to be certain of I S exactly like the type save that it is the correct names. For this reason it constantly, or usually, three lobed in­ will be safe to consider all the plants stead of five lobed; H. H. var. triloba dealt with in this paper as "sports" f. va1'i~gata would mean a plant ex­ from one development of H. Helix. actly lIke the variety save that the In the naming of "sports" of all foli age was variegated. Such a desiO'­ other classes of plants-roses, tulips, nation becomes unwieldy to anyone b~t phlox, daffodils, etc.-the rules govern­ the botanist or the assiduous collector ' ing the nomenclature call for the use of so for garden purposes it will be s h o rt~ English and not Latinized names. This ened when the occasion arises in the rule must apply to ivies also and will following articles. But the point must be ri gidly followed in these papers. In Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 20 1

H enr:)! 11/. Lil1,n Iv')!, P'ittsbll1'gh Cutting beginni'l?g to s/,01't . 202 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

C la1tde l-! 0 pe Tv)!, Hahn's Self-Branching (Bridgeto11 , N . I. ) Oct., 1940 THE NATIONA L HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 203

Cla1lde Hope Iv'y) Green Quartz 204 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

the past this has not always been the which would preclude its use save for case with the result that some of the the typical specific plant and those fol­ names of the old f. orms have Latinized lowing closely under it . names, many of which have become Throughout the entire writing the contorted through careless and igno­ word "complex" will be used to denote rant copying. Since about 1900 all a wide division or grouping which has European originators of new forms a general similarity of leaf-shape and have strictly fo llowed the botanical of manner of growth 01' of manner of ruling and there is no reason for growth only. At thi s time only one of American originators not folLowing it these divisions is being considered. It also. is now suggested that this di vision be known as the l'am,osa c01'JIIPlex) for its "COMPLEXES)) chief characteristic is the great freedom Before dealing with these newer in branching from every leaf axil as in forms it will be well to consider some contrast to the long unbranched stems peculi arities of the species itself . From of the other ivies. a horticultural point of view all the varieti es and forms of Helix may be GENERAL CHARACTERI STICS OF THE placed under one or other of several RAMOSA COMPLEX general types of leaf-shape or of man­ The chief characteristic has already ner of growth. S uch a classification been mentioned, the constant tendency was partly' made by Dr. Tobler in his to send out branches from every leaf li sting of names in 1927. In this li st he axil at the same time that growth is be­ divides many of the H el£x derivatives ing made at the tip of the main stem. into sections whi ch he calls "types"­ This produces a mass of fo liage instead Type palmata, Type ,'ariegata, T ype of a long stem of leaves as in the older deltoidea, Type sagittifolia. While I types of growth. It also produces a am not a botanist and do not intend to compact al1d bushy growth, fo r the in­ usurp botanical ri ghts, I am venturing ternodes are shorter than in other ivies to observe that variegated forms except the well known varieties 11'l'i17i111.a should not be placed in a separate and cOl7glo'merata; but in these two group but shoul d fa ll into such sections the stems are thick and woodv where­ as their leaf-shape warrants. A nd I as in the l'amosa cOlllplex the stems suggest that these divisions or groups are slender and pliant and become within the species be termed "com­ woody only after several years' plexes" and not "types"; for if we are growth. Generally t he size of the going to sub-divide the species at all leaves is much smaller than in the older we must consider all varieti es and types but one or two of them do have forms in it and so will need to fo rm our rather large and coarse leaves. T here di visions not only according to leaf­ is also, and this is a very important shape but according to manner of characterjstic, a very pronounced ten­ growth as well . Such a di vision would dency to sport into new and distinct be more clearly defined as a "complex" leaf-shapes a nd fo rmations. So great than as a "type," especially as the latter is this tendency to sport that while the term is already used botanicall v to re­ co mplex is scarcely fifteen years old fer to the species itself. B. D. Jack­ there a re at least a dozen di stinct varia­ son, in his Glossary of Botanic T erms, ti ons of it and indications of many defines "type" as "the ideal rep resenta­ more co m111g on. tive of a group, genus, or species," By referring to the drawings of the Oot., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 205 various typical leaves of the plants of from the same named variety and ar­ this complex it will be seen that two ranged in a graduated seri es which prevailing characteristics are outstand- would show hardly noticeable differ­ 1I1g. The leaves of all the forms are ences between adjacent plants but quite longer than broad and the two lower a difference between the first and last. lobes are, as a rule, only slightly devel­ This makes it extremely difficult to say oped. Secondary points to noti ce are just which is the typical fo rm. And it the clear greenness of the mature is especially so because of the deplor­ leaves, that is there is no trace of grey­ able lack of cooperation from the -orig­ ness as in some of the H ekl: forms, nor inators who have either ignored ques­ of a purplish bronzy undertone such as tions or answered so vaguely that the is noticeable in some other H eli_'!: replies were useless. forms. Then also the venation is re­ In the following li st I have at­ markably clear and distinct for so small tempted to arrange the plants in chro­ leaves and is almost always a pale green nological order an d to give their pedi­ with a slight trace of yellow in it and gree. The lack of interest or fear of not the greyish white of Helix and giving away trade secrets on the part some of its closely related vari eti es nor of the originators has made this almost the harsh yellow-green of the h ibernica impossi ble. What accuracy this li st­ co111plex. A ll the above characteristics ing has is due chi efl y to the help Mr. are generalities only and will be dealt Robert Manda has given me in check­ with in detai l under the various forms i ng over the order of introduction and as they are described later. in supplying the names of the parent What I am considering as the type plants of the sports according to his plant of this complex does not branch recollections o~ information given him as freely as the sports which are traced at the time hi s concern made purchases back to it ; but it branches much more of the various forms. Data regarding freely than any of the older forms and such varieti es as have sported in hi s it has that strong tendency to sport nursery is therefore the only part which which is characteristic of the complex. we can accept as absolutely authentic. At this point it might be well to call In the descriptions whi ch fo llow I attention to the disinclination of all have in all cases given as the length of ivies to adhere consistently to a similar the leaf the measurement from the base, leaf-shape; even on the same branch that is where the petiole is attached, to leaves will often show a great variation the tip; in leaves where the base is in­ in shape. In the Ra711.osa co1nple_'!: dented like the upper part of a heart the this tendency is even more pronounced; full length of the leaf extends beyond very often the leaves on the same stem the measurement given. As this exten­ will show a gradual transition from a sion varies with almost every leaf, I five lobed form to an unlobed one. Yet have taken the points mentioned above, in many cases cuttings taken from such as they give a more constant standard stems do not continue to produce such of measurement. As the observations leaf-shapes but revert to the type, or and descriptions are based upon potted very close to the type formation. There plants only, no mention is made of wi n­ is also a noticeable diversity among ter coloring. The color terms used for plants propagated from the same stock. the various shades of green are those In many cases a dozen plants, each in common use and therefore are not differing slightly from the other, could as exact as they would be if a standard be selected from a batch of cuttings color chart had been used. My inten- Oct., 1940 206 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

Iv')" Mel'ion Bem~ty Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MA GAZ I NE 207

Claude Hope

Ivy, Ha.hn's Mi·niat~w e 208 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 tion had been to use the Horticultural veloped basal lobes; however, in many Color Chart of the R. H. S. but owing of the leaves there may be merely in­ to shipping conditions the second series dications of basal lobes or none at all. has not yet arrived and the use of the The base is indented or heart shaped. first series alone would only create The petiole is only very slightly tinged confusion. In the future articles this with purple. Typical size is inch and color chart will be used, as it is better a half from base to tip of central lobe for horticultural work than others m and inch and a quarter across the that it specializes in plant colors. greatest width. The leaf appears to be much longer than wide because of the NAMED FORMS OF THE RAMOSA extent of the central lobe. See draw- COMPLEX mg. PITTSBURGH Ivy. Some time prior Very often plants will develop un· to 1927 this ivy was introduced by Mr. lobed leaves but so far cuttings taken P. S. Randolph of Verona, Pa. I can from them have not proved constant. give no further information as to origin, Another peculiarity is that often, seem· as the introducer did not reply to my ingly for no cause at all , a plant will letter asking for data. develop growth which is twice the nor­ Habit. The growth is compact, as mal size; that is, the internodes will be the leaves are fa irly closely set along twice as long and the leaves twice as the stem; in no plants under observa­ large and will always have five distinct tion have they been further apart than lobes. Such plants follow out their three-quarters of an inch. In plants idea of doubling by growing twice as tied to a support there is only a slight rapidly as the normal form. tendency toward branching; but it is All of these forms are splendid much more than in any of the older ground covers and make excellent pot IVIes. However, when plants are not plants either when trained up .over a given supports but are allowed to hang support or when allowed to hang over down over the rim of the pot or when the rim of the pot. planted out of doors where the stems lie on the ground the plants branch HAHN'S SELF BRA JCHI JG. In 1927 much more freely. In plants under ob­ Mr. Sylvan Hahn of Millvale, Pitts­ servation the branching does not occur burgh, Pa., found this form in a plant­ closer to the tip of the stem than the ing of "Pittsburgh Ivy" and placed it seventh or eighth leaf down and fol­ on the market in 1932; this was all the lows the growing stem in this relation; information I was able to extract from in many of the later developments the the originator. branching is much closer to the grow­ Habit. After the plant gets estab­ ing tip. li shed the growth is very compact, as Color. The color of the leaves is a the branching occurs as close to the deep full rich green which is somewhat growing _tip as the fourth or fifth leaf darker ~han emerald and the young back. This makes for a close mat of growth IS only a few tones lighter. The stems and a dense growth of fo liage, venation is quite pronounced but not so as the internodes are usually not more distinct as in H ede-ra H eli%; in color it than inch and a half long; however, it is more a sap green than a gray green. sometimes will send out long stems in Shape and Size. The typical leaf the usual ivy habit but these will fill in has a long central lobe, two well de­ quickly. veloped side lobes and two slightly de- Color. The color of the leaves is a Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 209

Claude Hope Ivy, Green Feathe1' Nal1lral Size 210 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 medium green rather fiat in tone and g[l)t111 d level and rather small inclina­ the young growth is about a pea green. tion to put out vi ning stems. It is ad­ The venation is not pronounced but is vertised as "a bushy ivy which may be marked by a thin line sli ghtly paler used as an edging plant much in the than the color of the leaf. same manner as dwarf box" and stress Shape and Size. The leaves vary is laid on the fact that it may be both in shape and size between those trimmed to keep it compact. shown in the drawing. The wider the Color. The color of the mature leaf is the less likely are there to be leaves is a holly leaf green with rather indications of basal lobes and the indistin ct venation of lighter green. deeper is the indentation at the base. The young growth is near an apple As the leaf-shape lengthens the basal green and stands out in strong contrast lobes become more pronounced and the to the older leaves. base more nearly approaches a straight Shape and Size. There does not line. The size varies from two inches seem to be a typical leaf pattern, for from base to ti p and two and three­ from all the leaves whi ch I have seen quarters across the greatest width to there are no two ali ke. They vary inch and a half by inch and three­ from a normal five lobed form to what eighths. can on ly be described as triangular; I have grown one plant of thi s va­ there may be various shapes with two riety in the garden since 1933 and it lobes only; or some in whi ch only om constantly has to be cut back to keep it side of the leaf develops. Then again within bounds. It makes a dense ground the margins may be plain , notched or cover but is not atti-active enough in wavy; some may be creased or even either leaf-shape or color to be used as folded back upon themselves; and if a pot plant. many one of the basal lobes curl ~ around at the base of the leaf so that it ALBANY Ivy. This was introduced almost forms an immature secondary about five years ago by Mr. F red Dan­ leaf which may be almost on the same ker of A lbany, N. Y. Later I under­ plane as the surface of the main leaf or stand he gave it a Latinized name stand out at right angle to it. The which of course can not stand. Request size varies too greatly to give (limen­ for in formation from the originator has sions at this writing. remained unanswered. While it does not make an interest­ Habit. I am unable to give a fu ll ing pot plant, it should be of use as an description of thi s ivy, as I have only edging plant where its seemin gly de­ a six month old plant under observa­ fo rmed fo li age would be lost in the tion. Some three years ago I bought a co mpactness of its growth and the plant tinder this name but last summer rich cheerful green of its leaves. found to 111y dismay that it was not correct. Early in the autumn a rooted MERION BEAUTY. This ivy is re­ cutting was sent me by a friend who ported to have originated with Mr. had purchas€d the original plant from Henry Faust of Merion. Pa. the originator; therefore the descrip­ Habit. The growth is very compact tion which fo llows is made from a both because of the very short inter­ small plant and from collected notes nodes and the prolific branching. In and may later be subj.ect to correction. no case are the internodes greater than Its habit seems to be a close compact three-eighths of an inch, in most they growth with many branches from are scarcely an eighth. The branching Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL l"IAGAZI NE 211

/

Claude lJ ope Iv,)', Rambler 212 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZ1NE Oct., 1940 is so free that in some cases it begins seen are one and three-eighths from as near the tip of the stem as the third base to tip and one and a half across leaf down. T he effect is a cascade of the greatest width. As the habit, color feathery green tumbling over the 1-im and leaf-shape are exactly the same as of the pot. It branches freely from the in Meri on Beauty there is much con­ base of the plant so that except in old fusion between the two and the larger specimens the stems are seldom bare. plant is frequently sold under the name As the plant ages the lower part of the of the smaller. stems becomes woody but even then My own confusion was straightened new growth is often made from them. out through the kindness of Mr. J ac­ Color. The color of the leaves is the ques L. Legendre, Vice President of same as that of P ittsburgh Ivy, a full Henry A . Dreer, Inc., who sent me deep rich green in the older leaves and plants of each with the information that several tones paler in the new ones. hi s company had got their original The venation is also the same. stock from the introducers of each Shape and Size. The shape of the form . leaves is also like that of P ittsburgh Ivy, even to the pronounced tendency GREEN FEATHER. This plant was in­ to produce unlobed ones. In the true troduced by Mr. Fred Danker of Al­ plant the leaves are not more than bany, New York. I had this plant for three-quarters of an inch from base to several months with out a name and tip and the same dimension across the during that time described it in a letter lobes; BUT t here is a larger leaved to M rs. George ·Weeks Hale of Nash­ form which is often confused with thi s vi lle, Tenn., as looking very much like plant. a green feather. (See illustration.) M rs. Hale was making an ivy garden HAHN'S MINIATURE. Shortly after at the time and subsequently received Meri on Beauty was introduced Mr. plants of it from the firm which had Sylvan Hahn of Mi ll vale, P ittsburgh, suppli ed mine; in her next letter she Pa., sent out Hahn's Miniature; in the suggested that the name Green Feather tW() letters which I managed to extract be given it. Several months later I from Mr. Hahn no information was found that the introducer had given it given in regard to this plant so I can a Latinized name, but just what it was only surmise that, like Merion Beauty, I have never known. As a Latinized whi ch is so similar to it, it was a sport name has no standing when given to a of P ittsburgh Ivy. horticultural /01'111 , I wrote the origi­ It is an exact duplicate of Merion na tor, carefully explaining the situation Beauty except in two things. The and asking both hi s permi ssion to give leaves are slightly larger and it does it the name of Green Feather and the not, at least in the plants that I have Latini zed name he had given it. Having seen, have a strong tendency to develop had no reply, I a m publishing thi s first unlobed leaves. It is true that some description of the plant under the name shoots will have some of these unlobed of Green Feather as a horticultural leaves but not by any means to the ex­ form in the Ramosa Complex of tent shown by Merion Beauty and verv H ed em H eli,,\:. often such leaves will develop as they Habit. The illustration shows clearly grow larger into a shape with an indi­ how much more this form is a shrublet cati on of two side lobes. The mea­ rather than a vine. The plant shown is surements of the largest leaves I have one year old and is not taller than six Oct., 1940 THE NATIONJ-\L HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 213

~.

C7ande Hope Tv')!, Mando's Crested 214 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct. , 1940 inches. The internodes are an eighth burger of W est L os A ngeles, Califor­ of an inch in extreme cases; more often nia. My attempt to find what name they follow after each other so closely Mr. H agenburger intends to give it has that one may say they do not exist. met with no success so I am listing it Some of the stems branch very freely under the above tentative name. and in other stems the branching is F ortunately a photograph was taken on ly in termittent. before the stock was sold and I had Color. The color of the leaves is a also made a fe w notes whi ch a re given deep holl y green whi ch is only a little here. I can not say anything regarding lighter in the new growth. The cen­ its habi t of growth but surmise that it tral vei n is much lighter than the leaf will fo llow that of P ittsburgh Ivy ex­ and is qui te pronounced but the other cept of course it will not be as robust vei ns are hardl y noticeable. T he stems in that all variegated forms tend to a of the leaves and their under sides are reduction both of leaf size and of vital­ much lighter in color, almost an apple ity. The leaf-shape does not have cen­ green. tral lobes as long as the parent, at least Shape and Size. Reference to the in small plants. T here is a decided drawing will show the leaf-form better margin of almost pure whi te whi ch than a description; the type-leaf is al­ sometimes extends rather fa r into the ways two side lobes, usually pointing leaf and there are areas of paler green forward, and a very long central lobe. and of gray green running down into Two basal lobes are very, very seldom the dark green portion. developed and even when they a re they It is to be hoped that this plant wi ll are merely indicated. In many of the shortly be placed on the market, fo r it leaves there is a constriction or a is very lovely a nd should have the har­ "waist line" at the base of the central diness of its parent. lobe where the side lobes begin ; in this form the width of the central lobe is GREEN QUARTZ. In the course of increased. T he longest leaf I could propagating the above Mr. :Manda no­ fin d was three-quarters of an inch by ticed one of the young plants did not half an inch wide; most of them a re show strong variegation and was al­ smaller. most reverting to P ittsburgh Ivy. T his Green F eather makes a charming pot plant was set aside and subsequently plant and will probably be a great ac­ propagated. quisition to the rock garden. As a pot H abit. T he habi t is much the same plant it should be watched ca refully, fo r as P ittsburgh Ivy save that it does not its close set foliage will fo rm a breeding seem to branch quite as freely; the in­ place fo r red spider. ternodes a re about half an inch long and the leaves are larger. ( P ITTSBURGH VARIEGATED. ) I am Color. T he main body of the leaf is including thi s fo rm under a tentative a rich moss green which is much paler name because it shoul d be listed here in the center of the leaf where it be­ as the fi rst vari egated sport in the com­ comes almost as li ght as a sap green pl ex. In 1938 Mr. Robert Manda and often there is a splash of yell owish fou nd one branch of the typical P itts­ green whi ch is sometimes quite pro­ burgh Ivy had developed vari egati on ; nouncedly "yell ow" in the sunlight. This this was rooted and a small stock of it vari egation is chi efly confined to the acquired. In the summer of 1939 this area 'on each side of the main vein , is stock was sold to Mr. Carl Hagen- someti mes fo und along the secondary Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 2J5

Ivy, Little B ea~£ty Natural Size 21 6 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct. , 1940 vems (that is the main veins of the half a nd one inch across the greatest other lobes) and is neve1' fo und along width. or near the margin of the leaf. In this A minor detail of differentiation is it differs from all other vari egated that while the petioles of both the par­ forms where the absence ' of green is ent and the sport are green without chiefl y along the margin. It appealed more than a tinge of red- purple, the main stem of the sport is strongly red­ so strongly to me that I persuaded the purple while that of the parent is not origin ator to introduce it under the more than flu shed with thi s color. above name which the coloring of the This may turn out to be only a col­ leaves suggests. lector's plant but I am sure that the Shape and Size. The shape of the ivy minded gardener will like it ; that lea ves is the same as those of P itts­ is, ivies bei ng what they are, if it con­ burgh Ivy. In size they are somewhat tinues to be co nstant. larger, the average measuring two inches from base to ti p and two SPORTS FROM MER IO N BEAUTY inches across the greatest width. T he As the remaini ng three forms have heart-shaped base of the leaves is al­ all sported from the same parent and ways deeper than in Pittsburgh Ivy, in the nurseries of W. A. Manda, Inc., which gives the full leaf a longer length. no further menti on of pedigree or orig­ See drawing. inator will be made. None of them is on the market at present because the LONG POINT. This is another sport stocks are not large enough to warrant from Pittsburgh Ivy whi ch ori ginated it. Potted plants were kindly lent me in the nurseries of W. A. Manda, Inc., fo r observation and photographs. of South Orange, New J ersey. A nd I accept full responsibility for adding MANDA'S CRESTED. This is an ex­ another name to what to the lay man cepti onall y beautiful plant both in the will seem already too many, fo r its chi ef coloring of the leaves and their shape. assets are the very long central lobe H abit. T he growth is compact and and its distinctive base. there is a strong tendency to branch H abit. In habit it resembles its par­ from the base of the plant. The inter­ ent except that it is slower growing; nodes are not more than three-eighths the internodes are shorter; it shows of an inch long. even less inclination to brallch, how­ Color. The leaves grade up in color ever, as the plants under observati on from almost a bright jade green in the a re young branching may develop later. older ones to a soft pale pea green in Color. The co lor is exactly as in the new growth and this new growth Pittsburgh Ivy. always has a faintly indicated li ne along Shape and Size. The leaves are al­ the margins of soft rosy purple and most unifo rmly three lobed, the central so metimes there is also a flu sh of thi s one being sharply triangular and more color over the leaf itself. The vena­ than twice as long as the rest of the tion is several tones li ghter than the leaf. The base of the leaf instead of leaf and forms a light pattern over the being heart-shaped as in the others of whole surface, as even the smaller veins this group curves away from the petiole stand out. and toward the apex. See drawing . Shape and Size. The leaves are al­ In size the leaves are fairly unifo rm, ways fi ve lobed ; the central lobe is the largest being a scant inch a nd a rather long, the next two almost at Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 217

Hahn's -Sel f

Me r! on .:Beauty < C1 reerz

Lon~ Point 218 THE NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct. , 194() right angles to it and the two basal The normal leaves are inch and an lobes at a sixty degree angle to the side eighth from tip to base and inch and a lobes. This fo rmati on tends to make a quarter across the greatest width. deeply indented base whi ch in many cases is overlapping. The plane of the LITTLE BEAUTY. This may prove to leaf surface is never fl at ; in some cases be a better plant than Merion Beauty all the lobes curve downward while or H ahn's M ini ature, fo r the texture of others, beside having this downward the leaves is thicker and the leaves curve, also have an upward curve of themselves are more interesting. H ow­ the leaf at the j unction of the lobes. ever, it is too early to make posi tive This gives the fo liage a crested appear­ statements, as all the plants of this ance. The normal fu ll grown leaf mea­ sport are the size of the one shown. sures inch and three-eighths from tip Habit. The growth is stronger and to base at petiole, two inches from ti p more erect than in Meri on Beauty or to end of basal lobes and inch and Hahn's M ini ature. T he branching be­ seven-eighths across the greatest width. gins as close to the tip of the stem as Often there will appear here a nd there the third leaf down. T he stems have a a leaf of greater size. strong purplish cast. Color. T he mature leaves are a soft RAMBLER. This plant might be moss green and the new fo liage is a roughly descr ibed as an improved P itts­ deep pea green which in the very burgh Ivy with a very pronounced young leaves has a pale purple cast tendency to spread horizontally instead over the whole surface. The vena­ of climbing upward. tion is qui te strong, as it is a much H abit. When looking at the illus­ li ghter green and forms a very inter­ tration one must remember that there esting pattern even in the young fo liage. are two plants in the pot and not one. Shape and Size. The leaves are al­ as in all other illustrati ons. T he growth ways five lobed wi th many of them show in g a suggestion of extra points at is compact and the stems are stronbo' enough to grow straight out without the base. T he base may be shallowly drooping; the longest stem measures heart-shaped, straight across or sli ght­ ten inches without drooping; after ly taperi ng away from the petiole. T he that length the stems begin to sag. T he largest leaf measures inch and an l11ternodes are an in ch long. The eighth from base to tip and inch and branching begins as a rule at the sixth three eighths acros the greatest width. leaf back from the tip of the branch, and occurs regularly down the stem. NOTES ON CULTIVA TI ON It will be a fin e ground cover and Before closing it might be well to shoul d make a good pot plant. make several cultural notes. Com­ Color. The plant has the same full plaints have been made that Merion ri ch green as P ittsburgh Ivy but the Beauty and Hahn's Miniature do not venati on is much more pronounced do well as house plants, often dying even in the new growth. suddenly and fo r no appa rent reason. Shape and Size. The central lobe is Both these plants will not tolerate a shorter than in P ittsburgh Ivy; the two surplus of moisture an i should never basal lobes are more full v developed be allowed to stand in water. Thev and the base is more heart-shaped. wi ll do much better when watered spa;­ Some extra large leaves, two or three ingly and when the pots have a good times the normal Slze, may develop. layer of drainage material which Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 219

fA {f Jldo'J ere.s feci

LillIe JjeClu/l/ c 220 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 should include some small lumps of that the mi xture reaches the insects charcoal. Then too the fo liage shoul d and all parts of the leaves. Valek does be thoroughly and frequently sprayed not stain and does not have too bad an in order to prevent red spider from odor fo r use in the house. Selecide is gaining a hold. A sli ght attack of this better for greenhouse and out of door pest will often kill the plants before use, as it seems to penetrate the web ; one notices that the plants are infested. but it has a terrific odor and it stai ns; As the foliage is of li ght texture and these stains are very hard to remove close growing the in sects' damage is from porcelain sinks or bathtub- I am done quickly, so metimes so quickly that speaki ng from experience. it does not have tim e to even fo rm its If one .desires these ivies to retain tell-tale web. their small sized leaves it would be well The best spray fo r red spider that I not to use a rich so;l ; my experi ence know of is Volek ; mi x in the propor­ has been that the use of fertil izers of ti ons given on the can and thoroughly any kind produced larger leaves and spray all parts of the plant ; if a web that an ordinary garden loam was all has been fo rmed it Illu st be broken so they needed for nnrlll al gro wth.

" .. \\. The Double Flowering Oriental Crabapples

DONALD W YMAN

Nlalus Hallial1a: first collection of J apanese plants to This tree is not as well known in A.merica, some going to Parson's N urs­ American gardens as its very beautiful ery at Flushing, Long Island, some to variety, the Parkman crabapple. Popu­ Francis Parkman in Boston, and some larly called the "Kaido" of Japanese to hi s own estate in Bristol, Rhode gardens, it was long beli eved to be a Island. From J apan he sent (by F. Japanese species, closely related to Gordon Dexter) to hi s good friend Malus ji01-ibumda but never fo und wi ld Francis Parkman of Boston a crab­ in Japan. However, E. H. Wilson apple which turned out to be truly found it growing in the wilds of Sze­ double fl owered-hence, Alfred Rehder clman, China, and so ·its true habitat is of the Arnold Arboretum named it after now know n. It was first sent to the two men responsible fo r its intro­ America in 1862 by Dr. George R. duction into this country. Origi nally Hall, after whom it was named. Ap­ this tree was planted by Jamaica Pond parently, this same plant was known in in Boston. It was not until later that Europe as early as 1780 under the it was introduced into Europe. Other name of M. ji01-ib'bmda flore pl e170. plants introduced by Dr. H all were However, it is quite different from M. 11.1 agnolia stellata, S ciadopl:t,)IS v erticil­ flO1-ibunda, for it has a more open, up­ lata, Lili1'£11'b awratu111, and many others. right habit of growth and its leaves are The fl owe r ~ of the Parkman crab­ never deeply lobed as is sometim es the apple are semi-double and double, a case· with leaves of M. flo n:bunda. The deep rose color, and about one inch tree is small and shapely with erect and a quarter in diameter. The fl ower and spreading branches fo rming a nar­ stalks (as is the case in the species) row head. The young leaves are a pur­ are drooping and purpli sh, and the plish red as they fi rst unfold in the flowers are borne in clusters of · from spring. It has deep rose-colored fl ow­ fo ur to seven fl owers. The fruits are ers of five to eight petals. Ornamen­ smaller than most of the oriental crab­ tally, it is not as desirable as its double­ apples, being the size of a small pea. fl owered variety, the Parkman crab­ They are a dull, greenish- red color, apple. and, becallse of this color and small The Parkman crabapple (M. Halliana size, are not nearly as conspicuous as Parlmw-ni) was also first sent to this those of many other oriental crabap­ country by Dr. George R. Hall from pIes. In fl ower, the tree is imminently J apal1. Dr. Hall had his home for superi or to most of the others. It must many years in Bristol, Rhode Island, be admitted, however, that in the large but after graduating from the Harvard collection of crabapples in the A rnold Medical School in 1846, he went to A rboretum at Boston, this was the only China to practice medi·cine. In 1855 he one to suffer severe winter injury in made a voyage to Japan an d was so in­ the winter of 1933-34. It was not ki lled trigued with this country that he made outright, but it has taken many vears several more tri ps. In 1861 he sent hi s for it to fully recover. Even with thi s

[2211 222 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1940

1tlaJus HaUiaJ/a (upper) Malus spectabilis (lower) Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 223

Arnold Arboretnm Malus Sche-ideckeri Oct., 1940 224 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE difficul ty, the dark glossy green fo liage siastically written about and recom­ of this small tree (it seldom is over 15 mended for English gardens as early as feet in height), its gorgeous drooping 1872. Another variety, alb i-plena, has double flowers, and dense, twiggy habIt double white flowers. Several years auo I saw a seedline- of M. spectabilis of urowth make it a desirable ornamen- b , ~ b which Mr. Slavin of the Rochester tal specimen. Parks (Rochester, New York) had Malu,s spectabilis: selected, and it had even larger flowers than those of the Rivers crabapple. This splendid ornamental is another This was, indeed, a perfect specimen in gift from Chinese gardens, where It, flower and should be propagated and apparently, has been cultivated frO~11 distributed as a first-class ornamental. time immemorial. It is not known 111 There surely must be other individuals the wild state but has been cultivated grown from seed of NI. spect~bilis in Eno'land ever since 1780, when it which show exceptional charactenstICs was cL~tivated by Dr. Fothergill. Being and are worthy of propagation. \Ve one of the taller oriental flowering must constantly be on the alert for such crabapples, it sometimes grows to a plants, for we need more double flower­ height of 30 feet. The general habit is ing crabapples in ornamental work. somewhat stiff, similar to that of the C0111mon apple of the fruit garden. lvIaiue Scheideclw'i: The particular beauty of this plant, The last of the double flowering commonly called the Chinese flowering oriental crabapples to be here discussed crabapple, lies in its flowers. As buds, is the Scheidecker crabapple, a hybrid they are a deep rose red, but when the between M. fioribll17da and probably flowers open, the color fades to a blush lVI. spectabilis. It was first offered to pink. Often 2 inches in diameter, the the trade by the great Spaeth Nurseries flowers are single in some cases, semi­ of Germany in 1888 and was intro­ double in others. One of the best of duced into America by the Arnold Ar­ the double flowering oriental crabap­ boretum in 1889. The fruits are yel­ pIes, it is, at the same time, the most low and are about 0 inch in diameter. variable. but not so oustanding as some of the The fruits of the plant are not nearly other crabapples-M. Arnoldiana, for so outstanding. They are yellowish example. The semi-double, pale flowers and small, being less than one inch in are borne in great profusion. \V. J. diameter. Both the flowers and the Bean in his Trees a,l1d Shrubs Ha1'dy fruits are easily distinguishable from 1:n th ~ British Isles, says that this and those of the Parkman crabapple, the lVI. floribul1da are the two finest of the first because of color, the second be­ flowering crabapples. cause of size and color. Then, too, lVI. These, then, are the double flowering spectabilis has fruits with a persistent crabapples. Although they are few , calyx, while the fruits of the Parkman they have great possibilities in bree?ing crabapple have a deciduous calyx. others. There may be clonal selectIOns Several varieties of this beautiful from these species and varieties that tree have appeared. The oldest is the are appearing in the trade. If so, these variety R'iversi, which has larger double should be welcomed. \Ve need more pink flowers and larger and broader of the double flowering forms, since leaves than the species. This is reall y they hold their flowers slightly longer an old ornamental, having been enthu- than the single flowering forms and Oct., 1940 THE NATlONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 225 are, of course, more beautiful. A great ance of some worthy double forms to 'deal of hybridization work is being car­ add to this hardy group of flowering ried on at the Arnold Arboretum with trees. the genus Malus, and it is hoped that Arnold A1'bo1'etum one of the results will be the appear- ] a11'bmc a Plain, Mass.

Cactus and Other Succulents

THE OLD MAN Because of its slow growth it is wise to get as large a plant as can be af­ When all has been said and all tastes forded. It is said to take forty years to considered, C ephaloce1'eus senilis re­ mains the most popular of the cacti grow about twenty feet, and from ex­ and deservedly so. In a sort of Gallup perience I know that it takes five years poll held by The Cactus and Succulent to grow it to its first four inches. A Society of Arl.1erica it was the general bed of two thousand such as exists in favorite. Its dense long white hair at least one California nursery is an earns for it the descriptive title of Old unforgettable sight, a field of living Mal1 with such qualifying phrases as snow. of Mexico, of the Desert, and of the In the Huntington Botanic Gardens Mountain. in San Marino near Pasadena are huge In spite of the fact that the plant it­ specimens that are so dirty and gray self and its seed are forbidden export, that this descendant of scrubbin.g N eth­ there are plenty to be had and the price erlapders at the sight Qf them longs for has come down wi thin the reach of the a pail of warm soapsuds, a brush and a slimmest purse. A seedling of the ladder. I am sure they would welcome size that once sold for a dollar is mow a bath and be better and handsomer for to be had for fifteen cents; a four inch it. Plants are very much like people! plant of the size once sold for ten dol­ NEFF K. BAKKERS lars is now only fifty cents and sixteen San Diego, Calif. inch plants are five dollars. About eight years ago, I myself paid seven­ Two EXTREMELY WORTH WHILE teen fifty for one that size and at the HARDY CACTUS wholesale rate. The fact that the dense white hair N eobesseya missouriensis is one of discourages insects, makes unscarred the finest of the small cushion type. The plants easy teD obtain and this added to individual plants are tiny, an inch to its wi llingness to grow anywhere in inch and a half, and increase around the house as long as the soil is kept and around, making compact mounds. sweet with lime and charcoal, increases The edges of the little cushions come its desirability. Its amazing and at­ smoothly and tightly together so that tractive appearance makes it outstand­ the sides of the mound, at all times in ing in any collection. No other cactus its development, come down snugly is at once, so long-haired, so white and against the ground, with the center so startling. It graces any garden and raised, something like a shallow bowl, any window si ll. inverted. These occasionally reach the 226 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1940 diameter oE a di sh pan but usually even Rebutia 11'I,il1'liSCula (Web.) K. Schum. the old, old mounds do not exceed a O ne of the amusing and possibly sad­ dinner plate in size. In early summer dening things about gardening is that they are covered, almost completely, each generation oE gardeners has to with gli stening amber to greenish fl ow­ find out for themselves much that has ers. The spines are white and li e flat, been known for years, has even been making a very pretty pattern over the recorded in some detail. The present surface of the dull mounds. T he great gardener is no better than the rest of beauty of this cactus is its shining scar­ his kind but does have a sneaking fond­ let berries, about the size of a coffee ness for looking through old bound berry, which appear soon after the flow­ copies of gardening magazines to dis­ ers fade and continue to glow bri ghtly cover what he may. until the next blooms fo rce them out. Recently in looking up a reference The berries grow between the fleshy in Revue Horticole in the volume for projections from the tip oE which the 19.12, the book opened to a color plate thorns emerge. This leaves them below of the cactus there recorded as Echi­ the spines and adds to the beauty oE nopsis 1'i'li-nuscula Web., a plant of plant, making it one of the most at­ which had li ved out its life span on the tractive in the rock garden, especially office shelf, bearing a crop of delightful in winter and early spring, when the small red flowers, some of which actu­ berries seem to be at their largest and ally ripened fruits and produced good brightest. A smooth compact mound, seed, from which a new crop of plants studded with its bright, shining berries has been raised, but not on the office below the lacy, white thorns is a de­ window-shelf ! li ghtfu l sight. To quote M. Roland-Gosselin, whose C oryphantha v·ivipam is larger than remarks are as pertinent today as then : the former; two to three inches. The "Thi s charming small cactus fl owers in individuals are separate and distinct, a good clump in its second year from though they, too, increase by offsets seed and its numerous flowers of a around the original. T hey, however, brilli ant red color make it very orna­ Eorm a cluster of small cactus, rather mental. Its culture and its easy mul ti­ than merging into a compact whole. pli cation warrant for it attention in all The spines extend outward and are cold countries where it might survive quite long. The glory of this cactus out of doors. li es in the exquisite, glowing rose of "The specimen at the M useum, fig­ the relatively large fl owers, which it ured here, is five or six years old from bears in abundance. The frui ts are not seed and bore last March thirty-two attractive, being an inconspicuous, dull flowers and over thirty off-sets closely green about the size of a thimble and packed and superimposed one above burst when they are ripe, unless col­ the other so that the base of the olel lected by the birds first. We have fo und plant is 110t visible. this cactus growing on the li p of a rock "U sually the flowers are ferti li zed where there was hardly soil enough to naturally and the fruits that mature in anchor the roots, but blazing out its less than a month, mature a large num­ beautiful flowers as gloriously as others ber of seed which should be sown at more favorably located. maturity. They will germinate in eight MRS. H. P. MAGERS days, providin g a rapid multiplication. Sterling, Kans. "Cultivated in large pots which may / Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 227

contain a good number of plants, this special word need even be said abou~ small Echinopsis is charming especially the beauties of their plants. T o those when covered with fl owers. It grows who have never considered them spe­ well grafted when small, in size no ciall y, a note may be an open door to larger than a pea, upon the solid stems the beauties of form that are always a of Cereus S pachianus. It is enough to part of the plants' c1aiIll to attention. place the young plant exactly on the Various cacti have lived on the office center of the axis, taking care that the window shelf for some years in their two secti ons a re exact and smooth. It separate small pots and delighted us is scarcely necessary to fi x the union if with their annual increase in diameter the temperature is slightly raised. The and the g radations of color from the grafts grow with surprising rapidity newest center to the old est peri phery. and fl ower even Pl ore abundantly. Recently, Mrs. Bakkers sent some new ones that are so charming in their or­ * * * * * dered symmetry that a special word is "The culture is ll1 0st si mple. Good provoked. soil rendered porous by the addition of In an oblong J apanese pot of dull ample amounts of coarse sand: perfect gray blue sit twenty young 1l1ammil­ drainage; practically no water from the larias in nineteen species. Being a end of November to the end of Febru­ careless person, they have been ar­ ary. At that time, if there is sign of ranged in alphabetical order from fl owering, water may be added grad­ M ammilla1-ia bocosana to M. /iV oodsii! ually, but only 011 fine days. In May This, of course, is a stupid procedure, one may move the pots to the open air since no alphabet could possibly be ex­ or better still transplant them to ' beds pected to bring about the optimum jux­ of properly prepared soil. Used in this taposition of color, spine or form. Per­ way they make an excellent border. haps too it is a foolish pleasure, since a During the warm months the watering delight in ordered rows of diversified may be copious and daily. round objects is elemental, almost child­ " In October, when they are lifted, like. H owever, they have pleased more the watering must be reduced. than one who has seen them. " If the sun is useful in winter, in M. bocosana Poselg. from northern summer a little shade will help. These and central Mexico has bright green plants grow in the A rgentine where almost cylindrical mammae topped with various grasses provide just this sort bunches of fin e bristle-like white radial of shade during their g rowi ng pe­ spin es ending in silky hairs that almost riod. * * * * *" hide the brownish central spines that The translation of co urse is ve ry are stiff and hooked, and give the plant free. The enthusiasm is very real and a silvery, misty look that quite belies the plants that grow here in a green the firmness of the central spi nes. glazed pot that came from Mexico, M . calacantha Tiegel is much more while they may not be models of per­ compact with shorter mammae that are fection, provide the usual pleasure that more radial and a grayer green. At can always be had from the beautifully each tip there is a starry arrangement rhythmic green growth wi th the stars of thin white bristly spi nes and a cen­ of fin e bristles over their surfaces. tral tuft of brown spines that project outward. CACTUS SEEDLINGS M. conspicua J. A . Purp. from Mex­ To old hands at cactus grow1l1g, no ico is represented by an even mon' 228 Tl1E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 compact darker green plant with small in effect because each tubercle bears a closely set tubercles, so closely set that fluff of long, white hair-like bristles, the starry radiating white bristles al­ with whi te central spines tipped with most cover the entire surface and form reddish brown. These, close together a si lvery fo il for the larger, ascending, near the growing tip, give a spot of very stiff brown central spines. warm brown at the center of the plant. M. d ecipiens Scheidw. from Mexico M . H omiltol1hoytea Werd. is a with large cylindrical tubercles looks chunky fellow broadest at the top with as if it might grow far larger than moderate sized gray green tubercles some. Each tubercle is topped with a tipped with rigid stars of short, white, stiff lemon-white star of needle-like radial spines and incurving brown cen­ radial spines and one longer central tral spines. spine yellow now but to become brown N! . Kelle1-io17a Schmoll is dark green later on. with large tubercles and stars of yel­ N!. dolichocentra Lem., now M . low, brown-tipped radial spines and tetracantha Salm-Dyck to some, is a longer central spines, the uppermost the taller, darker, duller green seedling with larger tubercles, stiff radial spines longest. These make a dark brown up­ tipped with brown and ascending, in­ ri ght mass in the growing center. curving central spines of dark brown, N!. maglli1llamma H aw. has large tu­ almost black at their tips. bercles of dark green, somewhat N!. dUirispi·na Boedeker from Cen­ grayed, that seem more separate from tral Mexico, like the last, is a la rger the central axis than in some of the plant wi th still darker green but si mi­ others here. The radial spines are lar colors on the spines. fewer, shorter, almost white but black­ M . elongata DC. from western Mex­ brown on their tips, especially when ico is one of the branching forms and young. already in this juvenile one-inch plant M . 111 end eliollo Ii\! erd. is a lmost has six branches close about its base. globular, but a little broader at the top. The color now is pale apple green and T he tubercles are small , closely set, the whole surface is obscured by the with fine white tars of radial spines pattern of pale yellow stars of spin es and longer central spines, the upper­ that make one think of coral. A much most the longest. As they are dark larger older plant has lived here for brown, thi s gives a fine effect. some time but has never bloomed since 111/. 11l)lsta,'r Mart. in this stage is al­ it came from the greenhouse, so we most a sphere of moderate-sized apple have never had its masses of straw­ green tubercles with straw-colored colored fl owers. stars of radial spi nes that recurve to­ M . Fischeri Pfeiff. from Oaxaca in ward the plant, and much longer, also Mexico is a short and stubby infant recurving central spines that pass here with relatively large tubercles, from straw color at the base to brown dark but glaucous green, with shorter at tip. radial spines than most and the promise 111/. Schiedeana Ehrenb., the smallest of much longer darker brown central in our seed pan is a tiny sphere of spine. rather longish conical tubercles of deep M. H ahniana vVerd. and Backbg. is yell ow green and reflex ing stars of fin e again a glob ular form with small er tu­ gold spines, white when old. It is a belTl es, closely set and leaf green in charming thing. "At a di stance it looks color. They appear much more blue li ke gold plush. " Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 229

NI . se1npe?'vivi D C. is one of the stub­ star of white radial spine from whi ch by ones, broadest at the top with cl ose­ rise the brow n central spines of whic h ly packed rather coni cal tubercles with the lower is the longer. These make a few radial spines that soon drop off and spot of brow n in the growing center short, stiff dark brown central spines. and stand over the res t of the plant M . tetmcantha Salm-Dyck among like rapiers thrust downwards. these seedlings does not exactly re­ Since jVI a11Mnilla1'£a is a large genus, semble M . do lichoce11 tra already de­ over two hundred species being admi t­ scribed and these are supposed to be ted and some variants, it is obvious that synonyms by some. It is broader at such collections as thi s might be infi­ the base, a yellower green but with sim­ nitely varied. T o one person they are ilar spines. H ere perhaps is a taxono­ an infinite delight, to another a stu­ mi st's snee r- but no matter, it is a vis­ pidity. While, doubtless, the writer ual delight! wo uld never have moved to discover M. Vaupelli Tiegel. This is an aston­ them for himself, in 'spite of several fine ishing plant broadest at its top, the blue oldsters here already, he can see now green rather small mammae entirely an amazing range of perfect form and hidden behind the interlacing stars of pattern in which li e many expressions the white radi al spines. The central of plant beauty. spines are longer, yellow brown and The soil, of course, is fifty per cent make a sea urchin-like cover t o it all. sand, the drainage perfect, the watering M. W oodsii Craig in ed. This is a once a week or less-and light as much rather squat form with small tubercles as can be had on a shelf before a south of dark green each tipped with a tiny window.

Rock Garden Notes

ROBERT C. M ONCURE, E dit01'

A t L ast, a W 01,thwhile Ambis terest throughout the year. The dark The true A 1'ab,:s F e1'dinandi-C ObU1'g'i, gree n, irregular rosettes form a cushion as delightful in name as in the rock gar­ S0 l11 e five inches in height. The fl ow­ den, is a worthwhile addition to any ers, one half inch in diameter, are pure coll ecti on. This native of the Balkans white and are born e in racemes four is li sted by a few nurseries, but the to fi ve inches above the leaves. The plants so designated are mos tl y less co ntrast between the whi te blossoms desirable relati ves. The plal1ts in the and gree n foliage produces a striking Cornell R ock Garden ori ginally came eff ect during May. from a nursery in northern New J er­ Although Arabis F e1'dinandi - C 0 - sey. In my travels about the country burgi is rarely seen in rock gardens, it I have looked for this species; appar­ is easy to grow. A loamy so il which is ently few perso ns grow it. moist but not wet and full sun fo r most This rock cress is notable fo r its of the day (or continuous light shade) evergreen foli age which provides 111- have given the bes t res ults at Ithaca. 230 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 194U

T;f/a rren C. Wilson G1'01£nd cov er plants, Cornell U niversity R oc!? Ga rde n.

E ven though the plants at Cornell have rather large numbers of spreading spe­ never set seed, the fl ower stems are cies set close togeth er in groups of removed for neatness' sake as soon as single ki nels, so they almos t completely the bl ossoms fall. The plants are dug. carpet the ground and partially con­ divided, and replanted when the mats ceal the rocks. T aller plants are used become so large that they die in the sparingly in small groups or singly. centers. The plants are subj ect to burn­ The contrasts and harmoni es in plant ing during the hot, dry days of summer forms and fl owers, in foliage colors unless give n ample water. Thev will and textures, give sustained interest withstand sub-ze ro temperatures, but throughout the year. The matted plants the evergreen foli age will suffer frOIl1 also tend to prevent washing of the the win ter winds and sun unless soil , weed in vasion, and heaving by mulched with glass wool or some other fros t. li ght material. Mall Y g rotlnd covers are bein g used W ARR EN C. \ V ILSON in th e Cornell R ock Garden at Ithaca, N . Y. The foll owing are a few of the A New Effect fr01n Gr01£11d Cov ers particularl y valuable ones useful for A recent development in rock gar­ giving the "alpine lawn" effect : dening, an adaptati on of the ground A lySS1t11~ 11~ onta 17l1m - a good car­ cover idea, gives the "alpine lawn" ef­ peter, five inch mats of grayish leaves ; fe ct. This is created by the use of fl owers yellow, profuse, in May and Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 231

/lVan'en C. Wilsol!

S edums planted on a nat~wal shale O~£tCTOP for gro'bll1d covel' effec t in Cornell Univ e1'sity Rock Garde11 .

June; sun ; a rapid grower, shear after June and J ul y; sun ; wi II stand rather bl ooming. dry conditi ons; shear after flowering. Arena1'ia v enw var. caesp'itosa-the R eTl1ia1'ia glabra - a ti ny evergreen old favorite for cracks between stepping­ creeper not over one half inch in stones; dark, evergreen, moss-like mats height ; fl owers inconspicuous; li ght an inch hi gh ; the fl owers are small, shade and moisture. white and unimportant; sun or light Nierembergia 1'ivularis-a fi ve inch shade in soil that does not become dry. carpet of long-petioled, deciduous leaves (The form a~wea is yell owish green from creeping stems; upturned, bell and looks well with the green form if shaped fl owers two inches across, used in smaller quantities.) white with a golden throat, in July; GlobulaTia nan a-dark green, ever­ sun and moisture; not entirely hardy green mats an inch and a half high; north of New York City unless fl owers light blue, stand an inch or so mulched. over the leaves, in .Tune; li ght shade. Pote11tilla veTna var. nana-a mat­ R ei£anthe11'l.u?n m(.mmu la1'iu 11~ var. former fo ur to five inches high, leaves g1'andiflonml. - dark green, persistent persistent ; fl owers golden yellow in leaves in dense mats four to fi ve inches May and June; sun; avoid rich soil in height; cover with yell ow flowers in and excess moisture. 232 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

Wonen C. f,Vi/son {( Alpine lawll," effect with g1'Olill d cover.

T hy111'LtS bl'ittanie~£s - forms rapidly thf' plants once or twice a season will spreading, dense mats fi ve to six inches increase the density of the mats and tall, leaves gray, hai ry, evergreen ; keep the plants from becoming too tall. fl owers rosy lave'nder, June; sun ; shear A light appli cation of a complete fer­ aft er fl owering. tilizer in early spring wi ll help keep The maintenance of a ground cover the plants in a vigorous, healthy condi­ planting is less, I believe, than that for tion. However, it is wise to divide and the usual type of planting in a rock reset the plants every three or fo ur garden. Once the plants have covered years. T hi s should eliminate the die­ the ground, relatively few weeds ap­ out in the centers common to almost all pear. T wo or three thorough weed­ mat forming plants. Winter injury can ings each year are sufficient fo r most be avoided by mulching with glass gardens. During dry periods water wool or some other effi·cient mulch. must be supplied or the plants will burn and become unsightly. Shearing WARREN C. \ iVILSOr Rhododendron Notes

CLEMENT GRAY BOWERS, Edit01'

New H ybrid Rhododendl'ons from England but which is at present It seems to me that the most telling unidentified except for the temporary advancement in "true" rhododendrons designati on of "Dexter's No.9," is of fo r the milder sections of the eastern a deli cate blush color with a distinct U n.ited States occurring in the last dec­ apricot tinge. This apri cot or salmon ade has been in the 111ultiplication by ti nt, with its slight suggesti on of yel­ seeds of the vario us fo rms of Rhodo­ low, has reappeared in several seed­ dendron Fort~tnei and other members li ngs and is a delightful thing. of the Fortunei Series . Vari ant forms Another important fea ture, and qui te of these, includi ng fo rms of R. deco- delightful also, is the sort of fragrance 1'U 11~ , R . discoio?' an d the less impressive which most of these seedlings possess. R. Fa1'g esii, with possible hybrids with If you can imagine the scent of a gar­ others and with these inte1' se, are now denia diminished to a point of subtle showing up in quantity and are large delicacy, and subdivide d into several enough to bloom and show some of the minor degrees of flavor, some a bit characters of maturity. Many of these spicy, yo u will have some idea of the di splay fine features. I saw them first range of fragrance among thi s group of a dozen years ago when Mr. C. O . Dex­ plants. As a rul e, these large, sweetly ter of Cape Cod began raising them ex­ scented fl owers blo0 111 with those of tensively from seed. Subsequently Rh.ododend1'on ca1'oli17.ia17'/,£111, about ten they have been di sseminated somewhat. days prior tQ the main group of Cataw­ This May I had the good fo rtune to ba hybrids. The Molli s Azaleas also study a splendid collecti on of Dexter blo0 111 about the same time. Their seedlings, as well as a number of others leaves are a bit larger than those of the acquin~ d from other sources and by rhododendrons we are commonly ac­ original production, in the garden of customed to and their ha bit of growth Mr. Samuel A. Everitt, near Hunting­ is robust. Upon occasion they have ton, Long Island. withstood temperatures of ten degrees As a rule, the fl owers are much or so below zero F ahrenheit without larger than those of the ordinary Ca­ being killed, but one or two nights of tawba rhododendrons; many of the in­ exceptional cold without dire conse­ dividual fl owers are four inches or so quences does not by any means estab­ across. They occur in fa ir-sized trusses lish a claim to hardiness in regions of a dozen or more fl owers, but with­ where such is the co m111 0n rule. In out quite so many flowers per truss as justice, I should say that some of them in the average Catawba; occasionally, may have been more fully tested for however, the trusses are quite full. In hardiness, which I have not yet learned . color, they are much clearer than those about. of our American so rts, by which I It seems evident, both from the his­ mean that they seldom have the pur­ to rical literature and by obse rvation of plish or lilac overcast which is so com­ specim ens, that R h.ododend1'on For­ mon in the Catawbas. One of Mr. tunei and its kin has played a part in Dexter's ori ginal plants, whi ch is the pedi grees of certain of our Catawba doubtless a named va ri ety imported hybrids. The fin e red variety, M rs. [233 ] 234 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

Charles Sargent, bears evidence of vidual plants appear which will be such an infusion. Yet the part playe'd greatly above the average hardiness of seems to have been a small one, and the any previously known in this country. other species appear to have dominated. Some signs of this have already ap­ Mr. Lionel de Rothschild has written peared, but not yet hearing of more that, many years ago, he used members definite evidence to this effect, I shall of the Fortunei seri es extensively in reserve present judgment and look to crosses with Catawba hybrids and got the future for ultimate results. nothing worthwhile. I have made a M r. Everitt's plants are now of good number of such crosses within recent size, many being four to six feet tall, years, without achieving any distinct and are displaying a wealth of bloom advances with the Catawbas, but with and a mature character of growth. promising results in other directions. which permits one to evaluate their So it is not surprising that we have not ultimate possibilities. They are very seen greater evidences of the Fortune happy in thei r glade-like environment rhododendrons among our hardy hy­ and are kept in vigorous growing con­ brids, which, in the main, have always dition by careful and constant attention been of the Catawba type. to soil fertility and water requirements. During the last fifty years, several They are growing in a protected spot, species of the Fortunei Series have where there is shelter from the wind, been grown quite extensively in Eng­ and their situation near the water of land and it is incredi ble that many Long Island Sound gives them a con­ forms of these have not found their genial environment where extremes of way to this country. Presumably they temperature are moderated. In other have. Yet few are to be found now in words, these plants are favored with a America and there are records of fail­ somewhat better environment and bet­ ure here. \Vhy, then, after seventy ter horticultural care than could be years or so, are these species succeed­ generally expected in the average gar­ ing here now? The answer is at least den. Similarly favored conditions ob­ threefold: First, because we know tain also in Mr. Dexter's garden near more today than fo rmerly about soils Sandwich on Cape Cod. I mention and the relations of growth and hardi­ these facts in connection with the de­ ness (which I shall discuss a bit later) ; scri ption of the plants, because they are second, because the present work has important in evaluating hardiness and been carried on amid unusually favor­ vigor of growth. Not only does the able surroundings; and third, because mild envi ronment produce an even, un­ most of the plants brought to America interrupted growth-rate throughout the in the old days were E uropean intro­ season, but the vigorous growth pro­ ductions - named varieties, grafted, duced thereby is a definite promoter of which had proved their worth abroad, hardiness. As has been previously but which were not produced primarily pointed out in this column, the azalea for America. Only in recent years or rhododendron plant which makes have seedlings been grown extensively vigorous growth during the spring and over here. Now, seedlings of these summer is prepared to go through a Fortune rhododendrons are quite va­ subsequent cold winter with less in­ riable, and, with the extensive trial of jury than the plant whose growth in seedlings, such as is being carried on the summer has been checked or in­ by Messrs. Dexter, Everitt and others, hibited by insufficient water, unsuit­ it will not be surprising if certain indi- able so il , lack of plant food. competi. Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 235

ClatuJe Hope [See page 236]

The Rhodora, Rhodod e J ~ dron canade-nse 236 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

tion, too much heat, a poor graft-union the gardener is suffi ciently interested or any other retarding influence. Thus and adept to keep them in a state of the two facto rs or growth and hardi­ healthy vegetative growth every sum­ ness so metimes work together. S uch mer. It may require some more work environ mental influences fo r good or in hybridization with more "ironclad" ill are often spoken or as ecological species before the Fortune rhododen­ factors. R hododeudrons and azaleas drons as a class will become tough need an uninterrupted season of enough to withstand the ecological growth. This is why they do so well conditions that rhododendrons gener­ in a mild climate like that of England. ally have to endure in this country. That, too, is a reason why the oak-leaf At any rate, the present work is very mulch is generally needed as much in significant and one hopes that it may summer as in winter-to maintain uni­ continue unti l the various members of formity of moisture in the soil. the Fortunei Series have been thor­ A combination of good ecological oughly tested in seedling material and factors which favo r both vigor and also in hybrid combination with such hardiness, therefore, is an essential other species as may prove useful. In characteristic of both the Dex~er and this way only shall we develop useful Everitt gardens. As a sidelight upon American races of plants that are adapt­ what might be expected from the av­ ed to the peculiarities of our climate. erage gardener, who is prone to neglect One cannot too strongly urge the grow­ h; s plants, if he were to tackle some of ing of plants from seed, in relatively the Fortune rhododendrons, I might large quantity, in order to uncover use­ mention the fact that several plants of ful variants, for thi s is the usual route one variety now growing very satisfac­ through whi ch valuable new individuals torily fo r Mr. Everitt-a clone called are discovered. "Mrs. Charles Butler" - were pre­ CLEMENT G. BOWERS viously growing elsewhere on Long Island, where they proved quite tender; Rhododend1'on ca1wdense Zabel (See but in the other place they had not re­ page 235) ceived the shelter or care whi ch they The rhodora is usuall y thought of as now obtain. Whether such will be the a northern shrub and one, moreover, fate of the rn any fine Fortunei varie­ that exhibits certain marked predilec­ ties which we may soon expect to see in tions for situation. V\Then it was pro­ the trade, or whether some of them will posed to grow it here in Maryland sev­ be tough enough to withstand the eral New Englanders whose opinions rough and ready conditions of the av­ were valued assured us that it could erage northern garden, which is gen­ not be done, because this location is to erally too hot in summer and too cold far south. As compared to the reported in winter, I am not in a position to range "Newfoundland to Quebec south predict. It is possible that some have to Pennsylvania and New J ersey," this already proved themselves, but, to be does seem far south, but the only dif­ conservative in advance or such definite ficulty encountered to date has been information, I would venture to guess the same that overtakes manv an azalea that the present crop of seedlings of the here, namely premature growth caused Fortunei Series, will prove wonderful­ by ""inter warmth. This has resulted ly satisfactory when grown in sheltered in loss of bloom as well as damage to gardens where the winter temperatures shoots on more than one occasion. seldom go much below zero and where Here the small rose-purple fl owers Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 237 which do appear before the leaves, are this magazine for October, 1927, made sometimes overtaken by the growing in May of that year. As yet, no record shoots, so that the warm pinkish flower has been fo und that this is offered in masses are overclouded by gray green trade. leafy shoots. Doubtless in its mo re It is interesting also to observe that natural habitat, this would not occur. this American plant was ill ustrated in If one fo llows the classification of 1800 in Curtis Botanical Magazine (t. Rehder and 'Wilson "A Monograph of 474) with an excellent figure and very Azaleas" (1921), it occupies the Sec­ brief notes, the most important part of tion Rhodora of the Genus Rhododen­ which is that it "was'introd uced in 1767 d1'0I1 with R. Vaseyi its only American by Si r Joseph Danks, Bart." kin and the Oriental Albl'echti, pen­ B. Y. M. taph'yllu1n and 1'1 i PpOl1iC1-m't its allies there. Tuinbouw Encylopedie Vol. 1. De Aza­ Of these Vaseyi is well known and lea indica L. (Rhododendron Simsii has already been illustrated in our P lanch.) by H. Scheerli nck Dr. Sc., journal. Albrechtii is represented in J oz. Baumann, Fr. de Somer, Aug. our co ll ections but does not grow with Haerens en A. Van Leere. any particular zest and as yet shows no De Sikkel, Krius hofstratt 223 signs whatever of flowering. In its Antwerp. Wereldbibliotheek N . V., growth charaoters this plant does not so Amsterdam. much resemble Rhodora as it does Contents, History, Botanical Studies some of the species in the Section Scia­ (History of the names, related spe­ dorhodion, particularly R . Schlippen­ cies), Seeds and Grafting, Cultivation bachii. (General factors, heat, light, forcing, In Rehder and Wilson (1.c. p. 185) soil, etc.). Special cultural practices are recorded two hybrids in which R. (Cutting, grafting, etc.), Fertilization canadense as seed parent was polli ­ (Soil requirements, analyses of plants nated with R. It,te'Um to produce X R. and soils, etc.) , Insects and diseases, Seymou1'i and with R. japonicu11IL to Description of Varieties ( 188 - 382 produce X R. Fmse1'i. This latter was pages), Commerce, Care and produc­ represented in the collections at the Ar­ tion of forcing plants, Use as house nold Arboretum in 1927, and a drawing plants, Biographic notes on principal of one flowering shoot was included in horticulturists and botanists. Lists.

A Book or Two

The Ge-m,s T~£lipa . Sir A . Daniel Hall. been the special concern of scientific i n­ The Royal Hor ticultural Society, vestigators who have busied them­ Vincent Square, S. W. 1, London, selves with problems of their relation­ England. 1940. 171 pages. 40 plates ships and have turned on the problem in color, illustrated. O ne pound two all the ingenuity and ski ll of modern shillings. scientific research to unravel some of T he wil d species of tuli ps have been the problems that appear to thwart any the ob ject of devotion arnong gardeners other type of approach. In this book for many a year and for some time have whi ch Sir Daniel modestly feels is only 238 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZIN E Oct., 1940 the report on findings that may serve thei r accuracy (in so far as we know as the basis of new and more complete the tuli ps) but in the reproductions that studies, we have reported the findings are superb in their deli cacy and tender­ of the author and hi s assistants to the ness of coloring. Beautiful as they are, present time. H e co nsiders it as an ad­ they do not overshadow the rest of the dition to the ~ u s u a l procedures of tax­ book. onomy as usually practiced rather than T he amateur gardener may not feel as a proof that they are a substi tute fo r that he is immediately concerned with such studi es . some of the di scussions that are in­ After a chapter on the hi story of the volve d. He may fee l that he is con­ tuli p as it came into cultivation, there tent to accept the tuli ps that co me are presented chapters on the mor­ safely in their sacks of buckwheat phology of the plant and on the cytol­ hulls, if indeed they ever come again, ogy of the species, after which he pro­ but even so he cannot fail to look at his ceeds to the presentati on of a key for tulips hereafter with the same eye. H e use in determining the species and a cannot fail to see in tr.em not merely discussion of the species themselves. tuli ps with a ll the wonder of their "The author has fo r many years been physical make-up but also the written growing all the species that are obtain- heritage that is hi s, across all time and . able in western Europe, and it is hi s space, by the hand of men and women contention that the identi ty of most of no longer here who have had a share them can onl y be determined by study­ in the hi story of the plant as well as in ing them in the li ving state. D iagnosis the making of this book. It should £rom a dried herbarium specimen, col­ serve as an example of the type of work lected by a botani cal explorer, is a very that botani sts and gardeners mi ght uncertain proceeding, since many fea­ well combine to accomplish in several tures are obscured and no information genera in our own co untry. is usually available as to its habi t of growth, tim e of fl owering and range of The Art of Japanese Garde ll s. L oraine natural vari ation. A bove all the chro­ E . K uck. T he J ohn Day Company, mosome complement can only be deter­ New York, 1940. 304 pages, illus­ mined from li ving materi al and yet trated. $5.00. upon thi s character depends the di s­ tinction between many similar and re­ This is a very beautiful book in its lated tuli ps. Sir Daniel H all gathers physical make-up and presentati on. The into hi s book much recent experimental type is cl ear and fi ne, the paper pleas­ work on the tuli p, most of which has ant, the illustra ti ons well produce d been carried out at the J ohn Innes H or­ from the color print that serves as ti cultural Institution of whi ch he was frontispi ece through all the half-tones. Director. ,;, * * * "Miss K uck begin s her study of "One interesti ng problem still re­ J apanese gardens in China, for the art mains open-the origin of the race of began there. She pursues it largely in garden tuli ps whi ch came to western terms of personali ties - the emperors, Europe from T urkey about the middle nobles, conquerors, pri ests, artists and of the sixteenth century but of which obscure laborers who made the gar­ no wild source has been traced either dens-seeing them always not as dull in literature or in nature." ' hi storic fi gures, but as vital personages. The illustrati ons in color by H . C. She also relates the development of Osterstock are exqui., ite not onl y In gardens to the hi storical background, Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 239 to Oriental religion and philosophy, to the gardener a seri es of excellent forms the political events which shaped the fo r use either in the rock garden or as .culture of each period, to the arts in ground cover plants; the genus Va'JI/,­ general and to pai nting, archi tecture cou.vel'ia, although A meri can, is less and the tea ce remony in particular." well known here. This is as it should be from one point The reason for the problem li es in of approach, certainly from the ap­ the fact that epim ecliums, particularly proach indicated in the title, for here grown as garden plants, seem to be in ­ we are not concerned with the tech- correctly named and much in need of 11ique of garden making but rather clarification. "To understand the gar­ with the concej)tions that materialized den plants and to correct their nomen­ -in garden making. It is not, therefore, clature it was necessary fi rst to consider a book that one might take in hand them in relation to wild species. This should one attempt the difficult task of involved a critical study of the litera­ constructi ng a Japanese garden from a ture a nd herbariu111 material and of book. It is a book, however, that one many li ving plants. This revision of should study well before he attempted the whole group is the res ul t." so preposterous a task \iVh il e this is essentiall y a taxono­ The reviewer is in no position to mi sts's book, it is easily within the un­ pass upon the accuracy of her re­ de rstandin g of the amateur gardener ' searches nor the wisdom of her reports. who must welcome all such contribu­ Having once seen these gardens for tions to knowledge. The care with himself, he finds in this book a vivid which each has been pursued to its recollection of the scene, a return of co rrect determination should be a mat­ the thoughts that seemed important to ter of rejoicing and the uncovering of him then as a garden designer of an­ new species fo r future cultivation, a other technique who hoped to under­ matter of delight. stand the essence of the new technique. Now as then, there is nothing for him Sp'ring Flora of Misso'Wri. Julian A. in some of the things that afe held Steyermark The Missouri Botanical precious but that is a lack of his own Garden and Field M useum of Chi­ without doubt. There are also for him, cago, 1940. 582 pages, illustrated, things which are precious that are ' not h ere touched upon. That is irrelevant. In the preface the author plainly To any gardener who is willing to read states, "This book is inten ded for use with more than the physical eye, there of everyone interested in plants, par­ will come from these pages more than ticularly the beginner. Its purpose is the author has set down, whi ch is what to acquaint the people of Missouri and all good books should give. surrounding states with the native fl owers, which are in bloo m on or be­ Epi112edi'U71'/, aond Val1couve7'ia (Berben'­ fore June 1. " In this the author has da.cea,e) , a M onogmph. Vv'illiam succeeded admirably. Thomas Stearn, F.L.S. The keys whi ch are co nstructed with Extracted from The Li nnean So­ thi s in mind are relatively simple and ciety's J ournal- Botany. vol. I: the descriptive paragraphs are informa­ (No, 340), 28 Nov. 1938. London, tive but relati vely brief. No synonymy England. is given so that persons having used other fl oras in the past may arrive at The genus E pi7'1leditt11'! has provided unfamiliar names. The illustrations are 240 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 numerous and for the most part clear persons of our group who care for enough in spite of their great reduction. books and for the lore of the plant It should be of great use to local gar­ world which is the object of their affec­ den clubs and others who take an in­ tion, this manuscript brought to paper terest in such matters as well as for the in 1552 by two citizens of our own con­ more serious students. For tbe scien­ tinent, Mexicans, setting forth their tific worker who is concerned with the own knowledge of their own flora, local flora, it should be invaluable. which has passed through so many hands perhaps, and only now reaches a The Badia111ls Manuscript (Codex public as a book, must have a singular Barberini, Latin 241), Vatican Li­ appeal. brary. An Aztec Herbal of 1552. One wonders what small work of our Introduction, Translation and An­ own time will meet so perfect a resur­ notations by Emily \ iV alcott E111mart. rection four hundred years hence? The Johns Hopkins Press, Balti­ more, 1940. 341 pages, facsimile Recent Discoveries in Plant Science as reproduction in color, $7.50. a.7L Amateur Sees Them. W. E. Bott, Lakewood, Ohio. 23 pages. $.25. This is a beautiful book. It is more than that-it is a book within a book. Some experiences in the culture of Between pages 85 and 202 are the plants in gravel and in the inducing of facsimile color reproductions of the mutations by the use of colchicine are original work, which was written "at related in a rambling, conversational the request of Don Francisco de Men­ style, plentifully interspersed with doza and was intended as a gift to "His philosophical discussions of sundry Holy Caesarian Catholic Royal Maj­ matters. \iVhi le a few minor errors of esty" Charles V. fact may be noted, most of the state­ In the pages that lead up to the re­ ments are based on recent experimental production Dr. Emmart gives The De­ work. The author will not be guilty of scription of the Manuscript, The His­ raising false hopes in the minds of his torical Background of the Manuscript, readers, si nce the outcome of his own Illustrations and Symbols, Mythology experiments did not develop any ex­ and Medicine, Modes of Treatment cessive enthusiasms. The presentation Materia Medica, Aztec Herb Gardens: of this type of information to practical each chapter fortified with endless ref­ plant growers is truly a difficult task erences and cross references. and one at which both journalist and In the pages that follow the plates scientist may fail. The measure of suc­ are given the transcription of the man­ cess attained by this book will depend uscript and translation of each, together upon the background of the individual with Dr. Emmart's Comments and reader, but probably a more thorough Notes. and detailed treatment of fewer sub­ Throughout the years of preparation jects would have been preferable. Dr. Emmart's prodigious labors have V. S. been aided by distinguished scholars and specialists, and encouraged by the Shn(.bs in the Garden and Thei?- Leg­ interest and means of both institutions ends. Vernon Quinn. The Frederick and private individuals to whom we A. Stokes Company, New York, owe our gratitude as well. 1940. 308 pages, decorated. $2.50. This reviewer is in no position to In this book, more or less like her judge or to offer judgments. For the former books, Mrs. Q uinn turns her Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL MAGAZINE 241 attention to our shrubs. They stand in resented than in any other state, except alphabetical array, azalea, barberry, possibly T exas. boxwood, burningbush on to winter­ It is remarkable that no comprehen­ berry and include both native shrubs sive account of this most interesting and introduced. When legend and hi s­ fl ora has been published hitherto. Un­ tory falter, horticulture is allowed a less one has access to a large herbarium paragraph or two. It is a pleasant and a botanical library, it is extremely bo ok and beautifully made. difficult to identify Arizona plants with any degree of certainty. It is hoped Th e Home Baal? of Trees and Slu'ubs. that the publication here described will make the task easier. J. J. Levison. Simon and Shuster, Keys to the families, the general of 'N ew York, 1940. 424 pages, illus­ each fam ily, and the species of each trated. genus are provided. The effort has been made to co nstruct these kevs so that Mr. Levison comes to his writing they can be used by persons whose with a background of forestry and ap­ technical knowledge of the plants is not parently with a lively and personal in­ extensive. Brief descriptions of the terest in the problems of the amateur families and genera are given. Under and the small home owner. The di s­ each species there are stated the geo­ cussions and the general plan of the graphical and altitudinal range within book follow the usual, more or less in­ the state, the habitat, and the time of evitable patterns. The examples, and fl owering. The general geographical illustrations of examples, seem in ex­ distribution is also given. cellent taste. If one is to offer any For plants of economic importance, obj ections it would be that, although notes are provided on the forage, tim­ the book is addressed presumably to ber, soi l-binding, and ornamental value, those with insuffici ent means to employ and the medici nal or poiso nous prop­ all possible professional advice, the erties. Special attention is given to illustrations usually show work that is utilization by the Indians of the state, well outside the means of such an aver­ as food, medicine, etc. age reader. Introductory chapters deal with the hi story of botanical exploration in A ri­ Flowering Plants and Ferns of A1'i­ zona, the geographical relati onships of zona. By T. H. Kearney, R. H. Pee­ the flora, and the types of vegetation, bles, and Collaborators. the last contributed by Dr. Forrest Shreve of the Carnegie Institution of Few states have a richer and more Washington. diversified fl ora than Arizona. Some Besides the authors whose names 3,000 species of fl owering plants and appear on the title page, 22 of the lead­ ferns are know n to grow there without ing botanists of the country have con­ cultivation, including nearly 150 species tributed treatments of the families and that are not kn own to occur outside the genera in which they speciali ze. It is state. Of Cactaceae, alone, there are recogni zed that these contributions add 77 species, this family being- better rep- greatly to the authori tv of the work. The Gardener's Pocketbook

1iI1 ~w1'l1.bea. cape1'1sis Th~£1'1b . [See page Others say not. This writer found a 243] specimen in the N ational Park in the Drakensberg M ountains, in an open, Cape Wurmbea "Swartkoppie" "K af­ sunny valley below the beautiful range fertj ie" called the Mont-aux-Sources. A s the It is one of the cruelties of botanical fl ower was not analyzed at the time, it science that poor mi serable plants may perhaps have been the closely re­ should be weighted with hideous lated TlT! uJ'mbea Kmussi. It had a de· names. In an earlier number of thi s cided fragrance. magazine, the charm of botani cal names The common names of TIT! u1'1ll bea is extolled. In return, a few horrors capensis in the Cape P rovince are given may be suggested, such as Schizost'yl1:S above, the meani ng as guessed by the cocci'l1ea., with its horti cul tural vari ety. writer, who is not a n Afrikaans scholar, Mrs. H egarty fo r the lovely Kaffir being " Black T op" and " Little Kaffir." Lilies ; Za.h~zia.1'/,s l?31a. villosa., whi ch It is a very C0 111m on spring fl ower in des ignates an attractive garden fl ower, the southwest di stricts of the Cape and that exhales much fragrance in the ai r was well known by E uropean horticul­ at night; and here, TlT! 1I 1'1'17bea ! How turists over one hundred years ago. could any plant excite interest with such a name? It is qui te a ni ce li ttle There are seven spec ies in all, found plant, too, wi th star-like. bl acki sh. in Afri ca and A ustralia. Two only are chocolate-marked fl owers in a small native to South Africa, W . ca pe'17 sis spike with nice leaves. Vlf e cheri sh our Thunb. and W. J(1'a ll ssi B aker. The Spiml1 th es cenz~ta , L adi es' Tresses. first has quite a wide range, from N a­ even if it is a very li ttle plant. This tal through the coastal di stricts, and unfortunate is of the same type, small has been reported in other parts of the but rather pretty. country. TIT! . Kraussi is found only in The plant grows from a tunicated the eastern regions. There is some au­ corm and there a re only three-rarely thority fo r feeling that the genus may four- leaves. These are long, lancf­ be 111 0notypic. shaped, claspi ng the fl ower stalk 3-9 \ iV urmbea is one of the earliest South in ches long. The fl owers are set closely A frican fl owers to have been collected along the stalk, formi ng a spike, the and was described by Thunberg in whole 3-9 in ches high. The fl owers a r ~ 1781. It appears early in the Botani­ attractive in shape, tubular or cam­ cal Magazine ( t. 694, vol. 19) under panulate below, with six w iel elv spread­ the name M ela. l1thiw n spica ta., the Star­ ing pointed starry segments. The color fl owered Melanthium. In thi s, the is either pale with a purpli sh-blac': statement is made that it was fOU1ld margin or enti rely purpli sh-black. with "on the hills." two well-dell ned black glands on tl l'~ It would be hardy with us ol1ly ill upper surface of the segments. The warmer regions. It requires the culti­ stamens are inse rted at the base of th ~ vati on of ix ias, sunlight, light, well­ segments and the anthers are briah t b drained soil and a drying after bloom­ yell ow and prominent. There is some ing. to duplicate the long, dry SUl111l1er difference of opinion as to fraoTance. of its native land. Andrews, in the Marloth in " The Flora of So u~h A f­ " Botani sts R epository" (1802) says rica" says that there is fragrance. that it fl ourishes in sandy peat earth [242] Oct. , 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 243

Sarah V. C 001'l1bs [See page 242 ] f, 1'1Il'lIIbea rajl(,lIsis 244 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 and fl owers in Mayor June (Eng­ which bears a 2-celled pouch. The 2-5 land). He says that the bulb has a stamens are unequal, longer than the singular appendage at the base " like petals, with versatile and deeply cleft the pat of a mole." Noone else, so far anthers. The style is alm ost straight. as I have been able to discover, has There is a 2-celled ovary with 2 ovules mentioned this peculiarity. but there is only one seed. Its ugly name was given in honor of The plant is a shrub 2-3 feet high, F. van Wurmb, a Dutch merchant at with grayish-brown smooth branches. Batavia, who supported the study of It grows in dry places on high, rocky Natural History. He should have pro­ hillsides, very much the sort of place tested. Poor little Wurmbea, innocent where our bayberry and sweet-fern victim! grow. Though entirely different in SARAH V. COOMBS the appearance of the flowers, there is Sca1'sdale, N. Y. something about brunias which re­ minds one of those other plants. Prob­ B'runia nodifiom Linn. rSee page 245 ] . ably it is only the suggestion given by Stompie. the hillsides with thei r strong winds which toughen the fib re of these plants Though the Brunias do not belong to of barren soil. These wi nds must tem­ the Ericaceae or Heaths but to the per the dryness, since the sea is not Bruniaceae, they have something of the far away. The bruni as are much more quali ty of those flowers. They are stri king in appearance than our bay­ plants of a country which lacks all-the­ berries. year moisture and they have adapted Though Bnl11 ia nodifiom (knot­ themselves, as the heaths do to their flowered) is not a plant in general cul­ surroundings. Their leaves are small tivation, it was known in English and needle-like, with a hard tip. In greenhouses in the 19th century. N ich­ Bnmia nodq'fiom, they are minute, olson in the Illustrated Dictionary of crowded and closely pressed against Gardening (1884-5) calls it "an ele­ the stem. gant 1 i tt 1 e greenhouse f'vergreen The Bruniaceae includes about a Heath-like Shrub." "It requires," he dozen genera, mostly South African says, "a compost of peat and sand, with but extending to Australi a. The fami ly a little leaf soi l added, firm potti ng and is placed near the Saxifragaceae. good drainage. Cuttings of young T he plants of Brlf.nia nodifiora have shoots root freely in sand, under a a decorative quality with their heads of hand li ght, in summer. " It was prob­ white fl owers in thick clusters and this ably one of the plants which was quality finds recognition in the use of brought from the Cape of Good H ope the flowers for house and church deco­ in the early 19th Century when, be­ ration, the creamy-whi te clusters with cause the greenhouse conditions of that the prominent stamens having a definite period suited them well, hundreds of charm. The flower-heads are about beautiful and rare South African the size of a cherry, with many of fl owers flourished. these heads clustered at the tops of the branches. E"ica propendens A ndr. [See page The calyx of Bn£l1ia nodifiom ad­ 245] heres to the ovary, the 5 lobes free and produced beyond it. There are 5 petals, The Pink Drooping-Bell Heath long and spreading, with a long claw, As the years go by, we are inclined Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZIl E 245

SO Il.tl1 A frica ll Rail,

tu Lh ink lhat all our new in ve nti ons are E ricas just do not like too much heat. unifo rmly desirable. V.,1e do not always This picture shows one of this de­ stop to consider the fac t that we may, li ghtful group, E1-ica propendens, the with the new time- or labor-saver, be P ink Drooping-BeIl H eath. Its rosy sacrificing some pleasant old er ways. fl owers on their long stalks are charm­ F oods cooked by gas or electricity have ing. The fl owers resemble our own not qui te the taste of those cooked by huckleberry bl ossoms but are larger coal an d surely, the old wood stoves and far more striking in appearance. produced subtleties of fl avor unknown Anyone who wo uld like to see what to their anthraci te, electric or gaseous heaths can be should seek the nearest successors. botanical library and ask for the old So the modern greenhouse, with volumes of "Coloured E ngravings of great heat and abundant water, raises H eaths" or "The H eathery" by H . C. wonderful orchids and rare tropi cal A ndrews, in which dozens of these plants but when it took the place of the fl owers are shown in color. old kiln-heated house with less heat T he pink drooping-beIl heath is a and not such good arrangements fo r delicate little shrub, 1-2 feet high. It is watering, hundreds of lovely plants somewhat local in habitat and found in took thei r leave and abandoned thei r the Caledon District of the Cape Prov­ places to the more exotic creatu res. ince in South Africa but it was much Among these departing ones was, un­ cultivated in E ngland one hundred or fortunately, the greater part of the more years ago. The deep rose or pink, South Afri can fl owers, which fl our­ be II-shaped fl owers have a minute red ished abundantly in the glass-houses of calyx. T he coroIIa has a downy cov­ the firs t half of the 19th century but ering of soft whitish hairs. The flow­ are now among the rarer fl owers. Look ers are terminal, solitary, in pairs or at Curtis' Botanical Magazin e, Lod­ threes. There are fo ur leaves in a di ges' Botanical Cabinet and other whorl, the leaves short and downy. The early books and see what beauti es have branches are spreading. left us perhaps forever and yo u wi II see T hi s heath rarely matures seed in what I mean and lament their passing. cultivation but is easily propagated by O ur hope fo r these plants now is most­ cuttings. The "Revue Horticole" says ly in sun roo ms, "cool" greenhouses. these should be set in pots fiII ed with cold pits and heated frames. Sun, fres h sandy soil and placed in winter in a air and a cool temperature wiII brino' cool green house. b many of them back to rejoice us as An article in "The Garden" ( 1892) they rejoiced Our fo rbears . . says that the plants require a liberal Among the plan ts which were cul ti­ amount of water when growing, there­ vated abundantly in the old days were fo re drainage must be good. The soil the heaths, in wonderful number. There fo r ericas shoul d co nsist of good fi brous are several hundred of them in South peat chopped up wi th a spade; the Africa and many of them came to E I1 O' ­ coarseness must be regulated by the land. T he E nglish gardeners we~e size of the pots used. If smaIl pots are proud of their heaths and when these used, the soil should be chopped fin er fl owers began to go from the too warm but sifted peat should never be used greenhouses, .bewailed their departure. for heaths after they have roots. Firm often scolding the younger gardeners potting is absolu tely necessary. After with bi tter contempt fo r somethil1 O' blooming, the plants shoul d have a " ju­ whi ch was probably not their faul ; dicious pruning" and a second One Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 247

SO llth A il'icon Railwo3'S & HOI'bollrs [See page 248] A nemone cape11sis 248 THE NATIO TAL HORTICULTURAL ::l'lAGAZINE Oct., 1940 later. They need much air amI in a The plant grows from a deep, stout greenhouse should never stand on a r ootstock, which produces one or more bench heated from below. Too much shoots each year. In " A Book of cold is better than too much heat. Wa­ South African Flowers" by Barclay­ tering should be done thoroughly but Bolus-Steer, it is said to be a perennial carefully to a void mildew. The plants evergreen and low growing but with a should be set out of doo rs as early in root which goes deep below the ground spring as possible. Over and over again, so that it survives better than manv one comes on the same cul tural direc­ fl owers the rather frequent veld fires. tions for heaths: peat, careful water­ The leaves have a thick cuticle over ing, much fresh air and sharp pruning. their surface which helps them to resist This plant received a First Class the drying effect of the wind. These Certificate from the Royal Horticul ­ lea ves are handsome, often measuring tural Society in 1901. 6-9 inches across, the petioles soft SARAH V. COOMBS and hairy. "A few inches below the Scarsdale, N. Y . fl ower there is usuall y a sheathing leaf of which the green portion is much re­ .t-i11e11l0ne capel/sis Lam. [See page duced. In the sheath the tender flower­ 247] bud was protected and fr0111 its axil an­ Anel1l 00n. other peduncle may branch, also bear­ This fl ower is one of South Africa's ing a soli tary flower." T he fl ower stalk protected treasures, so rare, alas! and is 2 feet hi gh. The flo\\'er has a ten­ so resistant to culti vation that it is not dency to double. T he leaf stem is short. likely to be fo und except in its own 6-8 inches. and densely leafy, the leaflet haunts. However, it has been cul ti­ are wedge-shaped, thrice-cut, the mid­ vated in E ngland in the past and might dle one elongated, the segments gen­ be grown here if-and it is a large if-­ erally 3-toothecL Fruits are a bunch of one could get seeds. dry tailed achenes. } It is a fl ower of great beauty, the Al/e1l1OJ1e cape l/s is belongs to the oft delicate pale pink silkiness of its buttercup fami ly, Ranuncuhceae. It recurving petal-like sepals deepenino' was first placed in the Genus Atragene on the back to crim son. in c~ n trast with by Linnaeus but transferred later to its !J-right gold en anthers. as well as its at­ present place. The flower is suggestive tractive leaves. maki ng it one of the of the Pasque-flower. _-i. l/ !' lI lOne tJ/~.lsa­ best-beloved fl owers of its native land. tiila, and has been called Pulsatilla In rainy weather and at night, the fl ow­ af1'ica11.a as well as Atrage'l'le capensis ers close and droop but in sunshin e and Cl e'i'J'l.Gtis capens-is . they open wide and stand upri ght. Thev Those people lucky enough to have are fo und, Marloth says. 011 the soutl;­ been able to raise it in England after west mountains of the Cape Province, its introduction in 1795 say that " it re­ where the southern winds brino' suffi- quires a dry stove to preserve it, suffer­ ' . b Clent mOIsture even i 11 sU l1lm er. Thev ing much from damps" (Bot. Rep. are not found on the plains and do n~t 191 6 as Atragene). Propagation ap­ fl ourish even in the gardens of the pears to be possible 011 1y by seeds. "The Cape. In "Plants and Their Ways in soil it prefers is a mixture of peat and South Africa" (Stoneman, 1906), the loam; fl owers about March or Apri l" Cape Anemone is said to be abundant (England ) . on shady, grass - covered mountain Mrs. Loudon in "The Ladies' F low­ slopes ( in the Cape Province). er- Garden of O rnamental Greenhouse Oct., 1940 T H E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 249 II

Plants" ( 1848) says that " it requires Gard~\1, vol. 3, 1853. He says : " It has to be kept in a warm, dry situation, a fine ash-like habit, producing great without water during its season of re­ opposite pinnate leaves, with broad pose, and to have abundance of water leafl ets, from amoug which come the while it is in a growing state." She glorious racemes of Tulip-like tough speaks of the v~ ri a bilit y of its fl owers, leathery fiery-orange fl owers, six or which are so metimes very double and seven together. "The sub-ti tle of hi s de­ sometinles ?c

Michael COl/Ton [See page 250] Ficus RoxbllTgh-ii 252 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 beautiful coloring. There is a plethora 1928, which institution had them from of those species with dark green leath­ Africa. A fine color plate of this spe­ ery leaves like our northern home­ cies was shown in Curtis Botanical grown F. ela.stica and of those sorts lVIagaz ine. with rough figlike leaves, and it may be Before that the original reference that there are others that would rival in A. Peter's " \Vasserpflanzen unci this. Sumpfgewachse in Deutsch-6stafrika" Although King says the leayes at ( 1928) was the chief source of infor­ most are only 12 by 15 in ches. these mation. This paper, which deals with seem much larger in memory. The many genera, has 25 pages (55-79) de­ veins are deeply sunk and make a leaf voted to nymphaeas. To anyone who surface that catches the play of light is interested in tropical nymphaeas, the and shade. The young leaves are usu­ description of 10 new species, N')I111- all y tinted with tender pink and bronze pha eo. holoxalltha. C'itri ll(( (each yel- and are often si lky-hairy. whi ch also 10\'''- ), s phaera IItha . po lyclzroll/G, colo­ catches the light. As they mature. the rata, pllrpurascells, gralldijiora, lel/call­ color becomes plain green and the si lky tha, " ~Ipotricha and acutidell s (all in down di sappears, leaving a more or less the blue purple series). makes this pub­ harsh leaf, as one might expect. li cation a very exciti ng document. King giv es the native range as "outer \ \'hether or not all of these names sur­ ranges of the Himalayas. from the In­ viYe the attentions of the taxonomi sts dus to Bhotan (but rare il~ the western it is to be hoped that all these plants as Himalaya); Assam and Khasi H ills; well as plants of the other species na­ Chittagong and Burmese Hills at ele­ tive to East Africa and not now in cul­ vation from 1,000 to 5,000 feet." w'hich tivation, will reach our gardens. makes it not one of the most tropical For N. llO!oxal/tha the color descrip­ of fi gs. tion may be translated "all parts of the This monograph, which is ha rd fl ower are yell 0\\' . the inner petals enough reading at best, is enli ve ned by deeper than the outer petals. tending a complete seri es of li thographi c dra~\:­ more toward orange." For N . citrina ings-91 plates in the first part (folio the description is "Iemon yellow." size) and 138 in the second part. Some N. sphaeral/tha is merely "blue" of the plates are not signed ; most are (blau ); polychrollla li ght blue. li ght by Gopal Chandra Das (some plates lilac ; pllrpllrascel/s light blue. yellow­ Dass); M. Smith and Aghore Lal ish at base; gralldijiora lilac blue, leu­ Singh supply about the same number cal/tha milky white, the oute rmost more each and a few are by S . Abdool Mul­ or less washed and striped with pink­ lah. All intrigue one's interest in this ish lilac; h),potricha pale blue; aC ll ti­ amazing group of plants, some of which dens pale blue. lllLl st be excell ent and some rather in­ In Herr Peter's text N . colorata different as such plants go. stands next to N . Za,l/ziba,rel/sis and the illustration in 1\111'. Pring's article, par­ N ,)1111,phaca. colora-ta. A. Peter ticularly the arra ngement of the sta­ In the Missouri Botani cal Garden mens. suggests thi s relationship and his Bulletin (June, 1940, p. 114-115 ) M r. descriptive notes recall the plant fl ow­ G. H. Pring has an interesting note ered here last year as Francis Griffith. and an engaging picture of this little­ That variety was vivaparous, but noth­ known water-lily. The plants at the ing is said about this fo r the present Garden came from Kew in March. species. Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL ).f AGAZINE 253

PrllllMS gracilis [See page 254] Their rigid thorny habit makes them Each spring season all admirers of excellent plants to place along a prop­ blossoming trees look forward to the erty boundary line or for use as an in­ enchantingly lovely white fl owers that formal hedge or fe nce. For informal are displayed by our native plums. ornamental planting in front of tall Pru nus gmcilis has all the beauty and evergreens or among dwarf ones, it is attractiveness of its tribe and it is per­ outstanding. At Gladwyne it grows haps the best one to use in a rock gar­ among rocks with dwarf pines and den, as it is a very dwarf grower and prostrate junipe rs and they make a fair can be kept as a miniature tree. sight in spring. Mine remain small or It makes a wholly delightful picture I keep them so and never let them pass when in bloom and never seems to have two or three feet. No matter how they an "off season." In autumn the small are used, however, their interesting and red frui-ts generously produced are picturesque habit of growth, their li ght pretty to look at and they make a very and feathery blooms poised so airily on pleasing jell y. the dark branches make them the love­ Like most plums, it does have an in­ liest of small trees. vasive habit of growth, so that it shoul d MARY G. HENRY not be placed too close to precious or Gladw),lle. Pa. fragile plants. Eyery now and then it thrusts upward a small shoot which in Blood root. another season becomes a tiny tree. I think that we are fully as fond of \i\Then these become too large they a re our native bloodroot as of any of the pulled out. Treated thus there are al­ early spring flowers. A nd I have an ways a few blooming-sized little trees idea that to us, who can have no fl ow­ and a few young ones coming along. ers out-oi-doors during the winter, the Their growth is picturesque and in for­ first crocus gives much more of a thrill mal. than to those who live farther south. In their native home on the prairies The bloodroot, Sangui1wria cana­ they are able to recover quickly after densis, is two or three weeks later than the devastating effect of a Ii re and soon the crocus, May 1 this year, and since afterward this braye little tree is again it is coincident with Hepatica, Chiono­ adorning the "spot under the sun" to dO.Fa and Scilla sibirica, its whiteness \\'hich it is allotted. makes a delightful foil for thei r pre­ This li ttle rrulllts came to me from vailing blues. Oklahoma about twelve years ago and The fl ower bud appears, entirely it has made itself thoroughly at home fo lded around by a leaf, just these two on the outskirts of my rock garden. It stems from the bud in the rootstock. has been tried in other situations and The flower buds grow faster than the in every instance it has thrived. Its leaves, so that in a group, by the time abi lity to stand extreme drought and they are ready to open, there is noth­ arid conditions enables it to grow hap­ ing to mar the sheet of snowy, golden­ pily in the driest and poorest banks hearted whiteness. After the petals where few ornamental trees or shrubs fall. the leayes continue to grow, both could grow. In fact, it blooms most in height and breadth, hiding the seed­ freely under these condi tions. In rich pods, and making an attractive mass of so il or with moisture, it would of course foliage untilmidsu111mer, when they di e attain greater dimellsions and lose away. much of its grace and attractiveness. The bl oo droot belongs to the poppy 254 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

Crande Hope [See page 253]

Pr'WI/IIS grac£lis

family, and gets its name from the red­ cally all of the eastern part of this dish juice which oozes from any part country. of the plant when cut, especially the The fl ower stalks are six or eight rootstock, which is of about finger inches tall. There is a two-parted calvx thickness. It is said that the Indians which drops as the flowers open. The used the juice for warpaint, whence its petals are eight to twelve in number, name of Indian-paint. It is also calleel pointed, glistening white, opening flat red puccoon. It is native. to practi- in the day-time, but partly closing at Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 255

Walter B. Wilde'/' [See page 256] PrUI1U.s plf,11'I.ila ni ght. The whole starry fl ower is about The bloo droot's only drawback is its an inch and a half across. The leaves rather short season of bloom, lasting at reach a height of ten or twelve in ches, most two weeks, and more often only and a breadth of seven inches or more. ten days. Still , like many fl owers, the They are rounding, and cut in to about season may easil y be prolonged by seven rounded lobes. planting it in different si tuati ons. The 256 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

first planting here was on the north and thoroughly worthwhile fl ower for side of a wall, but some that jumped the spring garden. the wall and settled themselves cosily RACHAEL CAUGHEY at the bases of two or three of the neighbor's apple trees, and against the south side of the' wall, bloom several Pn(/,/us pumila [See page 255] days earlier. \"lith few exceptions, when ornamen­ Bloodroot likes a woodsy soil , and tal apples or cherries are grown, gar­ grows naturally in places that are open deners select Asiatic and not the native to the sun in the early spring, and par­ species . To be sure, the exotics have tially shaded by foliage of tf-ees or more conspicuous fl owers but some of shrubs later in the season. But it will the natives have a delicious perfume grow almost anywhere, and requires and quite a few pleasantly edible fruits. no care at all. It increases by root and A native plum delightful to grow be­ by seed, and may be divided or moved cause of its fragrance, of fruit and spice, at any time. its white flu ffy bloom and low stature, In the United States Dispensatory of is Prnnus pU1n1:ta, the sand cherry. 1847, it is stated that "Sanguinaria T he shrub is distributed from \"lestern canadensis is an acrid emeti c, with New York, westward to \"lisconsin and stimulant and narcotic powers." "Four Illinois and as would be expected is exceedingly hardy. persons lost their lives at Bellevue Hos­ pital, N. Y., in consequence of drinking In early May when the leaves are not largely of tincture of bloodroot, which fully out, the low spreading shrub has its branches crowded with white blos­ "~, tl]ey )nistook for ardent spirits. " But : ~ hildren have always delighted to pick soms, less than 0 " across. The it, and we have never heard of any­ branches are dark, plum-brown, with one's being ilajured by it in the least, so many lines on them. The foliage ex­ that it probably will not hurt anyone pa nds after the fl owers have faded and unless he follows the example of the is so attractive it makes the shrub or­ four at Bellevue! namental all summer. The leaves stand up almost perpendicul ar to the earth A powder from the root is still used and show their grey-green under-sur­ somewhat as a medicine for the blood faces. The upper surface is glossy and but as it is lastingly acrid and nau~ oli ve-green. The leaves are narrow, seating, perhaps most of us are as well widest at the center, pointed at either satisfied to have it in the limbo of for­ end, and faintly and crenately toothed. gotten things. The under surface is not hairy and the We hear sometimes of a double greyness is caused by a waxy, glau­ bloodroot. : The first one was found co us covering. The largest leaves mea­ some two hundred years ago, but it has sure 2" in length and 1:Y4" across. The been deveJ.oped until it is "so double stalk is y,( " long and on either side of it as to be almost globular." And does two slender stipules rise up straight. my memory deceive me, or have I read Two to three flowers start from the in some English garden book of a pink same point and grow along the whole one? length of the branches, fl owering on old But neither the double nor the prob­ woo el. The calyx has five rounded se­ lematical pink one could rob the ordi­ pal lobes and is tinted salm on on the nary bloodroot of its place as a lovely in side. The petals do not overlap or Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 257 touch .and ha \'e uneven margin s. They From the M idwest Horticultural So­ are wIdest at the tip and narrow to a ciety: tiny claw. N umerous stamens of un­ Kalopal'la.\; pictus [See page 259] even lengths, their white filaments tipped with round anthers like vellow ~n. the campus of the U ni ve rsity of dots, fill the heart of the blosson;s. Ilhno1s IS an ornamental tree of strik­ The fruit is small, purple-black. lus­ ing subtropical effect, ](alopa.JIa-1; p'ict'us, trous and scarcely edible, says Dr. whose CO \11m on name is castor aralia ac­ Rehder. 1·>[y shrubs have not fruited cording to Standardized P lant Names. :'\lthough. it reaches a height of 80 feet as yet. HELEN M. Fox 1111tS natl\'e home in J apan. it probably Peeksk,il! . N. r. wdl not exceed 25 feet in the Middle \ \' est. The castor aralia is a formidable Good Gardell Peollies fr01ll Seed tree with numerous stout spines along Eight years ago, ten seeds from each the trunk and branches. There would of ten types of Japanese peonies ob­ not b ~ much fun for the youngsters in tained from the Chugai N ursery, J a­ chmbl11g this tree. Its large leaves are pan, were planted in Central Vermont. pal mately lobed in contrast to the other Sixty-two germinated and came up the species of the genus wh ich are digitate. 1 hey are dark green above. li ght green second year. These plants were more vigorous than our usual peony seed­ beneath and usually slightly hai ry when young. borne on long petioles six to lings. eIghteen inches long. The leaves are The plants blossomed the seventh fi ve to seven-lobed and grow a foot or year. Thirty-one were true Japanese more. in diameter! The variety M a.vi- type. From the tall vigorous type with 71'I.owvcz.£i is li sted by some firms. It blossoms resembling "Toki o," to small diffe1's from the species in ha ving more plants with delicate ruffled fl owers all deeply cut lobes, oblong-Ianceolate in­ our usual types appeared, except (leep stead of triangular-ovate. The latter true reds. The five reds were rose red part of July white fl owers appear at or deep rose pink. They were beauti­ the end of the branches in a flat COI11- fully cupped and free fl owering. pound cluster and are followed by The.five whites were interesting and small black .fruits. attractIve. The foliage was modified No other tree that can be grown in " Isami Jishi" type, with stiffer stems. th1S a rea has quite the effect of the cas­ There were no two alike. Some had tor aralia. ~ 0 special soil require­ loose crepey petals; others were more ments are necessary, although it is said formal. to pref,er~ moist situation. The pinks ranged from coarse eio- ht- . 0 ll1ch flow ers 0 11 tall plants with coarse crinkled foliage to five-inch fl owers on N eviusia alaballlellsis plants with small dark green leathery A shrub bearing ornamental fl owers foliage. without petals is the unusual feature of N one of the fl owers feathered. N evilf sia alaballlellsis, commonly called From three dollars' worth of seed snow-wreath. I hardly expected this one obtained thirty-one good J apanese shrub to survive the winters here since peonies and added great zest to gar- it is a native of Alabama, but it came denino-.o l\I.1 ,l.ARYr E.. G . FREEBORN through last winter with no injury Proctor, Ver7110 nt whatever. although it \\'as 18 to 20 de- 258 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 grees below zero. The plant belongs ing studded along their sides by short to the Rosaceae, and is cl osely allied to projections, as well as here and there the genus Ke·r·ria , but differs in being by the interesting co nes. devoid of petals. The differences between P seudolal"ix The fl owers are white, about an inch and L an:,'!: are only technical in char­ in diameter, and are produced in clus­ acter. P seudolal"ix has pointed bud ters on short axillary growths, which scales and clustered male flowers; the are developed from the ripened wood cones are not so globular and the cone of the previous year's growth. The scales are shed when the cone is ripe. feature of the fl owers is the numerous Furthermore, the leaves are wider than long, white stamens, which impart to larches. A larch has blunt bud scales, the plant a pretty feathery effect. The the male flow ers are solitary, the cones leaves are loosely disposed along the are globular and their scales are per­ slender branches, and are from 1 to 3 sistent. The bark of golden larch is inches long, 0 to 10 inches broad, reddish brown and breaks into narrow ovate or elliptic ovate, doubly serrate. scales while the twigs are yellowish The snow-wreath is easily propa­ brown. gated by cuttings or di vision. A loose, The best situation for the tree would well drained soil , and a sheltered posi­ be in sandy, slightly acid soil, in a tion are probably the reasons why it sunny spot. It seems to be remarkably survived here. N eviu.sia is rarely free from fungus diseases and insect li sted in the nurse ry trade. pests.

Pse1fdol(];yix Kae1'/II.pferi X LOllicera Tellmal1J1ia ll a

Among the ornamental trees valuable One of the newest climbers to appear for handsome fea thery foliage is the in the trade is X Lonicera T ellman­ golden larch, Pseu.dolal'ix Kaempferi. nialW. It was raised at Budapest about It is a beautiful tree with its long, 1920, a hybrid between L. tragophylla spreading branches pendulous at the and L. se1'1lp el'virens. The vine is of ends, bearing light green fo liage, which vigorous growth, exceeding most of the turns to a clear yellow in autumn. F or other honeysuckles. its oval leaves be­ that matter any of the larches provide ing about 3 inches long, the upper pair an interesting contrast to the fo li age united into a collar clasping the stem. of our broad leaved trees. The fl owers appear in June and July The tree is a nati ve of eastern China, in terminal-stalked clusters of 8 to 12; another one of Robert Fortune's intro­ they are yellow, two inches long and ductions, and is the only species left of up to an inch wide across the lips. They a genus numerous in prehi storic ages. are tipped with red so that the plant is Under good conditions it will make a ve ry conspicuous in bloom. magnificent specim en 50 feet or more This outstanding climber fl ou ri shes in height, although it attains a much in full sun in a good loamy soil mod­ greater height in its native home. erately well drained, but is also tolerant Pseudola1"ix as well as L ari,'!: are de­ of half shade. Its fragrance is some­ ciduous conifers, dropping their needles what less than many of the wild honey­ during October. Even after the leaves suckles, but is quite noticeable in early ha ve fallen the tree has a characteristic morning. grace that renders it attractive through ROBERT VA N TRESS the winter, the drooping branches be- GaI'field PaI'k, Chicago, Ill. Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTGRAL MAGAZINE 259

ArJlold Arboretlllll Kalopmwx picttlS "Cas tOT Aralia." Oct., 1940 260 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL 'MAGAZINE l\,r{'viusia aiaballlcllsis A. Gray [ See "Plant Life in Alabama" by Charles page 261] Mohr are several bits that should be copied here. T hrotwh the courtesy of :Mrs. J. On page 17 - "The Hev. R. D. Norman b Henry, there is a fl ourishing N evius collected plants in 1853-54 in bush of this rare A merican native shrub the vicinity ot Tuscaloosa. He is the on oui' green hill which is certainly discoverer of the singular shrub N e­ many hundred mi les north ot its soli­ viusia, named in hi s honor by Gray, tarv home in A labama. So far no dam­ which is confined to a single locality on from cold has e\'er shown itself. aO"~b the banks of the A labama Riyer." On The soil is rich and moist enough in page 35, "It we regard these plants as sprin g but usuall y dries out more than slightly modified descendants of types well in l11id summer, but nothing seems be10ngi ng to an ancient fl ora, which to affect the freshness at its prettily have surviyed the changes that our serrate leaves. These, as has been globe has undergone and have found pointed out elsewhere, resemble those a refu ge in their present locali ties, the of Stephel'la1Idra, itself a not too com­ mystery of thei r strange isolation finds mon ori ental shrub. In ;.\,fay the whole a satisfactory solution. The confine­ hush is covered over with the appear­ ment to a single spot on the \ 1\1 arrior ance of white fluff fr0111 the blossoms of J\' (!v illsia (//aba.7llellsis , with its near­ with their conspicuous pompons of sta­ est relation in Japan, **** can be ac­ mens, the same sort of eff ect one gets counted for on the same ground." On in a good meadow-rue. page 9 1. " On the · cliffs of sandstone I t is a plant not often met with and which fo rm the eastern brink of the yet among A meri can plants it has a Black \ \Tarrior River, a short distance considerabl e li terary and botani cal hi s­ from the city of Tuscaloosa, a 111 0no­ tory. typical shrub, N (!v illsia alaba1l!e'lls-is, In that marvelloLls \\'ork, Curtis's finds its only home. The numerous Botanical }',iagazine, whi ch will foreyer slender, wancl-like stems bear abundant memori ali ze the British love of plants white apeta10us fl owers in the earliest and zeal for getting them home, there elay s of spring when the leaves begin is a plate at this species (t. 6806) with to appear. This unique shrub belongs the date 1885 and the note of J. D. to the Asiatic element of A labama's H (ooker ) " N eviusia fl owered at Kew fl ora, and is strictly confined to the in May 1883; the plant was nailed above locality. It was discovered by against a wall exposed to the East, and the Rev. R. A. Nevius and P rof. \ 1\1),­ j)resented a very beautiful appearance man in 1858. " r Note the di screpancies . with its snow-white feathery blossoms. E el . I Consid ering the cl imate and position ot One wonders if the ever active gar­ its nati ve country, I should doubt its den clubs wi ll take it under their wing heing hardy. It has been received at and make a mass planting that woulcl Kew from several contributors, notably be much more suitable to A labama than a 1i ving plant from Professor Sargent. the azaleas of the advertisements ! of Cambridge, U . S . r\. , in 187Q,and In the Gardener's Chronicle (Lon­ another tram F. M iles, E sq., in 1881. don, Ser . III, XXXV, 229 ( 1904) the fl owers of whi ch plant are here th ~ r e is a pleasant note and the advice figu red. *** **" "freely propagated by cuttings." Since The actual discovery at the plant it produces some suckers that are easily was accompli shed much earlier. In separated from the parent crown that Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 261

Claude Hope [See page 260] N eviu sia, alaba1'l'I el1sis 262 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 process is also available. In a later Its marvellous flowers like white issue of' the same magazine (Ser. III, fluffy ball s of fringe are entirely with­ XL, 40, 44 (1909) there is a note and out petals and are composed solely of plate to show how well the shrub grows a quantity of comparatively long sta­ and comes into flower in the "tem­ mens. They are produced lavishly to­ perate house." From the picture one ward the extremities of the branches, would guess that the leaves were creating a most unusual and delightful slower to develop under such treat­ effect. There is only one species of ment than normally. N eviusia and it is familiarly known as Doubtless like many another good "snow wreath," a name which seems shrub, this will always be a secondary appropriate, as the blossoms are as matter but for the place large enough light and fragile as snowflakes. to admit of such plants or for the gar­ The demands that N evi~tsia makes dener who cares for diversity of inter­ for its well-being are few, but there are est rather than mere display, this is a certain requirements that are necessary nice shrub. B.oY. M. in order to maintain it in a thriving condition. It seems to crave warmth Nevi~tsia alabam ensis [See page 261] and in order to bloom freely it must In beauty, rarity and interest N e­ have a poor soil that is well-drained in viusia alabamensis stands high among all seasons. It should be kept dry in American shrubs. In fact, to my mind, summer and never watered. In rich it can "hold its own" among the fill­ soils or in ground that is tenacious of est shrubs from all over the world. moisture, N evi~lsia loses so much of its Owing to its great scarcity in its beauty and grace that it is just one native home, it remained unseen for more shrub. many years. About the middle of the As its home is in a limestone section last century it was found by Rev. R. D. of the countIs, a calcareous soil seems Nevius on sandstone cliffs near Tusca­ indicated for its best well-being. A loosa, Alabama. It is indeed so very fair measure of success, however, may restricted in its range that it is un­ be obtained in this latitude by growing doubtedly one of the rare plants of the in a well-drained soil that is neutral in world, and surely when it is well reaction. grown, it is one of the Illost daintily Let all who desire to grow beautiful beautiful. shrubs that are not C01111110n try this It has been thriving at Gladwyne for one. The fact that it is one of our 12 years and without special attention rare and precious natives should make care or protection of any kind, it has an excellent reason to want to have it withstood the vicissitudes of our most for its interest alone. even if it were rigorous winters. It bloomed this not half so attractive. The added facts spring as freely as ever after record­ that it is easy to grow and a very, very breaking cold weather. charming subject should encourage This exquisite shrub is related to the IllOSt garden-minded people to try it. Spiraea Tribe and resembles some of MARY G. HENRY. the smaller sized types of this family GladwYlle, Po. in foliage and growth. In Dr. Rehder's big "Manual" its height is given as one­ Habranthus rob'Mstus Herbert. rSee two meters, but with me, in several page 263] situations, it has not exceeded one Until recently most of us would have meter. called this plant a zephyranthes; per- Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 263

Clallde Hope [See page 262]

H a.branthus 1' obust~£s 264 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

haps few of us are fam iliar with the ly up to fo ur flowered. Bracts genus Habrallthlls Herbert. Certainly sometimes absent. . between Dean Herbert and Dr. J. G. H a.branthus Baker, the genus had been pretty well B. Spathe of two equal and oppo­ obscured. Recently, however, in the site valves which are simple J oumal of the Royal Horticultural So­ and quite free from one another ciety (v. 62, p. 195). Sealy re-examined to the base. Peduncle two to the entire group of plants of the Ama­ several flowered, rarely one ryllidaceae included by Baker in the flowered by reduction. Bracts genera HippeastrwlI'L and Zeplv)l1'Q ·nthes, always present. Perianth tube and came to the conclusion that the of various lengths. genera Pyrolirion and Habra'l'Ithus de­ H ippeastru 111 ser ved recognition. As the groups ap­ pear to be distinct enough, and the dif­ Hab1'allthMs robustlls was first de­ fe rences of sufficient magnitude, there scribed by Herbert in Sweet's Hortus seems to be an ;\dvantage in accepting Brittanicus ed. II, p. 506 (1830) from his views. plants imported by J. B. Mackay from Perhaps a resume of the distinctions Buenos A ires in 1827. The evidence, Sealy made between the four genera however, indicates that the plant came wi ll not be amiss. from Uruguay. To this day its native I. Stamens erect, regularly arranged. home is not known beyond doubt. Peduncle always one flowered; Later, in 1892, the Royal Botanic Gar­ flowers erect; peri anth segments dens at Kew received a package of sub-equal. seeds labeled Hippeastrum bmchyal1- A. Stamens ill two sets of three dr lllll from a Mr. Bartholomew, who each, the three longer alternat­ received the parent stock from a friend ing with the three shorter. in B uenos Aires. This lot of seeds Bracts usually none. Perianth produced plants which Doctor Stapf tube short, broad. Spathe tu­ was able to identify as Herbert's H a­ bular below; free above, usu­ bra'nthus robustlls. A beautiful color all y unilateral and bifid but plate of this plant was published as t. sometimes only partially split 9 126 in Curtis's Botanical Magazine along back. a nd occasionally (Vol. 152, 1926; issued 1927). entire. Like so many of its group, our plant Zeph'jJra11thes has been shunted about among the B. Stamens subequal. Bracts none. genera Hip peastru1'l1.) H abranth MS and Perianth tube long, narrow. Zephym1'lthes. Baker apparently could Spathe tubular and sheathing not decide which genus he preferred, below; with two free opposite for at one time he call ed it H ippeas tr1l71l segmen ts above. tnbispath1f1'i'L (Jouma l of Botany 16, p. P'!rolirion 82, 1878) and at another time Zephyr­ II. Stamens declinate, fasciculate, un­ anthes robl/,sta (Herbert) Baker in tile equal, of four lengths. Flowers Handbook of the A maryllideae p. 35. declinate; perianth segments un­ 1888. In the dicussion accompanying equal, of four sizes, sometimes sub­ t. 9 126 ( 1.c.) Stapf concluded that equal in H ab1'Qn.thus. H abranthus deserved to be restored. In A. Spathe as in ZephY1'anthcs. this connection, it is interesting to note Peduncle usually one fl owered. that Van Tubergen, Ltd., whence 'O ur sometimes two flowered. rare- present plant came. li st the bulbs under Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 265 both names, H . robu.stus and Zephy-r­ about a month to mature. If it is de­ a, nthes robu.s ta , without indicating their si red to grow them from seed, it is i den ti ty. necessary to make the sowings within The showy fl owers rely.ind one some­ a few weeks after maturity. The seeds what of Zephyranthes grandifiora Lind. germinate promptly and the seedlings (Z. car-inata H erb.), but the color, soft grow off vigorously. lilac pink, has more blue in it, and the flowers are declined rather than erect. Cyrilla 1-acelllijlora L. [See page 267] They measure about three inches across, and the segments are about A mong the many native shrubs of three inches long. The three outer the Southeastern States that move in segments are a Ii ttle broader than the and out of horticultural li terature much inner ones, and all are acute. The more than they appear to do in and out fl owers are always solitary on pedun­ of gardens is the subj ect of this note. cles about 10 to 12 inches tall. The which has been mentioned before this pedicel is about 2Y; to 3 inches long, in this magazi ne. There are two speci­ and is enclosed in the lower half by the mens in the writer's gardens, each from tubular spathe. F lowers are produced ;.J orth Carolina but not from the wild. repeatedly by the same bulb for a con­ The one plant fl ourishes on the back of siderable period in midsummer. Bulbs a rhododendron bed in company with that have been permitted to form various fothergillas and other southeast­ clumps from offsets which are formed ern shrubs; the other. which started off very readily produce very impressive well, now looks less likely, possibly for masses of fl owers. The individual lack of soil moisture, possibly for lack flower lasts only two days, or at best of sunlight. three days, but the succession of flow­ Each July one notices the fl owering ers makes the clumps very presentable. which shows clearly enough in the illus­ The li near. rich green leaves usually tration and then thinks no more of the number 3 to 5. They are characteris­ shrub until frost, when its leaves take tically arched over in the upper half. their familiar place in the colored The long-necked bulbs are somewhat foliage. elongate-globose, about 1 Y; to 2 inches It is said that farther south in its in diameter, and are covered with nut­ native haunts it makes a small tree of brown papery coats. fair proporti ons with particularly hand­ The plants may be grown quite satis­ some trunk. fac torily in northern gardens by storing Here, so far, it is a shrub of second· in sand over winter. For those who ary importance, in spite of its long hor· are willing to attend to this matter, ticultural history. there will be a splendid show of fl owers In the Gardener's Chronicle (Ser. throughout July and August. If the III, 199 (1901) Sept. 14, 1901) , writ­ bed contains many bulbs, there will be ing under initials M. T. M., is a longi sh scarcely a day without several flow ers. piece with a highly formali zed woodcut Those who live in the lower South will of the flow ering .. "***** It can hardly have no trouble in supplying its needs. be considered a novelty, seeing that it They will tolerate some frost in Eng­ was introduced from the Southern land. United States as long ago as 1765, ac­ Their propagati on is very simple. cording to N icholson. That may be so, Offsets are produced abundantly, and but few have seen it outside of botanic seed is produced freely. requiring only gardens. It \\'as figured in the ROI . 266 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

Mag. t. 2456, and in Loudon's A1'bo-re­ inserted in a preparatory frame with tU.1'/'L IV. 2577. It has many claims on slight bottom heat." our notice. It is an elegant greenhouse The text accompanying the plate in shrub, which possibly might prove Curtis's Botanical Magazine (t. 2456) hardy in our southern counties*';'***." adds little to the general knowledge of This doubt about hardiness seems gardeners and only points out the dif­ curious to us, unless we recall that the ferences of opinion of taxonomists of summer sun does not always ripen the old who changed things about then wood there. even as now. The author then quotes Sargent's [Our magazine would particularly Silva at great length - "it is found like to hear from readers who have from the coast region of North Caro­ grown this shrub, whether inland or lina inland to about latitude 30° in farther north.] Florida, growing inland in South Caro­ lina and Georgia, at least as far as the Liv'ing St011eS neighborhood of Augusta. It reappears Probably like other gardeners, I in the Keys of southern Florida, ex­ had looked many times at pictures of tends westward along the Gulf Coast various species of Lithops and mar­ to the valley of the Neches River in velled at their strange appearance and Texas and has been found in Cuba, J a­ the beauty of their flowers, but never m a i c a, Dominica, Demarara, and made any move to do anything about Brazil. seeing them in my own hands. Now " Cyrilla mcell",£jlora inhabits rich, shady, river bottom lands, the borders on the window shelf there is a round of sandy swamps, the shallow ponds of pot filled with a soil mixture, as di­ the coast Pine belt, and high sandy ex­ rected, of half sand and half potting posed ridges rising above streams near soil and mulched with small quartzy the Gulf Coast. In such situations as gravel in which sit single plants of L. the last it attains a real arborescent Fulleri, L esle-i, MWJ1.dtii, olivacea, pseu­ hahit, and its largest size, usually grow­ dotnlncatella, turbinifo-rlllis, all of them ing with Cliftonia and Yaupon. with I hope, the easiest ones for a beginn_er. water oaks and gum trees. N one is in flower but there is a bud "C')lrilla mce1nijlom was first noticed coming on turbil'1ifor111is. Even if none by Dr. Alexander Garden, a resident should ever bloom, even if they should of Charleston, who, in 1765, sent it to all decide that they do not care to live Linnaeus. Two years later it was, ac­ and grow on permanently, they are so cording to Aiton, introduced into Eng­ beautiful I repent my former sloth. land by a Mr. John Cree; it flowered As is true of so many succulent near Paris, in the garden of J. M. Cils, plants, their beauty is greatly enhanced in 1786.*****" if there is nothing to mar the perfection "Cyrillo was a Professor of Botany of their bodies. These are curious, al­ in Naples in the middle of the Eight­ most mushroom-like affairs pushing up eenth Century." from the earth and rocks with a cleft In a note in the Garden (LXVIII, structure of two thick, flat-topped 144, 1914), unsigned, with a poor illus­ leaves, between which rises the flow·er tration, there is a brief note from which and the new growths. These latter in the following might be taken. "***They time press the older leaves apart to are propagated by cuttings made of the form the new pair. semi-ripe shoots in late summer and L. F'I!dle1'i is a pale pinkish buff with Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 267

Lilian A. G111!1"IISI'.I' lSce page 265] Cyrilla rocC/l/ijfora 268 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

I:>aree n undertone. \"'hat there is of pat­ narrow silken petals and a central yel­ tern is of darker brow n spots some- low puff of stamens. White, yellow and what depressed and showing most to­ yellow fading to white seem to be the ward the margins. L eslei, one of the colors one should expect from this pot smaller ones is a deep olive-green color full. suffused with coppery red, with a pat­ If one may judge from notes and tern of deep rusty brown markings photographs in vari ous books and pa­ that almost cover the surface. IV! undtii pers, some of these species soon form is rather large, a pinkish buff with faint clumps crowding closely together and brownish yellow overtone and a pattern again, if one may believe in books, of brown like that of a moss agate. these may be expected to live, even in Olivacea is smaller than Lcslei, gray­ pots, if they are not watered often dur­ green with a few gray dots. Pseudo­ ing the winter ( non-growing) season. fru ncatella is the next to largest, pale In Jacobsen's "Succulent Plants" gray tinted with pinkish buff and pat­ (English translation) p. 203 L. MU/ndf'i terned with branching brown lines like Tjsch. is given as a vari ety of L. a creeping moss. Turbinifo1'111is is the pseudo-fmncatella N. E . Br.. but no largest with fl at upper surfaces almost reference is given to the place of this crenulate, all light pinkish fawn-color publication. One gathers from the text with browner pattern through the de­ that this widely distributed species, L. pressed crenulations. pse'/Id o-trnJlcatella , is rather variable A ll are from South Africa in the but that its vari ations are suffi ciently Transvaal, Great Namaqualand or near­ pointed out as vari eties of the species by from regions of limited and seasonal rather than as new species. rainfall. This, Mrs. Bakkers tell s me, My friend, M rs. Coombs, reminds is the key to their culture, for they me that nowhere have I men ti oned the must have light and limited watering fact that these are among the "\i\Tin­ during their summer growing season dowed plants" that make up the inter­ and relatively little moisture to almost esting \"ariants in the strange South none in winter. African Flora. Thev are also "Mimicry In Mesembryanthema (N. E. Brown. Plants" ow ing to ~hei r stone-like ap­ Dr. A. Tischer, M. C. Karsten p. 43) pearance. The windoV\rs in all such in a discussion or their general ecology plants are semi- transparent areas in the are various notes on their mimi cry, for upper surface of the leaves through the plants show colors most like the which greater amoun ts of light may soil in which they occur and the stones pass than through normal leaf surfaces. among which they cluster. This work She cites N. E. Brow n in Gardener's cites Marloth who reports that "The ChroJlicle, Ser. 3, v. 71, page 44, Jan. children of the Boers call them 'toOllt­ 28. 1922: .. * * * * they all belong to the jes' (little toes) and eat them. They small group known as 'windowed are also eaten by herbivorous ani mals plants.' The wi ndow, however ~ is some­ when other food is scarce." Nothing is times quite obscured by coloured pig­ sai d of their flavors but it would take ment. which acts as a screen to soften little childish fancy to see in them the light. yet does not prevent it from simulations of little brownish rolls or penetrating into the interior of the plant macaroo ns ! and reaching the chlorophyll layer." The fl owers, should they come, will As will be recall ed in the-text before be delicate aster like blooms with many this point, there were va ri ous patterns Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 269 of color mentioned, the moss-agate-like teresting offerings of the five and ten appearances of some of the tops and cent stores. is this tropical plant that the frost-patterned crenulations of the has a long hi story in cultivation . It is others. O" rown essentially for its handsome Since the time that these notes were foliage. The leaYes are peltate ( like first made, the fl ower-bud has decided those of the nasturtium) but pointed at not to bother with opening, L. olivocea the tips, dark green in color, with sil­ has decided to deliquesce and so has very variegations between the veins, had to be replaced and the watering of which makes it the var. argyreia. The the whole has been reduced to a sti ngy fine color of the lea yes is accented by drink. once a month. If there is to be the lush red stems. In the window even less in the winter months. there garden, it should have a warm spot, not wi ll be practically none at all, leaving too much light and abundant but care­ these plants among the best of house ful watering. In this case, careful wa­ plants since all best house plants should tering means watering from the base include either those that can be drowned of the pot so that moisture will not rot with impunity. be left unwatered the crowns from which the succulent with impuni ty or sat in the dark. These leaves arise. In the mi dst of the leaves three fields are the safest and our plants rise the short stems that bears the fit the one group, un watered but safe curious but inconspicuous catkins of and very lovely. B. Y. lVI. bloolll. In the account given in Bailey·s Cyclopedia is the note that shows the Pepero·/"/"lia Sondersi-i main period of growth is in midwinter. A mong the many plants that seem to This in itself is an important note to be more or less common among the il1- the grower. Index to Volume 19

Figures in italics represent illustrations

Acacia J( oa ______155 Bulbs, early Spring ______109 Alexander, William P. : C alyptrono111,a d~tlcis ______16 Making Ferns Feel at C a11 !,pan-"da plani fiom ______110, 111 Home ______143 Caughey, Rachel : Aljonsia oleifera ______18, 23, 27, 29 Bloodroot ______252 AlysSU111b 11'b011ta114tm ______229 Iris tectonm~ ______190 A1117nOcharis hete1'ostyla ______66, 67 C e phalocereus senilis ______215 A11~ phi anthus p"'tsillus ______191. 193 Cha,11wecyparis pisifem plumosa---- 58 Anemone capensis ______246, 247 C heirostemon platal'loides ______. ______154 Ambis F e1'dinandi-Cob'urg'i ______228 C lemat /:s tangl£tica ___ : ______136 Arboretum in Golden Gate Park _ 153 Cook, O. F.: A1'butus canar'iensis ______154 Oil Palms in F lorida, Haiti A1'ena,ria v e1"l1a var. caespitosa _____ 230 and Panama ______10 Azalea Notes, 1940 ______163 Coombs, Sarah V.: Azalea Races, Two ______101 A nemone capensis ______247 Azaleas, ANew Jersey Collection 102 Bn-mia nodiftom ______243 B a,biana plicata ______188 E1"ica prope'l1dens ______243 st1'icta ______120, 122 S pathodea campanulata Bakkers, Neff K . : Again ______248 The Old Man ______224 W nnnbea capensis ______241 Ballard, B. H. : r oryphantha vivi'pam ______2 16 Primula auricula Hybrids _ 107 Cotoneaster racemifiom Banl?sia q~t e rcifolia ______155 soo-nganca ______59, 75 Barlee, Annette : Crabapples, O ri ental F lowering ---- 149 O ld-Fashioned Plants in Crocus aerius, Grey Lady______188 Irish Gardens ______171 aureus ______188 Barr, Claude A.: B alansae ______--:..______186 I p01no ea leptoclada ______56, 57 bi fio rus ______187 Bates, Alfred: bifiorus argenteus ______187 The Illusive Ivy- IV ______199 bifiont,S pusiUus ______187 B e1'beris Iulia,nae ______178, 179, 19 1 bi fio'ru.s W eldeni ______187 Bloodroot ______252 bifi01"US W eldeni alb,us ______187 Bomba:!: malabaricum ______62, 63 chrjlSa11thus ______187 Bot1'j chium dissectu111L v. obliqm(,m 40 ch,1'ysanthus, Blue Bird ______188 ' d'issect2l11q, v. oneidense_ AO, 42 chrysanthus, Bull F inch._____ 187 matricariaefoli~lm ______39 cll1'ysanthus, Canary Bird __ 187 m~lltifid ,u7n v. salaifoli vl1n 40, 42 chrj,santhus, Dorothy ______187 vwg'b1'llbanU111, ______39 chrysanth"'ts, E . A. Bowles 188 Bowers, Clement Gray: ch1'ysa12thus, E. P. Bowles 187 N ew Hybrid Rhododen- cl71'ysaJ7thus ftlSco -tinctus __ 187 drons ______232 chrysanth'blS, Large Warley B1'odiaea Bridgesii ______130, 131 W hite ______187 Brooms for the Rockery, DwarL 44 chrysanth'btS, Moonlight __ __ 188 Bn-mia 110diflora ______243. 244 chrysanthus, Q uaintness ___ _ 187 [270] Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 271

chrysanthus, Siskin ______187 lmperati Atlli11Sii ______.. ______109 chrysanthus, Snow Bunting 187 plicatus ______109 etruscus ______. 186 Gasterias, Two Useful ______74 lm,perat-i ______185 Genista dalmatica ______.45, 46 'N1MIM1iLUS ______138 decu111,bens ______44 S ie b eri ______186 h01'1'ida ______46 SUS1.o.nus ______186 pilosa ______44 Tomasinia1'lus . ______185 sagg·italis ______45 vernus ______185 tinctoria fl. pl. ______45 Crocus, Again The ______184 Villar sii ______44 Cryptanthus as House Plants __ . __ 73 Geranium Blue Beauty ______175 Cyrilla rac e111,i flora ______.264. 266 111ac~datum ______175 C y tisus A r d oinii ______46 Pylzowianum ______175 B ean1:i ______46 GlobL£laria nana ______230 hirsutus decu1nbens ______.__ 44 Ground Covers ______]9, 220 K ew ensvs ______45 G~£iliel111a speciosa ______12 purp~tr eus ______46 Habranthus robustus ______.261 , 262 Desert, A Flowering Miniature ___ 192 H alesia ca1'olina ______178, 180 Diamorpha cY1nosa ______.______193 H elianthe1num nU1n11iLula:ria var. Draba ramosissima ______175 grandl;florum ______230 Elaeis Dybowskii ______14 Henry, Mary G.: guineensis ______10, 11, 15, B abiana plicata ______188 17, 19, 21 , 31 N eviusia alaba111,ensis ______262 madagascariensis ______14 PI'unus graC1:lis ______252 11'I,elanococca ______18 Some Eastern Penstemons 1 Erica, Jubilee ______. ______155 H ernia1'ia glabra ______230 propendens ______.243, 244 H ohe1'ia sexstylosa ______.153, 154 Erytlwoniu111, americanum ______193 H omer-ia collina ______134, 137 Eurycles silvest1'is ______132, 135 Hope, Claude : Ferns, Christmas ______145 A11iL1nocharis hete1'ostyla ____ 66 Lady ______147 H abranthus 1'obustus ______261 Long Beech ______147 L avat era, Loveliness ______72 Royal ______145 H yacinthus am.ethystim£s albus Ferns, The Unusual Grape.___ ._____ 39 123, 124 P'io£s w£yso1'ensis repandens___ .69, 70 fl ex decidua ______129, 130 Roxb1,f,rghii ______249, 250 vomitoria ______127, 128 Fox, Helen M. : I p011'bo ea leptoclada ______56, 57 Notes on a Few Early­ Iris Danfordiae ______110 Flowering Lilac Species ._ 161 histrioides majo1' ______109 P1'unus pU111,ila ______255 reticulata, C antab ______110 Freeborn, Mary E. G.: tecton£7n ______190 Good Garden Peonies from Ivy , Albany ______209 Seed ______256 Green Feather ______.208, 211 FI'itillaria 11~ e leagris ___ . ______141 Green Quartz ______202, 213 Gable, Joseph B. : Hahn's Miniature ______206, 211 Rhododendro11, "Decatros" 43 Hahn's Self-Branching 201 , 207 Ga,lanthus byzantinus ______109 Little Beauty ______.214, 217 Elwesii ______109 Long Point ______215 Illariae ______109 Manda's Cre ted ______212, 21:; 272 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940

Merion Beauty ______205' 209 H al-niltonhoytea ______227 Pittsburgh ______200, 207 K ~lle~iana ______227 (Pittsburgh Variegated) ____ 213 1nagm1lJll,a11'~11 '!a ______227 Rambler ______210, 217 M endeliana ______227 Ramosa Complex ______203 1-nysta,1: ______227 The Illusive-IV ______198 S chiedeana ______227 James, W. M.: se11'Lperv'ivi ______~ ______228 1\I/oraea ra IllOsa ______54 tetracantha ______228 KaellLpfe1'ia 'rot~£nda ______125, 126 Vaupelii ______228 J( al 0 pa 110 _1: pictus ______, ______256, 258 W oodsii ______228 LapeY1'oH,sia fissifolia _____ ~ __ ,____ ]9, 119 Moncure, Robert C. : Lava Beds of Idaho, The ______36 Early Spring Bulbs ______109 Lavatera , Loveli ness ______]1, 72 Geraniums maculatum, Blue L ilac Species, Notes on a Few Beauty and Pylzowianum 175 Early Flowering ______161 M orapa polystachya ______54 Lithops Fulle1"i ______266 -ra11wsa ______54, 55 Leslei ______268 ranWStSS111W ______54 M wndt ii ______268 Morrison, B. Y.: ohva,cea ______268 Again the Crocus.______184 pseb£dotru lIc atella ______268 Flowers for Hot vVeatheL 82 X L Ollicera T elllN.an lliana ______257 Living Stones ______266 Lycopersicon, The Taxonomy and JVl uller. Cornelius H . : Distribution of the Genus 157 The Taxonomy and Distri­ McVaugh, Rogers: butioti of the Genus Ly- A F lowering Desert in coperSlcon ______157 Miniature ______192 Narcissus blllbocodiU11'1 :~vlagers, Mrs. H . P.: monophyllus ______76 Prairies \i\i ildlings for the W atie r'i ______110 Garden ______189 1\,T eobesseya 1I1:issouriell sis ______224 Two Extremely Worth Nevil/.sia alabamensis ___ 256, 259, 260 \i\ihile Hardv Cactus ______224 N iereJllbergia 1'ivb£laris ______230 :l.ia/lls Arnoldialla ____ ~ ____ 149, 150, 151 NothoscordH,11l bivalve ______193 bacca to. ______.______149 NY·JNpha ea colorata ______251 baccata. malldshllrica ______149 1V,)1111phioides aruaticU1l1 ______76 fio ·r·ibunda -______149, 152 Nyssa sylvatica ______181 , 182, 183 fi01'ib'btn.da , "Bob \iVhite _149, 152 Oil Palms in Florida, Haiti and H allia /1.0. ____ -______.220, 221 Panama ______10 ioensis plella ______149 Old Fashioned Plants in Irish Scheidec/?eri ______222, 224 Gardens ______171 spcctabilis ______223 Ophioglossu1n vulgatu1N ______39, 40 .11 a II 11 lliillaroia bocosa no. ______226 OSl11un, Arthur H. : mla cantha ______226 Leaf Variations in Viola ___ 172 conspicua ______227 Some Good Garden Violets 46 d ecipiens ______227 Pachira fast7,£Qsa ______64. 65 dolichocelltra ______227 Pel'lste11'lOn m£stral-is ______.1, 2, 3 d bwisp'l;na ______227 a,rlwnsa11G. ______:2 elongata ______227 mlycos1J,s __ .. ______.2, 4 F is ch m,i ______227 canesce11S ______2 H ah11Jiana ______227 d'ig'italis ______. ______2. 5 Oct., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZIN E 27 3

hir s If tus ______6 oblata, v. affinis ______162 lVlurmyanus ______7, 8, 9 oblata v. dilatata ______162 palli d us ______6 P ahbiniana ______161 SmaUi-i ______. ______6, 8 velutina ______162 t ~~bi fio 'rt~s ______8 Telopea speciosissi1'1l,a ______. ______154 W he1'1 '31i ______8 Thyq1'IUS b'rittanicus ______230 Penstemons, Some Eastern ______1 Tibmtchina semidecalldra ______153 Phlo_1: alyssifolia ______106, 106 T il-ia cordata ______138, 141 caespitosa ______106, 107 TSlfga caroliniama ______136, 139 H oodii ______106 Van Tress, Robert H.: Phloxes, Native Western ______106 B erb eris ll£liallac ______178 P hoc17ix sylvest'ris ______13 Cha'/Jla ec yparis pisifera PhYSOca1' PUS 11tLOnogynus ______138 Pht11/wsa ______.___ 58 Pinus densifio1"lls v. u11lbra C'~dif e ra 178 Clell/atis tallg'utica ______136 Plant Names ______76 C otoll easte1' 1'ace1lLijlora Potenti/la v erna v. nana ______230 soon.ganca ______59 Prairie \tVildlings for Your Garden 187 H alesia wrol'ina ______178 Primula Auricula Hybrids ______107 K af 0 pan.ax pic t II s ______247 Pro tea susannae ______155 X Lon:icera T eflll/allllialla, _ 248 Pru 11'"lIS gracilis ______252, 253 Neviusia alaba111 ell sis 247 pU1'I1ila ______254, 255 Physocarpus mO'/'logYllltS ____ 138 Pseudolarix Kae11'l,pferi ______257 Pinus densifior'Us v. R ebutia mi-/'l~tscula ______225 1I1nbmcttlifem ______178 Rhododendron "Decatros" ______43 Pseudolarix Ka.e1'11pferi ______247 Rhododendron canadensis __ __ 234, 235 Sopho'ra japonica ______58 d e con~1'/I/' ______232 Stephana,ndm incisa ______178 discolO1' ______232 Tilia cordata ______138 F argesii ______232 T sttga ca:rol'in1:al'la ______136 F ortul1 ci ______.______232 Vib1,w11~t 11t 'rhyt'ido phyllwl1L 59 S anr; uinaria, canadensis ______.__ .___ 242 Vib~tr1/.u1% 1'hytidophyllll7n ______59 Scheffi e1'a a,ctinophylla ______6Z , 62 V iola w1'1adensis ______49 Schoe"/'1olir'iOIl C1 ' OC e ~t11'l ______. ______193 Macloskeyi ______49 Senior, Robert M.: papilionacea ____ 47 The Lava Beds of Idaho ____ 36 papilionacea afba _____ 49 Skinner, F. L.: pedata alba ___ _ _ 47 Native \tV estern Phloxes __ _ 106 p1'i11'J,ulifoha, ______48, 48 So ph om japol1ica ______58, 75 pttbeSce11s ______48 S pathodea ca1npanulata ______.59, 60 rostrata ______.47, 48 S path-odea w11'l,pamtlata Again ___ _ 238 S araea ______48 Starker, Carl and Louise: striata ______48 Dwarf Brooms for the Viola, Leaf Variation in ______]72 Rockery ______44 Violets, Some Good Garden ______46 Stephalla,ndra i11cisa ______178 \iValter, Eric: Sterllb erg1'a Fisch erialla 110 Arboretuill in Gold en Gate Stones, Living Park _____ 153 Sturtevant, Robert S. : \iV ater Lilies, Tropi cal: Ground Covers __ 79 August Koch 84 S')l1I/ plocos pam'wlata __ _ 132, 133 Blue Triumph 93 Syrillr;a llflianae _ 162 Chicago 84, 89 274 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 Col. Lindbergh ______"_ 94, 95 St. Louis ______. 84 Francis Griffith ______94, 97 Violet ______84 Golden West ______148 William Stone ____ . ______.91 , 94 Gov. Louis L. Emerson .84, 87 Watering Pot Plants ____ . ______. 74 H. C. Haarstick ______94 Weber, Nelma M.: Henry Shaw ______.84, 86 N yssa sylvatica ______181 Wilson, Warren Juno ------94 c.: Missouri ______At Last, a W orth - while 94 Arabis __ . ______. ______228 Mrs. Edwards Whitaker ANew Effect from Ground 82, 83, 94 Covers ______. ______. 229 Mrs. George Pring ______.84, 85 The Unusual Grape Ferns 39 Mrs. Hitchcock ______.94, 98 iiVtwmbea capens-is ______241, 242 Mrs. Hutchings ______.94, 99 Wyman, Donald: Mrs. Woodrow Wilson ____ _ 84 Oriental Flowering Crab- Mrs. W. R. J ames ______84 apples ______] 49 Pennsy lvania ______. 92 Double-Flowered Oriental Pink Pearl ______84 , 88 Crabapples _. ____ .______220 Oct ., 1940 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE I I I HYBRID DAYLILIES Ann a B etscher, George Yeld, Golden Dream, H y­ perioll, Iris Perry. Mikado, Ophir, R a dia.nt, Win­ some, each 50c. Calypso, Dr. Regel, Gem, Gy-psy, Violets, Gentians, Unusual Anemones, Imperator , Margaret P erry, each 25c. Postage New Delphiniums, Water Lilies, with a paid on orders of $2.00. thousand others as interesting. Unique FISHER FLOWERS catalog on request. Germantown, T e nnessee MOORESTOWN, REX. D. PEARCE NEW JERSEY

NEW AND RARE 1500 VARIETIES P eonies, Iris, Poppies Species of Rhododendron and Hemerocallis Many of these have been grown directly from seeds collected in West China, Thibet and adja· Cata log Free o n Request cent territory. List on r equest. C. F. WASSEN BERG JOS. B. GABLE Van Wert, Ohio Stewartstown Pennsylvania

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Add glamour and enchantment to your conservatory with some winter-flowering Camellias. LONGVIEW prize-winning Camellias are beautiful to look at . . . Thrilling to own. Easy culture. Ask for Catalogue NH, pot grown, budded pJants. IV THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1940 ---Just Published--.... This Spring Choix des Plus Belles Fleurs before you begin planting BY I Consult PIERRE JOSEPH REDOUTE Introduction by Colette PLANTING DESIGN This book, as its name indicates, is Re­ By Florence Robinson, Ass't Professor of doutii's choice of his favorite fl owers. It is Landscape Architecture, University of a selection of twelve of his most beautif ul Illinois ; 215 pages, fully illustrated. plates printed in fifteen brilliant colors and $2.75 includes delightf ul bouquet arrangements I n t his b r and new book the author ap­ of roses, camellias, narcissi and 0 th e r proaches t h e subj ect of planting design as does the painter who endeavor s to p lease flowers. the eye by his g r ouping a n d arr angement of Of all the fine F r ench artists of quality color and textur e. Her t r eatment is so broad and so thorough that anyone w ill fi n d ·flower prints Redou te is t he best known. an answer to h is particular planting p r ob­ The limited edition is a large Quarto al­ lem. bum, size 16 x 12112 inches, the gr een boar ds THE BOOK SHOWS: reproducing the wrappers of the 1827 edi­ -how to use color vigorously and daringly tion, interior wrappers in green and gold. twelve months in a year; All copies are numbered. -how to match texture of bu ildings w it h th e type of p lanting; Printed on special Papier de Ri'Yes -the correct appl ication of mass in plant­ ing design,-adapting the righ t lines and silhouettes in p lants to s u it t h e bu ildin g; 9 00 Postpaid -the important part p layed by soil and cli­ $ • In U. s. mate in the choice of plants,-wit h room Make checks payable to for local and personal p r efer ences. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL Mail your order to: SOCIETY AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL and mail your order to SOCIETY 821 Washington Loan & Trust Bldg. 821 Washington Loan & Trust Bldg. Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. A RARE BARGAIN AT a recent mee ting of the A mer ican Peony Soc iety the Board of Direc tors vot ed to make a dras tic red uction in the price of the peony manual , good until ava il abl e supply is exhausted or until the fi rs t of the year. Present price, $2.25, postpaid. Eve ry peony lover should have this manual w ith su pplement, bound in one book, as it is an encvc/ opedia of peony knowledge obtainabl e from no other source. Manual origina ll y so ld for $6.00 Present price far under cost of production . I f you are loo king for a rea l barga in, here's your chance. Don't hes ita t e, t hey are go ing fa st at this price. Circu lar on req uest . M embership in the America n Peony Soc iety, four splendid bulletins and the bea utif ul , helpf ul M an ual, on ly $5.00, Make remittances to the Ameri can Peony Soc iety and mail to

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I NVITES to membership all persons who are interested in the devel­ opment of a great national society that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of the organization. For its members the society publishes THE NATIONAL HORTICUL­ TIJRAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing impor­ tance among the horticultural publications of the day and destined to 611 an even larger role as the society grows. It is published during the months of January, April, July and October and is written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees appointed for the furthering of special plant projects the members will receive advance material on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock garden plants, conifers, nuts, and rhododendrons. Membership in the society, therefore, brings one the advantages of membership in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particular attention is paid to new or little known plants that are not commonly described elsewhere. The American Horticultural Society invites not only personal mem­ berships but affiliations with horticultural societies and clubs. To such it offers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calendar year. The Annual Meeting of the Society is held in Washington, D. c., and members are invited to attend the special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. The annual dues are three dollars the year, payable in advance; life membership is one hundred dollars; inquiry as to affiliation should be addressed to the Secretary, 821 Washington Loan and Trust Building, Washington, D. C.