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The NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE The NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE J1\ JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OCTOBER 1953 THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, INC. 1600 Bladensburg Road, Northeast Washington 2, D. C. OFFICERS President: Dr. John L. Creech, Glenn Dale, Maryland First Vice-President: Mr. Arnold M. Davis, Cleveland, Ohio Second Vice-President: Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C. Secretary: Dr. Francis de Vos, Washington, D. C. Treasurer: Miss Olive E. Weatherell, Olean, New York Editor: Mr. B. Y. Morrison, Pass Christian, Mississippi Managing Editor: Mr. James R. Harlow, Takoma Park, Maryland DIRECTORS Terms Expiring 1954 Terms Expiring 1955 Mr. Stuart Armstrong, Silver Spring, Mary- Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox, Mount Kisco, New land York Dr. Fred O. Coe, Bethesda, Maryland Mr. Frederic P. Lee, Bethesda, Maryland Mrs. Walter Douglas, Chauncey, New York Mrs. J. Norman Henry, Gladwyne, Penn- Dr. Brian O. Mulligan, Seattle, Washington sylvania Dr. Freeman A. Weiss, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott, Media, Pennsyl­ Dr. Donald Wyman, Jamaica Plain, Massa- vania chusetts HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Mrs. Edna Korts, President Mrs. Otto Zach, President American Begonia Society, Inc. American Primrose Society 3628 Revere A venue 1172 Southeast 55th Avenue Los Angeles 39, California Portland 15, Oreg. Mr. Calder W. Seibels, President Mr. Harold Epstein, President American Camellia Society American Rock Garden Society 800 Sweetbrier Road 5 Forest Court Columbia, South Carolina Larchmont, New York Mr. C. E. Little, President Dr. C. Eugene Pfister, President American Delphinium Society American Rose Society Box 660, Richmond Hills Route 2, Box 60 Ontario, Canada Mundelein, Illinois Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, President Mr. W. Taylor Marshall, President Emeritus American Fern Society, Inc. Cactus & Succulent Society of America 2214 Beverly Road Box 647 Brooklyn 26, New York Tempe, Arizona Mr. William F. Christman, President Mr. C. R. Wolf, President American Peony Society Holly Society of America, Inc. Northbrook, Illinois Mill ville, New Jersey AFFILIATED SOCIETIES-1953 American Association of Nurserymen Garden Center of Greater Cincinnati American Begonia Society Garden Club of Alexandria (Virginia) American Begonia Society, San Francisco Garden Club of Chevy Chase, Maryland Branch Garden Club of Danville (Virginia) American Begonia Society, Santa Barbara Garden Club of Fairfax (Virginia) Branch Garden Club of Virginia American Camellia Society Garden Library of Michigan American Gesneria Society Georgetown Garden Club (D. C.) American Gloxinia Society Gulfport Horticultural Society American Iris Society Herb Society of America American Rhododendron Society, Middle Houston Horticultural Society Atlantic Chapter Iowa State Horticultural Society Bel-Air Garden Club, Inc., (California) Michigan Horticultural Society Birmingham Horticultural Society National Capital Dahlia Society Cactus and Succulent Society of America North American Lily Society California Horticultural Society Northern Nut Growers' Association, Inc. Chestnut Hill Garden Club, (Massachusetts) Perennial Garden Club (D. C.) Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club Plainfield Garden Club (New Jersey) Fauquier and Loudoun Garden Club Potomac Rose Society (D. C.) (Virginia) San Francisco Garden Club Federated Garden Clubs of Cincinnati and Tacoma Rhododendron Society Vicinity Takoma Horticultural Society (Maryland) Worcester County Horticultural Society C a111,ellia sasanqu.a The American Camellia Society ARTHUR C. BROWN] Camelliaitis is a disease that has a President, and R. J. Wilmot, Secre­ high incidence among citizens who in­ tary. On March 29, 1946, the Camel­ sist upon being surrounded with in­ lia Society of America merged with teresting plants and beautiful flowers. the American Camellia Society. The Thousands of victims are to be en­ ·current officers of the American Ca­ countered out of doors in the southern mellia Society include Calder W. Sei­ and Pa,cific Coast states, and indoors bels, Columbia, South Carolina, Presi- in the north. This highly infectious 'dent, and Sam P. Harn, Gainesville, disease is also well established abroad. Florida, Secretary. Fortunate indeed is the family where Culture of the Ca11~elha was an old both husband and wife are affected­ and honorable occupation in the Orient otherwise budgets are likely to be shat­ long before these plants found their tered, vacation plans spoiled) and high way to Europe and the United States. spite fences erected in the family gar­ There is evidence in the old literature den plot. Veteran victims are con­ to support the belief that early in the vinced that immunity, even resistance, 15th century cultivated forms of Ca­ to the disease on the part of husband mellia were used as ornamentals or wife is legitimate grounds for di­ _around the palaces of the shoguns in vorce. Japan. Some of the plants set out in No satisfactory cure of cameJliaitis the gardens of the shogun Hideyoshi has been found. A palliative, however, T oyotomi ( 1536-1588) at Kyoto arc is provided in the form of a member­ still alive. The Japanese used the ship in the American Camellia Society. leaves of what is now known as Ca- Victims foregather at the annual meet­ 1neUia sasanqua to make tea. In the ings and discuss matters pertaining to earlier days, Camellias in China were the causal agent and its effect. They used primarily for utilitarian, rather are kept informed with respect to the than ornamental, purposes. The seed extent and progress of the disease pods of C. oleifem were crushed and through the perusal of the Society's an oil extracted. while the leaves of publications. - C. sinens'is were dried and used to The American Camellia Society was make the well-known beverage-tea. organized at Macon, Georgia, on Sep­ Camellias were probably introduced tember 29, 1945. The purpose of the into Europe early in the 18th century. Society is to promote interest in all Attempts on the part of Europeans to phases of Cmmellia culture, out of doors in'lport C. sinensis for the purpose of and in greenhouses, scientific and lay establishing a tea industry there, re­ investigations dealing with soils, ferti­ sulted in the introduction of flowering lizers, insect and disease control, no­ varieties which had been substituted, menclature, shows and other pertinent accidentally or otherwise, for tea plants. factors. At the organization meeting, These varieties were C. japonica (the Dr. H. Harold Hume was elected Cam~ellia of or from Japan) and C. sasanqua. In the English literature it 'Editor. ame?'iewn OwrneWia Quarte/'ly, Gaines­ ville, Florida. is stated that Camellias were intro- (1 93) 194 THE NATIO TAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE October 1953 duced into that country "before 1739." the Camellia center of the United So far as the records show, the first States. The list of growers includes C{]iJ1'bellia in England was the one the names of David Landreth who hrought in by a captain of the British started the first seed house in the East India Company for Lord Petre, United States in 1784, and was an im­ Thornton Hall, Essex. L' Abbe Ber­ portant early Cam .ellia grower. (One lese, a recognized early authority on of his originations, Landrethii, long lost to the trade, was recently redis­ Camellias, whose books have become covered in Louisiana.) Robert Buist, collectors' items, states that a single­ a Scotc;:hman who came to Philadel­ flowering variety was planted in the phia in 1828, became noted for his Royal Gardens at Caserta, Italy, in writings and the extent of his C(]fJII1. ellia 1760. Introductions into Belgium, nursery. The Pennsylvania Horticul­ France and other European countries tural Society, founded in 1827, held were undoubtedly' made early in the Cam/,ellia; shows and sought to advance 18th century. the culture of these plants in a number Most of these early introductions of ways. Between 1840 and 1850 were single-.flowered varieties of no Samuel and John Feast and Edward great merit. Interest in, as well as the Kuitz propagated and developed sev­ propagation of, Camellias in England eral varieties of Camellias at Baltimore, received its impetus in 1792 as the re­ Maryland. In 1880, Robert J . Halli­ sult of the introduction of two good day, of that city, published the first varieties,Variegata and Alba Plena. American book on Camellias, Practical (The last named variety is still a very C(}fmellia Culture. The culture of Ca­ popular one.) These were soon fol­ mellias in these northern states was lowed by other superior varieties such carried on in greenhouses. as Incarnata (Lady Hume's Blush), One of the early enthusiasts, James and Fimbriata. L. L. F. Warren, moved from Boston What are believed to be the first to Sacramento, California, and in 1852 importations of Camellias into the received a shipment of Camellias from United States were the plants received the east. This was the start of the hy John Stevens, Hoboken, New York, present widespread and flourishing Ca- in 1797 or 1798, and Michael Floy of 111£llia industry in the Pacific Coast New York in 1800. The latter estab­ states and British Columbia. Indica­ lished nurseries in Bowery Village and tive of the ability of Camellia plants to Hoboken, where Camellias were grown. withstand rough handling is the fact During the period from 1830 to 1860 a that the plants sent to Mr. Warren number of prominent citizens of Bos­ moved by vessel from Boston to Pana­ ton brought in most of the varieties ma, thence overland, and on to San available in Europe. The names of Francisco by ship and from that place two of these citizens, C. M. Hovey and to Sacramento by river boat. Marshall P. Wilder, have been per­ Another interesting account of a long petuated through the names given to journey by a Ca11'l.elli:a plant is related varieties originated by them and which by Mrs. y..,T. E . MacArthur, Jackson­ are still popular-C. H. Hovey, C. M. ville, Florida: Sometime before 1852 Hovey, and Mrs. Abby Wilder. Phila­ a fifteen -year-old tubbed Cafl1!f,ellia delphia, during the early 1880's, was plant was brought from England by a October 1953 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 195 Camellia reticulata, from Curtis Botanical Magazine, 1827, Plate 2784.
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