DOCSLIB.ORG

The International Dimension of Tunisia's Transition to Democracy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The International Dimension of Tunisia's Transition to Democracy The International Dimension of Tunisia’s Transition to Democracy. From Consensus over Democracy to Competitiveness within Democracy Thèse Pietro Marzo Doctorat en science politique Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D.) Québec, Canada © Pietro Marzo, 2020 The International Dimension of Tunisia’s Transition to Democracy. From Consensus over Democracy to Competitiveness within Democracy Thèse Pietro Marzo Doctorat en Science Politique Philosophiæ doctor (Ph.D) Québec, Canada Sous la direction de: Francesco Cavatorta, Directeur de Recherche Résumé Après le déclenchement des révoltes arabes en 2010, la Tunisie est le seul pays arabe à s'être démocratisé avec succès, dans une région où un repli autoritaire est en train de sévir. Les chercheurs ont étudié la transition démocratique tunisienne en se concentrant principalement sur ses facteurs internes, alors qu'ils ont accordé peu d'attention à l'impact des facteurs internationaux et des influences externes sur le processus de transition. S'appuyant sur une analyse qualitative, cette étude examine la dimension internationale de la transition de la Tunisie vers la démocratie et soutient que les facteurs et influences internationaux ont joué un rôle important dans le processus de démocratisation. Cette recherche se concentre sur l'impact que l'agence des promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie a eu sur la structure nationale tunisienne. Il met en évidence la façon dont l'interaction entre les acteurs internationaux et les groupes nationaux tunisiens a contribué au processus de démocratisation, sans soutenir que les facteurs externes ont imposé les choix et des acteurs politiques et sociaux tunisiens. L'étude expose trois résultats théoriques qui contribuent au débat sur la dimension internationale de la démocratisation. Premièrement, cette recherche suggère que lorsque les promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie soutiennent les oppositions nationales à développer une confiance mutuelle à renforcer leurs liens, et de combler les divisions, il favorise l'émergence des nouveaux ‘centres de pouvoir’. Les données empiriques fournies par cette étude démontrent que les programmes d'aide à la démocratie et les influences libérales internationales ont favorisé la création d'une coalition tunisienne pro-démocratie d'opposition au régime de Ben Ali. Deuxièmement, cette étude avance que le faible niveau de la bataille étrangère pour l'influence en Tunisie a facilité le processus de négociation entre les élites de transition pendant le processus de démocratisation. Troisémement, cette étude soutient que lors de la transition tunisienne vers la démocratie, les promoteurs internationaux de la démocratie ont aidé les partis politiques tunisiens à passer d'un consensus initial sur la mise en place d'un système politique démocratique à une concurrence au sein du système démocratique mis en place. Bien que cette étude se concentre uniquement sur le cas de la Tunisie, tous les chapitres fournissent des preuves comparatives avec d'autres contextes régionaux. ii Abstract Following the outbreak of the Arab revolts in late 2010, Tunisia is the only Arab country that has democratized successfully in a region where authoritarian retrenchment prevails. Scholars have studied the Tunisian transition to democracy focusing mainly on domestic factors, devoting little attention to the role international factors and external influences played in the transitional process. Relying on qualitative analysis, this study investigates the international dimension of Tunisia’s transition to democracy and argues that international factors and influences played a relevant role in the democratization process. This research focuses on the impact the agency of international democracy promoters had on Tunisian national structure during the transition to democracy, without downplaying the agency of Tunisian political and social actors. It highlights how the interplay between international actors and Tunisia domestic groups contributed to the making of the democratization process. The study lays out three theoretical findings that contribute to the debates on the international dimension of democratization and democracy promotion. First, it suggests that when international democracy promoters support domestic oppositions in developing mutual trust, strengthening ties and bridging divisions, they enhance the emergence of new alternative ‘centres of power’ to the regime. Second, this study argues that the low level of foreign squabbling for influence in Tunisia facilitated the bargaining process among transitional elites during the democratization process. Third, this study suggests that during the Tunisian transition to democracy, international democracy promoters helped Tunisian transition elites to move from the initial consensus over democracy to competition within the democracy. While this study focuses only on the Tunisia’s case, all the chapters provide comparative evidence with other countries in the Middle East and North Africa to back up the empirical findings and the theoretical reflections. iii Contents Résumé .......................................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ iii Contents ....................................................................................................................................... iv List of abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................................. vii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ x Forewords .................................................................................................................................... xii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 What democracy? Definitions of democracy. .............................................................................................. 1 The evolution of the debate on the international dimension of democratisation: from the bipolar to the unipolar world .......................................................................................................................................... 6 The end of the unipolar world and the decline of the debate on the international dimension of democratization ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Studying the International Dimension of Democracy in Age of Multipolarity .................................. 16 The International Dimension of Democratization in the MENA Region ............................................ 22 Justification for the Study and Outline of the Chapters ........................................................................... 28 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 1. La Dimension Internationale de la Transition Démocratique en Tunisie. Défis Méthodologiques d’une Recherche Qualitative. ............................................................................ 48 1.1 Résumé ......................................................................................................................................................... 49 1.2 Abstract. ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 1.3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 51 1.4 Identifier les acteurs: l’importance du terrain exploratoire .............................................................. 54 1.5 Le recrutement: la technique de ‘boule de neige’ et le rôle des intermédiaires ou ‘fixeurs’ .... 58 1.6 Réduire la subjectivée des récits pendant les entrevues: ‘la triangulation progressive’ des données................................................................................................................................................................ 62 1.7 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 66 1.8 Bibliographie .............................................................................................................................................. 67 Chapter 2. Solving the Security-Democracy Dilemma. The US Foreign Policy in Tunisia post-9/11 .................................................................................................................................................... 70 2.1 Résumé ......................................................................................................................................................... 71 2.2 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ 73 2.3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 74 2.4 Rethinking
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mobilization Under Authoritarian Rule
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Cadmus, EUI Research Repository Bread, Freedom, Human Dignity The Political Economy of Protest Mobilization in Egypt and Tunisia Jana Warkotsch Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Sciences of the European University Institute Florence, August, 2014 submission European University Institute Department of Political and Social Sciences Bread, Freedom, Human Dignity The Political Economy of Protest Mobilization in Egypt and Tunisia Jana Warkotsch Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Sciences of the European University Institute Examining Board Professor Donatella della Porta, (EUI Supervisor) Professor Philippe Schmitter, European University Institute Professor Jeff Goodwin, New York University Professor Emma Murphy, Durham University © Jana Warkotsch, 2014 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who accompanied me on the way to completing this thesis and who deserve my heartfelt gratitude. Institutionally, the EUI and my supervisor Donatella della Porta have provided me with the best environment in which to develop my research that I could have hoped for. Many of its scholars and students have provided valuable feedback along the way and its open academic culture allowed for exploring ideas across disciplinary boundaries. In addition, my jury consisting of Philippe Schmitter, Emma Murphy and Jeff Goodwin, provided insightful and thought provoking comments. Thanks also go to the many people that I have met and interviewed along the way, who have provided their time, insights, and personal stories.
    [Show full text]
  • Fractured Walls... New Horizons: Human Rights in the Arab Region
    A-PDF MERGER DEMO Fractured Walls... New Horizons Human Rights in the Arab Region Annual Report 2011 (1) Fractured Walls... New Horizons Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies Human Rights in the Arab Region CIHRS Annual Report 2011 Reform Issues (29) Publisher: Cairo Institute for Human Cofounder Rights Studies (CIHRS) Dr. Mohammed El-Sayed Said Address: 21 Abd El-Megid El-Remaly St, 7th Floor, Flat no. 71, Bab El Louk, Cairo. POBox: 117 Maglis ElShaab, Cairo, Egypt President Kamal Jendoubi E-mail address: [email protected] Website: www.cihrs.org Tel: (+202) 27951112- 27963757 Director Bahey eldin Hassan Fax: (+202) 27921913 Cover designer: Kirolos Nathan Layout: Hesham El-Sayed Dep. No: 2012/ 10278 Index card Fractured Walls... New Horizons Human Rights in the Arab Region Annual Report 2010 Publisher: Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS) Reform Issues (29), 24cm, 278 Pages, (Cairo) Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (Author) With support from The European Commission The Open Society Foundation (2) Table of Contents Dedication 5 Introduction: The Arab Spring: A Struggle on Three Fronts 7 Part One: Limits of the “Arab Spring” 23 Report Summary: Human Rights in the Context of the “Arab Spring” 25 The “Arab Spring” at the United Nations: Between Hope and Despair 45 Part Two: Human Rights in the Arab World 81 Section One – The Problem of Human Rights and Democracy 81 1- Egypt 83 2- Tunisia 103 3- Algeria 119 4- Morocco 129 5- Syria 143 6- Saudi Arabia 159 7- Bahrain 173 Section Two – Countries under Occupation and Armed Conflict
    [Show full text]
  • Ancien Régime: Legacies of Previous Authoritarian Regimes and the Struggle for Democratization in the Arab World
    Ancien Régime: Legacies of Previous Authoritarian Regimes and the Struggle for Democratization in the Arab World By Baba Adou Submitted to the graduate degree program in the Center for Global and International Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Michael Wuthrich ________________________________ Dr. John James Kennedy ________________________________ Dr. Yacine Daddi Addoun Date Defended: 04/ 29/ 2015 The Thesis Committee for Baba Adou certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Ancien Régime: Legacies of Previous Authoritarian Regimes and the Struggle for Democratization in the Arab World ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Michael Wuthrich Date approved: 04/ 29/ 2015 ii Abstract Arab Spring, or the series of uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa in early 2011, has raised hopes that the region is finally catching up with democracy. The fall of four long- established authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen, respectively, shook the foundations of the ‘Arab exceptionalism’ thesis which dominated much of the literature on the region. Four years after the Arab Spring, however, the prospects of democratization in the region appear to be dim; out of the four regime changes in Libya, Yemen, Egypt and Tunisia, only the latter seems to be leading a relatively successful democratic transition. This paper attempts to address the variations witnessed in the four cases’ post-Arab Spring experiences. Analyzing the four countries against the backdrop of their institutional contexts, I argue that institutional legacies of previous regime type could account for the success of democracy in Tunisia and its failure in the rest of the cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Islamism in Tunisia and Egypt: Contradictory Trajectories
    religions Article Post-Islamism in Tunisia and Egypt: Contradictory Trajectories Houssem Ben Lazreg Department of Modern Languages & Cultural Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; [email protected] Abstract: In the wake of the Tunisian Revolution of 2011, Ennahda leader Rached Ghannouchi distanced his party from the main Islamist paradigm, which is spearheaded primarily by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, and announced the separation of the religious movement entirely from its political wing (al-Siyasi and al-da’awi). In addition to reassuring Tunisians that Ennahda’s socio- political project is rooted in its “Tunisianity,” these measures aimed at signaling Ennahda’s joining the camp of post-Islamist parties and Muslim democrats such as the AKP in Turkey and the JDP in Morocco. In this article, using the comparative case studies, I examine the patterns, similarities, and differences between the Tunisian Ennahda party and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in terms of their evolutions from an Islamist to a post-Islamist discourse and identity. I argue that the Ennahda party outpaced the Muslim Brotherhood in that shift considering the local/regional realities and the new compromises dictated by the post-revolutionary political processes in both countries. Although the Muslim Brotherhood managed to come to power and govern for only one year before being deposed by the army, Ennahda’s political pragmatism (consensus, compromise, and coalition) enabled it to fare well, ultimately prodding the party to adapt and reposition itself intellectually and politically. Keywords: Ennahda party; Islamism; Muslim brotherhood; post-Islamism; political Islam; Rached Citation: Ben Lazreg, Houssem. Ghannouchi 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018.01.013 2018.01.013. Boris Dolgov. Socio-Political
    2018.01.013 93 2018.01.013. BORIS DOLGOV. SOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TUNISIA AND STRATEGY OF “AL-NAHDA” MOVEMENT // “Aziya i Afrika segodnya”, Moscow, 2017, № 3, P. 9–16. Keywords: Tunisia, “al-Nahda” movement, political Islam, radical Islamism, evolution, socio-economic crisis. Boris Dolgov, PhD (Hist.), Institute of Oriental Studies RAS The movements of “political Islam” in the Arab Muslim world have become much stronger after the “Arab Spring,” which began with the social protest in Tunisia, having resulted in the collapse of the regime of Zin al-Abidin Ben Ali in February 2011. The first free parliamentary elections in Tunisia in October 2011 brought victory to the “al-Nahda” movement headed by Rashid Gannushi (40.1 percent of voters). It gained 90 seats in parliament (out of 217). Support of that Islamist movement could be explained, first, by the fact that many Tunisians regarded it as a force resolutely fighting the corrupt dictatorial regime, but not because they shared its ideology of political Islam. Secondly, support of the “al-Nahda” was due to its proclaiming the development road based on traditional Islamic values shared by a greater part of the country’s population. At the same time, the heads of this movement proclaimed themselves national leaders expressing the interests of all citizens of the country, irrespective of their religion or nationality. This declaration attracted many people, including those who did not share the concepts of political Islam, but were against the previous regime. Second place in parliament was won by the party “Congress for Republic” (13.82 percent of voters), its chairman was Moiseff Marzuki positioning himself as a supporter of socio- democratic concepts.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternatif Politika Is Devoted to the Arab Revolts of 2011 –The Series of Dynamic Social and Political Developments Not Seen in the Arab World for Over Fifty Years
    alternatif politika Cilt 3, Sayı 3, Kasım 2011 Misafir Editör: Prof. Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ Timeline of the Arab Revolt: December 2010-June 2011 Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ Social Media Tools and the Arab Revolts Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ The Social Opposition Movement in Syria: The Assad Regime in the Context of Reform and Revolution Veysel AYHAN European Union’s Ineffective Middle East Policy Revealed after Revolution in Tunisia Bahar Turhan HURMİ Libyan Uprising And International Intervention: NATO’s Mission and Libya’s Gridlock Veysel AYHAN Arab Spring and Israeli Security: The New Threats Dünya BAŞOL Background of the Tunisian Revolution Nebahat TANRIVERDİ alternatif politika Cilt 3, Sayı 3, Kasım 2011 Introduction- Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ, i-ii. Timeline of the Arab Revolt: December 2010 – June 2011- Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ, 256-419. Social Media Tools and the Arab Revolts-Bogdan SZAJKOWSKİ, 420-432. The Social Opposition Movement in Syria: The Assad Regime in the Context of Reform and Revolution-Veysel AYHAN, 433- 454. European Union’s Ineffective Middle East Policy Revealed after Revolution in Tunisia-Bahar Turhan HURMİ, 455-489. Libyan Uprising And International Intervention: NATO’s Mission and Libya’s Gridlock-Veysel AYHAN, 490-508. Arab Spring and Israeli Security: The New Threats-Dünya BAŞOL, 509-546. Background of the Tunisian Revolution-Nebahat TANRIVERDİ, 547-570. INTRODUCTION Guest Editor: Prof. Bogdan Szajkowski This special issue of Alternatif Politika is devoted to the Arab revolts of 2011 –the series of dynamic social and political developments not seen in the Arab world for over fifty years. Throughout 2011 the Middle East, the Gulf region, Arab Peninsula and North Africa have witnessed social and political turmoil that has fundamentally impacted not only on these regions but also on the rest of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Tunisia: Igniting Arab Democracy
    TUNISIA: IGNITING 1 ARAB DEMOCRACY By Dr. Laurence Michalak, 2013 ota Bene: At the time of publication, Tunis is experiencing large protests N calling for the resignation of the current moderate Islamist Ennahdha government. The demonstrations follow on the six-month anniversary of the still- unsolved assassination of Chokry Belaid, and in the wake of the killing in late July 2013 of a second secular leftist politician, Mohamed Brahmi. The national labour union, Union Générale Tunisienne du Travail (UGTT), has called on its hundreds of thousands of members to join the rally. Work on a new constitution and election law have been suspended. The constituent assembly has been suspended pending negotiations between the government and opposition, after 70 members withdrew in protest over Brahmi’s murder. The demonstrations are the largest of their kind since the ouster of Zine El Abine Ben Ali in January 2011. Elections are scheduled for December 2013. Tunisia is an instructive case study in democracy development because the uprising that began there in December 2010 has ignited an ongoing movement in the Arab world. Tunisia’s movement is still evolving, but a summary of events to date is as follows: • The Tunisian uprising was essentially homegrown, illustrating that democracy cannot be imported but must, in each country, emerge from the people themselves. • France, the most powerful diplomatic presence in Tunisia, gave almost unqualifed support to the autocratic President Ben Ali for nearly a quarter century, although the French Socialist government elected in May 2012 supports Tunisia’s democratic development. • The US supported President Ben Ali until the George W.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Parties
    POLITICAL PARTIES – KEY FACTORS IN THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES POLITICAL PARTIES – KEY FACTORS IN THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST BUCHAREST, ROMANIA 18–19 OCTOBER 2013 PUBLICATION OF PRESENTATIONS This volume was published with the support of the OSCE Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) and the European Commission for Democracy through Law of the Council of Europe (Venice Commission). The opinions and information it contains do not necessarily reflect the policy and position of OSCE/ODIHR, the Venice Commission or of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania. Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest I. Executive summary 5 Figure 1: Six-Step action plan to promote gender equality in elected office Table of contents II.Trends in women’s representation in elected office in OSCE participating States 10 Figure 2: The proportion of women in the lower house of parliament, 2010 foreword of the editors ....................................................................................................................................................................7 Figure 3: Trends in women’s representation, 1945–2008, World Figure 4: Trends in women’s representation, 1945–2008, opening remarks ...................................................................................................................................................................9 OSCE Sub-Regions Table 1: % Women in lower house of national parliament, OSCE participating
    [Show full text]
  • 547 BACKGROUND of the TUNISIAN REVOLUTION Nebahat TANRIVERDİ* ABSTRACT This Article Discusses the Uprisings in Tunisia by Exami
    Alternative Politics, Vol. 3, No. 3, 547-570, November 2011 547 BACKGROUND OF THE TUNISIAN REVOLUTION Nebahat TANRIVERDİ* ABSTRACT This article discusses the uprisings in Tunisia by examining the country’s historical transition from Ottoman Empire rule to the recent events of today. The main focus of the article is to demonstrate how Tunisia has evolved historically by focusing on the Ottoman Era, French protectorate, early independence years, the transition from one party system to a multiparty system, and opposition movements. In this respect, the article aims to serve for a more effective analysis of recent uprisings and the democratic transition of the country. Key words: Tunisia, Ottoman Empire, France, Economy, Foreign Policy, Uprisings. TUNUS DEVRİMİNİN ARKA PLANI ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı Tunus’taki ayaklanmayı Osmanlı’dan bu yana dönüşüm süreci içerisinde analiz etmektir. Tunus’un Osmanlı’dan, Fransız sömürgeciliğine geçişine ve daha sonra bağımsızlık döneminden çok parti deneyimine kadar olan dönemi ve muhalif hareketleri çalışmanın ana hareket noktalarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, bugünkü ayaklanmaları ve demokrasiye geçiş sürecini tarihsel arka planı da göz önünde bulundurarak değerlendirecektir. Anahtar kelimeler: Tunus, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Fransa, Ekonomi, Dış Politika, İsyanlar. Introduction The ongoing uprisings in the Arab world began in Tunisia, where earlier in 2011 President Ben Ali’s 23-year-rule ended when he fled the country after several weeks of popular protests. The uprising did not subside until the protesters received assurances that politicians associated with Ben Ali’s rule had been excluded from the interim government. The persistence of the Tunisian public was the most determinant aspect behind the transition process, meaning the chances for a successful democratic transition are high.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a New Era in Tunisian Politics: 2014 Parliamentary Elections
    ORSAM REVIEW OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS No.14, OCTOBER 2014 TOWARD A NEW Era IN TUNISIAN POLITICS: 2014 PARLIAMEntary ELECTIONS Nebahat Tanrıverdi YAŞAR Nebahat Tanrıverdi Yaşar is an assistant researcher at ORSAM since 2010. She This fall Tunisians will go to the polls for parliamentary and has been focusing on Egypt, Libya presidential elections which will end the three-year transition and Tunisia, in particular Arab Spring and transformation processes. She period. Tunisia will take an important step forward in the de- completed his undergraduate degree mocratization process with these elections. This study covers in international relations at Hacettepe observations and analysis on the new political map in Tuni- University and her master’s degree in The Middle East Studies at Middle sia which will emerge after parliamentary elections. In this East Technical University. Her master’s context, firstly the electoral system and procedures adopted thesis was entitled “Reconsidering for the 2014 parliamentary elections will be explained. Then, Durability of Authoritarian Regime and Possibilities of Democratization parties and coalitions which are expected to achieve consid- in Tunisia”. She is currently a doctoral erable success as well as experience a large loss compared to student at the International Relations Department of the Middle East Technical the previous election will be examined. Finally, expectations University. and assessments will be discussed. TOWARD A NEW ERA IN TUNISIAN POLITICS: 2014 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ince 2011, Tunisia is
    [Show full text]
  • Key Factors in the Political Development of Democratic Societies Political Parties – Key Factors in the Political Development of Democratic Societies
    POLITICAL PARTIES – KEY FACTORS IN THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES POLITICAL PARTIES – KEY FACTORS IN THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST BUCHAREST, ROMANIA 18–19 OCTOBER 2013 PUBLICATION OF PRESENTATIONS This volume was published with the support of the OSCE Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) and the European Commission for Democracy through Law of the Council of Europe (Venice Commission). The opinions and information it contains do not necessarily reflect the policy and position of OSCE/ODIHR, the Venice Commission or of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania. Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest I. Executive summary 5 Figure 1: Six-Step action plan to promote gender equality in elected office Table of contents II.Trends in women’s representation in elected office in OSCE participating States 10 Figure 2: The proportion of women in the lower house of parliament, 2010 foreword of the editors ....................................................................................................................................................................7 Figure 3: Trends in women’s representation, 1945–2008, World Figure 4: Trends in women’s representation, 1945–2008, opening remarks ...................................................................................................................................................................9 OSCE Sub-Regions Table 1: % Women in lower house of national parliament, OSCE participating
    [Show full text]
  • The Tunisian Exception Profile of a Unique Political Laboratory
    The Tunisian Exception Profile of a unique political laboratory The Monographs of ResetDOC Ben Achour, Benstead, Boughanmi Fanara, Felice, Garnaoui, Hammami Hanau Santini, Nelli Feroci, Zoja edited by Federica Zoja The Monographs of Reset DOC The Monographs of ResetDOC is an editorial series published by Reset-Dialogues on Civilizations, an international association chaired by Giancarlo Bosetti. ResetDOC pro- motes dialogue, intercultural understanding, the rule of law and human rights in var- ious contexts, through the creation and dissemination of the highest quality research in human sciences by bringing together, in conferences and seminars, networks of highly esteemed academics and promising young scholars from a wide variety of back- grounds, disciplines, institutions, nationalities, cultures, and religions. The Monographs of ResetDOC offer a broad range of analyses on topical political, so- cial and cultural issues. The series includes articles published in ResetDOC’s online journal and original essays, as well as conferences and seminars proceedings. The Monographs of ResetDOC promote new insights on cultural pluralism and inter- national affairs. The Tunisian Exception Profile of a unique political laboratory Edited by Federica Zoja Reset Dialogues on Civilizations Scientific and Founding Committee Chair: José Casanova Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (1943-2010), Katajun Amirpur, Abdullahi An-Na’im, Abdou Filali-Ansary, Giancarlo Bosetti, Massimo Campanini, Fred Dallmayr, Silvio Fagiolo (1938-2011), Maria Teresa Fumagalli Beonio Brocchieri, Nina zu Fürstenberg, Timothy Garton Ash, Anthony Giddens, Vartan Gregorian, The Monographs of ResetDOC Renzo Guolo, Hassan Hanafi, Nader Hashemi, Roman Herzog (1934-2017), Ramin Jahanbegloo, Jörg Lau, Amos Luzzatto, Avishai Margalit, Krzysztof Michalski (1948-2013), Andrea Riccardi, Olivier Roy, Publisher Reset-Dialogues on Civilizations Otto Schily, Karl von Schwarzenberg, Bassam Tibi, Roberto Toscano, Via Vincenzo Monti 15, 20123 Milan – Italy Nadia Urbinati, Umberto Veronesi (1925-2016), Michael Walzer.
    [Show full text]