Der Generalplan Ost
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Eastern Europe
NAZI PLANS for EASTE RN EUR OPE A Study of Lebensraum Policies SECRET NAZI PLANS for EASTERN EUROPE A Study of Lebensraum Policies hy Ihor Kamenetsky ---- BOOKMAN ASSOCIATES :: New York Copyright © 1961 by Ihor Kamenetsky Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 61-9850 MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY UNITED PRINTING SERVICES, INC. NEW HAVEN, CONN. TO MY PARENTS Preface The dawn of the twentieth century witnessed the climax of imperialistic competition in Europe among the Great Pow ers. Entrenched in two opposing camps, they glared at each other over mountainous stockpiles of weapons gathered in feverish armament races. In the one camp was situated the Triple Entente, in the other the Triple Alliance of the Central Powers under Germany's leadership. The final and tragic re sult of this rivalry was World War I, during which Germany attempted to realize her imperialistic conception of M itteleuropa with the Berlin-Baghdad-Basra railway project to the Near East. Thus there would have been established a transcontinental highway for German industrial and commercial expansion through the Persian Gull to the Asian market. The security of this highway required that the pressure of Russian imperi alism on the Middle East be eliminated by the fragmentation of the Russian colonial empire into its ethnic components. Germany· planned the formation of a belt of buffer states ( asso ciated with the Central Powers and Turkey) from Finland, Beloruthenia ( Belorussia), Lithuania, Poland to Ukraine, the Caucasus, and even to Turkestan. The outbreak and nature of the Russian Revolution in 1917 offered an opportunity for Imperial Germany to realize this plan. -
1 Dissertation Zum Thema „Geheime Reichssache Auschwitz. Die NS
1 Dissertation zum Thema „Geheime Reichssache Auschwitz. Die NS-Maßnahmen zur Tarnung des Völkermordes an den osteuropäischen Juden.“ eingereicht beim Historischen Seminar der Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften an der Universität Hamburg im November 2013 durch Klaus von Münchhausen Zur Begutachtung durch Herrn Professor Frau Professorin Dr. Frank Golczewski Dr. Monica Rüthers Angenommen am 23. Juni 2014 Disputation am 11. Juli 2014 2 3 Die Hesped-Klage Vom Großonkel des Verfassers dieser Dissertation, dem Dichter Börries, Freiherr von Münchhausen, wurde das Gebet im Gedenken an die Pogromopfer in Kishinew im Jahr 1905 geschrieben. Angesichts der Ereignisse wurde es in den Jahren 1942/1943 mehrfach, auch im Selbstverlag in Altenburg/Chemnitz, veröffentlicht. Hier zum Andenken an die Geschwister Elisabeth und Joachim Jordan und an die Ge- schwister Lily van Vlierden und Heyno Frhr. v. Münchhausen, Opfer der NS-Diktatur. Wem der Tag die Knie müd’ gemacht, Lindes Lager breitet ihm die Nacht. Wer am Tag im Todeskampf erblichen Nacht hat ihm die Falten glatt gestrichen. Namen, die der Tag dem Leben stahl, Hesped nennt sie abends noch einmal, Das Gebet, das Jakobs Samen kennt, Weil es einmal jeden Namen nennt.- Kischinew! Der Tag schrie heiser: Töte! Schamrot war das Rot der Abendröte Bis es vor Entsetzen ist verblichen, Weil so viele Namen ausgestrichen. Kopf an Kopf. Im Tempel glühn die Lichter Und bescheinen blasse Angesichter, Hesped wird gesagt, und alle Toten Werden laut beim Namen aufgeboten Alle Namen, ausgelöscht am Tage, nennt noch einmal das Gebet der Klage: „Rabbi Simon, Judassohn, Löb Schmeien...“ Lange, lange, lange Namensreihen, „Saul Rechmowski, Samuel Abraham...“ Viele Blätter von Jehudas Stamm! Baruch Mose, Sarah und Ruth Trüber...“ Geisterhaft die Namen ziehn vorüber, Vatersnamen, Brüder-, Schwester-Namen,- Schweigend hörens, die zur Feier kamen. -
Holocaust and Genocide 16:1
“Anticipatory Obedience” and the Nazi Implementation of the Holocaust in the Ukraine: A Case Study of Central and Peripheral Forces in the Generalbezirk Zhytomyr, 1941–1944 Wendy Lower Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Numerous recent studies of the Holocaust as it occurred in the occupied So- viet territories have shifted attention from the central German leadership to the role of regional officials and administrators. The following case study offers an example of the ways central Nazi leaders directly and indirectly shaped the Holocaust at the regional level. In Zhytomyr the presence of Himmler, Hitler, and their SS-Police retinues created a unique setting in which the interaction of center and periphery can be traced. On this basis the author argues for the reconsideration of Berlin’s role in regional events generally. Since the appearance of Raul Hilberg’s path-breaking study The Destruction of the European Jews, which masterfully reconstructed the “machinery of destruction” that drove the Holocaust, historians have placed differing emphases on the role of the oper- ative functionaries and the leaders. In the past decade several young German historians (inspired by the work of Götz Aly and the sudden deluge of Nazi material from the former Soviet regional archives) have followed Hilberg’s lead by stressing both the role of district-level leaders in the “Final Solution” and the regional features of the Holo- caust itself. Indeed these scholars have impressively demonstrated the inner workings of what might be called the “regional Holocaust.” Recent Holocaust scholarship has shifted our attention away from the origins of the genocide at the level of state policy to the role of regional leaders and events on the ground in the former Soviet Union. -
Isabel Heinemann >>Rasse, Siedlung, Deutsches Blut<<
Isabel Heinemann >>Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut<< Das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die rassenpolitische Neuordnung Europas WALLSTEIN VERLAG Inhalt 9 Einleitung i 1 Das Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt der SS und die SS-Rasseexperten 19 »Rasse«und »Siedlung«:Das Prinzip der »rassischenAuslese« und die Versuche ethnischer Neuordnung durch Umsiedlung als Kernelemente nationalsozialistischer Politik - 33 Die SS und die nationalsozialistische Vernichtungspolitik: Forschungsstand - 42 Fragestellung, Quellen, und Aufbau 49 I. Vom Rassenamt der SS zum Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt: Rassenauslese, SS-Sippengemeinschaft, Siedlungspolitik I932 -1938 50 Rassenauslese und Heiratsgenehmigungen in der SS - 62 Welt- anschauliche Schulung, SS-Siedlung und der Aufbau der Fachämter 73 Mitarbeiterrekrutierung und die Rolle des RuSHA innerhalb des »neuen Ordens«: »Mund und Hirn der SS« - 76 Das RuSHA und die Entstehung der Nürnberger Gesetze 1934/35 - 88 Germanenforschung und Ausbau der ideologischen Grundlagen: Der Verein »Ahnenerbe« 91 Praktische Schulung: SS-Mannschaftshäuser, SS-Leithefte und Schulung der Polizei - I 01 Im Dienste der >>SS-Sippengemeinschaft<<: »Lebensborn«e.V und SS-Pflegestellen - 112 1938 als Einschnitt: Der Abgang Darres und der Beginn einer stärker praxisorientierten SS-Rassenpolitik - I 19 Neue Raume für die SS-Siedlungspolitik: Österreich und Sudetenland - i 24 Zwischenbilanz: Die ideologische Konditionierung und Homogenisierung der SS und das Modell der SS-Rassenauslese 127 11. Germanisierungspolitik in Böhmen und Mähren -
The Master Plan: Himmler's Scholars and the Holocaust Heather Pringle
1 The Master Plan: Himmler’s Scholars and the Holocaust Heather Pringle Chapter 1: Foreign Affairs 1. What was the Ahnenerbe? Who founded it and why did they do it? 2. The Ahnenerbe engaged in what sorts of activities? Chapter 2: The Reader 1. What was Heinrich Himmler like as a person? 2. What was Heinrich Himmler’s family background? Describe the relationship between Heinrich Himmler and his father Gebhard and how it affected his education and his politics. 3. How did Himmler come into contact with the Nazi party? Why was he attracted to the Nazi movement and how did he begin to move up in the organization? Terms (definition and significance): o Tacitus o Nibelungenlied o Houston Steward Chamberlain Chapter 3: Aryans 1. Describe the history of the concept of “race.” How did the nature of the concept of “race” help the Nazis? 2 2. Describe the evolution of Aryanism from the mid-eighteenth century to the 1920s. Terms (definition and significance): o James Parsons o Sir William Jones o Fredrich Schlegel o Theodor Benfey o Nordic Race o Hans F. K. Günther Chapter 4: Death’s-Head 1. How did Heinrich Himmler become the head of the SS and how did he transform that organization? 2. What did the Artamanen and Richard Walther Darré contribute to Himmler’s plans to transform the SS and Germany society? 3. How did Himmler conduct racial classification and how did he match the Aryan ideals himself? 4. What was the purpose of the “education offensive” and how was it conducted? Terms (definition and significance): o RuSHA o SS-Leitheft o Nordic Academy o Karl-Maria Wiligut o Weisthor o Wewelburg Chapter 5: Making Stones Speak 1. -
Űber-Peasants and National Socialist Settlements in the Occupied
DEM SCHWERTE MUSS DER PFLUG FOLGEN: ŰBER-PEASANTS AND NATIONAL SOCIALIST SETTLEMENTS IN THE OCCUPIED EASTERN TERRITORIES DURI NG WORLD WAR TWO Simone C. De Santiago Ramos, M.S. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: Alfred C. Mierzejewski, Major Professor Marilyn Morris, Committee Member Denis Paz, Committee Member Adrian Lewis, Chair of the Department of History Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies De Santiago Ramos, Simone C. Dem Schwerte Muss Der Pflug Folgen: Űber- Peasants and National Socialist Settlements in the Occupied Eastern Territories during World War Two. Master of Arts (History), May 2007, 100 pp., 1 table, 4 figures, references, 273 titles. German industrialization in the nineteenth century had brought forward a variety of conflicting ideas when it came to the agrarian community. One of them was the agrarian romantic movement led by Adam Műller, who feared the loss of the traditional German peasant. Műller influenced Reichdeutsche Richard Walther Darré, who argued that large cities were the downfall of the German people and that only a healthy peasant stock would be able to ‘save’ Germany. Under Darré’s definition, “Geopolitik” was the defense of the land, the defense with Pflug und Schwert (plow and sword) by Wehrbauern, an ‘Űberbauer-fusion’ of soldier and peasant. In order to accomplish these goals, new settlements had to be established while moving from west to east. The specific focus of this study is on the original Hegewald resettlement ideas of Richard Walther Darré and how his philosophy was taken over by Himmler and fit into his personal needs and creed after 1941. -
Colonialism, National-Socialism and the Holocaust: on Modern Ways of Dealing with Deviance Wiebke Keim
Chapter 4: Colonialism, National-Socialism and the Holocaust: On modern ways of dealing with deviance Wiebke Keim To cite this version: Wiebke Keim. Chapter 4: Colonialism, National-Socialism and the Holocaust: On modern ways of dealing with deviance. Gauging and Engaging Deviance, 1600-2000, 2014, 978-93-82381-31-0. halshs- 01091133 HAL Id: halshs-01091133 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01091133 Submitted on 4 Dec 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Chapter 4: Colonialism, National-Socialism and the Holocaust: An essay on modern ways of dealing with deviance Wiebke Keim1 – Manuscript – In: Sitas, Ari; Keim, Wiebke; Damodaran, Sumangala; Trimikliniotis, Nicos; Garba, Faisal (2014): Gauging and engaging deviance. 1600-2000. Delhi: Tulika Press: 109-188 The central question of this chapter is about socio-historical implications of colonialism for ways of dealing with deviance in the metropoles. Postcolonial studies metaphorically talk about the colonies as “laboratories” of modern societies (Conrad 2008: 90). Indeed, a series of political reforms and interventions aiming at society as a whole or, to put it more strongly, at creating the “ideal society”, have been experimented with in the colonies. -
Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:42 01 October 2016 Hitler’S Brudervolk
Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:42 01 October 2016 Hitler’s Brudervolk This is the fi rst academic book on Dutch colonial aspirations and initiatives during WWII. Between the summers of 1941 and 1944, some 5,500 Dutch men and women left their occupied homeland to fi nd employment in the so-called German Occupied Eastern Territories: Belarus, the Baltic coun- tries and parts of Ukraine. This was the area designated for colonization by Germanic people. It was also the stage of the “Holocaust by Bullets,” a centrally coordinated policy of exploitation and oppression and a ruthless anti-partisan war. This book seeks to answer why the Dutch decided to go there, how their recruitment, transfer and stay were organized, and how they reacted to this scene of genocidal violence. It is a close-up study of racial monomania, of empire-building on the old continent and of collabo- ration in Nazi-occupied Europe. Geraldien von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel is Assistant Professor of History at Utrecht University. Downloaded by [New York University] at 12:42 01 October 2016 Routledge Studies in Modern European History 1 Facing Fascism 8 From Slave Trade to Empire The Conservative Party and the European Colonisation of Black European dictators 1935–1940 Africa 1780s–1880s Nick Crowson Edited by Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau 2 French Foreign and Defence Policy, 1918–1940 9 The Russian Revolution The Decline and Fall of a Great of 1905 Power Centenary Perspectives Edited by Robert Boyce Edited by Anthony Heywood and Jonathan D. Smele 3 Britain and the Problem of International Disarmament 10 Weimar Cities 1919–1934 The Challenge of Urban Carolyn Kitching Modernity in Germany John Bingham 4 British Foreign Policy 1874–1914 The Role of India 11 The Nazi Party and Sneh Mahajan the German Foreign Offi ce 5 Racial Theories in Fascist Italy Hans-Adolf Jacobsen Aaron Gilette and Arthur L. -
Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
/ GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 2. Office of the Reich Commissioner for the Strenthening of Germandom The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1958 .This finding aid, prepared under the direction of the Committee for the Study of War Documents of the American Historical Association, has been reproduced by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this list has been deposited in the National Archives by the American Historical Association and may be identified as Microcopy No, T-74. It may be consulted at the National Archives, Those desiring to purchase microfilm should write to the Exhibits and Publications Branch, National Archives, Washington 25, D. C. Price List for the Microfilmed Records of the Reich Commissioner for the Strei National Archives Microcopy No. T-74 LITERARY RIGHTS TO ROTATE PAPERS Microfilm copies of one or more rolls of the microfilm may be purchased at the prices listed of 8 cents for each foot of microfilm, with all prices rounded off to the nearest dollar. A minii Some of the papers reproduced on the 10-percent discount is given on orders for more than ^1,000 and a 15-percent discount on orders f< microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of Checks or money orders for microfilm should be made payable to the General Services Administi private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original Archives, Washington 25, D. -
United States National Archives and Records Administration (Hereafter NARA), Record Group (RG) 242, T-175, Roll (R) 233
THE HOLOCAUST AND COLONIALISM IN UKRAINE: A CASE STUDY OF THE GENERALBEZIRK ZHYTOMYR, UKRAINE, 1941–1944 Wendy Lower In the last decade, research on the Holocaust has shifted from examining the origins of the genocide at the level of state policy to events on the ground in the former Soviet Union. The Soviet Union’s collapse allowed historians to study Nazi documents held for nearly five decades in former Soviet state and Communist Party archives. My work on the Holocaust in Zhytomyr, Ukraine, exemplifies this shift toward a regional view of the Holocaust. It examines how the mass murder occurred outside the killing centers in Nazi-occupied Poland and emphasizes the role of German leaders in the “periphery” Holocaust as well as the direct participation of the non-Jewish indigenous population. Rather than recount Zhytomyr’s Holocaust history chronologically, this article focuses on two themes in that history and how events in Zhytomyr shed light on them. The first is the origins of the Holocaust in summer and fall of 1941; the second is the place of Nazi anti-Jewish policy within a framework of German resettlement policies and colonization of Eastern Europe. Why focus on these themes? For years, the debate over the origins of the “Final Solution” has concentrated on the timing of Hitler’s decision to pursue a genocidal solution to the “Jewish Question.” Close examination of the radicalization of anti- Jewish violence in places such as Zhytomyr offers a bottom-up instead of top-down view of that process. This local perspective helps explain how the Nazi mass murder campaign actually began and was able to expand, ultimately resulting in the deaths of over 1 million Jews who resided within the borders of the Ukraine.1 My second theme, Nazi population policies, explores a recent empirical development inspired by the pioneering research of Götz Aly.2 Aly has looked most closely at the causal links between the deportation of Jews and resettlement of ethnic Germans in wartime Poland. -
Generalplan Ost, Juni 1942
Generalplan Ost, Juni 1942 Zusammenfassung Am Generalplan Ost läßt sich exemplarisch zeigen, wie eng Vernichtung und Neuordnung, Vertreibung und Siedlungsplanung in Osteuropa während des Zweiten Weltkriegs miteinander verschränkt waren und wie deutsche Wissenschaftler und Experten einen Völkermord gigantischen Ausmaßes zu billigen und zu unterstützen bereit waren. Vertreibung und Vernichtung setzten die Planungen bereits voraus: Die diversen Versionen des Generalplans Ost kalkulierten die Abwesenheit mehrerer Millionen Menschen schlichtweg als feste Größe ein. Konrad Meyer, federführender Verfasser der Pläne, sowie seine Mitarbeiter und Kollegen konnten ihren Anteil nach 1945 erfolgreich verschleiern und ihre Karrieren in der Bundesrepublik fortsetzen. Einleitung Der Mord an den Juden und die Siedlungs- und Neuordnungsplanungen im Osten Europas während des Zweiten Weltkrieges, deren Rahmen die diversen Varianten des Generalplans Ost absteckten, griffen ineinander und waren untrennbar durch die Klammer rassenpolitischer Zielsetzungen verbunden. Nach dem Beginn des deutschen Rußlandfeldzuges rechneten die Rasse- und Siedlungsexperten der SS damit, daß ihnen nach dem erwarteten Sieg neue, riesige Räume zur Besiedlung und zur wirtschaftlichen Ausbeutung zur Verfügung stehen würden. Hier setzten die verschiedenen Versionen des "Generalplans Ost" an, die in den Jahren 1941 und 1942 im Planungsamt des Reichskommissars für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums (RKF) und im Reichssicherheitshauptamt entstanden. Nur zwei Tage nach dem Überfall auf -
Einzelveröffentlichungen Der Historischen Kommission Zu Berlin Band 80
EINZELVERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DER HISTORISCHEN KOMMISSION ZU BERLIN BAND 80 VOM GENERALPLAN OST ZUM GENERALSIEDLUNGSPLAN Herausgegeben von CZEStAW MADAJCZYK unter Mitarbeit von STANISLAW BIERNACKI, KARIN BORCK, HANS HENNING HAHN, ELIGIUSZ JANUS, BLANKA MEISSNER UND MICHAEL G. MÜLLER K · G · SÄUR MÜNCHEN · NEW PROVIDENCE · LONDON · PARIS 1994 Gedmckt mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg Die Schriftenreihe der Historischen Kommission Zu Berlin erscheint mit Unterstützung der Senatsverwaltung für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Berlin. Lektorat der Schriftenreihe Christian Schädlich Thomas Revering Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufhahme Vom Generalplan Ost zum Generalsiedlungsplan ·. Dokumente / hrsg. von Czestaw Madajczyk unter Mitarb. von Stanisfaw Biernacki ... - München ; New Providence ; London ; Paris : Säur, 1994 (Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin ; Bd. 80) ISBN 3-598-23224-1 NE: Madajczyk, Czeslaw [Hrsg.]; Historische Kommission <Berlin>: Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen ... Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All Rights strictly Reserved K. G. Säur Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München 1994 A Reed Reference Publishing Company Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany Satz: Historische Kommission zu Berlin, Berlin Druck: Strauss Offsetdruck, Mörlenbach Binden: Thomas Buchbinderei GmbH, Augsburg ISBN 3-598-23224-1 EINLEITUNG Die herausjagende Bedeutung des Generalplans Ost für die Zeitgeschichte ist unbestritten. Sowohl