Paramita Nomor 2 2016

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Paramita Nomor 2 2016 Paramita:Paramita: Historical Historical Studies Studies Journal, Journal, 26 (2),26(2), 2016: 2016 144-154 ISSN: 0854-0039, E-ISSN: 2407-5825 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v26i2.7176 SULTAN ISKANDAR DJABIR SYAH: FROM MALINO CONFERENCE TO THE MINISTER OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF NEGARA INDONESIA TIMUR Rustam Hasyim Program Doktor Ilmu-Ilmu Humaniora Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada; Program Studi PKn FKIP Universitas Khairun Ternate ABSTRACT ABSTRAK This study aims to reconstruct the political Fokus kajian ini menguraikan beberapa peri- participation of Iskandar Djabir Syah (the stiwa politik yang melibatkan Iskandar Djabir 47 th Sultan of Ternate) in the establishment of Syah seperti konferensi Malino dan Denpasar the State of Eastern Indonesia. The results hingga terpilih menjadi menteri dalam negeri showed that: (1) the participation of Sultan of Indonesia Timur pada periode 1949-1950. Ternate Iskandar Djabir Syah in the unitary Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1). Partisipasi state started in the early independence of the Sultan Ternate Iskandar Djabir Syah dalam Republic of Indonesia; it was characterized by negara kesatuan dimulai sejak awal ke- conducting Malino and Denpasar conferences merdekaan Republik Indonesia, ditandai in 1946. The establishment of the Eastern In- dengan diselengarakannya konperensi Malino donesia State became the political inspiration dan Denpasar 1946. Terbentuknya Negara for Iskandar Djabir Syah to involve as the sen- Indonesia Timur kemudian menjadi inspirasi ate member of the Eastern Indonesia State/ politik bagi Iskandar Jabir Syah untuk meli- NIT representing North Maluku, as well as batkan diri sebagai anggota senat NIT me- one of its designers. (2) As one of the leaders wakili Maluku Utara, sekaligus merupakan who agreed to the idea of van Mook to form a salah satu disainernya. (2). Sebagai salah satu federalist country in the Malino and Denpasar tokoh yang menyetujui gagasan van Mook conference, so that when the Eastern Indone- untuk membentuk negera federalis dalam sia State was formed, he was appointed as the konperensi Malino dan Denpasar, sehingga Minister of Internal Affairs in the cabinet of ketika terbentuknya Negara Indonesia Timur J.E. Tatengkeng for 1949 to 1950 periods. (3) diangkat menjadi Menteri Dalam Negeri pada Malino to Denpasar Conference in 1946 that kabinet J.E. Tatengkeng periode 1949-1950. was initiated by H.J. van Mook was the Dutch (3). Konferensi Malino hingga Denpasar pada effort to establish the states in order to realize tahun 1946 yang diprakarsai oleh H.J. van the United States of Indonesia ( Republik Mook merupakan upaya Belanda mendirikan Indonesia Serikat /RIS) based on Linggarjati negara–negara bagian dalam rangka Agreement. At the conference, it was formed mewujudkan Negara Indonesia Serikat (RIS) the Eastern Indonesia State ( Negara Indonesia berdasarkan Persetujuan Lingarjati. Dalam Timur /NIT) covering the areas of Sulawesi, konferensi tersebut dibentuklah Negara Indo- Small Sunda (Bali and Nusa Tenggara) and nesia Timur (NIT) meliputi wilayah Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands. Sunda Kecil (Bali dan Nusa Tenggara) dan Kepulauan Maluku. Keywords: Iskandar Djabir Syah, Political History, Malino and Denpasar Conferences. Kata Kunci: Iskandar Djabir Syah, Sejarah Politik, Konperenesi Malino, Konperenesi Denpasar Author correspondence Email: rustamhasyim@gmail.com 144 Available online at http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/paramita Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 26(2), 2016 INTRODUCTION vated the social location of kawula as sub- ordinated to citizenship. Second, the sys- Iskandar Djabir Syah was the 46 th sultan tem of economic relations woven with its of Ternate. He was born on March 4 th , subordinate became loosing due to the 1902. He was the second child of seven implementation of agrarian law political children from Usman Syah (the 45 th Sultan which advocated land privatization and of Ternate) and the daughter of Mihir the shift in the predominant production of (nobility Susupu). His formal education feudal to capitalist production system. began in 1912 by entering the Malay Third, the traditional values of the tradi- School (Primary School) in Ternate. After tional elite tended to be astrictive had to graduating from elementary Malay in face the meritocratic values brought by 1915, he continued to Europese Lagere modernity, for example, positions in the School (Junior High School) in Ternate, bureaucracy were no longer as something but did not complete his study because he inherent but might be based on specific followed his father, Sultan Usman, who competency. was exiled by the Dutch to London for his Facing those changes, Sultanate of alleged involvement in Bellion Jailolo Ternate should decide whether following (West Halmahera). In 1917, Iskandar Dja- the logic of Soekarno’s power by taking bir Syah attended a school in Batavia. part in the national political arena or op- During his studying in Batavia, he met posing him by participating in political many friends who introduced him to a movement following Van Mook's concept political movement. Agus Salim, a promi- of the nation state. Kinds of form and sys- nent figure at PSI, invited him to join PSI, tem which should replace the system con- a political organization in 1920 to 1925. ducted during the colonial were a heated From this organization, Iskandar Djabir discussion among politicians. There were Syah enriched his political education two popular views, namely, the view of which greatly influenced his political view those nationalists who believed that the in the future. unity of the Indonesian state depended on At the time of Sukarno and Hatta the strength of the central control; mean- proclaimed the Indonesia's independence while Iskandar DjabirSyah believed Indo- on August 17, 1945, this era was marked nesia should appear as an egalitarian dem- as the beginning of new ideological and ocratic state by giving wider autonomy to political struggle between the nobility and the provinces (particularly in the eastern the anti-self-governing groups ( republican Indonesia). vs swapraja ) in the Sultanate of Ternate. As a Sultan who had a traditional Political legitimacy, economic and cultur- authority over the East coast of Sulawesi al position should have provided wider (Butonand Bangai) to the north of West opportunity and certain level of social lo- Papua, Seram and North Maluku which cation for the nobility after the independ- consisted of natural and geographical di- ence. However, the emergence of nation- versity, and cultural conditions, he be- alism blew the nobility's perception of in- lieved that it was certainly very difficult to dependence since the construction of a unite all the diversities into the centralized state ideology of nationalism emphasized unitary state. Therefore,SultanIskandar loyalty to the new nation. As a result, the Djabir took a decision to be part of Senate presence of the new nation state of Indo- of NIT representing North Maluku when nesia threated the three pillars of political participating at a conference in Malino and economic supremacy, namely; first, and then in Denpasar in 1946. These con- the political and economic relations be- ferences were concerning the establish- tween the nobles and their subordinates ment of the federation state of Indonesia were demolished by the new government's initiated by van Mook. adaptation of the ideological state nation- alism. The emergence of new system ele- 145 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 26(2), 2016 MALINO CONFERENCE: THE 32). EMBRYO OF NIT Conceptually, the idea of van Mook about the federal state was not a new thing Based on the approval obtained from the for Iskandar Muhammad Djabir Syah. Dutch Government, van Mookcarried out The concept of a federal state was not a conference in Malino on July 16 to 24, much different from the system of govern- 1946 in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The ment, which had been long adopted by the decision of this conference was to conduct many Sultanates of Ternate. In the struc- a conference in Makassar due to several ture of the sultanate of Ternate ( Maloko speculative and conspiratorial considera- Kie Raha ), each kingdom under his control tions. Geographically, Makassar was con- took care of its own Internal Affairs. sidered relatively far away from the con- While the outside affairs, especially the trol of the new government of Indonesia. military and financial affairs, were con- During that time, Eastern part of Indone- trolled by the board of eighteen, which sia was occupied by the Australian Army consisted of representatives from four on behalf of the Allies which was political- kingdoms. They were the government rep- ly and security benefit. The conference resentatives and the military representa- was attended by 39 members of the Senate tives plus other delegates. With the recog- of 15 areas such as: Bali, Lombok, Riau, nition and guarantee of van Mook, the South Sulawesi, Bangka Belitung, Borneo, government’s form of the Republic of the East Borneo, North Maluku, Minahasa, United Indonesia became the warranty in Sangir Talaud, Gorontalo, Central Sula- managing the harmonization and ensuring wesi, Neeuw Guinea (Irian), Flores, Ti- the public justice. Therefore, the islands in mor, Sumba, Sumbawa, South Borneo, the rim of Republic of United Indonesia and South Maluku. The conference aimed and the rural areas which were remote at discussing the formation of the state from the central and they became freer to federation in Indonesia as well as the es- develop themselves. In addition, the con- tablishment of the state covering the areas cept of federal state gave the space to the in eastern Indonesia (Amal, 2007:211). kings in the eastern Indonesia to seize In Malino conference, van Mook their power (Djafaar, 2005: 114). offered the structural form of the federa- Malino Conference in July 16 to 24, tion state provided that the part areas that 1946 was the foundation of forming of the would be the components of the federa- state of Eastern Indonesia (Negara tion might be the wide areas and had the Indonesia Timur/NIT).
Recommended publications
  • Sultan Zainal Abidin Syah: from the Kingdomcontents of Tidore to the Republic of Indonesia Foreword
    TAWARIKH:TAWARIKH: Journal Journal of Historicalof Historical Studies Studies,, VolumeVolume 12(1), 11(2), October April 2020 2020 Volume 11(2), April 2020 p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284 ABDUL HARIS FATGEHIPON & SATRIONO PRIYO UTOMO Sultan Zainal Abidin Syah: From the KingdomContents of Tidore to the Republic of Indonesia Foreword. [ii] JOHANABSTRACT: WAHYUDI This paper& M. DIEN– using MAJID, the qualitative approach, historical method, and literature review The– discussesHajj in Indonesia Zainal Abidin and Brunei Syah as Darussalam the first Governor in XIX of – WestXX AD: Irian and, at the same time, as Sultan of A ComparisonTidore in North Study Maluku,. [91-102] Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the political process of the West Irian struggle will not have an important influence in the Indonesian revolution without the MOHAMMADfirmness of the IMAM Tidore FARISI Sultanate, & ARY namely PURWANTININGSIH Sultan Zainal Abidin, Syah. The assertion given by Sultan TheZainal September Abidin 30 Syahth Movement in rejecting and the Aftermath results of in the Indonesian KMB (Konferensi Collective Meja Memory Bundar or Round Table andConference) Revolution: in A 1949, Lesson because for the the Nation KMB. [103-128]sought to separate West Irian from Indonesian territory. The appointment of Zainal Abidin Syah as Sultan took place in Denpasar, Bali, in 1946, and his MARYcoronation O. ESERE, was carried out a year later in January 1947 in Soa Sio, Tidore. Zainal Abidin Syah was Historicalas the first Overview Governor of ofGuidance West Irian, and which Counselling was installed Practices on 23 inrd NigeriaSeptember. [129-142] 1956. Ali Sastroamidjojo’s Cabinet formed the Province of West Irian, whose capital was located in Soa Sio.
    [Show full text]
  • From Paradise Lost to Promised Land: Christianity and the Rise of West
    School of History & Politics & Centre for Asia Pacific Social Transformation Studies (CAPSTRANS) University of Wollongong From Paradise Lost to Promised Land Christianity and the Rise of West Papuan Nationalism Susanna Grazia Rizzo A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) of the University of Wollongong 2004 “Religion (…) constitutes the universal horizon and foundation of the nation’s existence. It is in terms of religion that a nation defines what it considers to be true”. G. W. F. Hegel, Lectures on the of Philosophy of World History. Abstract In 1953 Aarne Koskinen’s book, The Missionary Influence as a Political Factor in the Pacific Islands, appeared on the shelves of the academic world, adding further fuel to the longstanding debate in anthropological and historical studies regarding the role and effects of missionary activity in colonial settings. Koskinen’s finding supported the general view amongst anthropologists and historians that missionary activity had a negative impact on non-Western populations, wiping away their cultural templates and disrupting their socio-economic and political systems. This attitude towards mission activity assumes that the contemporary non-Western world is the product of the ‘West’, and that what the ‘Rest’ believes and how it lives, its social, economic and political systems, as well as its values and beliefs, have derived from or have been implanted by the ‘West’. This postulate has led to the denial of the agency of non-Western or colonial people, deeming them as ‘history-less’ and ‘nation-less’: as an entity devoid of identity. But is this postulate true? Have the non-Western populations really been passive recipients of Western commodities, ideas and values? This dissertation examines the role that Christianity, the ideology of the West, the religion whose values underlies the semantics and structures of modernisation, has played in the genesis and rise of West Papuan nationalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Ritual and Reflexes of Lost Sovereignty in Sikka, a Regency of Flores in Eastern Indonesia
    E.D. LEWIS Ritual and reflexes of lost sovereignty in Sikka, a regency of Flores in eastern Indonesia In 1993 some among the Sikkanese population of the town of Maumere on the north coast of Flores in eastern Indonesia attended a ritual to reconcile the members of two branches of the family of the rajas of Sikka, a dynasty that had once ruled the district.1 The two branches had fallen out over differences in opinion about the last succession to the office of raja a few years before the end of the rajadom in the late 1950s. A description of the ritual, which was conducted in an urban rather than a village setting, and an analysis of the performance demonstrate much about the persistence of elements of the old Sikkanese religion in modern Sikkanese society. The contemporary Sikkanese are Christians and the regency of Sikka is part of the modern Indonesian nation-state. Thus the performance of a ritual of the old Sikkanese religion in urban Maumere is sufficiently interesting to merit attention. But when seen in relation to events that unfolded during the final years of the rajadom of Sikka, the ritual reveals the continuing importance of ideas about Sikka’s past sovereignty in contemporary Sikkanese affairs and suggests that conceptions of polity, rulership, and the idea of Sikkanese sovereignty are still in force two generations after the era of Sikkanese political sovereignty ended. 1 This essay was conceived while I was a visitor at the Institutt for Sosialantropologi of the University of Bergen, Norway, from 15 January to 15 July 2004, and was completed in draft during a season of fieldwork on Flores in January–February 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • VOC in East Indies 1600 – 1800 the Path to Dominance
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Social Studies Department of International Relations and European Studies The Dutch Trading Company – VOC In East Indies 1600 – 1800 The Path to Dominance Master Thesis Supervisor: Author: Mgr. et Mgr. Oldřich Krpec, Ph.D Prilo Sekundiari Brno, 2015 0 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis I submit for assessment is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Date : Signature ………………… 1 Abstract: Since the arrival of the European in Asia, the economic condition in Asia especially in Southeast Asia has changed drastically. The European trading company such the Dutch’s VOC competing with the other traders from Europe, Asia, and local traders for dominance in the trading sphere in East Indies. In 17th century, the Dutch’s VOC gained its golden age with its dominance in East Indies. The purpose of this thesis is to find out what was the cause of the VOC success during its time. Keywords: VOC, Dutch, Company, Politics, Economy, Military, Conflicts, East Indies, Trade, Spices, Dominance Language used: English 2 Acknowledgements: I would like to thank my supervisor, Mgr. et Mgr. Oldřich Krpec, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Djoko Suryo for all of his advices, matur nuwun... My friends; Tek Jung Mahat, and Weronika Lazurek. Thank you.... Prilo Sekundiari 3 Table of Contents Glossary________________________________________________________6 Introduction_____________________________________________________8 1. Background and Historical Setting 1.1. Geographical Condition___________________________________12 1.1.1. Sumatera ______________________________________________13 1.1.2. Kalimantan____________________________________________ 15 1.1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indonesian Coin Strategy: Failures and Alternative Approaches in Overcoming the Papuan Insurgency
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2015-12 The Indonesian coin strategy: failures and alternative approaches in overcoming the Papuan insurgency Afriandi, Djon Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/47944 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE INDONESIAN COIN STRATEGY: FAILURES AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES IN OVERCOMING THE PAPUAN INSURGENCY by Djon Afriandi December 2015 Thesis Advisor: Douglas Borer Second Reader: George Lober Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) December 2015 Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS THE INDONESIAN COIN STRATEGY: FAILURES AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES IN OVERCOMING THE PAPUAN INSURGENCY 6. AUTHOR(S) Djon Afriandi 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8.
    [Show full text]
  • State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia
    State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia Approximately one million innocent Indonesians were killed by their fellow nationals, neighbours and kin at the height of an anti-communist campaign in the mid-1960s. This book investigates the profound political consequences of these mass killings in Indonesia upon public life in the subsequent decades, highlighting the historical speci®cities of the violence and compar- able incidents of identity politics in more recent times. Weaving a balance of theory with an empirically based analysis, the book examines how the spectre of communism and the trauma experienced in the latter half of the 1960s remain critical in understanding the dynamics of terror, coercion and consent today. Heryanto challenges the general belief that the periodic anti-communist witch-hunts of recent Indonesian history are largely a political tool used by a powerful military elite and authoritarian government. The book investigates what drove otherwise apolitical subjects to be complicit in the engul®ng cycles of witch-hunts. It argues that elements of what began as an anti-communist campaign took on a life of their own, increasingly operating independently of the violence and individual subjects who appeared to be manipulating the campaigns in the 1980s and 1990s. Despite the profound importance of the 1965±6 events it remains one of the most dicult and sensitive topics for public discussion in Indonesia today. State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia is one of the ®rst books to fully discuss the problematic representation and impacts of a crucial moment of Indonesia's history that until recently has been largely unspoken.
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section H
    H (The sound) H.P. 15 (Bomber) Giha (African people) [P235.5] USE Handley Page V/1500 (Bomber) Ikiha (African people) BT Consonants H.P. 42 (Transport plane) Kiha (African people) Phonetics USE Handley Page H.P. 42 (Transport plane) Waha (African people) H-2 locus H.P. 80 (Jet bomber) BT Ethnology—Tanzania UF H-2 system USE Victor (Jet bomber) Hāʾ (The Arabic letter) BT Immunogenetics H.P. 115 (Supersonic plane) BT Arabic alphabet H 2 regions (Astrophysics) USE Handley Page 115 (Supersonic plane) HA 132 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE H II regions (Astrophysics) H.P.11 (Bomber) USE Hambach 132 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-2 system USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) HA 500 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE H-2 locus H.P.12 (Bomber) USE Hambach 500 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-8 (Computer) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) HA 512 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE Heathkit H-8 (Computer) H.P.50 (Bomber) USE Hambach 512 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-19 (Military transport helicopter) USE Handley Page Heyford (Bomber) HA 516 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE Chickasaw (Military transport helicopter) H.P. Sutton House (McCook, Neb.) USE Hambach 516 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-34 Choctaw (Military transport helicopter) USE Sutton House (McCook, Neb.) Ha-erh-pin chih Tʻung-chiang kung lu (China) USE Choctaw (Military transport helicopter) H.R. 10 plans USE Ha Tʻung kung lu (China) H-43 (Military transport helicopter) (Not Subd Geog) USE Keogh plans Ha family (Not Subd Geog) UF Huskie (Military transport helicopter) H.R.D. motorcycle Here are entered works on families with the Kaman H-43 Huskie (Military transport USE Vincent H.R.D.
    [Show full text]
  • On Behalf of the Federal State Republic of West Papua
    I. INTRODUCTION 1. This communication is hereby submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Council (the ‘Council’ or the ‘HRC’) pursuant to HRC Resolution 5/1 by Professor Göran Sluiter2 and Andrew Ianuzzi3 on behalf of the Federal State Republic of West Papua (Negara Republik Federal Papua Barat) (the ‘NRFPB’) and its president Forkorus Yaboisembut, as well as on behalf of nineteen unnamed citizens of West Papua4 (collectively, the ‘Complainants’). 2. Situated at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago, West Papua occupies the western half of the island of New Guinea.5 The land of West Papua is currently comprised of two provinces, Papua and West Papua. Tanah Papua, as it is known in Indonesian, has been forcibly occupied by the Indonesian government since 1963. While the territory ‘may only be a swim and walk away from Australia, […] it may as well be the dark side of the moon. [It] is [largely] a secret story, hidden from the world by the vagaries of geopolitics and a policy that keeps foreign journalists, human rights workers, and even diplomats out’.6 Papua’s diverse population, ‘with more than 200 distinct indigenous ethnic groups and a large population of migrants from elsewhere in Indonesia, struggles with some of the lowest development indicators in the country’.7 And the ongoing dispute over who should rightly control the land and resources of West Papua is ‘the Pacific’s longest-running political conflict’.8 2 Professor Sluiter holds a chair in international criminal law at the Faculty of Law at the University of Amsterdam and is a partner at the Amsterdam law firm of Prakken d’Oliveira Human Rights Lawyers.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 4 Islamization in Bolaang-Mongondow
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/65631 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Lopez, A.C. Title: Conversion and Colonialism: Islam and Christianity in North Sulawesi, c. 1700- 1900 Issue Date: 2018-09-18 CHAPTER 4 Islamization in Bolaang-Mongondow This chapter explores the causation of conversions to Islam in Bolaang-Mongondow. It argues that colonial state centralization through the imposition of monetary and census-based taxes (hasil) was the main driving force for the first-recorded and perhaps most crucial mass conversions to Islam in the densely populated highlands (Mongondow). Although references to earlier elite and non-elite conversions to Islam exist, they appear to be few and isolated. Islam—like Christianity before it—seems to have functioned initially as an elite instrument to connect with influential foreign figures and to differentiate the elite from the rest of the population. For example, the unprecedented authority accorded by the colonial state to the raja of Bolaang-Mongondow in the 1850s allowed him to circumvent his peers. He promoted Islamic conversions at the same time that he was instituting monetary taxation. His policy tended to undercut the political, economic, and religious dominance of his peers by becoming the supreme leader—the sultan—of Bolaang-Mongondow’s by then Islamized peoples. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first two sections emphasize that Christianity, and later Islam, tended to be absorbed by long-existing hierarchies based on kinship and status. This might explain why Christianity was limited to the political class and why there was a seeming late reception to Islam in Bolaang-Mongondow despite the increasing Islamic resurgence in the broader region from the late eighteenth century onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Placed PDF.Indd
    Pacific Affairs Vol. 80, No. 1 SPRING 2007 PAGE East Asian Environmental Co-operation: Central Pessimism, Local Optimism Sangbum Shin 9 Building Peace or Following the Leader? Japan’s Peace Consolidation Diplomacy Julie Gilson 27 Informed Consent and Mining Projects: A View from Papua New Guinea Martha Macintyre 49 An Incomplete Arc: Analyzing the Potential for Violent Conflict in the Republic Abby McLeod and of Vanuatu Michael Morgan 67 Book Reviews (listed on pp. 4-6) 87 Copyright © 2007, University of British Columbia ISSN 0030-851X Publications Mail Registration No. 07775 GST No. R108161779 PRINTED IN CANADA Recycled Paper 1 Papier Recyclé Pacific Affairs: Volume 80, No. 1 – Spring 2007 ABSTRACTS The East Asian Environmental Cooperation: Central Pessimism, Local Optimism Sangbum Shin This paper examines the regional environmental co-operation in East Asia at the local government level, focusing on the intercity environmental co-operation be- tween the two cities in Japan and China—Kitakyushu and Dalian—as a case. Theo- retically, this case demonstrates the dynamic nature of local government level envi- ronmental co-operation in the sense that all the three levels—government, local government, and private—are closely interconnected, and the major actors—the central government, the local government, and private actors like NGOs and/or firms—play a role in shaping the outcome of intercity co-operation. Also, in terms of policy implication, this case is important not just for East Asian but also global envi- ronmental politics because it is the co-operation between cities in China and Ja- pan—the two most important countries in East Asia that affect regional and global environmental protections efforts seriously.
    [Show full text]
  • (Ris) to Return to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Nkri) 1949-1950
    1 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA STATES (RIS) TO RETURN TO THE UNITARY STATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA (NKRI) 1949-1950 Slamet Kabul Budiarto*, Drs. Ridwan Melay, M.Hum**, Asril, M.Pd*** Slametkabul_budiarto@yahoo.com, ridwanmelay@yahoo.com, asril.unri@gmail.com CP : 082387559065 History Education Studies Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau Abstract : After the proclamation, the Dutch returned to Indonesia by piggybacking on allied forces. The Netherlands intends to re-colonize Indonesia by means other political. The implementation of the Round Table Conference officially mark the founding of the Republic of Indonesia states (RIS) that on December 27, 1949. The purpose of this study were (1) To know the events behind the founding of the Republic of Indonesia States (RIS) (2) To know the condition of government of the Republic of Indonesia states (RIS) (3) To know the end of the Republic of Indonesia states (RIS) to return to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). In this study using methods of historical research. Results from this study is there are some events and happenings behind the founding of the Republic of Indonesia states (RIS) as the Malino Conference, Linggajati, Renville Agreement, Roem-Royen, Inter-Indonesia Conference and the Round Table Conference. At the time of the founding of the Republic of Indonesia States (RIS) so much chaos and upheaval that resulted in the failure of RIS, such as political uprising conducted by Westerling, Andi Azis, and Soumokil. In the economic sector, Indonesia must bear the burden of paying the debt the Dutch East Indies.
    [Show full text]
  • Velthoen 2002.Pdf
    Contested Coastlines: Diasporas, Trade and Colonial Expansion in Eastern Sulawesi 1680-1905 drs Esther Joy Velthoen This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University, 2002 I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work, which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. To my parents Rena Westra and Andy Velthoen Abstract In this study, the small-scale, polycentric polities in eastern Sulawesi are the prism through which political processes at the local and regional levels are explored in the period 1680-1905. Such small-scale polities were the most prevalent mode of political and social formation in the Indonesian archipelago and retained a high degree of autonomy up to the imposition of direct Dutch rule in 1905. The three sections of this study trace the position of these polities as they were integrated into overlapping spheres of regional influence that were dominated, but not controlled, by regional political centres. When the Dutch colonial state started to expand its influence over the seas, intervene in local conflict and suppress raiding in the middle of the nineteenth century, the traditional political system in which eastern Sulawesi participated was increasingly defined as a colonial periphery in relation to the remote centre of Batavia. Part one hones in on the local level: because of the small-scale of political units, individual leaders played an important role not only at the local level, but also in relations with external allies and traders. The dynamism of the polycentric structure of east coast polities was driven by the rivalry and co-operation between such individual leaders and by their ability to establish relations with regional centres and traders.
    [Show full text]