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Non-Verbal Predicates and Predicate Movement in Hungarian Hegedűs, V

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Non-Verbal Predicates and Predicate Movement in Hungarian Hegedűs, V Tilburg University Non-verbal predicates and predicate movement in Hungarian Hegedűs, V. Publication date: 2013 Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Hegedűs, V. (2013). Non-verbal predicates and predicate movement in Hungarian. LOT. 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Download date: 26. sep. 2021 Non-Verbal Predicates and Predicate Movement in Hungarian Published by LOT Phone: +31 30 253 6006 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http:==www.lotschool.nl/ ISBN 978-94-6093-120-8 NUR 616 Copyright © 2013 Veronika Hegedűs. All rights reserved. This dissertation is typeset using LATEX. Non-Verbal Predicates and Predicate Movement in Hungarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de Ruth First Zaal van de Universiteit op maandag 30 september 2013 om 10:15 uur door Veronika Hegedűs geboren op 11 november 1978 te Szeged, Hongarije Promotor: Prof. dr. A.M. Backus Promotor: Prof. dr. H.C. van Riemsdijk Copromotor: Dr. H.J.W.M Broekhuis Commissie: Prof. dr. M. den Dikken Prof. dr. K. É. Kiss Dr. R.A. Muskens Dr. A.K. Lipták Dr. J. Zwarts Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Goals . .1 1.2 Theoretical background in a nutshell . .1 1.3 Outline of the thesis . .2 2 Predicate Movement: Theoretical Background 5 2.1 Introduction . .5 2.2 Hungarian word order . .6 2.2.1 The word order of the left periphery . .9 2.2.1.1 Topic . 10 2.2.1.2 Quantifiers . 11 2.2.1.3 Focus and wh-phrases . 12 2.2.1.4 Negation . 14 2.2.1.5 Summary . 15 2.2.2 Verbal Modifiers . 15 2.3 Previous syntactic analyses of VMs . 18 2.3.1 Lexical unit . 18 2.3.2 Base-generation in syntax . 21 2.3.3 Head-movement into V . 22 2.3.4 Spec,AspP . 23 2.3.5 Spec,PredP . 24 2.3.6 Spec,VP . 25 2.3.7 Summary . 26 2.4 Subject–Predicate Relationships . 27 2.4.1 The syntactic configuration . 27 2.4.2 ‘Big’ Clauses and ‘Small’ Clauses . 33 2.5 Small Clauses and Complex predicates . 37 2.6 Hungarian: complex predicates derived . 39 3 Copular Clauses, Existential and Locative Sentences 45 3.1 Introduction . 45 3.2 Data and previous analyses . 46 3.2.1 English copular clauses and existential constructions . 47 3.2.2 Hungarian copular clauses and existential constructions 50 3.3 Copular clauses in Hungarian and predicate movement . 53 3.3.1 The (non-)presence of BE . 53 3.3.2 The structure of copular sentences . 56 3.4 Nominal predicates . 61 3.4.1 Predicational sentences . 62 3.4.2 Specificational sentences . 63 3.4.3 Equative sentences . 67 3.4.4 The structure of copular clauses with nominal predicates 68 3.5 Adjectival Predicates . 69 3.5.1 Excursus: On the structure of Adjectival Phrases . 70 3.5.1.1 Degree phrases . 70 3.5.1.2 Complements . 72 3.5.2 Adjectival predicates in preverbal position . 74 3.6 Adpositional predicates . 76 3.6.1 Copular clauses with PP predicates . 79 3.6.2 Existentials and locatives . 81 3.7 Summary . 84 4 Predicative PPs and Particles 85 4.1 Introduction . 85 4.2 The inventory of spatial elements in Hungarian . 86 4.2.1 The historical origins of spatial elements . 87 4.2.1.1 Unmarked possessives . 88 4.2.1.2 Marked possessives . 90 4.2.1.3 Appositives . 91 4.2.1.4 The development of particles . 91 4.2.2 Are postpositions and case suffixes different? . 92 4.2.2.1 ‘Dressed’ and ‘naked’ Ps . 92 4.2.2.2 Oblique case . 99 4.2.3 Particles and adverbs . 103 4.2.4 Summary . 105 4.3 The syntax of Hungarian PPs . 106 4.3.1 The structure of PPs cross-linguistically . 106 4.3.2 PPs in Hungarian . 110 4.3.2.1 Places and Paths . 111 4.3.2.2 Particles . 113 4.3.2.3 Summary . 117 4.4 Particle/PP-movement . 118 4.4.1 Particle movement . 118 4.4.2 Variation and the “duplication” pattern . 120 4.5 Extension: More adpositional secondary predicates . 123 4.5.1 Three types of constructions . 123 4.5.2 Depictives . 125 4.5.3 Resultatives . 128 4.5.4 Consider-type verbs . 131 4.6 Summary . 132 5 Predicate Movement 133 5.1 Non-verbal predication . 133 5.2 Two approaches to predicate movement . 134 5.2.1 The PredP approach . 134 5.2.2 The φ-feature agreement approach . 136 5.2.3 Evaluation . 139 5.3 Outlook . 142 6 Conclusions 145 Bibliography 149 Acknowledgments Writing this thesis became a much longer project than anyone was anticipating (including me), and I would like to express my gratitude to everyone involved in the process in any form at any time during the past too-many years. I would not have been able to do this without the support and encouragement of my supervisors, colleagues and friends. My most sincere gratitude goes to my supervisors and my newly added promoter. I am grateful to my promoter Henk van Riemsdijk for being a constant support throughout my years in Tilburg and beyond, for not giving up on this, and for his wise words on anything and everything. I owe a lot to Hans Broekhuis for reading many versions of my manuscript as it was taking shape, for somehow sensing when I needed a break, and for being ready to help as soon as I asked for it again. I would like to thank Ad Backus for accepting to be my promoter so late in the process and for providing so much help in the past months. Coordinating everything from abroad would have been much harder without his help in Tilburg. I would like to thank Marcel den Dikken, Katalin É. Kiss, Anikó Lipták, Reinhard Muskens and Joost Zwarts for joining my thesis committee. I started my PhD studies as a member of the lively Models of Grammar Group at Tilburg University, but the reorganization of the faculty resulted in the end of the group. Still, during the first few years we had a great time with a great group of people. Thanks to Henk, Hans, Ben Hermans, Riny Huijbregts, László Molnárfi, and Craig Thiersch for creating such a nice environment to be in. My special thanks go to the PhD students, who became and remained friends: Anne Breitbarth, Krzysztof Migdalski, Jutta Hartmann and Nataša Milićević. Thanks also to our guest PhDs Meli Poenaru and Mihaela Tănase- Dogaru for making it fun to live and work in Tilburg. The fact that I ended up as a PhD student in Tilburg in the first place is very much due to István Kenesei, who was one of my first syntax professors and my MA supervisor in Szeged. I am grateful for his support and encouragement. I am also indebted to him and to Katalin É. Kiss for giving me a job and involving me in their research projects. The past four years that I spent in Katalin’s project taught me a lot, and not only about syntax. It also gave me a chance to work together and make friends with a new group of people. Thanks to Barbara Egedi for all the talks about linguistics and everything else, and for being a great office-mate since the beginning. Thanks to Júlia Bácskai-Atkári, Ágnes Bende-Farkas, Éva Dékány, Judit Farkas, Gergely Kántor, Bálint Sass, and Eszter Simon for making the project so much fun, and to Sylvia Blaho, Andrea Deme, Katalin Mády, Balázs Surányi, Ádám Szalontai, and Orsolya Tánczos for making sure our office is never too quiet. Special thanks to Mátyás Gerőcs for help with the cover photo. I have benefited a lot from the opportunity of attending the LSA Summer- school of 2005 and the LOT Summer and Winter Schools during my studies. The LOT Schools especially were a great place to meet fellow PhD students from all over the Netherlands and to talk about linguistics and everything else that came to mind. I am grateful to lots of people for making these schools memorable social events as well: Boban Arsenijević, Anna Asbury, Janneke ter Beek, Camelia Constantinescu, Marina Dyakanova, Jakub Dotlačil, Berit Gehrke, Nino Grillo, Cem Keskin, Anna Kijak, Dorota Klimek, Shakuntala Ma- hanta, Kristina Riedel, Martin Salzmann, Eric Schoorlemmer, Giorgos Spathas, and Luis Vicente. My special thanks go to Berit and Anna for all the discus- sions about Ps, our joint papers, and the fun we had at conferences (let’s hope to do that again some time). I am deeply indebted to Jutta Hartmann and Nataša Milićević for the time we shared in Tilburg, especially when it was mostly just us there.
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