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Carl Von Ossietzky NELSON MANDELA CARL VON OSSIETZKY ...fikk Nobels fredspris i 1993, Født: 1918 ...fikk Nobels Født: 1889 for arbeidet med å Fra: Qunu, Sør-Afrika fredspris i 1935, Fra: Hamburg, Tyskland få til en fredelig Kategori: Menneskerettigheter for sin pasifisme Kategori: Menneskerettigheter avslutning på og sitt forsvar av apartheid ytringsfriheten. Verdens mest berømte fange! Carl var en tysk journalist som skrev i aviser på den Nelson Mandela var av kongelig slekt, og utdannet tiden da Adolf Hitler bestemte i Tyskland. Dette var seg til advokat. Det var pådenne tiden et skille i litt før 2. verdenskrig. Carl skrev at Hitler skaffet folket basert på hudfarge i Sør-Afrika. De var jo alle våpen og advarte om at Hitler gjorde seg klar til krig. sør-afrikanere! Mange av de som var mørke i huden Hitler ble rasende da han leste det Carl skrev, og satte ble behandlet svært dårlig. Nelson Mandela ville Carl i konsentrasjonsleir. endre dette, og begynte med aksjoner mot de som bestemte i landet. Dette gjorde at han havnet i Konsentrasjonsleir er som et fengsel. I fengsel. Han satt i fengsel i 27 år på Robben Island! konsentrasjonsleirer fikk man lite mat, og mange ble Dette fikk oppmerksomhet rundt om i verden. slått og mishandlet. Det ble Carl. Nelson Mandela slapp ut av fengsel i 1990, og i 1994 ble han demokratisk valgt som president for Carl fikk fredsprisen, men fikk ikke lov å reise til Sør-Afrika. Han fikk fredsprisen sammen med Norge for å motta prisen. Han døde i fengsel. den tidligere presidenten Fredrik de Klerk fordi de sammen klarte å forme et nytt og mer rettferdig Carl var virkelig modig, og turte å si det han mente Sør-Afrika. selv om det var veldig farlig. *Apartheid er et system sombetyr ”adskilt” elller ”fra hverandre”. MARTTI AHTISAARI WANGARI MAATHAI ...fikk Nobels ...fikk Nobels Født: 1937 fredspris i 2004, Født: 1940 fredspris i 2008, Fra: Vyborg, Finland for sin innsats for Fra: Nyeri, Kenya for sin innsats for å Kategori: Forhandlere bærekraftig utvik- Kategori: Klima og miljø løse internasjonale ling, demokrati konflikter. og fred. «Vil dere vinne, eller vil dere ha fred?» Hva har planting av trær med fred å gjøre? En hel del, ifølge Den Norske Nobelkomite. Den tidligere finske presidenten Martti Ahtisaari har spilt en sentral rolle som fredsmegler i noen av Wangari Maathai var en kenyansk biolog, som var verdens mest alvorlige konflikter. bekymret over at store deler av Kenyas regnskog ble hogget ned. Avskogingen førte til problemer på For mange ble han først kjent for innsatsen i landsbygda; beiteområdene ble ødelagt, kvinnene forhandlingene som førte til Namibias uavhengighet måtte gå milevis for å hente ved, og fruktbar jord ble fra Sør-Afrika i 1990. Selv sier han at dette arbeidet til ørken. som det viktigste i hans karriere som fredsbygger. Wangari Maathai tok tak i problemet ved å starte Han har vært engasjert i fredsarbeidet mellom organisasjonen The Green Belt Movement i 1977. Kosovo og Serbia. Ahtisaari overvåket også Målet var å gjenreise skogene for å få slutt på konflikten og fredsarbeidet i Nord-Irland i 2001. fattigdommen og konfliktene som avskogingen Han har også vært involvert i fredsprossen andre skapte. Siden oppstarten har de plantet mer enn 20 steder i verden. millioner trær. Wangari Maathai var den første som fikk Nobels fredspris for miljøarbeid. Begrunnelsen var at “Alle konflikter kan løses!” planting av trær ville skape bedre levekår og dermed mener Martti Ahtisaari. hindre krig og konflikt. CARL VON OSSIETZKY CARL VON OSSIETZKY NELSON MANDELA WANGARI MAATHAI MARTTI AHTISAARI MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN ...fikk Nobels ...fikk Nobels fredspris i 1964 for Født: 1929 Født: 1861 fredspris i 1922 sin ikke-voldelige Fra: Atlanta, USA Fra: Kristiania (Nå Oslo), Norge for sitt arbeid for kamp for like Kategori: Menneskerettigheter Kategori: Humanitært arbeid krigsfanger og rettigheter i sultrammede. USA. «Vold kan føre til en kort seier, men det kan aldri gi varig fred.» Fridtjof Nansen var en av Norges første superstjerner: (MLK, 1964) oppdagelsesreisende, professor, idrettsstjerne og verdensmann. Mest kjent er han kanskje som Martin Luther King jr. var prest og hadde Gandhi som polarhelt; han var nesten den første som nådde sitt store forbilde. Han ledet den ikke-voldelige kampen for fulle borgerrettigheter for de svarte i Nordpolen. USA. Fridtjof Nansen fikk ikke Nobels fredspris fordi han Raseskillelovene i USA hindret den svarte var kjendis, men for hva han brukte kjendisstatusen befolkningen i å stemme ved valg, komme inn på gode sin til. Han ledet blant annet arbeidet med å få 430 000 skoler, og få tilgang til kinoer, teatre og kafeer. russiske krigsfanger hjem etter første verdenskrig. King oppfordret folk til å delta på fredelige aksjoner. I tillegg engasjerte han seg i hjelpearbeidet da det brøt Aksjonistene måtte tåle å bli skjelt ut, spyttet på, ut en sultkatastrofe i Sovjetunionen. banket opp og arrestert. I 1922 fikk Nansen en viktig jobb i Folkeforbundet der Takket være mot, utholdenhet og ikke minst stor han skulle jobbe for flyktninger. Samme år fikk han pressedekning, fikk borgerrettighetsbevegelsen stadig flere støttespillere, både i og utenfor USA. Nobels fredspris. Fridtjof Nansen ble på sett og vis grunnleggeren av moderne flyktninghjelp. Mye av I 1964 opphevet Kongressen raseskillelovene, og arbeidet som gjøres i dag, blir gjort slik han hadde samme år mottok King fredsprisen. Fire år etter ble tenkt det. han skutt og drept av en rasist. BERTHA VON SUTTNER MALALA YOUSAFSAI ...fikk Nobels Født: 1843 ...fikk Nobels Født: 1997 fredspris i 1905, Fra: Østerrike fredspris i 2014, Fra: Mingora, Pakistan for sin modige kamp Kategori: Fredsbevegelsen for sin kamp for Kategori: Menneskerettigheter mot krigens barns rettigheter. grusomheter. «En svært rik, eldre herre, som bor i Paris, søker sekretær og husholderske.» «Hvem av dere er Malala Yousafzai!?» Dette sto i en avisannonse i1875. Den eldre herren var Spørsmålet kom fra bevæpnede menn som hadde Alfred Nobel, og Bertha von Suttner fikk jobben. Selv tatt seg inn i skolebussen til Malala i oktober 2012. om hun forlot jobben og Alfred etter bare åtte dager, Ingen av elevene i bussen svarte, men flere så bort på varte vennskapet deres livet ut. Malala. Mennene skjønte raskt hvem hun var. Bertha von Suttner ble verdensberømt etter å ha Malala hadde skrevet blogg om hvordan jenter i skrevet boken «Ned med våpnene». Hun startet en Swat-dalen i Pakistan ble nektet skolegang av gruppa fredsforening i Østerrike, og ble en av lederne i den Taliban, som styrte området. internasjonale fredsbevegelsen. Hun ville at Alfred skulle støtte fredssaken med penger. Mange tror at Nå hadde de funnet henne. En av mennene avfyrte det var vennskapet med Bertha som gjorde at Alfred tre skudd mot Malalas hode. Hun ble liggende. Nobel laget Nobels fredspris. Heldigvis overlevde Malala angrepet, og kunne Bertha von Suttner ble den første kvinnen som fikk fortsette sitt arbeid for jenters rett til skolegang. Nobels fredspris. Hun var optimistisk og trodde at samfunnsutviklingen ville føre til fred og lykke. Malala var bare 17 år da hun fikk Nobels Dessverre ble det ikke helt slik. Samme år som hun fredspris – den yngste noensinne. døde, startet 1.verdenskrig. FRIDTJOF NANSEN FRIDTJOF NANSEN MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. MALALA YOUSAFSAI BERTHA VON SUTTNER EU LINUS PAULING ...fikk Nobels ...fikk Nobels fredspris i 2012, Stiftet: 1993 fredspris i 1962, Født: 1901 for sin jobb for fred Hovedkvarter: Brussel, Belgia for sin kamp mot Fra: Portland, USA og samarbeid Kategori: Verdensorganisasjoner atomvåpenkappløpet Kategori: Nedrustning mellom landene i mellom Europa. øst og vest. Hvordan forhindre krig mellom bitre fiender? 6. august 1945 slapp USA atombomben «Little Boy» Man kan starte med kull og stål. over Hiroshima. Det ble et vendepunkt for kjemikeren Linus Pauling. Europa har gjennom historien vært et krigersk kontinent, og etter to verdenskriger, lå Europa i Linus Pauling hadde sagt nei til å være med å utvikle ruiner. atombomben under 2. verdenskrig. Etter å ha sett bombens ødeleggelser i Japan, engasjerte han seg i En fransk cognacforhandler, Jean Monnet, fikk en kampen mot atomvåpen. Han ble med i Albert idé om å slå sammen kull- og stålindustrien i Europa. Einsteins anti-atomarbeid for vitenskapsmenn. Kull og stål var viktig for å lage våpen, og ved å samarbeide om denne industrien, ville landene ha Amerikanske myndigheter mistenkte Pauling for å kontroll over hverandres våpenproduksjon. Den støtte kommunistene, og beslagla blant annet passet europeiske kull- og stålunionen ble starten på det hans en periode. som i dag heter EU. I 1962 fikk han Nobels fredspris for sitt arbeid for å Samarbeidet i EU har ikke vært enkelt, men forby testing av atombomber i atmosfæren. EU-landene har ikke kriget med hverandre siden Ingen land har testet ut atomvåpen i atmosfæren 2.verdenskrig. Nobelkomiteen ville vise at EU har siden 1980. bidratt til fred, og minne oss på hvordan Europa så ut for noen få generasjoner siden. Linus Pauling er dobbelt nobelprisvinner, og fikk prisen for kjemi i 1954. FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK ELLEN JOHNSON SIRLEAF ...fikk Nobels ...fikk Nobels fredspris i 1993, Født: 1936 fredspris i 2011, for Født: 1938 for arbeidet med en Fra: Johannesburg, Sør-Afrika sin kamp for kvinners Fra: Monrovia, Liberia fredelig avslutning Kategori: Forhandlere sikkerhet og deres Kategori: Menneskerettigheter av Apartheid i rett til å delta i Sør-Afrika. fredsarbeid. Frederik de Klerk vokste opp under apartheid-styret i Sør-Afrika. Apartheid var et system der de svarte Ellen Johnson Sirleaf er den første valgte kvinnelige og hvite var adskilt, og de hvite bestemte. De hadde president i Afrika. Hun har jobbet med å bygge fred i stemmerett, de fikk de beste husene, skolene Liberia etter den 14 år lange borgerkrigen fra og jobbene. 1989-2003. De Klerk ble etter hvert president, og han støttet Det var vanskelig og krevende å bygge opp landet lenge det rasistiske apartheid-styret.
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