~~~~~ !~~~~ ~be 1Jnbian ~cbool jf ournal

Printed by- Students of the Indian School at Chilocco, Oklahoma tAn Illustrated Monthly t/I1agazine About Native tAmericans

VOLUME FIFTEEN JANUARY, 1915 NUMBER FIvE

RES PONSIBILITIES OF INDI AN SCHOOL EMPLOYEES

By SUPT. OMAR L. BABCOCK

XPERIENCE is a dear task of teaching the children to store teacher. For the mis­ up certain knowledge which will en­ takes we make we, per­ able them to understand the need of sonally, do not suffer as learning to read and write, and the much as do the pupils many other things that good citizens who are under our care. should know. They must teach them We may suffer in our the beauty of a government like our efficiency records, but own, where there is nearer true liber­ they suffer in not get­ ty than inany other country on the face ting the training that of God's footstool. They must also will enable them to live teach them that it is impossible for one the lives we are trying to plan for them. to live without the aid of his fellow When we think of the school life of men. That we are dependent, one up­ the pupils we have under our care as on another, and the higher the civili­ a preparatory period for the life they zation to which we attain the greater have to live, we will see the im­ the dependance. They must teach the portance of keeping the mistakes as child these special things for that is few as possible and we will also see their part of the work we have to do that the pupils will suffer all of their here. They are chosen because of lives; and not only the pupils with their special fitness for that work and whom we come in contact, but those to them we look for results along that older pupils who are the parents of the line. Their mistakes will be almost ones we now teach. wholly borne by the ones to whom they This is a big work we are engaged are imparting the instruction. in. We can not get away from the re­ The farmer is here for his special sponsibilityof the positions we occupy. part of the work. He is to teach the Each one of us has some particular boys the rudiments of agriculture and part of the training to do. To the demonstrate his work on the school teachers in the class rooms come the farm. He is intrusted with teaching 232 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ABOUT INDIANS the child how to provide for the de­ to future generations. It is within his mands of the body from the soil, from power to destroy its fertility for many where all human needs are provided. years, or he can make it more and His task is of great importance and he more productive. The forme r is a is responsible for the amount of useful crime and the latter is as true philan­ knowledge which he imparts to the thropy as are gifts of Carnegie or children. There is no more important Rockefeller to libraries and colleges. task in the Indian Service than that of In short, it is the privilege of the the school farmer. When we consid­ farmer to implant in the mind of the er the needs of the great human race pupil who comes under his instruction that must be met from the products of a broader outlook than he would have thesoil-thatgreatstorehousein which if he tilled his farm for his own per­ an all-wise Beneficence has locked the sonal gain rather than for the benefit food for His created creatures and has which he bestowed on society in gen­ made it obligatory upon them to come eral. The duties of the school farmer at the treasure only by effort-we can are his opportunities to enlarge his comprehend the importance of the own usefulness to his race and gener­ work of the farmer. The instruction ation. given by him will teach more than the The things that I have said of the combination to the storehouse. He farmer might as well be said of the will teach him the dependance of the carpenter and engineer. It is neces­ human family upon the efforts of the sary for men to do different kinds of tillers of the soil. He will teach the work. When man was in his primi­ pupil that he i serving the great hu­ tive state there was then no need of man family as truly by good farming artisan or mechanic, but as our civil­ as he would be in any other way' ization developed we had needs of more tbat the President is but the servant things than we had before. From of the people, and so is everyone else these needs arose the different kinds who creates anytbing from his mind of trades. With the building of shel­ or by his indu try causes the soil t~ ters came the needs of men who knew give its sustaining supply to the hu­ how to build lasting structures and to man race. He will teach the pupil that make them comfortable in all kinds of although there will be profit to him it climates. This need of shelter gave i but the profit due a good servant for rise to carpenters, masons, plasterers, bis services. That for him to use the painters and other allied tradesmen. soil in such a manner as to get less We are no longer satisfied with the f~m it than it hould produce; or for crude windbrake which our ancestors him to take from the soil and rob it erected, but we demand that we have and thus make it of no use to man is '. , all the comforts possible to put into a cnme agamst all mankind and that a house. The carpenter has studied the ~ce will suffer in just proPOrtion the subject until he is able to make us for hi lack of knowledge or idleness, the kind of a house we demand and in or whatever cau-ed the lesser produc­ return we provide him with the things tion. The child must learn that the nece sary to his comfort. We are soil i- given to him to use, but in a willing to pro\;de more for the man broader -en;;e it is not his indh'idual who is extra good at his trade than po-session. but rather that it i a heri­ tance from the past lind must pass on we are for the man who is only med· ium, In other works, the world wiII THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR~AL-ABOUT I DIANS 233 recompense the worker according to vice in just the proportion it is ready his ability to give it something that it to pay for any other service, and the wants. It does not matter if the man service rendered by an efficient cook is a farmer, a carpenter, an engineer, or maid is just as honorable as any or what his work may be: if the world other service. The dignity of their wants it it will pay for it just in pro­ labor should be taught them and the portion to how much it wants it. It fact that women have always been re­ will pay according to the service ren­ warded with what they have wanted, dered, and all work is 1V0rld service. and will, in all probability, be so re­ The engineer who is able to leave this warded in the future, should make thought with the pupils who come un­ them careful as to what they ask for, der his instruction will leave a far knowing that they will get it. They more lasting mark to show what his sbould be taught what to aim for and services have been than he will if the then how to attain that aim. They pupils get only the mechanical side of should be taught the truth of the old his work. The carpenter who can proverb that "a woman can throw out make his pupils see that they are giv­ of the window with a spoon faster than ing the world service for which they a man can throw in at the door with have the right to exact from that a shovel." They are throwing the world a recompense is giving some­ higher priced articles, and waste can thing of far greater value than the not be tolerated--that it makes for mere mechanical instruction of his poverty and its ills. They should be trade. Imagination plays so great a taught the science of cooking. If any part in our lives that we very often part of the world's work is in greater miss the greatest and finest opportu­ need of such teaching I have still to nities because of the lack of it. What find out what it is. This great need greater incentive can a boy or girl have of society has called forth the various than that they are a part of the great schools of domestic economy, cooking world mechanism and that they have and domestic science because there definite parts to play therein? If they was adistinct need of the promulgation do not do their part it must be done of better ideas and alsoaneed to make ?y some one else, and that boy or girl the most of the things we have to do IS a shirker. with. Almost anyone can provide a Matrons have an especially good op­ good meal at the delicatessen. but the portunity to stamp individualities up­ best thought is required to provide a on the pupils under their charge. In­ good meal from the raw materials. daily close contact with your girls you The latter way is the one by which girls can teach them that greatest of all and boys of our schools will be fed. and SCiences, how to feed mankind. Jt all thought should be given to their in­ has been truly said thatthe food eaten struction in this line. This. then, is will indicate the kind of person one i'. the labor of the matrons. ~Jake the The girls should be taught this and girls see the great importance of the that the services thev render are as various duties devolving upon them in important as any other service ren­ the home. Let them know the value dered, and that they are a well en· of their work and what will be a fair titled to recompense as any other con­ recompensation for it. Do not let tSocrib.utor. to ~he welfare of the world. them look upon their part of the in­ lety IS Willing to pay for such ser- dustrial work as drudgery. It is their 234 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOuT INDIANS mission as truly as it is their mission cept and example. Of tbe two ways to keep the race from extinction, and the latter is preferable, but both have one is less worthy of consideration their places. While it should be taught without the other. The lives they in the school room, it should also be bring into the world must be succored taught every time there is an oppor­ by their knowledge of what the needs tunity when the pupi ls are with the of those lives are. Surely that is a employees. Never pass over immo­ high and holy work and they should rality in a pupil any more than you be led to see it in that light, which re­ would in an employee. If one passes lieves it from the plane of drudgery to it over and another reprimands, the which it otherwise falls. pupil judges that we have more than I have spoken of the work of some one standard of morality, when we special employees. It remains for me should teach but one. I believe in very to speak of the work of the employees few rules in any school and that all collectively. I have tried to make it rules may be boiled down to one-do clear that we are all teachers and that right. The request from the employ­ we each have a definite work in the ees to the pupils to do, or not to do, preparation of Indian youth who are any thing makes it right for all pupils entrusted to our care. We must pre­ to render obedience and wrong for one pare them for the realities of life af­ to disregard the request. Hence he ter they leave school. I have tried to has violated the rule of the school and impress upon you the fact that the out­ deserves to receive some punishment look the pupils gain upon life at school to remind him of his offense. The pu­ is of equal importance with the things pils should be taught that the employ­ they learn here. If a student regards ees can not make a good school with­ the school only as a place where he is out the co-operation of the pupils them­ required-orforced - to spend so many selves; and, conversely, the pupils years, he is failing to get the best out themselves can not make a good of it. In any case, he will gather much school unless the employees will exert that will be of aid to him, but he should themselves. Both must do their part, get much more than that out of the and we employees succeed orfail in just school life. In short, he must get the the proportion we succeed in getting vision. I use the word vision advised­ the pupils to bear their fair share of ly. The pupil must see beyond him­ the responsibility. Let us all strive self and see society as a whole, of to get that c~peration. which he is a component part, and the Sex hygiene has been a much di - work of the world ae a whole and his cllssed subject in school circles during own special part as a very small part the last several years. It is surely of it, although very important, before necessary to teach the children about he will render to the world the service the errors they may fall into and about which it demands from each of us. that function of the human body which This should never be lost sight of by makes it almost divine. Noone thing instructors of youth, no matter what color. will ever touch them in so many places Teaching morality is not the special in their lives, or with such an influence, province of anyone or two employees. as will sex, hence it should be taught Every employee should always be ready to them as something to be reverenced. rightly used, never abused and alwaYS to teach a moral truth, both by pre- to be rightly understood.' It is easY THE I DIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 235 to beget morbidity on this subject in always be required of pupils. Any the child mind, and for that reason I employee who allows pupils to be dis­ believe the best results can be obtained respectful or impudent without cor­ by the girls recei ving instruction along recting them is at fault and is allowing sex lines from matrons with whom they the pupil to fall into a habit that will work. I do not mean thatany one girl work harm in after life. Every em­ should receive her instruction from ployee should exact respect from the anyone matron, but I mean that pupils, both for himself and for the every matron should use every opor­ rest of the employees, and the other tune chance to instill right thinking pupils. This is a fault that rapidly along sex lines whenever she can do grows in a pupil and should never be tol­ so. If each matron will do her fu ll erated. It does not take long for a child duty with the girls under her charge to form habits of politeness, and after the girls will learn to think sanely and that habit is well instilled into the old wisely on the subject and then will pupils new pupils will take their cue not fall into many of the errors so from them and the work of teaching common to ignorance and youth. politeness will be greatly lessened. What has been said regarding the Every employee should feel his re­ instruction of the girls can as well be sponsibility and remember that one said regarding the instruction of the can not shirk their part without mak­ boys. If every male employee will use ing it harder for all the rest. every opportunity which offers itself You have all had experience in to instill into the boys with whom he training children and it has been my comes in contact the lessons necessary experience that Indian children do not to bodily health and vigor and sane differ materially from the children of and wholesome thoughts regarding other peoples. In all essentials they sex, they will have a different outlook are much alike, hence you need no ex­ upon the world-and especially upon plicit instructions in handling them. women-than they will have ifthey are Your own experience will tell you when allowed to gain such knowledge in the and how to correct the pupils, and haphazard way common to youth. your experience with children will Every male employee should teach sex have taught you never to correct in hygiene and sex relation with all rev­ anger. To do so begets a spirit of erence, to the boys. If rightly taught, revenge in a child that is harder to it will sen'e to make them reverence correct than the original fault. their women, care for themselves and If our lives are remembered oniyon make for a stronger and betterphy­ the marble that marks our last resting sique. In this connection I do notfeel place then, indeed, we have buta very that I need to warn against coarseness temporary remembrance, but if we or vulgarity. The~ubjectis too weighty have starn peri our thoughts and per­ to be spoken of with levity and any onalities upon the young minds we tendency of the pupil to so speak of it are moulding we have left a thing that should be immediately corrected. You will continue as long as the world cannot be too careful in teaching this stands. and we will have a lasting subject. monument-one that will make the Politeness is also a matter that re­ whole world, in its sum total, better or quires the combined effort of the em­ worse, according to the way we have ployees. Respectful attention should wrought No one has a better chance 236 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR~AL-ABOUT INDIA 'S to leave such a reminder of themselves best may come back to us. Let us as we who are engaged in training give su~h service as will call forth children, and in an Indian school we from our own consciences that best of have an exceptionally good chance. all compensations, the pleasant "Well Let us all give of our best that the done, thou good and faithful servant".

OPERATIO:'\S OF THE U. S. I{\DIAl T IRRI GATIOt\ SERYICE

FRQ)! THE Los ANGELES TntES

EARLY a quarter-million dol­ winter at the Fort Mojave reserva· lars have just been expended tion, on the Arizona side of the N by the United State Indian Colorado River, owing to the annual Irrigation Service, operating from Los floods which inundate the lands along Angeles as a center, in strong efforts the bank. At ~eedles, below the to improve the condition of the Indians point, it is reported the Santa Fe in Southern California and Southern Railroad recently has spent $200. 000 Arizona by development of the water to protect the bank for the distance resources on their lands and to thus of a mile. render the tribes self-supporting. "The Indian Service, acting with "The Indians in this district, which the Cotton Land Company, construct· embraces fifty or more reservations ed a levee a few years ago at a cost and approximately 25,000 Indians, for of .~25.000 to the former and $10· the most part possess very fertile 000 to tbe latter. But the levee was lands but in the past they have been much damaged by the flood last sea· handicapped by lack of water," stated son and no effort has been made to C. R. Oldberg, superintendent of In­ repair the break because ofthe futili' dian irrigation. "The government in ty of thus trying to curb the great recent years has exerted special efforts rush of storm waters. to encourage wider use of irrigation "The Indians at Fort Mojave have on the reservations by spending large been gi\'en the opportunity to move sums of money in perfecting Indian from tbelr undesirable location to the irrigation systems. In Southern Cali. Parker reservation, lower down th~ fornia considerable attention has been ri\·er. where there is no danger 0 accorded of late to the Pala. Rincon, flood '. But it is uncertain whether theY ~Iorongo. Soboba and Coachella Val­ can be induced to remove. There ~re ley reservations. with the result that about j)() ~lojaves at this reser\'at!O~ the productiveness of these lands has and I believe half of them, consisUf.. been wonderfully increased. adding lv of the younger and more ~rogr e-, sbl./ much to the prosperity of the Indians men with their families. wIl~ prob~h~ .. A erious prublem will arise thi~ make the change in locatIon. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ABOUT I DIANS 237

Parker reservation offers about 500 to the development of irrigation pos­ acres of splendid silt land which will sibilities. There are 1200 acres of ar­ be tendered the Indians in ten-acre able land on this reservation with 700 allotments. Irrigating water will be acres of it set to fruit trees and most furnished in accordance with the of it under irrigation. The govern­ government's policy of 'free water to ment has lately completed a number all Indians.' The land is very pro­ of important projects, one of which is ductive and the 500 Indians already a tunnel 600 feet long tapping the un­ established there are raising alfalfa, derflow of the Potrero Creek and yield­ some cotton and corn, and beans with ing a flow of seventy inches, while the enviable success. stream gives fifty inches. A well also "Memories of the romantic days of has been dug from which 100 inches the Indians, so beautifully pictured in can be pumped. Peaches, apricots Miss Jackson's 'Ramona,' are, I fear, and almonds are raised with remark­ fading from the minds of Californians. able results. One Indian realized With the exception of an occasional $1500 from his small acreage of al­ bad Indian who has done some des­ monds this year. The government . perate deed, not enough is said of the presented tbe Indians with 12,000 fruit aborigine to advertise his existence. trees, which have been set out. But the Indian is ~till with us, as any­ "Probably one of tbe most interest­ one may learn in the Pala, the Moron­ ing projects which the Indian Service go or Coachella Valley. At Pala, the is attempting at present in Southern Indian village is remarkably pro­ California is in the Owens Valley re­ gressive and well governed by its In­ gion. The 200 or more Piutes and Dig­ dian officials. The 200 Indians there gers living there lead a miserable ex­ have about 700 acres under cultiva­ istence, trying to subsist on the little tion, with plenty of water for irriga­ corn and beans tbey can raise in the tion. The government has just com­ mountain canyons. There is an abun­ pleted a unique irrigation project in dance of water, but the land is so rocky the reconstruction in concrete of an as to yield poor crop:. The object of old earthen aqueduct built by the the Indian Service is to develop a lava Franciscan padres more than a cen­ tableland consisting of about 5000 acres turyago. of extremely rich soil. It is expected "At Temecula difficulties of obtain­ a considerable volume of water will be ing water for the Pechanga Indians procured for the irrigation of this land. have been so great and so costly that The tableland under cultivation will the government has been able to se­ be one of the most ideal Indian reser­ Cure water for them only for domestic vations in the country. Surveys are and stock purposes. However, the proceeding rapidly and next year will Indian lands have been carefully in­ see the beginning of active operations. vestigated at Temecula with the view "At Cahuilla reservation several to installing a pumping plant for irri­ pipe lines. together with small reser­ gation. The estimated cost of this voirs to hold an efficient irrigation development is so large that it will be head. have been installed, which will a purely philanthropic project. permit the irrigation of a few hundred 'The agricultural progress achieved acres of fertile land. These Indians by the Indian on the Morongo reser­ will be remembered as the ones who \'ation, near Banning, is largely due murdered their superintendent about 238 THE INDIA SCHOOL JOUR TAL-ABOUT INDIANS

two years ago. Their warlike pro­ tracted to the Indians there because of pensities were so pronounced it was their extremely destitute condition. not thought they would respond to ef­ This has been relieved th rough the forts toward improving their lands. application of irrigation to their lands. But they have received the help glad­ "In addition to the reservations spo­ ly and are now using their small irri­ ken of, irrigation development has gation system to better advantage been accomplished on practically every than some of the more fortunately sit­ reservation south of San Francisco uated tribes. where water is at all available. The "Similar methods have been employ­ policy of the Indian Service in South­ ed on the Campo reservation in devel­ ern California is to vigorously continue oping the little water available. This this good work until all the Indians in reservation lies on the Mexican border this territory have become self-sup­ and attention was some time ago at- porting farmers. "

HISTORY OF THE OKLA HOMA CHEYE~~ES

E. A. M'MILLAN IN TULSA WORLD OSSIBLY no Indian tribe whose home is in Oklahoma presents a living in skin tepees, securing their P more intricate study to the his­ food by hunting and being constantly torian of today than the Cheyenne. at war with other tribes in order to The history of the race for two cen­ protect their lives. turie' is fairly accurately known, Their sacred tradition states that while his pre-historical legends date they "lost the corn" after moving back at least another centurv westward -meaning that they no long­ Originally they were an '~gricul­ er pursued agricultural ways. The tural people, living in fixed homes tradition giVes a fairly good account and. besides tilling the soil. were fair­ of their tribal life and corroborates ly expert in the making of potterv the legends of the Sioux and Arapahoes and, .urprising as it may seem. all th~ a.s to their wanderings. Their tradi­ enumerated arts of peace they have tion tells of their leaving a great fall. lost and lost since the white man apparently St. Anthony's falls of the :\lississippi and a stream known as a has known them. They were forced " ' from their homes near the headwaters turtle stream," which probably re- of the Mississippi by the Sioux, and fers to the Turtle river, a tributary of pushed westward. For Over a cen­ the Red river of the north. It further tury they were constantly warred on tells of their conflict \~;th the Siou.~ by the ioux and other plains tribes and the Sutaio. until they became a nomadic people, As a tribe they were brave to des­ peration, with an exceedingly higb THE [NDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ABOUT [NDIANS 239 standard for women, but contentious; second or higher body, and one of the made so, no doubt, by force of cir­ four was made the great chief. All cumstances. their acts which involved any tribal They first came in contact with the matter were acted on very deliberate­ Kiowas and Commanches on being ly, and when once made a law by the forced as far southward as the Ar­ council, was faithfully executed. kansas river. They then became al­ Today their ancient council is sym­ lied with the Arapahoes a tribe close­ bolized by 44 sticks, which are kept ly allied to them by language and with the four medicine arrows, also tribal ways-and for 30 years a bitter symbolic of the higher council, and war was waged with the Kiowas and are still preserved by the remnants Comanches. On the upper banks of the tribe now living in Oklahoma. of the Red ri I'er. in lS:H. a party of The two bundles of sticks represent 48 Cheyenne warrior~ were massacred the Cheyenne palladium and are the by Kiowas. One year later the Chey­ mo t sacred relics of the tribe. They ennes and Arapahoes attacked a party are nel'er exhibited to other than full­ of Kiowas and Comanches on Wolf blood male members of the tribe, and Creek. in northwestern Oklahoma, re­ only then after a long and sacredly re­ sulting in both losing heavily. Two ligiou' ceremony of cleansing, pre­ years later a treaty was made with paratory to viewing the relics. For the Kiowas and since that year the years ethnologists have striven to see Cheyennes, Arapahoes. Kiowas and their palladium. but without success. Comanches have usually acted to­ The tribe holds several tribal cere­ gether. monies, the best known service being The Cheyennes suffered severe loss the sun dance, which they have prac­ in 1864 by the notorious Chivington ticed for nearly two centuries. and massacre in Colorado, and in 1863 at still practice. The Peyote rite is the the hands of General Custer in the mo't popular ceremony among the battle of the Washita. younger members of the tribe. The In 1867. by treaty. they were as­ fire dance is also practiced. but is fast signed a re"ervation in Oklahoma. but waning, owing to their close contact refused to remain on it. and for eight with the white man. year> continued their nomadic and As a tribe they have produced no warlike habits until their leaders great leaders as have other tribes. were captured and sent as prisoners As American citizens they are peace­ to Florida. [n L 91 their lands were ful, inclined to laziness, and still un­ allotted in severalty. and since then progressive. tudents of the race, have remained peaceful citizens. however. agree that in the coming Their former tribal government was few year' a great improvement will one of the best of the plains tribes. be noted . and some enthusiasts feel They had a council of .w elective they will become among our best In­ chiefs, who in turn chose four a' a dian citizens.

A GRt.:DGE IS A HA~ ' D[CAP L' OUR GOOD WORK IF YOt.: HAn; 0, 'E, FORGET IT A SKETCH OF THE TU LALIP I~D IA~ SCHOOL

By CHARLES M. BUCHANAN, Superintendent

HE United States ted and fitted with many modern im­ Government main­ provements and fac ili ties notordina~ ilY tains at Tulalip, found in country schools or outSIde Washington, the of the larger cities. The Gov e.rn~ent above-named train­ has established this school for Its Imes ing school for Indi­ of work in compliance with a treaty an boys and girls. pledge to these Indian people and WIl! The school was doubtless continue to give the school pledged to the In­ all necessary commensurate support dians of the Puget The location of the school itself IS Sound country and beautiful. The school is ideally l<><:at­ vicinity by the Treaty of Point Elliott ed upon high, well-drained land, 1m· or January 22, 1855, and un­ ~lukilteo, mediately adjacent to the tidewaters der which the Tulalip Indian Agency of Puget Sound, with a southern slope was established. The members of all which falls gently dow n to the sa.lt Indian tribes adjacent to that territory waters of the Sound, of which Tulahp were by that said treaty pledged cer­ tain school facilities and privileges "to Bay is an arm. . be free to children of the said tribes We aim to teach the child practICal and useful things, absolu tely essentIal and bands in common with those of ' 'mpart- the other tribes of said district" (the things , while at the same tIme I d di-trict of Puget's Sound-see Article ing the fundamental of a well-groun - Xlr of said treaty). ed education covering the scope of the The United States Government common schools of the State and ar­ meets all legitimate expense for the ticulating to a greater or lesser extent legitimate work of the school, which with the State course 0 f tu}.d · One- is an industrial training school along half of the day is spent in the regul.ar pre-vocational lines, Here the Gov­ class-room work. of sc h00 I l'fI e, artlc- ernme.nt maintains, for Indian boys ulating at the same time wi th _ J:~ and gIrls of suitable age and health Practical work of the other half , '1 and of deserving status, a school home in the manual, domestic and indu st~lrs whe~e they are lodged, provided with departments. This other ha l ~-da) k sub'l te.nce, clothed. taught, trained to Spent, by the girls, in domestic wor productive pursuits, looked after in In. the various domestic. depa rtments.d sicknes and in health bv a regul receiving therein both training an h " - ar p YSIClan and a trained nurse with actual experIence. m. coo k'm, g bakmg.. . ..' g sen'!Dg· hospItal and hospital facilities, at no ~ewmg washmg, Ironm , II ' ex?ense whatsoever to the Indian Waiting' housekeepmg,. e t c., as we. a.e chIld, or to its parents or guardians nursing ' by actual hosplta. I exp erlen C. • The buildings of the school plant a're The hoys spend thl~. ot her ha If -dav" InI large, new, commodious, modern the various. industria' I an d mec,h anIcaboth steam-heated, electric-lighted, \'ent il a~ ~lepartments, receiving there.m in Instruction and actual experJe nce THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS 241 steam-heating, steam-fitting, engi­ mentand also affords opportunities for neering (steam. electric, gasoline and acquiring a pleasing and desirable ac­ hydraulic), donkey engineering, land complishment. The school also main­ clearing, farming, gardening, dairy­ tains a very successful school or­ ing, blacksmithing, carpentry, wood chestra, or mandolin and guitar club, and cement work, fencing, etc. among the girls. The school has also Of course, "all work and no play maintained a small choir which has at. makes Jack a dull boy." Moreover, tempted some of the better though educators have come to realize and simpler forms of choral music. recognize a distinct educational as well A part of each day, and at least one as physical value in recreation and evening each week, are devoted to re­ play. In fact, play is the laboratory creation -music, games, dancing, etc. of character, where actual use and ex­ The school is organized on a semi-mil­ ercise are given, or should be given, to itary basis, for girls as well as boys, those ethical principles and restraints and training is given in the sirrplu that are but didactically imparted in forms of tactical foot movements and the class room and elsewhere. Fur­ in the "setting up" exercises of the thermore, play and recreation are Na­ U. S. Army infantry tactics-tbere is ture's means of recuperation from the no better form of physical exercise physical taxation and exhaustion of the known. fatigue which work often induces. The school, as has been said and Properly exercised, one assists to bet­ shown, is located directly on salt water. ter performance in the other. This On this account the annual picnics with is recognized and provided for at Tu­ clam-bakes and salmon roasts, canoe lalip. Aside from the playground races and other similar forms of water sports common to childhood the world sports are forms of amusement that over, we have a complete and modern can be found at no other Indian school playground equipment, thoroughly up than Tulalip in the United States. It to date in every way. Of course we is needless to say that these peculiar have football, basketball and base­ advantages are thoroughly enjoyed by ball in season, and our teams do very the pupils and people of Tulalip. The well at these linesofsport whose best agency maintains a large launch, the recommendation is, perhaps, that they "Tulalip." which keeps the agency bring the school into direct relation and school in touch with its outlying with sister institutions and thereby stations and is also utilized in the trans­ bring the young people of the two race's portation of parties of pupils to and together on a clean and friendly basis from the school and reservations, at of mutual respect. In addition to these the beginning of the school year and things and the various form' of diver­ at the close of the school year. sion and entertainment possible in the The older educational methods took gymnasium, we have our annual rna - a portion of a pupil and developed and querades, carnivals, water carnivals. trained that portion, lea\;ng the re­ water sports of all kinds, entertain­ mainder as so much waste. As a mat­ ments, literary and debating societies, ter of fact the whole boy. the whole glee clubs. school, city or municipal girl, should be sent to school, should organizations, athletic associations, be trained. should be developed and etc. The school maintains a brass should learn to give the best possible band, which adds to the general enjoy- service and all of its best possible serv- 242 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ABOUT INDIANS

ice. Therefore we begin the child lies, to their communities. to their race. with the Montessori Method of train­ to the state and to the country at large ing. Tulalip is the first and only In­ as safe, sane, soher, useful, upright,in­ dian school, so far as is now known, to dustrious and intelligent citizens. It utilize this method, and has been doing seems to us that there could be no so for several years. This starts the higher success than that, even though child out well and starts it out right. it is a form of success that attracts so that it is ready to take the next little notice generally. proper step and the next one after The school is organized on a munici­ that, and so on. All of this means pal basis of pupil self-government­ that the mind shall be inspired and two cities, in fact; one for the girls quickened for service, the hand shall and one for the boys. This not only be trained to bear its burden co-ordi­ inCUlcates a strong sense of personal natel), in intelligent and progressive responsibility and of civic responsibil­ service, and that the heart shall be ity, but it also teaches and trains as warmed and enthused to brotherhood. well as imparts habits of self-control purity, truth, high hope, noble aspira­ and self-government. It also imparts tion and all those finer attributes that practically the principles of civics, of surely and solely even though slowly civil government and the beginnings raise man above the level of the brute of citizenship with all of its du ties. creation, bringing him into a clearer privileges and obligations. It is a con­ vision of the stars and the high and crete method of teaching an abstract holy things of life. subject by living it and being it It Carl Schurz has truly said: "Ideals is a laboratory method of teaching civ­ are like stars: you will not succeed in ics, and more than ci\'ics. touching them with your hands, but, The school is in a beautiful stimu­ like the ea-faring man on the desert lating and inspiring location.' It en­ of water. you choose them as your dea vors to afford the Indian child the guides. and, following them. you reach environment of sympathy, encourage­ your destinv." ~ent. ambition and aspiration, in addi­ The aim at Tulalip is to endeavor to tIOn to the other needful things. In supply to the Indian child a thoroughly fact, the entire establishment endeav­ practical and utilitarian training. to ors to ,?eet in every possible way, and teach habits of work and better habits ~ effiCIently and as thoroughly as fal­ of better work. We desire to have hble human nature may perm it, it· our children of some practical value fi.ve-fold .human problem- (l)scholas- and use to themselves. to their fami- hc:. (2) m~ustrial, (3) domestic, (4) CI\lC and 1<» social.

AKE ~~! :'lake it a rule, whatever is given YOU to do whatever re­ • ,nslblhty I thru t upon VOll to make good D' h' u< M h If fi . h - . 0 not leave t In,,- a nIS ed. or do them in a slipshod slove I' . bem to a complete fini h' put vou t d k ' n y manner. BUIld t . - ra e-mar Upon whate hr h - ur hands. so that it will stand th t t f. ver passes t oug ) 0 e es 0 } our em plover , . d . a. your own self-respect . -0 ' S.• "uar den. - s scrutmy an mcre-e THE HOPI Si\AKE DA~CE

N THE automobile we duces it is an example of the expres­ have an invention sions concerning this ceremony made that has wrought by the better class of tourists who many changes and are interested in the Indian only to brought to us many the extent of seeing him made a useful new and pleasing and self-supporting American citizen. conditions. Itsgreat­ On September 30th, at five o'clock in the est use is as an anni­ afternoon, occurred at Oraibi plateau. what hilator of distances, is withwt doubt the most harbaric and '\\eird and in this use it has of all the Indian religious ceremonies. brought the Indian country in closer The snake dance, which will in a few years become a thing of the past, was originally a touch with civilization and the old In­ prayer for rain, thatrriver of life in the sandy dian nearer than ever to Iris ultimate stretche' of desert where the Moqui Indians fateabsortion with the white race. have dwelt for centuries In abridging the distances from rail­ Long before the conquering Spaniards made road points to Indian villages and their way across the deserts of New Mexico and Arizona, the Moqui Indian priests were pueblos, tucked far away in the heart celebrating their barbaric rite, believing it of big reservations, the horseless car­ would bring rain and abundant crops. riage has accomplished much for the A great man)' white people attend this dance Indian, not the least of which is fur­ every year, and the writer was fortunate nishi ng ready access to tourists to all enough to be asked to go in an automobile party of twenty leaving Williams, Arizona. parts of Uncle Sam's Indian reserva­ Thede~ertcountry is strange and beautiful. tions, heretofore visited by but few of The stretches of sand fade in the far distance the more adventurous white travel­ into blue haze, broken by towering mesas, ers, thus turning the "spot light" of rising abruptly hundreds of feet in the air. public opinion not only on what the In­ glittering crimson and gold in the sunshine. No trees in sig-ht, except a few cottonwoods dian doe~, but what Uncle Sam, him­ marking the trail of a buried river. Air clear, self, is doing in his behalf. crisp. and invigorating, with a wind blowjng Few white people used to brave the constantly, like an ocean wind. long wagon or horseback trip from At the village, or rather government settle­ Gallup. Holbrook, Williams or Flag­ ment, which is at the foot of a lofty mesa. we camped. twenty auto, full. staff to witness the Hopi Snake Dance. The afternoon of the dance, the long line This year saw a revolution in thi re­ of would-be speetato", plodded slowly up the spect. due to the automobile, for at windin;r road It>ading to the crest of the mesa, thi' greatest of all pagan ceremonies all autos being forbidden to pass a certam pOlnt. held in September we learn that hun­ The vi lage per

In the center of the square was a large Immediately they began gliding swiftly to­ circular enclosure marked off by a rope, with ward the rope barrier. Just before one could a cluster of poplar boughs, in the form of a cross, an Antelope priest (one who took no grain shock, in the center. part in this rite of the snakes) cast sacred Farther up the street was what looked at meal on its tail, stroked it with an eagle fealh· first sight to be a crude cistern with a ladder er, then swooping with amazi ng swif.tnes~. sticking out of the opening. This, however, seized the reptile and flinging it high In the is the Kiva, where the priests wash the air, still retaining his grasp, let it fall over snakes and perform various other secret rites one arm where it remained writh ing. In a before emerging into the public eye. few min~tes the Antelope priest would have At last out they came, twenty in all, three five or six hideous snakes coiling all over hl!l of them tiny children, hideously painted in body. Then he would take them to the priest pink and black, eagle feathers trailing from within the poplar boughs and give them to their bonnets, elaborately designed buck. him to be distributed afresh. skin tunics and moccasins, their exquisitely The dance continued about thirty minute~. made necklaces of turquoise and silver. At the end the snakes were hurled violently They came chanting with that peculiar step in a heap .'t the edge of the rope enclosure which IS now danced in modern ball rooms as sacred meal cast over them, and then they the "Boston," but which looks much better were seized in handfuls br each dancer and the way the Indians do it. They dress the part, YOU see. borne away in two differe~t directions to tht very edge of the cliff, where they were One priest went inside the poplar boughs ca" over on to the desert below. and dIsappeared from view. Therestcircled slowly and rhythmically round and round The final rites were concluded there and as chanting wierdly and stamping the ground the Indians could be seen only with field glass· directly in front of the poplar boughs. Then es, one could not tell what they did. In half an hour they returned, washed clean of pamt. they hned up in two equal divisions, faCing each other, and with wands of eagle feathers, and descended into the Kiva. f arms .lnterlocked. Swayed from side to side, The Snake Dance impresses one as on~ 0 touchIng the ground lightly with the wands the most primitive and solemn ceremonl~:' iC at each step, Gradually the chant rose to a It is hard to realize that even yet such a re 'd ,'Ith hIgher key. At last they turned, one behind of a savage past should exist side by 51 e the other, and passed by the poplar boughs. the government schools, stores, and as. I sa" A .. every other priest passed, the priest in one Indian dwelling, a sewing macbme. Within paSsed him a writhing snake, gener­ The fact of the education of the younger ally a rattler, which he proceeded to place in generation of Indian is what will SOOD ClUff · . h extinct (Ir h,s mouth,_the head about six inches away_ t hIS ceremony to become elt er td and conllnued on his way. At a certain in­ hopelessly commercialized. as the educat d ~e~lval the snakes were dropped, very care. Indian looks with contempt at the dance, a~ u y, head POinting away from the priests. could not be induced to touch one of t , snakes. _. ------

THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR AL-ABOUT INDIANS 245

THE STORY OF AN INDIAN EMPEROR. that it would be greatly to his advantage to get the white men's weapons for his tribe to O NCE upon a time there wasan emperor of use in war. But Captain .John Smith was a Virginia. A sure-enough emperor, who shrewd old chap also, and he realized that if had a gold crown and a license to wear it, al· the Powhatan outfit ever succeeded in equip­ though as a matter of fact, being a person of ping itself with firearms it was likely to be all simple tastes, he preferred the tail feathers day with his colony. So he refused to trade of an eagle for headgear. swords and guns to the Indians, and did his You see, the first and only emperor of Vir­ best to prevent the savages from stealing ginia happened to be an Indian, one of the them, at the same time striving always to kind Pope wrote about· with an untutored conciliate Powhatan and his tribesmen. mind-and he really didn't care a rap about It was with that end in view that King the title of emperor and the gold crown and James sent over a crown and robe and in· coronation robe which went with it and were structions to crown Powhatan. The king the gifts of King James I of England, play­ figured that the Indian chief would be so fully known as the wisest fool in Ch ristendom. dazzled by those baubles that he would be Powhatan was the chief's name, and he had the slavish admirer of the English for the rather more power before the English hung rest of hi> life. But King James didn't know the title of emperor on him then afterward. Powhatan When Captain Smith fetched You may have forgotten thi. man Powhatan; word to the chief of the honor which was to he was Pocahontas' dad, and the most influ­ be bestowed upon hIm and urged him to come ential Indian in Virginia when Captain John down to Jamestown to receive the crown, Smith and his worthless colonists made their Powhatan declined. first appearance in the Old Dominion and "Your king has sent mf' pre!'ents, " he said; founded the settlement of Jamestown. And "I also am a king. Here I will stay eight it was Powhatan who ordered his braves to days to receive them. Your captain is to beat Captain Smith after he had staked him come to me, not I to him." out, with a large flat stone under his head. Smith had offered the aid of the colonists And we all remember how little Pocahontas, in fighting a tribe with which Powhatan'S most brave and romantic like, saved the cap­ men were at war but that offer was declined tain's life. also, Powhatan remarked curtly that he Well, it was after this that his real corona­ was quite able to fight his own battles. So tion took place. The Smith colony at James­ at last Smith and his associate, Captain New· town survived for a number of years, and port. had to bring the crown and robe to the there are quite a few descendents of the lead· chief's lodge. They gave him a bedstead er to be found in America today. But at first and b.,in and pitcher which King James had they had hard sledding. Captain Smith spent sent, and the chief showed keen interest. a good deal of his time when he wasn't crack­ But when they tried to put the coronation ing the whip Over his trifling followers to robe around him he drew back and wrapped make them work, in exploring the small riy· his own mantle of fur abcut him. ers of Virginia in the hope that one of them It took s(}me argument before Powhatan would lead him into the South Sea. He also could be per;uaded that the ermine-trimmed put in a good deal of time bartering for corn cloak was meant as an hC1nor and was not with the Indians, for the settlers didn't raise s.)me ~ort of a snare. Then came the matter enough grain to support themselves most of of cro'l.-ning him. It is part of every civilized the time. And so he came into frequent con· coronation ceremony that the candidate kneel tact with Powhatan. to h3\'e the crown placed upon his brow. The Indian chief's attitude toward the white Powhatan wouldn't kneel. Smith pleaded, invaders varied. Undoubtedly he felt al' urged, commanded, having to do it all through along that if they were to pack up their be­ an interpreter. The c::oronation was at a I~~g~n~s and sail back to England society in halt. :Theodore Roosevelt gave his answer to the kets wpre only the while man's way of doing question in a little public talk he had with him honor. newspaper men recently. He said: Ati ast they calmed him, and the new-made "The open road to success in character, to emperor. to show his graciousness, gave fair material prosperity, lies in the foundation Newport his cast-off fur cloak and moccasins, of common honesty and hard work. Common pointing out through his interpreter that it honesty is plain honesty with everybody. was no small honor for an ordinary white Plain honesty just sticks fo r the right and man to be allowed even the discarded gar­ the truth under all circumstances. You never ments of an emperor. have to guess at the character of anyone who Powhatan's name bobs up constantly is plainly honest. through all the early history of the James­ "Hard work produces results. Loafing town colony. Generally keeping the peace, never produced but one result-a ruined body at last nominally, he was always an un-­ and soul. Hard work cures the blues, de­ certain quantity. Twice Pocahontas came to spair, changing dark days into sunshiny ones. the English in time to warn them of plots Hard, intelligent work is one of the best her father had laid against them. Finally a friends any man ever had. It is good for the British shipmaster captured the girl while body, splendid for the mind and upbuilding she was visiting a neighboring tribe on the for the soul. Potomac and she was held a prisoner. Word "When we see any person who is honest and Will; sent to Powhatan that she would not be has the capacity for hard work we may safe­ released until he agreed to release certain ly put it down that they will accomplish some­ Engli.h colonists whom be held, give the thing in life that will be a credit to tbem­ Jamestown colonists a large quantity of corn selves and helpful to the world. No sane and returned all the guns and swords his person works just to benefit himself. He people had succeeded in stealing from the works to elevate not only himself, but his whites. Powhatan hesitated several months neIghbors. He is unselfish in what he does but finally agreed to everything except th~ because he wishes others to advance with return of the arms. He realized it was of him. "-Our Boys' Magazine. the utmo.t Importance that Indians should Know how to shoot and have the material to Holhinr Wondn!ul iu This. shoot witb If they were to hold tbeir own agamst the white men. The story is now going the rounds that tn There followed a Hurry of warfare, and 1773 the Indians sold what is now the state of Illinois to the pale faces for two sticks of red then t ..o of Powhatan's brothers came to candy. take Pocahontas back. They learned from the girl that she bad fallen in love with a Doubtless this is troe. There are plenty of young Englishman, John R,)lfe, and the people in Illinois right now who would sell . Emperor of Virginia" gave his consent to something they had no use for in exchange the matcb. But he refu,ed to come to for a bit of imported goods. Jamestown to attend the ceremony. It might Land was nothing to the Indians of 1773. be only another of the roses of that Smith It Was here by the million acres. All they man, the emperor believed. Later the gov­ had to do was to roam over it. It was just as ernor of the :olony, ir Thomas Dale, asked ~asy to wander from Indiana to Michigan as tbe privilege of marrying I'owhatan's second It Was from Indiana to Illinois. Probably in daul:hter. The chief declined the offer conr- many respecl3 it was a lot easier.-Auror2 (Ills.) Beacon. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 247

OUR GOVERNMENT INDIAN SCHOOLS AS article on "Applying Efficiency Principles to EDUCATIONAL PIONEERS, Education. ,. Just how long such a system has been in vogue in our large Indian schools goes further y_ M. Cl~r in Sherman Bulletin. than our mind runneth to the contrary. I t is E SOMETIMES wonder if the majority very probable that the neglect in applying the W of Indian school workers have a suffi­ proper scientific classification to our de­ cient idea of the importance of the work they partures has deprived us of the opportunity of are engaged in doing. Has their conception helping Bome who are facing similar problems. of the object of the Service Instilled within The ideal with which Indian education was them a sense of pride in being indentified with inaugurated w8scitizenship. The innovatione it? Are they conscious of the national import which have characterized its progress have of the work as a vocational profession? We been the applicahon of common-sense prin­ will not attempt to answer these questions, as ciples to its problems. In order that its for­ we do not intend that this article shall be the ward progre~:; be maintained we must keep basis of contention in any respect, but we do our eyes upon its primary ideal with a con­ assert that there is ample reason for every sciousness that it IS an American problem as worker in our Indian schools being justly well as an Indian problem. proud of the fact that he is identified with a The co-educational advantages of our In­ class of work that has been carried on for dian schools far exceeds those of private or many years and which is being recognized as public institutions. Students receive social one of the most important factors in the instruction, not abstract lessons alone, but education of the youth of all classes. the knowledge that comes from a~tual social From time to time there has appeared in contact. The gocial amenities are such that current periodicals and the daily press various U1ey have a salutatory and disciplinary effect articles bearing on the subject of modern upon the natures of the students despite the education. The articles in themselves are difference in types presented by the large splendid, especially those in the journals de­ number in attendance. voted to the progress of education. How­ Every employee in the school is a social ever splendid these articles may be, in both mentor. Their home life and daily inter­ the educational aDd lay publications, it is sur course with one another is a concrete les on prising to note what might be termed a lack for every boy and girl; lessons that they can­ of knowledge on the part of the authora of not elect to take or escape, because they are there being agovernment department devoted a part of their environment. The influences to the educat,on of Indians. We find them which tend to make considerate men and advocating methods U!'ed in Germany. France women under su~h conditions have a far and other foreign nations as a justification of greater play, even though unorganized, than their adoption in our own country. There is where tbis important branch of education is nothin~ to be. aid againstthese methods other left to artifical bodies of students, often than that authors of these articles could find beyond the pale of the authority of the many of the same methods in operation right institution. here at home in our Indian schools with soch Indian schools are not only offering an results as to place their theories beyoDd the opportunity to their students to acquire the realms of po:,sible conjecture. e. g. equipment for making good livelihoods, but at "'Highly important is thec~ordination while the same time are training them to live good still in school between actual work and study. lives. The latter training will insure ambi­ At present all our education sy~tem is based tion and pr~ess in whatever material oc­ upon preparaton for coJ1f'ge- to which actu­ cupation they follow_ ally -j)i; never 1Z"o! For tbi:, ~reat ma~s of We ba"e no hesitancy in stating that our there should be provision for actual co­ schools are now headed in the direction to­ ordmation of -:;tudy room and workshop. A ward ..-hat is CODCeded, or advocated, by half day at school and a half day in office or some of the leading educational thinkers as factory is the ideal. In Germany, Ja,pan and the ideal condition for training the large Cincinnati_ where thi> bas been tried, the re­ proportion wbo do Dot finish their courses in aults have been satisfaetory,·' So says J. tbe high scbools. We are getting results that do not discourage higher education, but George Frederick, vice-president of a met­ rather place a premium upon it, which makes ropolitan educational institution in a long it more desirable. 248 THE INDIA: SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

AN OLDINDIAN VILLAGE DISCOVERED. The material used by the Indians in mak ing these pots and water bottles was a fine· grain· T WENTY. EIGHT Indian skeletons were ed red clay tempered with mussel shells fi ne· dug up in a field at the mouth of the Iy pulverized, which they got from the rivers. North Fork River in a locality bordering on the The most interesting relic ever found on White some time ago, and recent work atthe the White River was found a sho rt tim e ago same place which uncovered more skeleton~. in the shape of a bear· tooth necklace. Junio pottery model.'d from clay, pipes, curiously Case, of Ruddels, Ark., in making his explor· turned stone Imp lements and weapons, and ations, came upon the skeleton of a large In· beads and other articles, cunni ngly wrought dian, presumably a chief. In the earth just from mussel-shells, have created quite an below the skull, where the neck should have interest among local archaeologists. been, was the necklace, the buckskin string They ~ave also given a much more compre­ that once held it together long ago rotted, but henSIve Idea of the habits afthe Ozark aborig. every tooth in place. mes than any hke diSCovery e er made if. Most of the weapons and implements used the White River country of the ~zarks. This by the aborigines of the Ozarks were made find was made on the farm of S. J, Hutche. from stone. The material used was fl int of son. a merchant at the little ,;lIage of Nor. two colors, black and a light yellow or ecru. folk, Ark" and the relics found, especially They also used a glassy flint called novaculite. the pottery, are in the finest state of pres. This material came from quarries in Garland ervatlon of any eVer found in this section. county. Ark., near Hot Springs. Many of The mound lay at the end of the second them are from 15 to 40 feet deep. The largest bench to a bottom field d fi t d' , an was rs IS- were opened and worked by the aborigines covered by Tom Martin a t h I ' ren er, wop ow- for the novaculite which they prized highly, ed up several pieces of b k t d ro en po tery an and many tribes from all over t he United bones. People living at N f Ik t k ... oro 00 an active mterest In uncove . h fi d B States used to make pilgrimages to that place -d h' I rtOg ten, e· for this material. Sl es t IS P ace, smaller fi d- f I-k d 't' h n:,oalee_ scrip Ion ave been unco ed h The most commonly found articles are the ' - Ver on t e Upper North Fork, Wh Ite and B ff I' . stone arrow points, from the size of a little k u a 0 rivers m Ar- an, as. and on the James d Who . M' finger nail up to as large as 8·inch tomahawks sour;'. aD Ite m 15- rounded and sharpened on both edges. with a The tribes that inhabit d h ridge in the center for the handle; hoes made the Quapaws A k e t e Ozarks were ,or r ans d h much like the common garden hoe of modern It was from th A ,as, aD t e Osages, times, but straight, without the crook, with state of Arkansaes t rkansas tribe that the which to culivate their crops. , Oak its Th cestor-- of the t 'b name, e an· :-. rI es which Besides these some stone mo rtars have great families were the 0 make up those two been found which they uSfd to grind their ed into the Ozark Se t' akotas, who drtft· corn for bread. These are for the most part That the Indians cwl~n ,cram the east. made of sandstone of hard variety and of fin; country were farm 0 Inhabited the Ozark ers as II texture. Most of them are about a foo t an warriors can be seen f We as hunters and a half across and from six to eight inche, camP5. which can rOIll th e Iocatton . of their even no be ' thick, with a small bowl ground out in t.~e ed in the numerous rock \Ii W eaSily locat- middle. The small round rocks wh ·IC h fit In ",ed by them that eapons and utensils d were , are fa d ' the bowls are always found near, an Invanbly these 10cat· Un at these stte •. IOnS ' b' used to do the grinding with. bottom fields, near SOme b' are In t e nchest Unlike manyof the tribes of the southwest. bo . tne, rIvers .od largest creek Ig Spnng, along the especially the :-.ravajos, the Ozark a rtg t' The most interestin s. . had no real sense of art, and t heIT· elfor·Ir aborigines is their PO~t rehc of the Ozark ery along this line were very crude. The on d shOWed more mO

THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 249

CLIFF DWELLINGS IN MESA VERDE PARK. facture and used a tenacious mud mortar. The Mesa Verde cliff dwellers had one char­ San Francisco Chronic~. acteristic in common with their less progres­ A NOTHER rich field for the anthropolo- sive cave-dwelling neighbors; like the latter, gist and the palentologist, as well as a they selected as the site of th.ir village the new wonderland for the sightseer, has just sideof an overhanging cliff on which the winds been opened up in the Mesa Verde National of centuries had worked escarpments that ex­ park, located in Southwestern Colorado. It is tended in a grand sweep for several miles. a settlement of considerable size of prehisto­ At the base, and up under the winderoded ric cliff dwellers and is located about 25 miles cliff, the people constructed stone and brick from the town of Mancos. The Federal De­ houses. The architecture was simple, but partment of the Interior has opened a road nevertheless somewhat ingenious. The floor to the park, and scores of students from of the mesa was leveled off for a floor and American universities have tramped among foundation, and the bottom of the projecting the interesting ruins, searching for some of strata of the cliff that had withstood the wind the missing chapters in the history of man. longest was smoothed for the roof. Between Compared with the ruder cave dwellings in this top and bottom provided by the elements New Mexico they mark an epochal advance walls were builtof stone and brick. The build­ in the evolution of a strange and extinct race ers used white and gray bricks or stone, and of people. Take, for instance, the ruins of sometimes varied the colors-the upper stories the cave village called in the language of the in white and the lower in gray, or vice versa. Pueblo Indians "Tsankawi." The builders Doors and square apertures for air and light selected the exposed side of the mesa and were built on regular levels. honeycombed it with dugouts, taking advan­ When built against the side of the cliff the tage of the fissures and niches caused by the ordinary family bomes were generally rectan­ erosion of wind and water. These they en­ gular. though there were extensions at irreg­ larged with stone-cutting instruments, and ular lengths and heights. But further away then at great labor dug out caves inside the from the walls of the cliff circular .structures cliff. The interior outlines were often irreg­ were put up. They tapered toward a smaller ular, depending upon the readiness with which circumference at the top. Inside, however, SOme spots did or did not yield to their "picks." stairs led from one floor to another. Some The primitive idea of self-preservation and of these tower-like structures were four or Protection from enemies product"d consider­ five stories high and had windows on each able ingenuity in constructing pillars and mak­ floor le\'el. A large general entrance was ing a zigzag entrance, but they did not con­ left at the bottom, and on the roof was some struct stairways. A gradual incline led from sort of ceremonial platform. one story to another, which was neither ecc>­ Another "block" away from the cliff circu­ nomical nor as effective in defense against lar pits were dug in the ground and walled in intruders. The entrances to the caves were with brick and then walled off into apart­ generally on the same level for purposes of ments. communication by interior passages, but ven­ The ruins in Mesa Verde are in a sufficient tilation and light had no place in their scheme state of preservation to show that there was of construction. Briefly summarized, the cave a well· defined civic plan for architectural uni­ dWellings were the outcome of an attack up­ formity, though it was considerably modified on nature to wrest from it the rudest sort of by the natural contour of the cliffs. It is an abode. The process was as tedious as it very probable that the oldest and most fully Was primitive. realized civic center scheme on the American In the case of the Mesa Verde cliff dwellers continent was in Mesa Verde. the indication of advance toward modem apt­ The ruins establish another interesting and ~ e~ is so marked as to permit the conclusion, impressive fact-a high development in the If It were not for other evidence that the\' ,ocial relations. The buildings show that were descended from a different r~ce of p~ there was segregation into family groups and pie than the cave dwellers. The advance in in­ group' of families. One large building has telligence was profound. They were masons. attached to it on either side two or three Jess ;!"ey utiHzed and augmented nature. They pretentious ones. We may safely cooc'lude Ullt theIr houses with dressed stone blocks that in the "big house" father and mother and sun-baked clay bricks of their own manu- lived, and in the adjoining ones son and daugh- 250 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS ter-in-law had their separate establishments_ was allowed to visit them. The medici In some of the buildings there are small pri­ given by the Snake Priest was a preparati vate rooms with a narrow sleeping bench for obtained from boiled leaves, which was tak one. These connect with the central chamber internally every meal time. The wound w of the big house by a narrow door_ Certainly also bathed in a Similar solution twice a da these were for the use of the carefully guard­ Amos was isolated with his mother for fa ed maiden daughter_ days and on the fifth day he was pronounc But the dwellers of this curious little vil­ cured and all restrictions removed. For so lage have vanished. Whence came they and time he found it impossible to sleep in t whither have they gone? And why-theeter­ night, so his mother called in a medicine m nal why? who extracted some object from his han It is not to be expected that the Mesa Verde which he would not let the patient see. Am relics will solve much of the riddle, but a care­ left for Sherman the next week and to sho ful examination will doubtless produce some­ that his fingers are all right and that nO mi. thing of value to the sadly inadequate history takes would occur in this account of his stor of American people before the coming of the he set up the type himself. - The Sherm European_ Archaeologists say it is the best Bulletin. preserved village of its kind in the United States, and the Federal government has tak­ Why th, Indians fought. en measures to protect it from the tourist The Indians had to fight, yet there we vandal. One group of buildings is 300 feet long chiefs among them that were for peace. T and contains 200 rooms and 22 kivas, or circu­ Indians fought the pale faces because the. lar ceremonial rooms. It requires but a were being robbed o( their hunting ground small measure of calculation and imagination and their land and their property. to reconstruct the ancient city completely. This is the reason the Indians foug ht. The government plans to preserve it as a The Indians fought for their homes and fo sort of national monument. their food and for their existence. The Indl- h·t aDS were constantly menaced by the w 1 A Hopi Sub Curt. settlers, and saw them come to this count!')' Amos Addington returned to school last and take away their property and convert It week and has taken up his work in the print­ to their own use. ing department_ Amos was delayed in leav­ So the Indians fought. ing his home for school on account of being Yet among the savage Indians there were bitten by a rattlesnake. Accompanied by a chiefs and leaders and braves who we~e o~ boy friend he started out to get some water­ posed to figh ting and who were clamonng e melons. On arriving at the patch he selected the time for peace-peace at any cost_peac. el a fine looking melon and while feeling for the even though peace meant the loss of th ; stem felt a stinging sensation, but at the hunting ground. and their Indian lands and a time thought it was the scratch of a stick. their possessions. . After picking up the melon he was startled Just now what a rebuke we see in theSe by a big rattlesnake scuttling away for other words of the Indian Chief Joseph to madera cover_ Amos looked at his finger and noticed civilization, to modern refinement and to a small globule of water-like substance and modern culture and humanity: "From whert blood upon his fin~er. He called to his COm­ the son now stands, I will fight no mort panion who ad'ised him to suck it. Amos tied forever."-Evansville Ind.) Journal Ne"" a string around his finger and the two started for home, which was about a mile and a half Sonora, CaL-The oldest Indian o( ~ from where they were. The other boy run on the tribes hereabouts and believed to be t f ahead to tell his mother, who on being infor­ most aged Indian in C'aHfomia, passed out ~II l med of what had happened rushed over to get existence this week when "Old Capta the nake Priest and they all hastened to meet Billy" died at the ra~ch of "Chief" Fuller. Amos. The nake Priest gave him a root of 'BiBy" was known to have lived over 8 bU~ 'Wme kind to chew and ordered him to continue dred years, but how many years after t~ sucking the wound, which had begun to swell cannot be determined to a certainty .. UP.,.d the finger and callSe a .light pain. Amos and within the last few years he was active h~s mother were q~antined on reaching the a familiar character around towo.-Stockt'" Village and exceptmg the Snake Prie t no one Mail. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ABOUT INDIANS 251

ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH WORK Phoebe Hearst spent.5O,OW a year for five years in ethnological work in California alone. "m AMONG INDIANS, There are perhaps 17,000 Indians in California. "I should say tho ethnology of the United "lS From Christian Seienc:e Monitot'. HE sundry civil appropriation bill fo, the States, or a history of its Indian tribes, neces­ T current fiscal year carries $42,000 for the sarily form. the very basis of the history of continuation of the ethnological researchesof our eountry. That history does not begin the Smithsonian Institution among the Amer­ with the colonial period, nor even with the " ican Indians. There had been a request for period of discovery, but ralherwith its settle­ • $65,000, but the House appropriations com­ ment by the aborigines whom the first white mittee felt that it would be sufficient to set people found here. apart $42,000, which is the amount appropri­ "Every school history starts with something ated for the same purpose the year before. in regard to our aborigines, and I suppose A good deal of the work in American eth­ there is no part of American history about nology has been finished, but officials of the which there have been more popular fallacies. Smithsonian Institution say that no time can For that reason our work has a practical basis. be set for its completion. Of late years es­ In other words, I believe it would not be pos­ pecial attention has been devoted to the Indi­ sible to record the history of America now an tribes of the United States, which owing without using the facts made available for the to the advance of settlement and the inftuence first time by the publications of the bureau of of civilization, are rapidly becoming modified. ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution. It is held by the authorities that it is neces­ "We sre able to measure in some degree sary to make a study of Indian ethnology by popular interest in this work by the demand tribes, which not only requires a great amount that exists for our publications and which of detail, but causes the work to cover a com­ number thousands every year. It is to such paratively large period of time. The reason people that many of our publications go." for the study of the several tribes separately is stated by Frank W. Hodge, ethnologist in I.dl .... of 8""il. charge of the bureau: In the central part of Brazil, the great Unit­ "There is a prevalent belief that Indians ed States in South America, there are still are all pretty nearly alike, and that there is many Indian tribes living much as they did be­ little variation between the members of the fore white people came to the land. Some­ different tribe:;. This, however. is not the times the mothers dre.ss the babies in gay-col­ case. Take the question of languages alone. ored calico gowns, but this is done for orna­ .'orth of the Mexican line there are 46 ab,o­ men t only, and as a rule they run about in the lutely differentlinguistic stocks; that is to say, sun~hjne without any clothes. The motheh 46 languages that bear no relation to each carry the babies in a queer way, differently other_ They are just as different to all in­ from the way North American Indians carry tents and purpo~es as Greek and Chinese, the papoose. A long strip or scarf of cloth which fact greatly complicates the ethnolog­ goes round the mother's neck and shoulder ical researches in which the institution is en­ and makes a kind of sling in which the baby gaged, and necessitates a considerable period rides at her side, under her left arm. You of time for the solution of problems. can see his little brown legs and arms and his 4'Wehave here. in theseprimitiveianguages, fuzzy head sticking out of the broad band. a b.. is for the study of the origin and history His bair ,s kept short, but the mothers wear of language-material that is of value_ The their.s long, streaming down to their shoulders. same thing is true with reference to the arts In one pia•• wa> seen a little girl of 10 in a and customs of the Indian" their belief" re­ lon~ dre ,stalking about on a tall pair of ligious and social institutions, and the like. stilts. When tbe children went to gather "Some of this work i,; being done by insti­ vegetables from the field for dinner the deep tutions and privateindividuai:;;, but in a smaller bas et was carned across the shoulders and and more local way. For example, there is a held by a band that went around the forehead gentleman in Philadelphia who has beeD doing and a~k over the ears. Some travelers saw im)X>rtant archeological work along some of one Indian child playing with what looked like a shuttlecock, a little feathered toy tbat he the southern stream,. California is a field kept tossiul( in the air. It was loaded at the which the government has left practically un­ end and always came down with the feathers touched because it is in other hands. Mrs_ sticking up.-San Diego (Cal.) Union. 252 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

WHAT CHARACTER IS. vice and effort j yet it cao be destroyed by OOt rash 8("t and can again be built onl y afier year.; By F. W. KNICJlT. of patient effort. A good ('haracter is within the Graduate of the ChikN:co Indian School reach of all fo r we unconsciously form it from daJ HARACtER j,whatwereally are. Reputa­ to day by our thoughl.. and deeds, and to makt Chllll is what other people say we are. Our our <"haracter great our deeds a nd th oughh (rom reputation is generally the same as our charader, to-day must be increasingly pure aDd noble and but not nhrap. An enemy mar ruin 'four great. The poet bas aptly .. aid, " We build the good reputati!)n by telling a false h ~od about ;.ou, ladder by which we rise fro m the lowly earth to but he (,nn never ruin your character; only you the boulted skies and mount to its ~ u m mit round can dt 1 that, and in the end the good rhararter by round," will win back the good reputation. A good charader is one of the great 3.';seb of Character i:. the result of a number of different life. It has been said b,- one of our g'reat finan­ force.. A g')O(f character exemplifies hurnan ciers that he has let me~ have a millon dollar, naturt in its hi«he~t form", for it exhibit.. mao at on no other :-ecurity than that of a good ('harar­ his be-t. Great brain power and a great cbarat­ ter. We rnav never be tru.;ted with ~ o much ter do not alway..; go together, but when ther do money, bul \;e can huild a character ",jth which we h,ne man in hi .. highest fonn. . human life ('an be trwted. for we know thAt a Although genilb "«ures admiration, rharader life i'i worth more than all the riches the world ~ecure. re"pect. The former is the result of the has eVer produced. A great general on("e said; brain power; the latter the result of the heart ")Ien are hogs who feed on gold. I tbro .. power: and after all it is the heart that rule!'li in them gold and lead them whithersoefer I wiJI," life. 'len of genius 'itand in their relation to but he was evidently not speaking of men of good society R5 its intellect, while men of character charader. ~tand A'; its concience; and while the former are Though all our earthly posseso;:ions are swept admirf,d, the latter are follOWed . away and false friends desert us, if we hare a For ,n example of a noble eharacter let u" 100Ik ~o()d ('harader we wi ll soon recover all by our for a rnrunent at the life of Abraham Lincoln. ..;en-i('e to Our fellow men. A good character H e w'~ honut, fair, tender heart-> and . at mercI- will always yield good serrice. and let us erer ful , yd tirm in his desire to do his dut\" at an,- be Willing to gi\'e to those who need. cn .. t. It ha.... ken s;tid Qf him that he bore ou'r It takes great courage to Ih-e up to the t1¥. hi SOrro""': he carried. our Rrief~_ Throuth ~"e principle... ; not phy.;icalcourage, butthecour~e tryiDjl d p from '61 to '6.) he held the rein" of tht dares to endure- all aDd "uiTer all for tru ~ the ShIp nf State, aod oef"er has a milD !lho.-n and duty_ Sueh courage is mMe truly her,l)k hi~ trl)(' l'hRrarier as he did. He follOwed the than the achief"ements of physical \"AIM. w h ll~h rigid hne of duty to the ~mallest details with all i rewarded by honoN and titles. And, {eHo" his pll ft, aDd when he Was ca11-> f h' t;;U rom u~ IS ,tudents, there is no better time to build thi· C'harart('r ~ho ..ed forth. like a shining :-tar to character than in our school da,'s, when life j. guide an,l ~ua.rd the nahon during tho"e dark most impressionable. Let us w~rk fn.m day to days, AtIlt the IDfluen~ of his life liVe!! on tocll1,,; day and not forget that "The heights men not alOlle of his wonderful intellt'{'t, ~reat ~cau.'e but eo bec-au .. f I".; character will ~ta n d be reached and kept were not attained in a sud.d . as a aC(.o gUide I' llong ..~ thH ,hall remain a _ flight. but that the,-. , while their compani,o n: great nahon_ slept. were tOiling' upward through the night. We JU:lY not have either money. propertl', learnil M power, and yet be strl)ng in spiri a nd h('l rt. :" man may be aC('ompli~bed in art Santa Fe, New Mex.-Dr. t. P. Marti~: "<.·ien-- laud literature and \"'et in hon.t . • of Taos. reports the discovery of a gam ... ~ - e~ t, nrtue truthfll ur."· ~ntlene:-~ aDd "pirit f d' • ling game among the taos Indians even older (I nt, rank beneat the po<.re;t laborer with a noble ;barac­ than the game of Chanute. wbich is played ter Intt1h,"ctual (OUltu re has no n ...... tl\:1;' . -..ces\&rl' relation "ith sticks. The Pueblos are very secro . to puri \ I of e:1Celleo("e of ('baracter of; 't bas about it but have disclosed to Dr. Martin I" been • .J that a handful of"OOc! 1'f ~ on intricacies. It i. played with sticks and ston" ... , - I:' leiS worth a bUlb l"c learmng. ~ ot that I . . and the count is according to the di.r e<: rnM10 e, earning h to be d . but .t must be . 1ij~ to Pl~ • , Q! gOOdn~ slant that a stick thrown into the air fal~I:~ .,. . ,.11 r ~ bl' .-hich Ou ,,_ - .I. hl~ h' r PI: ~l tl()D In life i~ fixed relation to other objects. The game ~d is ben)",t t e rea.ch of dollars and cen ~ - nd ~as I~S ceremonial and symbolic meanings :1(1_ . J b f ~. can '". SOld not to have been described by . tbn _ nnly Ix' "" Y years (I toil and <;u ff'eri f nl!'. a Set- g ists before Dr. Martin's discovery.-A lbu qU.rque (N. M ) Journal. ------~ -

THE L DIAN SCHOOL .JOURNAL ABOUT INDIANS 252a

THE ANNUAL REPORT OF COMMISSIONER with R comhined rRpadt~· of 1,t.()() patienb, Rnd CATO SELLS, ,i\ n!:\\, hn .. pitRI ... under cOlhtrudinn, to (·:tre fl)r i popul ttion CIf thrt'e hUlldr~1 thou .. and with a THE uh :101'1;:.(" .,i(· ... cI,f 11,· rep,l,rt III' thE' Bu- high pt"rnntaKe of lUUer('ulmll-( and trachoma rt~ 01 )lIIlian \ lfalr... 1'(I\t"rLlr~ tilt' Iwri,ld ()ut col' lloll,uou Indian .. nil t\·"enatiou .. , thert" frolll July 1. I!tt:i. ttt .llIIu' :lo. l!1I~. luue been '\t'rt' t'x/lmined la<;t year fjl , ~ll, lind it WI'!..; It'atll di ... trihutt'Cl to tl,t' pre .. ,. Thi .. ('uH'r"l'rat til-'ILh: 1·1 that tllh(·n:·nlc, ..... \\.;b prt' .. t'nt in ",f)()(1 l'!l:-(> ... the lir ... t \"eiH'~ Iflt'umbell('yol (·Olllllli ..... ionE"r Sfl)'" And tra('homa in 1-l,IIUtI, It i" t' .. limated that It outline... whal hE' ha ... ;f(·('omph.dlt"d in thi .. ont' tlu·rt' are ·!.; ,IIClU .. ufi't'ring with tllh.. n · lIlo~i~ alld year and imli(',ntt-... ",olll("thin~ 01 "hat ht' hUpf'" .t;,tlIJU atHidt'd with tral'hollla, Frolll tht" ~:-JfMI. to Ilc·hit'\·t· durin){ hi ... aOllllni .. tratH'1I -,f the Uffil·f.' IHIO Rppr(lpriatE'd hy tht: ll .. t ('.oI1g-re-. .... therE' v. a~ Thert' I }Pt".t:-~ 1 H'IlI~h it tht' ..antrolling lmhiti')D narl.,. ;)\'aiIRhl.· :..: II II I,uno fr,r hr"-,Iital pnrpl'~e .. he uf C(IIn1m ...... inllt'r Sdl... to prllmolt' 11.(' il1dll~trlal "lIlt: .. clin"t't "ppropriatioi"l" for 'l :-;t.nitarium in tht" ndhitit·.. nf tht' I ndhtn populatiolJ. and If Ihf'rl" (,hnd"",, \atton, Okiaholllll, and I.1Ot: at Hed "hould he "t-Iedfd a Jlr..-tirJfllinant ft· •• tllrt' o( III .. I.Ake or I.(,t'(·h Lakt', snd f,n thE" hmJ du tat' admini .. tration, it might ht· the I'rlllllolion of ill Hf> .. t·n·slinll, "inne-Ilta, :thu (In tilt' Ito ... ebud, Pint' (hl'dry ill it.. rarious form .. , wilhnul llt.'l!lt't't, hn ... 1{ldKt't aud Cht"YE'nllf' H..-.;t'rqltinns III South Da t'\ t;'r, to tht.' other Vf'rr important rt'tllllr"-IIlt'llt-( kota. P!fln~ han: l)f"t,U prt'p:t rE'(J felr Ihe huild. of Ntlt'atinn, ht:alth, and moral upliflinl!' I II: I,f "en'lI "'IORII ho .. pit lis ut :t cr, .. t of from 1Ir.~a)~ th:lt hE' found the Indhn St;'r\"iC'(> IIi .. "'11.1100 I" ~i.j,n(JO eJt('h, nil Ihe n·--t'n at on!>. whE'rt= or~ani1.ed and di~l·ourll~t'd. Rlld t l"t he ha .. t'n tht' nf'f'd f merli('a attt'lltion ha het'll 111(;"1 delt\'ort-d to plat'''- it on .:\ ";Hllld r('(rnomi(' '\1M! ke('lIly I't'lt Tht.' work for tht' t'radil''ltioll nf t'ffiC'u'nt bu ... ine..... ba ... h., ""rkinJC in hlltllH'n.' and tr8('hrol~l:l ha: ht'ton ri}!N{)II .. ll pu .. llt'd during tht' \11, h t'nthusia!>.III , with tilt' "it'w .)f prnmoting- tht' \elr, fht' tidd ha .. ht"en c1i\idecl into n'f'f> ch~­ hl, .. t illtt'r~.;ts :>1' thf' Inti iIUl", With a thouKht r trit·t .. and 1111 ('xpert ft ... ,ignt'd to) ('(wh. obtaining a dt'Ar romprt:htn .. inll e,f tilt" viewpoint Sint'f' hi" a ..... ulliption (,f )ffict', the- Cnmmi""ioll' uf the Indian" It' hit .. endt';t\"oP'd for thl" pu~ \ held dunn!:! t If" year "IX In .. t.tut .. , . or "umm ."...... ("om rt"ht"ru IVt" plan )ten for nUlated by the Com "1·hool!'l,mdifT('rent .. ect omofthC'countr) Ok a ha~ m"'~1 nt"r (or th(' u .. e of thh monel' -'"h homa, S utt-a Dakota, Calif mla. WI t' Il.'itn. ()r­ ., ... ~ a wa\ • t, htam f, r the Indi .... thr ma:umnm nc.- ~ f'e: n, and .. 'If' 1("0. \t t eI II .. htutf"'i ~l. cou~ f In ... tm,IIOU" .-HI ullOft!. empha .. t:z: In!!, mdu: Mal ubjecl

The attention of these farmers has been l"Sllled amount of more than ha lf a million dollar~ is to the determined purpo ... e of the Cnmmi~ .. ionf"r hand in the yards at tbis mill. During the SII to offer e\"ery Indian an opportunity to better ceeding fiscal year, the Commissioner propo~es t hii industrial condilion. They have been direct­ gi"f"e special attention to the completion of R t-d to gi\"f' tltt'ir time to actual f8rmin~ in .. tru('­ af'curate inventory of the I ndian timber tinn. re:o>ervatiom:, in order that it'! dbposal and ha During the year, Indian fairs were held on ling may be intelligently observed. . twenty-two resen dions and Indilln exhibit1lt dis­ .\t the conference of field supervisors, Comrol played at eight !ltllte and county fair", ~ioner Sells gave expression to his "iew .. regar )lention i-; made of the edenshe di~o\'eries ing the liquor conditions on Indian resen-ation of oil in Oklahoma, and e:o.pecially of the meas­ an extrad of which appears "ID h"IS repor t . H ures adopted to reduce to a minimum the 'ifa... te <:'8\':;; that he believt5 the greatest present menal incident to the drilling for and producing of oil. to' the American Indian is whisky; that it de The enormous production in the Cushin~ and more to destro,~ hi'! constitution and im-ite t Healdton fields nece:-;~itAted the- hasty con"tnle­ raxages of di .. ~ase than anything else; it doe tion of open earthen tanks for :-.torage purposes, more to demoralize him as a man. and fiequent and much wlI.l:.te r~ulted thwugh evaporation Iy a!i a woman; itdoes more to make him an ea\ and "tepaRe. .\nother '1our('e of waste to whieh prey to the unscrupulous than everyt h109" el'_ attention is direded is (If natural gas fouod in combined. The operations of the IndianSerrlt connection with drillin~ operation", which ha... to protect the Indians from intoxicants extend been permitted to "blow off" or ~cape into the from Florid~ to ~ ew York in the east, and (roOl air. Stringent regulations, pro\'idiog a penalty, Washington to California in the we!!t, and fn' bale been promul~ated to prevent this waste, the .\tJantic to the Pacific Oceans_ . t and in the inst.anee of "('\'era\ lessees large fin~ The report shows a marked clecrea..<' "fiet', frt'e of ('harge, .. uBident fnr fnrh Rere'l of The "Ie of the Choctaw and Chirk..,." tJlll nd eacll eie-htY·ft.(·re all()tmf'nt \gJl:rf'

THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAl. ABOUT INDIANS 25Zc

mately. of ~,SOO.()()O were purcha!led for the "'er­ Suprtme Court of the State of OklahomB, and ,"iee duting the fiscal year ju .. t ("\O!'ed, and de­ have "inre been in (ull forl'C Bnd effect. livered at a co~t (or tr:ln'4)Hlrtation of about Tn iO!ure the pre-lirving that judg~. Thi'l force was made up in part of at concentrated effort will matf'ri!llly impro,"e the torne~·s employed at the e"\pell~e of the ~e,·era) ystem, the rommi .... ioner lort'ated in the Indian triht'll and partly at the expen .. e- of the e nited Offi« II. new division, desi~mttt'd uPun'hlL<;e," Stat und~r authe,nty of Sed ion l~ or the \('t which will handle exrlu .. in·ly the pUtCblbt" and of C, n~re .... of June 311, HH3 tran.;pc:.rtlltilm of "upplie ... Wtde .. pread and ~rn;tif)"ill~ re .. ult, hue alread) One of the bi~~e .. t thing.. al'c:ompli ... hed b) hern &t'Compli .. hro, W rongdoeN hne been pros Commi .. ~ioner Sell .. is what l1lillht be (ermoo II f'('ut~l; ('" tates ha,-e been recot'ered; dishon~t reorftsnizatinn of prot'edure relative to the and 1n('OITIpetent Jrtlardi"n~ ha\""e beE-n removed; probatinft of the e .. tstes of minor IndiRn~ in worthl('-.~ bond .. ha,-e hel-"n l"epla('~ with respon Oklahoma. He ""ys in hi~ report that the min· .. ,ble- oond .. men. and hundrtci~ of thousand~ 01 nr ('hildren of the Fi,·e Civiliud Tribt-~ are pt'r­ doll.,.. hR,"e beeD ... )n~ to Indian mino .... and hap'" the riche4 an'rage children in the l-nited .. "{dy inn.. "te-d (t'r thf'ir nenf"tit_ These diret·t State-o. whkh ennrtition re"l1lh from the fl\d th./lt rf-~lllt .. are ")"0 int'r(,"R~t"d to an extt'nt whirh ('an in allottinJr the Oklahoma Indian'S the children ImI)" ht" "l'prn"\ill1att"d by the moral infiuen('t" were gi,Yen the same number o( acre" of land s .. whkh ha .. rc..ulttci, o~)('ratinR powerfully to pre­ their paren~ and share equally in tribal funds. "ent 1\ rt').etition of wr(lngd(lin~ Rod to in"I1,., Con .. equently. when C.oIJgre~~ in the _\ct (If .\IR~­ better conditions ID the future, -l7, 19(1~. confenerl upon the t'Ounty court, pro­ The COlllmi .... ioflt'r belie\"e~ that the next leK· hate juri-.diction, there wa in\"oh·ed a ~reatt"r i .. IRture Will eoad b.,,·s in harmollY ..-ith the:.e amount of probate work thRn existt'd :loy wherl;'" (Ir",bate rul • and that Pfrmanent protection of else in the [nited States; that mllny I!'u:mlians Ihl" pr')"lf'rty (.f indiRn mino,.... wtll ht> a .. ~ured. were appointed without regard to their titDe· ... And inwlHnt bondsmen accepted. an.:! that it wa-''Illllt Hittio( the: Uquor MtIl a. TtlliD( Blow_ .·nt'ommon for the land .. ofminnr Indi:lIlchilrlrell Cato St"lT, i .. the tir .. t Commho .. ioner of Indiall to he ~old on apprai~emenL.. intlue-nl-ed by pr'l­ \fflllr .. to make u.sp (If St"('tion ::?I1'~i (If the Re\"i~ed .. pedh·e purcha.. er<. and for lnRdequate prit'e!_ Statutr- of tht" (-nited ~tlltt"-o .. hieb t"mpo.'et .. E."''e~~i\'e t'ompen~ati(Jn wall mRn~· times ailowt'd him to "1I~pt"nd paymellt~ to Indian .. when IrUUdl&lb and unreasonably larJZ't" ft"e'>o j.PIid to hro bt"ht"1'(· ... there Are intoxi('atin£ liquoN within then attornep, e ndt"r th~ C'Ondititln ... thf" t'Unl"r-nient rt"a.('h. «Imm, .... ioner Se-II;;: dire<"ted proptrty of Indian children ..a frequt>ntly .. o nn-i .. hed that when fiMl reporl5 were ca.lIed f\')f the- upt"rintendent of the (}..age feo;er\""ation III Oklahoma. to .. pend the Det'eml>tr pAyment of they were not forthcoming. and estate .. wtrf" u.... "f"Vf'fIll hundered thoml.nd dollRr ... un Ie .... he I~ ()fleD fouoo to have been wholly di .. ~ip8tffi ROO uti fartonlr &~'Ilred by t echld.. ~nd head men t elf bood ... men financially Irr pon~lblt". \Jto-­ of tbf' trtoe and tht" rounty and town otfict-,-.., aho ~ether it den_loped .eondltioD dem"ndinJ! .. pt"ffi~· the leading t'"itizt"f1 of Pawhu~ka. that the law .nd radical re(orm~ K~Im:t rUmJlliquN to the India.l'I~ (Ir iDtrodu('­ He arran,ed fClf ron(erenca to be held wI~b lOll ~mf" into Indian ("()untrv l~ "tridly enforced. the eounty Jud1lt", prosecuting' Rttorney". di .. tfid Tbtre h.~ been gr .. ~ nolation f the liqUN Judj!t"-. ••nd otheN iotere .. ted in bt"tterment.. for hut" .. lD tht" ()..agf' C'OlIntry the- territory covered by the FI\"e Ch·iliucl Tr\bt-,,_ Tbt'""e o-mtt"tent-es "-ert" Attendf'd h,­ vrartlcal1,r all o( the {"Oonty jud~e~. at which Walter 1-_ Uiek nol.. superintendent of tbt" In time a I mattt'r. ,nd tbin~ wert" f:xhausti\""", y dian all'po<'Y at Red Lakf'. hal recri\""ed notK-~ di~ and rule of probate pr.. ~urt" wen fro.>m the dt"partment of Indian JUrair .. at Wub­ adopted by the county jude:e .. , we-re appr')Tffi mS!too 1'lat the- Red Lake ~e':lty ha.. heeD ('ho­ by the pre--.ldeot of the !'tatt" County Judg-t· ... ' "en a the ~ltf' for a '!oOl.j,OOO uDitariom for the­ \ iOciati, n. and .. oon fu:reafter were officiallT Inc:har~. whiC'h i~ tIl bt- erf'1"teci by the Jl0\"em­ ",-fi( ptffi and prolmul2'llteci hy lhf' Judl!t>"-- flf the mf"~· 2.5211 THE I~DIAN SCHOOL JOURl\AL- ABOUT INDIANS

SECRETARY LANE'S POLICY. "In 1830 the problem was how to get Ih. Indian out of the way, Toda) the prohlern Al8O('iatoo Pr Oi 'h. is how to make him reaJ]y a part of the na­ A DEFIXITE, constructive polic)' for the tion. The man who can do for himself is the Indian, by which he rna,- be transformed man to he released. And he is the man who from a ward of the governm-ent to a success­ thinks not in tf'rms of the Indians' yestenlay ful and integral part of the American citizen­ hut in terms of the lndians' tomorrow. In ry; a discussion of the development of the one thing we are short -the art of inducing west, and a review of the achievements of ambition, This laTgely depends upon the ge, the 13:;t year, are contained in the annual re­ nius of the teacher to fire the imagination (Jf port of Spcretary Franklin K. Lane of the in­ the pupil. That is the first step in all civili, zation. ,. terIOr department, sent recenth' to PrE'!'irient W"b,on. - Alle£'td SwiDdler Arrested. "Three things, ,. ~ays Secretary Lane, "of unusual purport have marked the life of this \l'ord reaches here that A, p, Powell, .n d~partment ~lJring the past year-the passing alleged Cherokee Indian lawyer, who op"ratEd of the Cherokee nation, Iheopeningof Alaska, extensively in this state among the ChO('taw~ and the advancement of a serh:s of measures for se\"eral ypars, is under arrest in LfJuisiara, ''TIed to prnmoLe the further development of and is being held for the federal grand jon tlte we!'t. The~e things aTe appanntly un­ to await charges of fraudulent practice. related, yet they have made an appeal to me Powell coliected several thou>3nd dollar; 8:; alike Illustrative of the newne~s of our from Choctaws and half-breeds in the uric ~ el.)untry~ the noveity of its prublem::;, and the rounties of this state on the pretext that he responSIveness of OUT government". could ,"Cul'e for them allotments of land in Secretary Lane discusses the Inclian prob­ Oklahoma and the Indian Territory under l~' lem at length and asks whether "it is for the provisions of the Dancing RaLbit treat)·, II henefit of the Indian himself Ihat the pr•• ent i~ known that in Neshoba county alone beft'­ at n.;h )]ie puiicy" should continue cur.d al least $4,000 from Indians, andhe .1, "Th A . ' " e menca~ cons:cier;ce. OUr ~en~E' of :so operated on a large scale along the Mj~~i,,­ Ju.:;tlce. our lraciltion!' in iaet "II t si ppi coast. mit th d' • ,WI no per- e a oplton of a drastic course that Tne Choctaws '"fell for" Powell's scheme wou II( asl th I d' tJ. e n Ian upon a world for whil"h de3pite the information given them 1rom e I;:. I-prepared," he 53rs. ..y t I a f offical .ources that the,- had neglected the" tp ~ h ,e m 0 - nI01. t J."lt would be better far better claIms too long. and had no chance whateH t o sever all ties b ' , etween the Indian and th~ 0: ~ecur i n~ land allotments_-Jackson ,:\1':"" ~ove·nmenl gh'e' h· • t'Ws. hi' e\ ery man Ig OWII and It't 1m go lis way to!'u d . ccess or estructilHl rath- er th an kee r . . Go'truor-EJecl Cappt'r OD frohibilian in K.1I1;W. P a IVe In the In p~r:" n er u capaClt,- H' I h Is tnternE'fl in thepenitentiarie:'. In fifly-fc r hH Op:>rtunit -' e IS n a\'" .. It s as a ()rward-lookinj! man ,. county jails f here aTe no tenant..;. and {aty I" my eonclus f . . tudya . lon, a ler as Intllnate a ~even ('ounty farms are empt y the year ronn s pract cahle f h' that We h Id .0 IS natur£> ar.d need", "I hope to .ee the d" soon when, :ed ~ lU hene f h ,. ' and \- .. t . e ort makfl' a pc'sltIV(> the hUsinE''';s men )f th~ nation. an arC',- I • matlc effort •.• h In e"Jen". to CCl."\ t e full hurdf'n voters IS recruited that will driH' out tbe I u nce ann -b crea 0' re,.;pon"l Ilit\- ujlon an r~mnant of the liquor husines!-' from (ne- e , numoer of th I d· " lfindthatth enlansl)failtrihes o ,~~E' C~Juntr~ to thf' other. . .. 1 tore IS a ~t h' h !-'al . ra~) ~t'arsago. when I wa~ a prmter, Iv emp.;,WE'ts the" se~ atue.,,· Ie 8i~nlfi.cant. OOns clust{'r~d ar und our dfict' and lbeen: l do thiS In ndi J retar) f t ~ intt'rlOr to :--PPflt ahout a fourth of their Vlf llal.:asE'- Th . r }t'" w-acr a d !?quaff! r - "::i. at autht rlt\ h lr Iq lor. If rou took a censUS of Tope.l • . Intf'nd to h ' lil;'w<':P.I'"' ffi' I ~ I fin" U<:e"JC aUthority_ I . ... 0 res today. YOU w u II no rllnkartj printpr." . . THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ABOUT INDIANS 253

OKLAHOMA, THE INDIAN STATE. of speech. He figures largely in the Indian history of New York. N0STATE in the union has within its bor- To Standing Bear, a noted Ponca chief who ders so many citizens, decendents of died at the Ponca reservation five years ago, distinguished aborigines, as Oklahoma. Of more than to any other Indian, should be the sixty or mOTe remnant tribes whose sun given the distinction of doing more to allev­ of tribal life is fast setting on th. soil of Okla­ iate the wrongs suffered by the Indian from homa a world of tradition and history is clus­ the general government than any other red tered, says E. A. MacMillan in the Okla­ man. Several descendents of Standing Bear homan. are living in Noble and Kay counties. The Cherokees, Senecas. Poncas, Kiowas. Members of the Perryman family among Creeks. Seminoles, Osages, Choctaws and the Creeks for nearly a century have been Chickasaws have produced characters of na­ leaders. Two, Joseph M. and Legus Choteau tional note and the fame of some is world wide. were chiefs and two others. Thomas w. and The achievements of Sequoyah-a noted Cher­ James, were noted Presbyterian ministers. okee-has no counterpart in all the world's The character of this noted family had a hi~tory. Himself illiterate, clinging ten­ wider inHuence than any other family in the aCIously to the customs and beliefs of his history of that tribe and scores of their rela­ people, believing impJicitly in the conviction tives are found in the state today living in that his people were being rapidly extermi­ Creek, Okmulgee and McIntosh counties. nated by the white man's go\'ernment he Relatives of Allen Wright, David Folsom conceived the idea that he could make a Ht~lk. and P. P. Pitchlynn are numbered among the ing leaf," as did the white man, and in a respected citizens of Choctaw blood of the short space of time he succeeded in forming state. The name of these three men to­ an alphabet, each character of which repre­ gether with Pushmataha, are i1Iurninin~ the sented a sound, and by its aid any Cherokee pages of the history of the Choctaw tribe. after an incredible short time c~uld read 0; The four were men of exalted character un. write his native tongue. This remarkable usual ability and high ideals, and thei: de­ achievement had never been accomplished be­ ..endents are favorably known throughout fore, nor has it ever been accomplished since. the state. Relatives of that noted character live in No descendents of Osceola, the noted Semi­ ea~tern Oklahoma, well respected and law nole chief, are positively known to live in the abIding citizens of the state. Near Park statp, but relatives of Hillis Hadjo, known as Hill, in Cherokee county. several relatives of "Francis the prophet, II live in Seminole coun. John Ross, the illustrious Cherokee chieftain ty. The Brown family, of whom Governor live,. For forty years he guided the destinie; and John F. and Rev. Jackson belong, have long wielded an influence for good among ~f his people. His name occupieg more space In Cherokee history than all other names these Indians. Both men still live and their combined. His fame will live as long as the desc(lndents are highly respected citizens. traditions and history of his people survh'e, and long after the name of other distinguished CnTU' communitie~ In )Iinnewta have grown Cherokees have been forgotten. Perhaps no up .. inee the CDited State .. made treaties .·ith Indian that ever lived had such a wide ac­ the Iodian~ then lil-jng therein. The...e treatie' quaintance and was so universally esteemed aimed to forbid the ,ale of liquor to the Indian .. , as John Ross. By their exact lerm~ they f(lrbid the sale of General Stano Waite, one of the greatest liquor to anybody, white or red. The while modern warriors of the red man, and perhaps people r the~e communities ha"e DO d~ire to the greatest warrior of the Civil IV ar period, <:ell or to h1\\"e .;;old liquor to the Indian'. butthe'r ha:, relative~ living in Cherokee county. chlim the right to buy and --ell the article among mong the remnants of the Seneca tribe them .. eln~" if they want to. They ('()D .. ider that are found descendents of Cornplanter and treatie" ba~ upon eonditi{ln~ preulent sixt'\" ~ed Jacket. Cornplanter died near Philadel­ yean Re:O .. hould not .. land in thf" war of their p Ja in 18.36, aged 98 years, and was one of the exercise of the rijrht of local option. the\"' very few Indians at that early time that re­ w~ll ~.11 upon congres ... to abr<'lgate the trealj~· C~IVed a pe _. f to forbid the ... Ie of liquor to the Indian .. if J n~lon rom the government. Red ('(ln2're-;., think~ best but t~ allow~the white people acket was a noted Seneca orator and charac- to manage their own afl'alr ... - Feort Worth Tex.) ter, and h·IS f arne rests wholly uJX>n hIS. power Rerurd. 254 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS

to Fort Yuma, a government post directly across the Colorado river from the present town of Yuma. The distance from Ehrenberg to Fort Yuma. as the crow flies, is sixty miles. By the On, Hundred Yar, Ali" But Still Wnrking. shortest trail that the Indian could take it was The sale occupation of Edward Kak-Kak, a at least seventy-five miles, and he had to Pottawatomie Indian, who has passed the swim the river once each way. The Indian century mark, is picking huckleberries in the was to get $10 for the trip and $10 additional marshes about Dowagiac, Mich. Just as soon if he returned in twenty-four hours. Hepre· as the berries begin turning blue in the early pared quickly for the undertaking and disap­ part of July the old Indian comes from bis peared down the trail. home near Paw Paw and begins picking Within twenty-four hours he was hack in berries. Each night he comes to town and Ehrenberg, bringing with him the package; sells his day's picking. of medicine for which hehad been sent. Each This is Kak-Kak's only occupation. It fur­ package bore the labels of the Yuma dispen· nishes his only revenue, but every September sary. There was no living being along the trail he is able to return to his home near Pa w Paw between the two places from whom he could with sufficient money to keep him over the have obtained any assistance whatever. That winter and into the next summer. Indian ran 150 miles in less then twenty-four The old Indian lives all alone and his needs hours over a barren, stony desert, interspers· are not many. The oldest residents about ed with deep, dry gulches aDd ravines, in and Dowagiac say that as far back as they can out of which he was forced to climb, and in remember Kak-Kak each summer came to addition he swam the Colorado river twice. Dowagiac to pick huckleberries. Years ago When he got his $20 he bought some of hi' he was accompanied by members of his family, favorite food, crawled into the shelter of but now he comes alone. He has outlived bis some mesquite trees, ate and slept alternate· o~n people and most of the members of his Iy for two days and then reappeared in per· tnbe. fect condition.-From A. M. Welles' "Rem· His hair, for~erly black and straight, is iniscent Ramblings." now a pure while. Kak-Kak never rides on trains. He walks miles and miles tramping Indi.lIS Put of St.t, Exhibit. through the marshes each day. At night, when others are wearied with their day's Santa Fe, N. M.-To crowd two years into work in the marshes. Kak-Kak tramps off to one afternoon is theachievementof Col. Ralph tow~ alone with his heavy baskets. When E. Twitchell of the New Mexico exposition the time comes for him to return to Paw Paw commission. Yesterday afternoon he had tbe he walks all the way, a distance of nearly Pueblo Indians at Tesuque, nine miles north twenty miles, to his home. of Santa Fe, give the Buffalo, Deer, SiouX. Kak-Kak e1aims that he is one of the few Navajo and Eagle dances which never he­ of the older Indians who were born in re.llog fore had been given by lI:e pueblo in inter· houses. He says that his family in the earl v vals covering less than two years. days settled down to till the soil and th.-t The motion-picture machine operator, Chas they.wekomed the coming of the white man Bell, and Waldo Twitchell were the only wit· to lihchlgan .. He. believes that some day the nesses of the spectacula; performance, and government IS gomg to pay members of th cameras greedily ate up the sight, using 6011 Pottawatomie band for the Chicago lak: feet of film and almost a hundred speciallY front, taken from the Indians by treal\' prepared plate>, preserving for all time tbe nearl! 100 years ago. -The Saginaw (\\ich.-) unique performance. The Navajo dance Wi! Courler·Herald. performed by the children of the pueblo in full costume. The Eagle dance was filmed as tbe A lIIoh.. " fut. dancers flapped out of the kiva and down th' In the ea~ly days of Ehrenberg, Ariz., a stairway to the church in front of which the man was fnghtfully burned b k ceremonials were given. The pictures art Th Y erosene ere wag no physician and no drug store i~ made especially striking because the audience the ~wn, and so a noted Mohave runner iD the background is altogether Indians. who lived near by, was hastily engaged to ru~ . Weat~er conditions were perfect, the SUO­ hght being modified by a light haze, under ------

THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 255 which the bestre.ults are obtained. It was foug-ht on the side of the government in sev­ a moving-picture triumph for which the com­ eral battles with other tribes. mercial film companies would have been glad "In tho," days we expected to be killed. to pay handsomely and which will help to I t'l) very nice now when people respect you. It make the New Mexico exhibit at San Diego White Eagle likes automobiles. "Great one of the most striking of the entire expo­ improvement over the old horse/' he says. sition.-Albuquerque (N. M.l Journal. "They make one feel very happy when one rides in them." White Eagle receives $70 Tht Indian fiSSlS. every three months from the government for the services which he rendered them in The thirteenth ('{'n~u of the' r nited States pioneer time~. \t the present time both "haws that of the ~o.;,6-,;1 pe~on! cla .. ..;ed as In­ Charles Knife Chief and White BagIe live dians only .56.5 per cent are full-blood:;! . This on the Indian reo ervation at Pawnee, Okla. means that but a few mure than half of the ... 0- -Xebr.ska Journal. called Indian.., in the Cnited State~ are real In­ di.n~. It ha~ lM-en undcNt( Itl ~enerally that fiinUnrs by 1 fiintt Indiin. there art: Ilbout ~ many member., of the red ra('e in thi'J country as there were at the time Cnlum­ An exhibition of landscape painted by a bus landed, when the Indian populath,n, as full·blooded Paiute Indian from Nevada will it has been estimated, was a little in exce

MINNEsOTA INDIAN TREATY TERRITORY concluded on February 22, 1855, and your ATLAST MADE DRY. attention is called to Sections 2139 and 2140 of the Revised Statutes of the United St ates and Bemidji--­ Minn., Pioneer. amendments thereto; and this you wiI] in no POR th e first time in its existence the city wise fail to do on or before the 30th day of of Bemidji will be recorded as' a "dry" November,1914, under the pains and penalties tolIVn on the first day of December, every of the law." sa oonowner brew Every saloon keeper has announced his in ­ . g ' . ryagency and the brew· :rYbavm been ordered to discontinue their tention to observe the order, and so has the USIDess on or before November 30. This management of the brewery. The brewery order was served last . b H A agents here will dispose of their stocks prev­ L . evemng y enry . arson, special ag t ious to the day named and already sal oon I d· Atr · en of the department of n Ian aIrs wh . owners have begun advertising the sale of B dt ' 0 WIth Deputy Agents ran an d Larson h their stock at reductions in price, takin g this da . th' , as spent the past few ys 10 e city. course to dispose of what liquors tbey have on The order comes a th . hand. Stat • e result of the Umted OS suprfeme COUrt haVing sustained the The agents still refuse to announce what prOVIsions 0 t he In r it un lawf I to h' .' Ian treatyof!855, making future action will be taken by them and it u 5 Ip Into or ' . t . t ' is not known what other cities and towns will liquors within th . . po;,sess In OX lea mg covered h th e hmlts of the large area be caused to join the ranks of t he "dr ys. " y e treat A h . It is probable that every saloon in the ter­ have he eDm. Bem l.d " y. s t e Indian agents Itenerallyex ectel several days, it had been ritory covered will be closed, for not to do so would be discrimination on the part of the be taken m' connectip that. some aclJon would ment. On WIth the treaty enforce- government an act of which it has never been rightfully accused. The agents are at Cass Two of the agent. agent. visited Walk' one of them the special Lake this afternoon_ of that place. The er and closed the saloons It was just four years ago this month tbat also in formed th drUggIsts of that city were Judge Marshall A. Spooner, who was later ed from handling at they will be prevent­ joined by E. E. McDonald, attorney of thIS with orders identic aleo,hol and were served city. began the injunction cases which h ~ve men. Walker is 10al WIth those of the saloon kept the provisions of the treaty in litigation Leech Lake Indi cated on the border of the since that time. N an reservation ews SOOn reached . Walker closing nd Bemidji telling of the Indians fay Income Tax. caused When the a but litt!e surprise was localo d . Oklahoma City,-Some of the restricted LUBon then made h" r er was made pubhc. Indians of the Creek and Cherokee tribes '" saloon. POlitely introd IS Way from saloon to this State are heavy contributors to the in­ A. Larson, special t UClng himself as Henry come tax that is being collected by the Feder- copy of the closin ndlan agent, and left a al Government. . comment. g order. He made no These Indians are restricted by the Gov ern­ Bemidji druggist. h the treaty order b t aVe not been notified of ment in the management of their own affa irs sPrved on them ~t:n are. likely to have notice as wards of the Nation and are assumed to be compelled to susp y tlme_ ShOUld they be incapable of fully protecting their own inter­ nd will create a seriou: the USe of alcohol it ests in competition with other Indians. ~nd white men . The fact that they arerecelvJOg tYIn · rna k'mg tinctu Rltuat'l'on as It lsa. neceSSI.- res arealsollSed in DUm . W.hlSkey and brandy incomes that make their tax heavy does ~ot hal is also used in erous prescriptions. Alco­ wholly refute the theory of their partial JO­ hospitals will be gr Illany cases of fever and competency. This is because they happen to . ellt! h ' It. Every eliott w'll Y andicapped without own allotments that are rich in oil and gas . I I be Its awful USe in th made to bring about and their royalties are making them rich. d d·· I e tre t . te lema purposes. a Y territory for rne- Up to June 30 last ninety-seven restrlC J • the This is the order .• Creek and CherOkee Indians had paId to '. . 'y to dISContinue Your b o.u are hereby notified Government .. income tax the sum of$6, 23~i; ArtIcle 7 of the treat USl ness in violation of 61. Of these Indians there are thllty ad It Statesof America a Y between the United and fifteen minor Cherokees,' twenty-one a du ) nd th C . . and thirty-one minor Creeks.- Dalias (TeX . e hlppewa Indians News. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 2iJ7 SOME GOOD ADVICE FOR TUBERCULOSIS CLOTHING.-Use underwear according to the season. Don't wear chest protectors. INDIAN PATIENTS. Dress comfortably and sensibly. Keep your feet dry. R. JNO. ALLEY, the capable and PERSONAL HYGIENE.-Keep your body clean. D efficient superintendent of the Take a warm bath with soap at least once a Fort Lapwai Indian Sanatorium on the week. Take a cold bath according to your Nez Perce reservation, Idaho, has had Doctor's orders. Avoid all bad habits. Keep your teeth in J(ood condition by brushing the JOURNAL office print him some cir­ them regularly. See that your bowels move culars which he u es for general regularly every day. Do not kiss anyone. destribution among his patients and CLEANLINEss.-Keep your house free from the Nez Perce Indians. The circular dust and dirt. Killallflies. Boil all clothing contains pithy advice to the Indians at least fifteen minutes. Use coal oil or car­ bolic acid in water to wipe floors; and damp and we are glad to publish it as an ex­ dust cloths. Keep your yard clean. ample of one method used efficaciously DON'T FRET.-Fretting never helped any­ in the interest of better sanitary condi­ one. If you cannot change conditions, an un­ tions among the Indians. Here are complaining acceptance of them will often re­ the main items on the circular: veal a silver lining to the darkest cloud. When inclined to complain-Don't. GENERAL.-Be hopeful and cheerful, for REMEMBER-That while amusements are your disease can be cured althollgh it will take necessary for all human beings the person time. Obey, cheerfully and carefully, the ho has not the grit to deny himself pleasure Doctor's instructions. You may improve forW profit has not the abi lity to suc"ee d'. In steadily for months, and then lose all by anything. Avoid amusements which subject carelessness. Improvem ent does mean cure, you to everheating and dust, both Indoors and therefore continue treatment as long as you out of doors. are directed to do so. DON'T- Waste time and money on Patent COUGH AND EXPECTORATION.-Try to con­ Medicines or advertised cures. They are trol your cough as much as possible. Cover worthless. YOur mouth with your hand when you have to.cough. Your expectoration, or spit, con­ An Import.ll1t Tax Dtcision. tams germs, and is dangerous to yourself, All land, exclusive of the homestead, in­ your family and your friends. Always use a h ited from the original allottee by full Sputum cUP. or a paper handkerchief, or er d Seminole Indians, is not subject to tax- ~omething that can be burned. When out of bI00 I' . h ation unless restrictio ns upon a lenatlOn ave oors, Use a paper bag or a paper handker­ b en removed as prov ided by acts of congress, chIef; something that can be burned. Never a:cording to a decision given by the state Spit on floors or pavements. supreme court Tuesday. . PURE, FRESH AIR.-Stay in the open air as . The opinionofthecDurt, whichwaswntten mUch as Possible. Do not be afraid of cold b Justice Willard R. Bleakmore, reverses ~ater. Avoid draughts, dust, and smok •. Y . dgment ofthedistrictcourt of Seminole the JU . f II toeVer sleep in a closed room . Have a room in the case of SallIe Marcy, a u Yourself, if possible, and be sure to have coun ty .' h S . I d Seminole Indian heir, VS. t e em1DD e YOUr own bed. bl 00 .. FOOD board of county commiSSioners. he AND FEEDDlG.-Take a rest period fore and after meals. Avoid excitement "'hen eating. Eat plentl' of good and whole- Mor< Indiin lAnd ()p

Indian Reservation, in thiS state, Will t causes indigestion. Do not smoke, cheu', 1t/}J"U8ean I' ~e thrown open by the Government for pub- "'ate,. y Iquor. Drink plenty ofgood pure hc. sa Ie. Bidders will not be .reqUired to.. show REST -Th k' d . n ualifications of age, resldence.or cltlzen- tak . e In and amount of exercise \ y q Preference is given to reSidents and Go ~ should be prescribed by your physician. SIp. men noW occupying land on the S bed early and take long rest periods. bUSIness . e SUre to tak . . e your rest In the open aIr. former reservatIOn. 258 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS

THE FOURTH ANNUAL PIMA FAIR. of doughnut making and treated the spectato ea('h with a delicious doughnut. She also h Special Journal Correspondence. ~Iartha Hughes, one of the graduates from HE Fourth Annual Pima Indian Agricul­ department last year, demonstrate bread malt T tural Fair was held la~t month. The ex­ ing. It was greatly appreciated by all. Oth< hibiLi were better than any previous year, aod talks were given to the women by Mrs. Hudson having new building'! pnrpogelr for the fair made and :\Irs. Estabrook. l\Irs. Estabrook is outin the Indians feel it wa~ up to them to do their matron from Tucson. part-and they showed themjjelve~ equal to the At these \'8rioll5 entertainments :\1rs. Cy occasion. Thomas, :\1io;ses May Roberts, ~lyrtle ThompsoD One of the no\"et features of the fair was the In­ Swie Jackson, ) Irs. Charlie Redbird, Mrs. Effie dian :\lothel"'\' Rest Hoom, a. building which stood ~ewman and )1rs. Charlie Schurz, sang for t out about one hundred yards from the exhibit opening of the meetings, and Mrs. Joe Conne buildin~. It wa.s equipped with a bed, chairs for played the accompaniment on the organ, (These . the women to re..;t in, and in one corner was cur­ are all returned students.) The Phoenix Indian tained off a >;mall room in which were ba:,in!, School furnished splendid music at various soap and towel~. also looking glass, for the times. women to freshen up after taking the long jour­ Taking it all in all the fair was a decided ney to our fair, ~ome of them coming thirty and succes.<\ in spite of a heavy rain, coming on the fl1rty miles. In another part of the rest room last day, which drenched everything and e\'ery­ wa... an iron crib, with proper equipments for a body who did not happen to be undet shelter; sanitary bed and a life-sized doll properly dress­ but no one cared; they rather rejoiced over it ed for it! ni~hf! rp,.t, snugly tucked under the on account of the great benefit it would be to covers. The baby !Ihow wa.. held in this build­ the farmers. ing 81"4"1, Rnd wa.. an intere4ing feature. Two India.n women, (returned .. tudents) Mrs. Chemawa Girls Vidorious. Charley Schurz. a gr$lduateof theChilO<'co !Ichool. The winning of the first prize of $50 in the and )H"l" Yirginia (};if, a graduate of St. Johns three days' canning contest by the team from School at Gila Cro~sing, were in attendance to the Chernawa Indian School and the distribu­ a,.;~i'lt in any way po""ible. They were ready at tinn of several hundrod dollars' worth of pres­ any time to !Ihow :lny of the w(tmen anything ents in the little theatre after the program in dome.stic work they wio;hed to know. there of the Manufacturers' Association were the beiDi( on the table pattern~ for' children's cloth­ features Saturday night at the Manufacturers' ing, crO<'hel needleq, with material for such and Land Products Show. work, and a cook book full of good recipes for The girls from the Chernawa School had tho~e who wi~hed them. There was al!!o a sew­ been in one contest before at the State Fair, in~ maehine to demon!!trate with, which Supt. and had wnn second prize there. At theshow Frank .\.. Thackery had ju.4 gotten 'lever:\l of in Portland for the past three days they have for the Indi8n~. Theo;e machines are to .. ell in been in competition with the champion team the neigbhorhood of :';;]0, where before the In­ of girls from Pleasant Home High School. in dian. h:ne been pllying :':60 or :'j5 in the town" Lane County. Salmon, beets, greens, grapes for a machine that will be of no m()re "ervice to them. cauliftower and in fact nearly everything that On the Willi of the bUilding Wa5 pinned an may be canned was put up in the three day •. infanr... layette for the ml)llie" to examine, and The contest has been held as the ones be­ several charl'l from the Home Companion Better fore it, as a part of the government's indus­ Babie~ Contest were hunJr, and these (.'harl.. trial education work and has been conducted were explained to tho .. e who showed an interest by the Government representatives in con­ in them. E\'ery day, in thi" building, were junction with the State Agricultural College. given talks by ~QTDe up-to-date per"-on on ,"ariotU The girls of the Indian school team were ubject!! ~rtaining to Home EconomiC". Among proudoftheir achievements and received many the IIptakeN were ~IN. J, C ~orton of Phoenix congratulations from the crowds that visited president ofthe Con~re;.~ of Mothe~ (If Arizona: the Agricultural College bnoth, where tbe She ~ i d there were thirty-two )lother~' Clubs contest was held.-Portland Oregonian. in the State, and "he hoped lOme day to "ee our Indian "'Offien o~aniz.ed "'ell enough to become Now is a good time to see that your su ~ri,.. part of the organiUltion. Then Mi Keck of the Phoenix Indian S{'hool, gave a demon!lltratiOD lion to THE JO'C'"Il'S "'. is paid up a year in ~ vance. Look up the matter; note printed slip. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 259

COMMEROAL CLUB LUNCHEON ON THE fatbers. But the Indian oftoday is being taught INDIAN Y. M. C. A. WORK. tbe right kind of life to lead and is receilping encouragement from hi!! white brother. .Mr. Allen said tbat they hal'e a tremendoU! respon· of the brightest noonday luncheons of O ~E sibility at Chilocco, but they are trainiDg the the Commercial Club was held today at the Indian students along the lines of good citizen· Fifth A.enue Hotel. Dr. L. D. llitchell per· ship and the Indian studenb are responding to formed gracefully and cleverly IS the toast­ thattraining with very !!atisfactory res ults. master, says the Arkamas Traveler of ~o­ City Mr. Allen thanked the business men of vember twenty-sixth. Arkansas City for their hearty co·operation and The luncheon wa.s devoted to "peakers on the stated that he was thankful that Chilocco w .. Redman. R. D. Hall, It Y . M. C. A. organizer a neighbor of Arkansa.!! City whose people were who has charge of that work among the Indian alway~ in sympathy with the good work being and who is a guest of Superintendent Allen of car ried on at the .. chools Chilocco, was on the program. Mr. Hall made 8 splendid and very interesting talk about the An Impocl. nt Addition to Cbilocco. Indian. He sll.id that the Indian was not under­ stood by the average white man. It W8S rather For many yea r.. the water problem at Chilo('('o amwing "laid :\Jr. Hall that mostliteralure writ­ has vexed the officials considerably. But a few ten about the Redskin~ wa~ from the pen of months ago it was decided to dig a well and try people who knew very little about the Indian, to get "orne water worth drink.ing'. The result is and the people who did know most about the that one of the finest wells in the country is now Indian wrote less of him. a realization at the Chilocco reservation. The Mr. Hall

COMMISSIONER SELLS AT HAMPTON. in their personal and property rights just" so many white persons under like conditions. Special Correspondence. His closing thought was tbat no man ought Hampton, Va.-Hon. Cato Sells, Commis· to be commissioner of Indian affairs who is sioner of Indian Affairs, spoke at Hampton unwilling to throw himself on the altarof the Institute on Sunday evening, November 22, red race, regardless of the criticism, censure, on "The Young Indian's Resp&nsibility," and misunderstanding that may come to him. Commissioner Sells declared that he had The problem of learning how to do things come to Hampton, with Oscar H. Lipps. worth-while that will help solve the problem Superintendent of the Carlisle Indian School, of Iif., is the one that Indians must face. and John Francis, who is in charge of the This is the problem that Hampton Institute educational division of the Bureau of Indian has been working on for half a century. Affairs, to discover the secret of Hampton's Commissioner Sells spoke earlier in the day success and absorb some of Hampton's en­ to the Indian boys and girls. "What are you thusiasm. here for?" Th is was his direct question. After spending Sunday with the 45 Indian He said in substance: students at Hampton and seeing as much as "If I could know the things you are inter­ he could of the school's life, Commissioner ested in, and the kind of friends yow have, I Sells affirmed that all that has been said con· could very nearly place your destiny. If it cerning Hampton was, in his opinion. more were possible to fasten you to a huge derrick than justified. He commented on the wide­ and swing you into the heart of some foreign spread purpose and real earnestness which country, tbe natural thing would be for you he found On every hand. to earn a living. You would place yourself He touched on the problems that face the among the same kind of associates that yoU red and black races and said that tbe contest have chosen here. of the white man for supremacy. so far as In­ "When you go hom e give value for value dians were concerned. has produced an evo­ received. On no race of people rests so great lution that is amounting to a revolution. a responsibility as on the Indian young men It is unreasonable, he declared, for men to and Women of today. You have the opportu­ expect either the red or black race to accom­ nities; the next generation will not have plish in fifty or even a hundred years what it them. has taken the white race two thousand years "You must look beyond the mere duties to accomplish. He referred in passing to the and details of today. You must not come fratricidal war now going on in Europe as a here simply to get a good education. Come denial of even that civilization. because you have the vision to accomplish Commissioner Sells declared that the in­ something for your people." dian Bureau is responsible. in a large measure for the education, health, moral conditions: R

CAN THE INDIAN MAKE GOOD? I can not express my thanks to you and all for the things that you have done for me. I am very thankful for what the generous Gov· WEare so apt to hear derogatory ernment has done for me, and only wish I answers to this question that could pay it all back in some way. THE JOURNAL trys to do its share ta­ Sincerely you r friend, wards having everybody know what OTTO LOMAVITUE. those old in the Indian Service are well aware of-that, with half a chance Pueblo Indians' Archives. and a fair start, a generous proportion Santa Fe, N. M.-An effort will be made to classify complete and publish the archives of Indian students do make good, and still in the custody of the Pueblo Indians at that this percemage is not only notice­ Santa Clara, says the Albuquerque Journal. ably growing, year by year, but that It was Prof. A. F. Bandelier, the eminent ar­ the work being done br these returned chaeologist. while employed by the Archaeo­ students is enlarging -and improving logical Institute of America. who first called attention to the value and interest of these Ina most gratifying manner. With archives which are closely guarded with jeal· thIs object in view, we now and then, ous care by the Pueblos. Bandelier in a Ger­ are glad to furnish such true evidence man monograph, which is included in the in­ as the following: valuable col1ection of Bandelierians, present­ Minnonite Mission, ed to the Museum of New Mexico by Mrs. H. Oraibi, Arizona. S. Kaune and now on public exhibition in the To Supt. Allen: historic reception room of the Palace of the DearSir: [ am thinking to-day of my friends Governors, describes the literary and histor­ andtho thos. e a f my aSSIstan. ce so I am dropping ic treasures of Santa Fe and includes among k IS epIStle to you tonight in order to let you these the Santa Fe archives, the Fischer Ii· now how and what I am doing. brary of United States Senator T. B. Catron, "At present I am very busy here at the and the church archives, including the ar· 3unnomte M'ISSlon, . for there is so much to be chives of the churches at Santo Domingo, d one . S·IOce [ came home from dear old Chi- Pena Blanca and Santa Clara. I w'OCco[ b ha ve been gettlDg . along very well and The last·named be found especially interest· IS to state that I am well and strong and ing and discovered in them the biography of h L' Archibeque, a native of Bayonne, France, ave gained. 21 poun dS ID' ee I came home. [ bef am staYIn g here at t h e Mission' now but where he was born in 1671. When 16 )'ears Ih are this I was Wit. h my parents helping' old. Archibeque set the trap in which Cavalier em the very best way that I can I have de la Salle lost his life. [n 1720, Archibeque sh owed m f . ments Y ather how to use the farm imple- was killed on the Platte to which he had led a Spanish expedition. A year before his death learne;:~ ~OW to man'lte the crops as I have [f hllocco wh ile I was there. he was married a second time to the daugh· a ten wish I b ter of a distinguished New Mexico fami ly and and could b was ack at dear Chilocco most e there once more to learn that many of his descendants still live in Santa Fe most useful i nd us t ry-farmmg. . I sav the and vicinity. The Governor of new ~lexico was best man farmin'useful beeause here m'" this country at the wedding. It was di,coveries of this place i~ IS the most important, although the [ h so-calied "The Desert." kind, many of them surprises, that Bandelier ave done made among the Santa Clara archives in 1 parents d as much as [ can to help my He was permitted to examine the archives, 3n inte 3n now I am here at this Mission as rpreter for th ... which had been kept by the Franciscans. been ke t b e mIssIOnaries. I have through the intervention of Father Antonio and [ar~ tr~sYhecause Rev. J. R. Duerkesen Jouvencean and Alexander Campbell, al that The work . nslatmR the Bible and catechism. . IS verv diffi l b' time a school teacher at Santa Clara. In Wltb OUr task ~ cu t. ut we strive on these archives he found an unpublished dec ..e books in th '. We. have translated several of the Inquisition, which selS forth fully that and it is e Bible 1010 the Hopi language the Inquisition assumed no J~~I~dlctlOn over a great hI' In my work I e p to the Christian Hopis. the Indians and that the InqUISition had noth­ edUCation d have found that I need more ing to do with the trial and execution of the an self·control than anything else. witches at Nambe and other pomts. ...

262 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

country's 2300 distilleries were put oot of business by a stroke of the pen and the govenr· UOMTffE fJcuAu()E ment's income of $163,879,342 yearly from thiS source absolutely cut ofl'-we should have a ~~,bIO-$J)E$IC condition of things approximately resembhng that brought about in Rossia by the aboht\O~ Dr. Eliot at Tacoma. of the vodka traffic. Yet even this paralle does not fully represent the revo Iu f IOn III Tbi~ nation's Indian problem is not properly Russia's drinking habit whereby 150,000,000 appreciated, the people failing to realize the persons are affected at an annual cost to the seriou,ness of it, i~ the opinion of Dr. Samuel government of $500,000,000 in revenue. I. A. Eliot, l,;"niled State.'! Ind ian commissioner. Doubtless no more heroic reform measure expre".,ed at the dinner gil-en him I&!;l night was ever introdoced by any government. It at the commercial club by the dub officers and has remamed. for the absolute monare hy whose trustee~ and his Tacoma friends, says the Daily name is synonymous with op pressio~, b~t Ledger of Tat'oma, Washington. Dr. Eliot, in which yet anticipated our own free nation I~ an inform",1 talk, gave a brief areount of the liberating the serf, to give force to what IS history and work of the board of commj.;~ioneMl. altogether the most remarkable temperance Dr. Eliot said there are mure than 300,000 In­ movement in the world's history. . dians who are the w8rd~ of the nation. Some Fully as remarkable as the reform itself IS H,UUU of them in Wa"hin~ton ... tate. :\Ianyare ,"ery helple-.. , in a low stage of morah. destitute the agency by which it was accomplished. aDd di'lea .. ed, and the problem of their health It is mainly to the personal efl'orts of a man naturally affects their ..... hite brother..;, he said. of peasant birth, a house painter by trade and X ext to the health problem in seriou .. ness he now a millionaire humanitarian, Michael Dim" placed the Indian's unquenchable thir~t ,for i trovich Tchelishefl', that Russia is reliev7 'I whiskey. HThese problem are not ,omethmg of the "curse of vodka". As village COUDCI ; to be solved at om.·e," he added, "but they lor, mayor, member of the duma, and at las must be g-radually worked out. )Iost people do by personal appeals to the czar, he has stead- I not appreciate the fact th1l.t the I ndian5 are in· fastly fought for the great end he has noW crea\ling rather than dimini .. hing. Yet they will achieved. The history of reform records no Dot die out but di,,~appellr in the white civili· more romantic career than that of the mao zation b\' finding their way into the trade.~ and who almost single-handed and alone has con­ by not "being distingui~hed from white men. verted one of the modern world's greatest Touchin~ nn the board of Indian commi .. ~ion. pooples to temperance.-New York World. er", he said it it; unique, It i .. appointed direct by the President ju .. t as the C1\binet is and re­ Ft. Sill School N,ws. porl-! direct to him, I\OU rank, next to the c:-.abinet. "Uuring my th'e yeaN' experiell('e (In Fort Sill Indian School is under the necessi­ the board I ha\'e been imprh-.ed with the high ty of making a readjustment in the mi dst of year quality of the mt"n (In it. The history of the the South Dakota, was ofl'ered Dr. Eliot pointed out the need of I~i"lation for immediate occupancy, and he accepted. to determine ..... hat an Indian . this being 6- The hospital near the Fort Sill School is ver)' pecl311y nec:-e .. ",:uy in the matter of ddermining near completion. If nothing happens the who are entitled to Indian t~tates. bUilders will be throUg'h by the 15th of tbe '.1 The comm~ sioner said hi .. beinfl out here Wat month. An estimate for an equipment has due to the work of C ngres~man Johnson last been. made out and SOOn it is hoped those whO 'WIDter in CODJrre-'\ .... areslck may be received for treatment. ThIS is good work, We feel. There are many whO R.. ,i.', Grut Drink Rdorm_ have tuberculosis who need better care thaD they can get in the ordinary home. There If the manufacture, sale and consumption are many Who have trachoma and other bad of whiskey and all "hard"liqoor were sodden­ eye diseases who need closer care than they ly stopped In the United States-if the can get in the homes. With good care, with THE INDIA~ SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 263 watching and nursing that is proper, it may pies is much sought and held in high esteem. be possible to stop the spread of tbese diseases Should such types of art be allowed to perish aod help the Indians of this reservation get the world will indeed suffer a loss greater than to better health and longer life. This is what words can teIl.-Tht Chemawa American. the hospital means for the reservation, and we hope it will soon be ready for patients. ­ Originator of Sioux Y. M. C. A. Home and School. Secretary Ralph R. Wolf of the local Y. M. C. A. received a letter several days ago from CharftS by Miss Barna rd. Charles Fool Bear, president of the Sioux Y. A systematic plot to rob Indian full bloods M. C. A. at Hekton, N. D., requesting him to and minor heirs of Oklahoma of more than have an en largement made in color of a pho­ $200,000,000 worth of coal lands at the hands tograph which Bear sent in another package. of an organized clique of "grafters" operat· The picture is that of George Slaka, a Sioux, ing in Oklahoma and in Wasbington is charged who started the "Y" work among his fE-lIow by Kate Barnard, state commissioner of char· tribesmen 26 years ago. ities of Oklahoma. in an article appearing in As is well known, the Sioux were consider­ the Survey. ed the hardest of all the Indian tribes to con­ She is organizing a nation-wide "people's trol, and the progress of the association work lobby" to win back the lost national protection among them has been most remarkable. The of the nation's Indian wards. Hekton organization is planning on holding a The first step in the plot, she says, was ac­ Y. ~t. C. A. convention, according to Presi­ complished ih 1909, when, by urging the doc­ dent Bear's letter, and he requests that the trine of states' rights, the federal government enlargement be sent in time to have it hung was induced to surrender its supervision of for the occasion. Indian minors and full blood heirs and place Mr. Wolf turned the picture over to a local this authority in the probate courts of Okla­ firm, and an enlargement 16 by 20 inches will homa. be made and sent. The next step, taken by the last Oklahoma The officers of the Indian association are as legislature. she says, was to wreck thedepart­ follows: Charles Fool Ilear, president; John ment of charities, which had sole jurisdiction Little Crow, vice-president; Silas Two Par­ OVer the Indian orphans at home and was the ents, treasurer; Bede Use His Arrow, secre­ only arm of the government, state or nation­ tan" Harry Bear Hawk, de,'otional commit­ al, clothed with power to protect their lands tee: 'and O,car Good Iloy. Bible teacher.­ In the probate court,.-Chicag-o Herald. Fargo (:\. D.) • '.",s.

ln~ i ilQ Arts. )laking the plea that the 4000 Indians of school age among California's Indian popula­ or all tile artti or various race:; we know of tion of 20,000 be provided with means for none is more distinctive than that of many their education, a letter has been addressed clansor the American Indians. There is some­ to Franklin K. Lane, s

ALCOHOL AND EFFICIENCY, "This result was so astonishing that another test made after the men had been deprived of beer for several days, and the same men avo HE use of alcohol is a question that has eraged 26 hits ou t of 30. "-Houston (Te. as) T become one directly relating to individual Chronicle. and aggregate efficiency of those on whom the nations depend in time of peace for industrial Hospitals f or Indi.ns. progress, and in time of war for defense, and has moved out of the domain of sentiment Ever since the time when the ., discoverers and morals into that of economics. of Amerioa" bought large slices of land for , Alcohol and efficiency are absolutely irrec­ few gaudy heads, the Indian has had a han! oncilable properties. Science and experience time holding his own against the white man. have demonstrated that fact beyond all doubt, He has sold his birthright for a mess of pottage and in this age of st~ess and strenuousness, so often that it would seem that by this time when competition is fierce in every field of in­ pottage must cloy his jaded appetite. dustrial and commercial activity. efficiency is But at last the Indian must see that the of essential and indispensable importance. Government's interest in him does not stop Russia's edict against the sale of vodka with depriving him of fire-water . Congre was meant to be only temporary when made recently appropriated a large amount of money a few day.; ago. But very recently the for improvement of the health conditions minister of finance received an order from the among the Indians and for the establishment emperor that the prohibition of the sale of of hospital facilities of them. vodka should be continued indefinitely, after Three hundred thousand dollars ha \"e been the war. The order was based principally on appropriated for this purpose, $100,000 of the tremendous improved condition of the which wi ll be used for constructing hospitals Country since thesaleof vodka was prohibited. at a cost not to exceed $15,000 each. In The German emperor has prohihited treat­ addition to this, the Indian Bureau is nOW COD' ing in hi' army. Earl Kitchener has sought structing three hospitals for the Siou x Indians to impress upon his so ldiers the necessity of to cost approximately$"...'i,OOO each, on tbe abstaininJ! from liquor, and France has re­ Rosebud, Pine Ridge, and Cheyenne Reserva­ stricted the sale of ahsinthe. tions. The Philadelphia North American expresses Until recent years, the Indian's contaet the view that the position as to alcohol has with the government has not been altogether been taken be~ause everyone of the nations designed to make him pleased with the change at war recognizes the supreme need for call­ from the primitive state to civilization. ing to their aid the vital factors which make Everything he liked seemed to be taken from for succe~S, and these only. and the first move him . Opportunities for hunting were re· was against alcohoL stricted and the occupation of the tomahawk The New York World says the czar's edict was gone. He was crowded tnto pretty close was the inauguration of the greatest temper_ quarteN, a circumstance which did not lend ance movement in the history of the world. to improve his health or his temper, and if be The ~trongest testimony against alcohol is had happened to read of Sampson and Delilah that of tho Journal of the American Medical he probably would have understood the feel­ Association. which says: ing of the former after his hair had been "The truth is that the relation of alcohol cut off. and fi"hUll~ has been squarely met, and the The health of the Indianshas been deplorable fact admi ted. that they are not compatable. and little attention has been given to the cor­ I t has been sCientifically demonstrated bvex­ r~ction of this condition. The rapid construe; periment:' ~n the Swedish army that e;en a lion of many hospitals will be a boon to th Indian. It would be a pitv to witness tbe small quantity of alcohol decreases the marks­ dlSappearance of the Indians from their native manship of the man with a gun. land, and it is hoped that -teps which h a'~ .. A squad of soldiers who had been with t been taken to prevent such a thing Will be em r ~ beer fo r ~ome tme averaged 23 shots out of mently successful. 30 in shoot ng at a target. Before the next . Civilization has brought many great~efo rn:: ID hfe, but it has also brou~ht some eVils, no test. they ,\ ere allowed a gla s cf beer apiece ably the crowding of humanity into n arro~ at night *(",1 another the follOwing morning, spac,es. ~he hospital, however . .is C1\·t1 IZl'. and that a t-=·ttJ ~ SCHOOL. AGE;\CY AND FIELD ~ t:S='C::1==::::::J'!;l !C::1=:X.===::J'II==:J'OIC:: I ===I=x:!l

Brtter Conditions at QuiniauU. Indian affairs commissioner and Congress­ IV"h thpseparation of the Quiniault Indian man Johnson in remedying these conditions. Reservatiltn from the jurisdiction of the The first thing done was the separation of Cushman Indian School, the appointment of the two Indian agencies and the selection of a an Indian agent and disbursing officer at Ta­ man to take charge of affairs at Tahola. This hola on the Quiniault, tbe government Indian was followed by taking up the matter of a service has opened the way for a new life and fish hatchery to conserve the Quiniault sal· prosperity on the reservation, acC'ording to mon, a species of fish which is peculiar to the Congressman Albert Johnson, who has re­ Quiniault River, and commands the highest turned to this district. price on the market Only the Indians can "1 intend to make a visit to the reservation fish for this salmon. The new hatchery for

be~ore returning to Washington, II Mr .. Johm.on which Mr. Johnson obtained an appropriation saId , ,j an d want to personally investigate the of $50,000 will he the most modern and up-to­ needs and wants of the tribe. A bill provid­ date in the nation and will mean thousands of Ing for the construction of a building on the dollars to Tahola village. reser va t"lon, to cost $10,000, will come before The Chinook Indians also were taken care ~ next Congress. An appropriation for a of and their demands which have been made .01)0 fish hatcbery has already been obtain­ off and on for 63 years for $66,000 due them under their treaties, was taken care of. The ed Afor the. tribe to make their life better". h ccordlng to Yr. Jobnson, the work which Indians will receive their money. as been done for the tribe during the las t At the Quiniault the new Indian agent is year' . d' . IS In Irectly the re,ult of the charges rapidly getting matters i~ 'hape so that the .which were rna de agaInst. the former super- tribe will soon reahze their long dream of an ~~endent and the allotting agent of the tribe. independent village, with their own saw·mill, ese charges led to investigation and the their own fish hatchery, and practIcally home real Situaf f IOn 0 the Indians and the deplor- rule for themselves. bl d'f A bill was passed by the present Congress a e con I Ions under which they were living resulted' . appropriating money for a light at Cape Eliz· In prompt action on the part of the

~ Co '. . HQll1e of Mr!'. )lame W"lIiams Small. nunul.'~lon", m the Field-Mr. Sells and party at tht> Crow Reservation, Montana. 266 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ABOUT INDIANS abeth on the reservation and providing that Both men are leaders a mong t heir tribe in the Indians should ~e paid for the land taken. secular affairs and in religious work. They This is somethin!!" the tribe has been demand· are elders in the Presbyt erian church. While ing for years, but could get nc hearing on in Portland they were g iven an informa l re­ until the investigation of the charges made ception Wednesday nigh t at the First Pres· against the former agent. byterian ChQrch, and Thursday night they "The charges made against the former were entertained at the Y. M. C. A. by mem· superintendent and the allotting agent irre­ bers of the Anti-Saloon L eague. spective of whether or not there was any Patawa and Jones are two of the 74 Uma· truth in them, have resulted in lasting bene­ tillas who voted at the recent election. All fit to the Quiniault tribe," the congressman 14 cast their ballots for dry Oregon. said. -Tacoma (Wash.) Tribune. "Xext time more of my people will vote," said P1tawa yesterday. "Before they were More lodiilD Lands Opened. afraid. Now they have learned better." ~Iany of the Indians feared to vote because The bars were thtown down yesterday on they believed that by EO doing they would bird 185,000 acres of Crow Indian reservation land themselves to help pay the wh ite man 's taxes in western Montana. The land was opened and lose their tribal connections. for registration by homesteaders under the Tne mission on which they came to port­ direction of John McPhaul, superintendent of land met with the favor of both Lane and the opening and sale of Indian lands, from Chamberlain. No land has been divi ded for lVashington, D. C., now in Spokane. 23 years, and a,-; a result the Indians who were Assistant SuperintendentC'. G. Fisher stat­ young then and received portions according to ed yesterday that the Yakima reservation their a~e, are now grown and find it a hard· landg, amounting to 750,000 acres, would be ship to support their families on the old allot· inspected next with a view to throwing them ment -Portland (Oregon) Telegram. open to homesteaders next summer. An equal amount of land on the Colville reservation will also be opened up next gummer, making l~DIAN NEWS NOTES IN BRill. a total of 1,500.000 acres. Entry for ~J·acre tract~ on the Crow res­ Billings, Mont. ·Settlement on that portion ervation can now be made at Billings, Mont., of the ceded strip recently opened to settle· or through the United States commi!'sioners, ment has been so rapid that the entire avail· either at Hy~ham or Hardin. Mont. Prior to able acrea~e is likely to be filed upon during September 15, 1915, the price will be $2 per the com!ng y~a.r, acording to Receiver M~­ acre and after that time $3. After ~Ial' 15, Lean of the Bllhngs land office. The land" 1915, homesteaders who ha,"e already taken now open under the enlarged homestead act :tN acres tracts will be given the opportunity and a payment of$3 an acre to the Indians i, of taking the remaining 32Q acres in their required. If any land remains unclaimed at section jf it is not already taken. the end of the year it may be filed on in tract' The Indian land superintendent will hold an of 6.10 acres at a price of $2 per acre. ThiS auction of 350 lots next Friday and Saturday la ter provision is for the benefitof stockmen at 1V0rley, Idaho. The lots are appraised at after settlers have had first choice to obtain from 10 to .. 23. On .. ' ovember 2'i an auet on homesteads.-Butte City Miner. will be held at iletz, Ore. Twenty·four su­ The JOURSAL learns that the government burban lots, apprai,ed at from 314 to '5~, has set aside :

The CommiS::lioner in the l"ieid-Another View of Comml:i8ioner Sel6 Among the Crow Indians in Montana.

A reply from Indian Commissioner Cato The guests were received by )liss Helen Far­ Sells was received by Governor A. O. Eber­ rend, assisted by Mrs. McNeely and Mrs. A. hart today to complaints sent to the depart­ J. Schieser. Seven autoioadsofguestscarne ment about depredations committed by In ­ from Crescent and Greenville. -Sacremento dians of the Leech Lake reservation in the {Calif. I Record-Herald. towns of Lake George, Schoolerait and Hen­ An innovation in the construction and drickson. Settlers alleged that the Indians architecture of the modern bungalGw has were allowed to roam about on government made its appearance in southern California. permits. Mr. Sells sass this is Dot the case, It is the adaptation of the old Pueblo Ind;an but that when they leave the reservation style of architecture brought down 300 years, they sometimes carry notes from the agent modernized and applied to pretty little homes certifying that they are peaeeable and well in southern California. The result of this disposed, and asking kind treatment for them. first experiment tried in a real practical way -Minneapolis Journal. in San Diego has created no end of interest, The Indians on the Klamath reservation both in Los Angeles and San Diego, says the held a big barbecue and rally at Chiloquin on Los Angeles Tribune. Wednesday. Professor W. T. Powers, agron­ THE JOUR".L is in receIpt of a copy of the omist of the Oregon agricultural college, ad­ "Message of Moty Tiger. principal Chief of dressed the people present on farming, stock the Creek .. ·ation, to the Extraordinary Ses­ raising and poultry growing. He was follow­ sion of the National Councd of Said Nation ed by County Farm Expert H. R. Glayser called by Authority of an Act of Congress. and Professor Powers. and a number of the which Convened at Okmulgee on September farmers present lOOk part in tbe discussions, 1st, 1914." It isan interesting pamphlet. and howing a desire to learn new and improved gives the proceedings of that memorial meet- methods. The sessions lasted from morning 109 in both the English and Creek languages, until late afternooD with a recess for the Poteau, Okla.-A total of 07,120 acres of barbecue diDner.-Exchange. timber reserve land in the old Choctaw nation One of the most enjoyable partie;; of the in this county was sold at public auction by the season Was given by the employees at the In­ Indian Department here for the sum of 117- dIan government school near Greenville, "'16.36. A total of357 outof 2. .t2'i tracts were ThUrsday evening, in honor of W. S. Camp­ disposed of. Three-fourths of the land went bell, the retiring superintendent. who leaves to new settlers. A lanre quantity was pur­ In a few days for Los Angeles. The halls and chased by stockmen.--Ft. Smilh (Ark.) reception rooms where handsomely decorated. Record. 268 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT lNDlANS

!RIi!fi!Rli!fi!Rli!fi!li!fi!!i!RRfi!li!li!li!fi!li!li!li!li!Rli!fi!Rli!fi graduate. has charge of this department, and she is at the head of a very busy force. Chilocco Items of News Rev. R. D. Hall, in charge of Indian Y. M. !RIi!fi!Rli!fi!li!Rli!fi!Rli!fi!Rli!fi!li!li!l!li!li!Rli!fi!Rli!fi!li!fi!!i C. A. work, made Cbilocco a visit the last week in November. Hewas here over Thanks­ Mr Schaal, our chief clerk, took a couple giving, and delivered a lecture on "The Prog· Ci of days' vacation and painted up his Ford ress of the Indian" the evening of Novem· car with the result that it looks new again. ber 25th. Thi~ lecture was very interesting, h' The spirit for sincere good work atChilocco the pictures were good, and Mr. Hall's ex­ e was never so apparent during the writer's planations and comments appropriate. The residence at the ~chool. and we are hopef I lecture appealed to the students for more en· o h od U, Wit our go . strong, get-together facult couraging results and a better preparation, a f rna k'109 t h'IS year the banner Chilo y, year_ ceo while in school, to the end that graduates and ex.students may he of the greatest help to Miss Dabb, general secretary of the Ind' y W CA' . Ian their people when tbey leave school to assume . . . " was a VIsitor the past month. the real re:;ponsibBities of citizenship. Mr. He~ presence was, as usual, helpful and stimn­ Lindquist assisted Mr. Hall by operating the atlng to the member£hip of the Chi Iocca I lantern. y, W. C. A., and the school spiritual wo k' As an example of how Indian boys are not general. r In only accepting trades training but, 2t the Two former students, Mrs. Chas. Morris same time. paying our Government something and '(r•. Jam., Thorpe, made Ch'llocco a VISIt.. in return for that training. we would state the past month. They will be rememb ed that THE JOURNAL plant executed printing as Grace and Iva Miller. Both are d er for outside parties to the amount of $106.75 well and living lives that reflect cr dOting · hi" elon during the month of No\'ember. This work t helr Be 00 tram mg. was all executed on orders, and went out to Mattie L. •Fox Howell • one of our ex-stu- the fonowing places: Supervisor Brown's of· dents, says 10 a letter to the JO"R" . ~ ~AL' '41 fice, ~Iuskogee. Okla.: Whirlwind Missicn. am getting. along nicely and am now keeping' Fay, Okla.; Union Agency, Muskogee, Okla.; house In town (Pawnee, Okla) AI Rosebud Agency. Rosebud, S. D.; ForI Lap­ pleased to say I have a little ·b·' spo am b 0.. lease wai Indian Sanatorium, Lapwai. Idaho; Tula· remem er me to my teachers and 'f . the old school." fiends of lip Indian Agency, Tulalip, Wash.; Mescalero Indian Agency, ~Iescalero, New Mexico. And A very pleasant employees' t' h Id mee Ing the work was all executed by stlldents and In e November 27th in Hiawatha Han was addition to our regular work. ports from heads of the diff . Re· were made with suggestions ferenft Sections The JCURliAL does not do much blowing Or urthe . provements, after which the . r Im~ about our graduates and ex-students, but thi!; superlnte d t in:;titution-in every way_encourages best encouraged us to greater effort b . a n ~n effort toward a useful and respectful life by talk full of suggestions and d l pleaSing wlSh . 0 • a vice With th all students leaving its doors. Weoften ob Ject 10 view of making th e for Indian youth who enter ~:prOrtunities we had room-and the nerve-to print all the and larger, and stimulating u ~Iocco fuBer authentic good we hear from others and that . ' wltb a eme for bigger, better a d greater sent into the superintendent's office by our .d . . n tnore ev I 109 re:,ults In the training of th f'r ast ~ ex.students themselves. Such items as tblS dian men and women. ese Young In- though, published by School and HolDe as first-hand information. are encouraging to uS A recent addition to the sch II nts fine big wa.sbing machine 00 _aundry is a and furnish evidence that our ex_stude - . ' I'u rchas~ I most of them and especially our graduates-:­ tb e Amerlcan Laundrv Mach' . ( from T f hi' Inery Co o t e atest model, with all th . It is are living lives creditable to them and to thei ing de . d . e latest 0 alma mater, "We learn that Clay Brown VIC05 an !S propelled b\' in IP~rat. o~ m6tor power. it IS a \yaluable ." t IVldual ~linco is building a fine large barn. He b'" done much of this work himself. Clay is d'" laundry and will help fa ·I·addltlon to the Cla f CI Itate tl 01Ing wei." The JOURKAL would add t bat 'f' amo~nt \~O ~O~k going through thi. l~ vast 0 was graduated in 1896 and is only one. ;ryen . Itt tbls machine the Chilo~, epart- seems 0 e excellentl Co laun- many who have left our doors to take up h!:d

o d " Y and th eqUlppe. •.. rs. Jones, who 0 Oroughly strengthened In large measure by the g IS a Ch'llOCCO influence of their school training. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 269

/'RR!1RIi~!I;!RRfi~ !I; !I;!I;!RRfi the gym at one time. arrangements have been made so that the students in Home One and 'Chi/occo Items of News Home Four attend one evening and those in fe6/!1RIi!li!l;!Ii!l;!l;!Ii!RRfi!RRfi!RRfi!RRfi!RRfi!li!l;!l; Home Two and Home Three the next Satur­ day evening. Excellent music is furnished by Mr. Martinez spent a few days in Kansas the school orchestra, headed by Mr. and Mrs. ity and Lawrence, Kansas, the past month. William Moses. Dr. Fralic, the school physician, is enjoymg The Arkansas City Military B and recently is annual vacation. He will spend the great­ gave a concert in Ranney's Opera House and r part of it in his native state, Pennsylvania. our band leader, with several other members The weather here this fall has been so fine of the Chilocco band, helped in the program. bat OUr athletic field has been used nearly Speaking of the concert the News said: "Mr. very day. Oklahoma fall weather stimu­ Charles Addington, director of the Chilocco lates the desire for outdoor exercise. Indian band, one of the best known musical We had our first real snow of the present organizations in this section, rendered a most winter season December tenth. As usual, it beautiful cornet solo, which number was also did not last long, but its companion, cold encored." Charles is a fullblood Hopi, one weather, held on for some time. of the many ex.tudents of Chilocco who are Mr. and Mrs. Carlos H. Adams, and their making good in a creditable measure. t ..o children, of Washington, D. C., made The Chilocco Student Christian Association ~[r. and Mrs. Carruthers a visit here the past has gotten out a very neat little folder ad­ month. Mrs. Adams is a sister to ~!r. Car­ vertising its Sunday evening meetings for ruthers and she and,her husband are moving the school year. Among the topics listed is to California in the interest of Mr. Adams' an interesting series on IlLife Questions for health. School Boys," including such subjects as the following': Relation of school to life; The Miss Miller, the efficient head of the school's Christian race; Our responsibility to the pass­ CUlinary department, was the guest of honor ing generation; Success; Honesty; The Chris­ at a party given for her Saturday evening, tian athlete: Habit and religion. The largest December fifth, at the home of Mr. and percentage of these meetings student Mrs. E. K. Miller. It was a surprise on Miss a~e leaders' meetings. -Haskell InstItute Y. M. lhlJer, in commemoration of the tenth anni­ versary of her arrival at Chilocco. A very C. A. Bulletin. pleas.nt evenin. lVas passed by all present. During the past two months we have wit­ nessed some spirited and fast baskettall upervisor O. H. Lipps, now in charge of games between teams madp from the indus­ the Carlisle school, and Supervisor Brown. trial departments. Each team played ten m.de Chilocco a visit the past month. The games in the series and the prize was to be a people of Chilocco were glad to welcome these trophy cup. The last game was played De­ popular officials. especially Mr. Lipps, be­ cember tenth and was won by a team compos­ caUSe of his former attachment to the school In the po 't' f' . d ed of painters. blacksmiths and engineers. 51 IOn 0 ass istant supermten ent, 1 his makes them winners of the cup, the :nd for the reason tbat his old friends here team winning se'ren games out of a possible ad not seen him for several years. ten. HOn the evening of December sixth Mr. C. Just before each Christmas the depart­ y Fenstermacher, secretary of the ~!uskogee ment of Domestic Art holds a sale of fancy ~ . M. C A., addressed tbe Chilocco Y. ~r. C. work. pennants, pillows. e~c .. made by .the :.C membership in their hall. His addre

~~!RIi!li!Rli!li!Rli!li !Rli!li on the evening of December eleventh and she delighted her large audience of students and Chilocco Items of News members of the faculty with a miscellaneous !RIi!li!fi!Rfi!fi!fi!fi!fi!fi!fi!fi~!fi!fi!fi!fi!l'!RIi!li !fi!fi!fi program that was both artistic and versatile. The first skating at Chilocco Ihis year was As a reader she is a top-Dotcher, her recital enjoyed on tbe campus lagoon December of "The Music Master" being a classic. She twelfth. leaves a satisfactory record at Chilocco. Mr. Rader spent a part of his vacation period the past montb visiting relatives in Minnwha Open Session. Kansas. Mr. Carruthers spent his vacation period The Minnebaha Literary Society gave an this month in visiting home folks in Washing­ open session in the school auditorium Decem· ton, D. C., and Virginia. ber 18th. Holiday colors, red and green, Miss Ada Allen, a former Chilocco employ­ were used as decorations. Christmas bells. ee, is married. She is now Mrs. Phillip Kehol, wreaths, banners. stringers, pennant.';, etc., were so artistically arranged that the audito­ of ~ashuat New Hampshire. Supt. Staniao, of the Pawnee Agency, rium and stage-which had a Christmas set­ came up here December 15th to see Mr. tinl(, even to the tree, fireplace and stock­ Francis on official business. ings-presented the prettiest sil(ht the JoUR­ NAL has seen there. Every number of tbe Mr. and Mrs. James Thorpe of New York program was not only well selected but well City, who are wintering at Ponca City, spent delivered and of such a diversity that tbe a day at Chilocco the past month. evening's entertainment Was a splendid one Mrs. Hugh Wind has resigned as teacher in every way. Thedebate, having an apropos and gone to live on her farm, near Miami , subject, was especially interesting and the Kansas. We all wish her success and happi­ ness. debaters well prepared. The judges, Miss Dunster, Mr. Schaal and Mr. Lindquist, de­ The Ford community is growing at Chiloceo. cided that the negative side won. It was Mr. Jones has purchased one. With thegov­ a popular decision_ Such examples as thi' ernment car, this addition makes three Fords now at the scbool. open session is strong eVidence of the oppor­ tunities afforded Indian young women and Our first basketball game of this years' young men by the Government through scbedule was played December 19th here be­ Cbilocco and other schools, and earnest evi­ tween St. Jobns College and the Chilecco dence tbat Indian young women and men are five. The game was won by Chilocco, 30-11. taking advantage of such Opportunities. We The printers' basket-ball team chailenged herewith give the program in full: the winners of the trophy cup series and won from them by the score 15-21. Basket-ball Call«i to order and apPOintment of critic. Society Song is a favorite Chilocco sport and we have many good teams. Minutes of the PreVious Me~ tini". Orabon-"Cbristmas Customs and Their Origin" Frank Sahatcarow, one of our former stu­ Florence SlaUghter dents from Parker, Arizona, a most excellent Piano Duet-''Tbe Sleigh Ride" Bertha Baptiste and young man, writes the sad news of the death Minnie Riordan (Assisted by Hilda Sultuska) of Eugene Kennedy, aloo a splendid young Appointment of Judges for the Debate. man. All Chilocco friends share the sorrow Del..te: ·'&e.oIved. That the Giving of Christmas pres­ of relatives. Eugene was cremated in accord­ ent. Shaud be Limited to One'. Own FamilY:' ance with Mojave customs. Affirmatin: Naptive: Mr. John Francis, Jr., cb,ef of the Edu­ Ella Downing. Lily Baker, Beaie Yellow-fish. Minnie Watts. cation Division, Indian Office, was an official Redtation-"Hanging the Christmas Stoekinp" visitor December 15 and 16. He was one of Florence Hubbard the busiest of men on those two days, cover­ Minnehaha Stu Viola JohdOn ing a proportion ofthe school's activities. He Report of the Judges of the Debate. directed special attention to tbe industrial Exercise-'·Cb..ristmas Candles" Firefl.y and Cham! side, including instruction and production. Monoloirue - "A Bureau of Christma.s Infonnation" Th e third number of our Lyceum entertain­ Edna Wilson R.eleetion- The Christmas Ship" ment course was Annie Therese Davault in Minnehaha Choru! Dramatic Recitals. Her appearance here was Report of the Critic. Adioununent. AN EXAMPLE OF Whoever is responsible for the scourge of war in Europe PROHIBITION. must answer for the sacrifice of hundreds of thousands of lives and the desolation of countless homes of those who fight, -without hating the ones they are trying to kill-merely because they are ordered to fight. It is very difficult to find any good coming out of such a state of affairs, but if the item quoted below is true, and it appears to be so, Russians, at least, are gaining something to place on the credit side of the account:

RUSSIAN SALE OF LIQUOR ENTIRELY STOPPED IN A DAY. There is a prohibition in Russia today, prohibition which means that not a drop of Vodka, whiskey, brandy, gin or any other strong liquor, is obtainable from one end to the other of a territory populated by 150,000,000 people and covering one· sixth of the habitable globe. The story of how strong drink has been utterly banisbed from the Russian empire was related to the Associated Press by ~Iichael Demitrovitch Tchelisheff, the man directly responsible for putting an end to Russia's great vice, the vodka habit. It should be said in the beginning that the prohibition in Russia must be taken literally. Its use does not imply a partially successful attempt to curtail the con· sumption of liquor, resulting in drinking in secret places. the abuse of medical licenses and general evasion and subterfuge. It does mean that a vast population which consumed $1,100,000,000 worth of vodka a year-whose ordinary condition has heen described by Russian. themselves as ranging from a slight degree of stimula· tion upward-has been lifted almost in one day from adrunkeninhertia to sobriety. The nation has been compelled, virtually overnight, to abandon its enormous daily consumption of vodka, a liquor that is almost pure alcobol, and beeome abstemiou' to the extent of letting no liquor pass its lips. On the day when the mobilization of the Russian army began, special policemen visited every puplic place where vodka is sold, locked up the supply of the liquor and placed locks on the shops. Since the manufacture and sale of vodka is a government monopoly in Russia, it is not a difficult thing to enforce prohibition. From the day this step was taken, drunkenness vanished in Russia. The resultsare seen at once in the peasantry; already they are beginning to look like a different race. The marks of sulfering, the pinched looks of mness and improper nourisb· ment, have gone from their faces. There has been also a remarkable cbange in the appearance of their clothing. Their clothes are cleaner and botb the men and worn· en appear more neatly and better dres.ed. Tbe destitute character of the homes of the poor bas been replaced with something like order and thrift. In Petrograd ~nd Moscow the effect of these improved conditions is fairly startling. On holidays In these two cities inebrates filled the police stations and often tbe)' lay about on the sidewalks and even in the streets. 272 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT I DIANS

How much debauchery and misery among Indian people result from in· toxicants can never be adequately known. One exce ll entsuperintende n~ ~ho has recently taken charge of an agency writes: "There is much in the conditions here to call forth one's sympathes for these poor people. Drunkards, not so much because they want to be drunkards, but because there is nothing else to occupy their minds." If all Indian country could be made in a day as dryas the part of Russia described above, and caused to remain so, many clearer eyes, more active minds and more resolute wills would result

R:3 C>

''THREE CARLOADS OF WAGONS FOR IKDlANs.- Farming· ASENSIBLE PLAN. ton, '. M., Nov. 17.-ThreecarloadsofStudebakerwagons have arrived here for the Shiprock agency. These wag· ons are gil'en to the Indians in exchange for labor performed for the govern· ment, and the thrift of the Navajo is attested by the fact that these shipments of wagons are by no means uncommon occurrences." Superintendent Shelton believes in inculcating self.respect. and t~ e above plan of providing for the Navajos what they greatly need, and then enabling them to secure it without loss of any virtue, is most praiseworthy. In 1899 the superintendent of the Albuquerque School made a trip to Fort Defiance to collect some students for the institution in his charge. The first o~er.in~ was.o~e boy and the second was three boys, the father in each case slgnIfym~ wl~hngness to let the young fellows go. When the arrangements as to apphcatlon were completed the superintendent was solemnly informed that he was expected to conform to the custom of giving a cook stove for one child and a wagon for three. As AlbUQuerque was unprovided with such "arguments for education" the negotiations were off. We have now progre~sed to where many [ndian parents consider thec hanc~ to go to . chool of more direct and immediate benefit to the child and his parent, than ~ the ~?vernment ~nd that the cook stove is the rightful property of th~ ~~e ~ ho ~ro\ Ides educatIOnal means rather than him who begets children. ~ to e.them. aVOlO, want more schools and are eager to work to pay for supplies issueu

FOOTBALL AND ~Iuch has been said and written in support of football , bas~ COURAGE ul pon the theory that while exceedingl, rough and extreme • y 0 f ten u d . . an d If n .elliably brutal it is a de..eloper of courage t that the British rec~f-POs~sslon. In this connection it i interesting to no a~ autumn football gamo I~g °E cers, acting upon the a umption thatatthe reol participants and "fa~:':~a~gland would be found among the thousan ,,:ere present for the purpo'o f y ~rave persons eager to go to the front, .'n' = 0 securl I' t d shall- been signally unsuccessful I' ng ~n Istments. Theyarerepor e a. et. ting a larger proportion of' vol t IS saId that they would ha,e succ.eeded I~ ~y Comment is made also ~teers had they gone to a theologIcal seml~ Ie; on t e comparative absence of this class of ath e THE INDIA:-l' SCHOOL JOUR AL - ABOUT INDIA S 273 among those of the American volunteer army who went out to persuade Spain to give up Cuba. It has been noticed, with humiliation, that it gives courage to young men to jump into and cave in the faces of prostrate antagonists, or to attempt to twist limbs out of joint when officials were not supposed to be looking. It has been known to make reputed christian players swear in a most unchristian manner and cause coaches to use the vilest of language in their excitement. There ought to be something good to write on the other side of the account. If it is not self-possession and physical courage, what is it?

The papers are full of the marriage of Richard Croker, ANOTHER BLEACHED farnousorinfamous, (dependent upon who tells the story) "INDIAN PRINCESS", as the boss for many years of Tammany Hall, to Miss Beulah Benton Edmondson, a white girl with an eighth Indian blood. By virtue of this one-eighth she probably secured an allotment in the Cherokee reservation and counts one for those who tell that the Indian population is not decreasing. However, there is no royal family among the Cherokees and Mrs. Croker is not a princess. as the newspapers nearly all have dubbed her. When the Indians had real chiefs they were real aborigines and their children were of the same blood. None of them have ever lived in New York City since Manhattan Island was purchased for twenty dollars and some cents.

The New York Herald says that E. W. Deming, the ABoUT "STARVlNG" painter of Indian pictures, andRev. W. M. Guthrie, rector INDIANS. of St. Marks Church, Nell' York, made an appeal to an audience in that church in behalf of two thousand aged Indians huddled in the bleak hills of the Blackfeet reservation in Oklahoma Who are represented as facing starvation. Incidentally, ~1r. Deming showed SOme of his pictures and had a Mohawk Indian, his wife, "Princess" White Fawn, and their ch il d, all arrayed in their royal finery, .melling of moth balls probab!y, sing tribal love songs. . . It IS offered in this connection that there is no Blackfeet reservatIOn In Oklahoma and, what is better, no Indians facing starvation. The Blackfeet reservation, located in Montana has a total population of less than 2100 ac­ cording to the latest census obt~inable, 1906. It is remarkable if all but. one hundred are old. It is equally remarkable if starvation is facing any consIder­ able number for all between six and twentv-one may have free board, clothes alld t . . . h d f ult!on in the Government schools while the adults have t ousan s 0 catt! ' . f' e roaming over the reservation and the Government makes Issue 0 ratIOns ~the old and infirm sufficient t~ preventstarv~tion.. Occasionally}nd!an s pie ~re exploited in various ways to keep certam whIte men fr?m faCIng tar rvat!on", and getting free advertising in a metropolitan paper IS the work o an artist. 274 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS

--_!fi!Rfi!Rli!li ties here and to help us see greater an larger opportunities in the proper use of thi Chilocco Items of News training for the benefit of ourselves and th, _!li!li!li!li!li!li!li!li!li!Rli!li!li!li!li!li!li!li Indian race in general after we leave schoo! It was a privilege to here these sincere work Christmu a.t 10 1I1di~D School. er's and we shall not soon forget their help Christmas week is an unusually busy week ful and encouraging words of advice. at Chilocco. It is a time for good cheer, and the glad spirit of the season is everywhere in Industrial Meding'S art Helpful. evidence. Special effort is made to see that every student is not only imbued with the The meeting of the ind ustrial section 0 spirit of the time but every effort is put forth October 21st was given over to the discussio to the end that no student fails to receive a of the course of study for the industrial de visit from IISanta" and is made as happy as partments and the best methods of applica' cbildren should be at Christmas time. Chilocco tion to the different departments. Heads 01 has a tree (what's Christmas without a tree?) departments were urged to let nothing inter and it is a great sight to witness the distribu­ fere with tbe daily lectures and explana tion on Christmas eve of gifts from its illum­ tions. The prompt acceptance and actior inated branches. On these occasions the gym upon the suggestions brought out by the var· presents a picture from fairyland. Then, on ious instructors speak8 well for the sincer· Christmas day. we have proper services in the ity of purpose in the work of each depart· auditorium followed by the "big eat" in the ment. students' dining hall, and if you should happen The meeting of OctOber 28 was given over in to behold the tables as the students sit down to the reports of lectures by the instructor. you would witness a sight which would glad­ in the several departments and a discusslor. den your heart and give you some idea of the of the grading system adopted to form a rec· scope and character of the work Indian Ser­ ord of just wbat a pupil has accomplished I' vice employees are engaged in. It would forc­ his industrial work. ibly demonstrate to you, also, that Uncle The meetings of the 5th and 12tb of No­ Sam does not neglect opportunities to make vember were devoted to a discussion of point: happy and contented all members of the red in the course of study, namely: Best method race who attend bis institutions of learning. of stacking and caring for lumber. kinds Following we give the students' menu: anc grading of lumber, Mr. Coulon. 'The anvil: Baked Chiden with DreuiDI' Cranberry Sacee Gibl@t Gravy the best kind and its manufacture, Mr. Sen· C.I.,.,- Cabl:qe Salad Canned Corn eca. Bearingqualaties of various soils; Shor· Kaahed Potatoes Bread and Buna ing banks and excavations, Mr. Rader. Pro­ Butter and Jelly Chilli Beanll Canned Paebes cess of manufacture of white lead, from ore Minee Pie CbelTJ Pie Apples On.n ... to commercial product, Mr. Beezley. Cookies Fruit Cake Coffee with Cream The meeting of November 19 was devoted to the consideration of the work on hand and StudtDts Hur Soptnuon Upps lnd Brown. particularly tbe remodeling of the ice plant. Points taken up were the foundations for piers. On the evening of December thirteenth. in placing of Ul" beams, construction of foJ1D~ our auditorium, tbe member of the Y. W. C. for concrete, bending of reinforcing rods. A. and Y. M. C. A., togetber with the other placing, spacing, tying rods and depositing members of our student body, were addressed concret£l'. by Supervisors Brown and Lipps. A short mu ical program was given before the ad­ Good Student Spirit in th, Shop'. dresses were made. It seems superfluous for Some examples of the growing interest in u. to add to tbis announcement the farther the Chilocco trades: detail that tbese gentlemen-who have been A certain employee entered the carpenter connected witb the Indian work so long that shop at 6:15 p.m. one evening and found t.-' most every employee knows of the successful boys busily engaged in making a pictur~ part they have bad in training Ioung Indian frame. The work in this department sho'-' men and women-had messages calculated to spur us on to a more sincere and earnest de­ a greater degree of understanding among tbe sire to get all tbe good out of Our opportuni. pupils than before. . Not long ago the instructor In mason!) THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 275 found eight very much interested boys stand­ to the public school system of our country. to ing quietly watching two of his apprentices be educated and trained with the whites, cutting stone. Several of these boys belong­ means not only one step nearer the end of ed on the mason's detail when at work, but the Indian problem, but an honest and sincere they were off duty and their time was their move in the interest of better conditions, own. The possibilities of work in stone cut­ socially, morally and physically, for the red ting were interesting not only to the boys of race. We quote the good news: the mason's detail but to others as well. "Hobart, Okla., December l4.-Numbered Again: Some of this same detail were at among the students of the Hobart public work laying brick and when the time came to schools are twenty-three Kiowa Indian chil­ stop work asked their instructor to let them dren, with an additional two as pupils of a continue until their supply of mortar was gone. local business college. The oncoming genera­ The painting detail that was to come on tion of Kiowas prefer to send their cbildren duty one Saturday afternoon asked that they to the public schools in preference to the be allowed to work In the morning so that government schools. The Indian families rE-nt they might have the afternoon to practice houses in town, and reside in the city during sign writing and lettering. the school year. 11 The boys in the forging classes have been ---- devoting their time, aside from their routine Methods of Tuching fngh,b. work, to the construction of wagon jacks and The above is tbe title of a booklet recently some very creditable models bave been pro­ published by Haskell Institute's printing de­ duced. Also some nice work in ornamental partment, gotten up by Mr. C. E. Birch, prin­ wrought-iron has been produced. cipal and assistant superintendent of that The leather workers are also progressing, school. The first edition of this booklet was and the 12 sets of harness ordered some time printed in May,1912. The demand for it was since, with some additional work, is nearing such that the first edition was soon exhausted completion. so another edition has just been printed. In In short, the tradesmen are making progress "Methods of Teaching English" the author, which is gratifying to instructors and pupils who is known throughout tho Service as one alike. J. l. of our strongest teachers and through his striking success in handling and educating Some Service Chaoles. Indian young men and women, gives valuable Some recent reported changes in the Ser­ information and advice, gleaned from long ex­ vice: H. H. Miller from the Fort Belknap perince in the Good Work. A copy of the reservation to Fort Hall, Idaho. He will be booklet should be in the hands of every teacher succeeded by Jewel D. Martin. Charles E. in the Indian Service and on tbe sbelves of Burton, from Springfield, S. D., to Santee, every Indian school library. The JOURNAL Sebr. Miss Mollie V. Gaither, principal does not know the price of it. teacher at Chema wa, succeeds Superintend­ ent Burton at Springfield. Supt. O. J. ReS(fY~tioD and NOD-R6tt'l.J.tion Schools. Green, of Lower Brule, S. D_. has been pr<>­ The Peace Pipe of December 11 discusses moted to Shawnee Agency, Oklahoma. Supt. very sanely the proper relation of reservation Brandon, of the Fort Sill School. goes to and non-reservation schools to Indian edu­ Lower Brule. Mr. Buntin. of Shawnee, bas cation The argument is tbat tbe question is been promoted to Tongue River. Gabe E. one of providing right environment to the Parker has been named superintendent of the student. If he finds that at borne tben the five civilized tribes. ----- home school is desirable; if not, the institution Indi .... in Public Schanls. away from home is preferable. Following i. the gist of a clipping, taken The slogan of General Pratt is: uTo civilize hy tbe JOURSAL from the press dispatches in the Indian get him into civilization; to keep the Daily Oklahoman, which .hows the trend him civilized. let him stay." So far, the reser­ of tbings Indians in Oklahoma and which vation pull-not the borne attraction-bas should give encouragement to' all service been tbe downward pull. There, is found ;orkers throughout tbe Indian Service. freedom from the discipline of regular duties very effort should be made to put Indian and opportunity for idleness and mdulgence chIldr . be en In public schools wherever that may in all vices that beset the unoccupied hand accomplIshed. Every Indian child put in- and mind. 276 THE INDIA~ SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

NEWS ITEMS FROM KICKAPOO. Roster of employees at Kickapoo Trainir! School: superintendent, Edwin Minor; fi· Special Journal COl "e "Idence. nancial clerk, Miss Josephine Andres; assist The present attendance of Kickapoo Train­ clerk, Lloyd LaMotte; school farmer, Guy ing School is fifty. two bOl'S and thirty. two ~linor (temporary); teacher, Mrs. Gertrude f girls. Lobdell: Miss ~Iargaret Tierney. seamstres; Evaline Leary won the honors at the spell­ Miss Nellie M. Kennedy, cook; Miss Elizabeth ing match on Friday evening. Mrs. Lobdell Hall, mess cook; agency farmer, French L. will have charge of the prize composition work Thomas; principal, Fred M. Lobdell; genera this year. mechanic. David D. Heron; matron, Mi:-~ Miss Andres is spending her vacation in Carrie E. Winthrop; disciplinarian, J. \1', Dubuque, Iowa. Mr. French L. Thomas is Koso: )Iiss ~larie Rebout, laundress; Dr, away on his vacation, also; with his family Ralph Funk. physician. at Powhattan, Kans. The following changes have been mad< Mr,. Heron's football squad have suSpended since the beginning of the school year, Lloyd practIce oWing to the inclemency of the LaMotte takes the position left vacant by weather. M,ss Kennedy has organized two Peter C. Little's resignation in October. basket· ball teams among the girls. Mis; Carrie E. Winthrop, transferredf",: The new dairy barn is nearing compl t' the Carson School, succeeds Miss Jennie . . e'n. I t IS a concrete block structure mod . Delo, transferred to Pierre. South Dakota: • I ern ln Gertrude F. Lobdell was transfem'· every respect. E,ght Holstien-Fris,an ~1r>. cows from Hoopa Valley, reporting on December were recentlv added to the school dal' h d .' ' ry H. She succeeds Mrs. David D. Heron, Evalme Leary, Alex Allen Ruth Rh dd ~iss Margaret Tierney was recently ap~lOint: 1 '0 and P aul )lcKenney passed the highest av . ed as seamstress. Mrs. Hannah erage m sc,ooh I-room .work for the past month, The ~[a)'etta. Kansas. had been filling primary pupIls are rehearsing for th CI . tion temporarily since the beginning of mas entertainment. e lrlst- ~Ir. Heron's manual training I · f . c ass are IF IT IS FFOM PECK'S IT'S THE rna kmg urmture. Mr. Koso's I '· c ass aTe Iearnmg to repair shoes and harne.;:, . and how t o cu t meat. T he domestic art I finished the girls' basket hall cass have W. S. PECK . . SUIt, Th domestu! sCience clal:'s are learn in' e of butter making. It the art The Modern Grocer But three of the Com Club bo s r to school this fall. Louis Zbuckk Yh eturned a o~ee . d Orders Taken and Special 32 bushels to the acre Alex All r"se . ' en291h and FranCIS Allen 2i! bushels Th' lUS el', Delivery for Chilaceo siderabl), better than the aver~ e .'s IS Con· out this localitythisvear 'IFg jleld thru· . . •• r, . L Th agency farmer, supervised th I . omas, 217 S. Summit St., Arkansas City, '. e c ub w The mdustrlal arithmetic cIa ork. • h ss are - h . t eres t ed In t e economic pu h "IUC m· r· Th h . rc ase of f p.I~~. . e. ygtene class are stud " ood sup­ Old . Slngmg school will b ~ InR "First T. B. Oldroyd & n ~ht e.cb w~ek after the hOI?d~esUllled one m.tlc club WIll soon be orl;a' d Y" A dra­ Wednesday evenings. The ::,~eh t~ Illeet on mg class aTe working on ale anl('a1 draw­ House Furnishings room cottage. p an for a four- Th. band is pr=essin management of Mr, Lloy! Lnder t he able Undertaking L,bdell', art class is working a. ~otte. Mr oratIOn. Three of the On Jntfltior d . '. member ec· h.c.nora bl e mention In the era vo 8 received Good Stack; Reasonable Prices ~Ion Contest for the month f 0' n I nVe-t' 't d" 0 ctnl ,.. 19-3- " ..iraiJUI ea. Istmction for third a )"1'. This g. e pupIls. as they are c n, with . tates. the United 207·209 W. 5th Ave.., Arkansas City, EDUCATION AND \VO RK.

of the foremost means for the de­ velopment of a good character is work, steady application of the mind and muscles and the wonderful eye, and the hardly less wonderfu l hand, to the doing of some useful thing. The boy who uses his powers for some good end, who while growing in physical strength and stature, keeps before his mind the great truth that we all of us are here in the world for service-w ho weeds the garden, hoes the corn, or mows the grass, milks the cows or feeds the chickens, who does this not once in a while, but with careful regularity day after day for months or years, is lit­ ting himself for higher service, for true usefulness .... Ability once gained to work steadily, and the habit once attained of co­ ordinating all the powers of mind and body to some useful end, is the very highest achievement ever reached by any man, influ­ ential or humble, and denotes all the difference between a wise, useful man and a vagabond and fool. It has come to be recognized by all our leading authorities that the Americen public school system has been in danger of break­ ing do wn at this point-that the thousands and millions who fre­ quent our schools and colleges are too often imbued with the idea, when they leave the school-room, that toil with the hands - phys­ icallabor- is beneath them. They have not been trained to work, to apply the eye, the hand. the muscles and the judgment to some u eful purpose; they are therefore unfitted for physical toil and despise it. Too often they become indifferent teachers, or shift­ less clerks, or have to begin at the age of sixteen or eighteen to learn the very ABC of some occupation-and often failing with their undisciplined powers and with their feeble efforts, they re­ cruit the ranks of idleness and crime. The tendency of this edu­ cation of the mind to neglect of the hand in securing results is to Increase the restlessness of the time and to unfit many for true service. No work is degrading. To do anything well which can contribute to the comfort of any human being is no disgrace; rath­ er, it i most honorable. - From an address by Dr. Franklin Carter at the Berkshire Industrial Farm, Canaan. N. Y. •

CIIILOCC'O STUDEN'fS ENJOY ING SKATING Thl" illll veiw takf'll hy the JOURNAl. cnm",rll of Il parlor tht. Chllocco ('lImpu8 hlke d\II'ing lI kfltinll lllt.'lulo n , lCl'neruJly bt' iil'innll1M' the 1081 ,,( Ot't'I'mbrr anll ""ttink until tht, I"M' or JIIIHmry. It 111ft m('rry l)1ill'(' (o r n ('nrly ull l ndlllnl!l take 10 thl.' It.'p.