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Herrien Aldizkaria MAGAZINE OF THE PEOPLES HERRIEN ALDIZKARIA Número 14. Año 2009 / 14. Issue Year 2009 Foreword: Clotilde Olaran The Votes: Javier Ruiz de Aguirre Armenia a través de la Asociación España-URSS: Magdalena Garrido Ciclo “Derechos humanos, conflictos y cine”: Igor Barrenetxea La declaración universal de Derechos Humanos en su 60 aniversario: Felipe Gómez La recuperación de la memoria colectiva en Llodio II: Fundación Amalur El cine como alegoría histórica: Igor Barrenetxea NOTICIAS: Inauguración de las nuevas oficinas EDITORIAL EDITORIAL DERECHOS HUMANOS, LOS DERECHOS DE HUMAN RIGHTS: RIGHTS OF ALL OF HUMANITY TODOS LOS HOMBRES December 10, 1948 was a historic day: the United Nations General Assem- 10 de diciembre de 1948. La Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas bly adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. aprueba y proclama en ese histórico día “La Declaración Universal de los The Declaration comprises 30 articles. The Preamble asserts that recog- Derechos Humanos” nition of the inherent dignity and of the universal, unrenounceable, Esta declaración que se integra en 30 artículos, defiende en su Preámbu- imprescriptible, indivisible, equal and inalienable rights of all lo que la libertad, la justicia y la paz en el mundo tienen por base el members of the human family is the foundation of freedom. reconocimiento de la dignidad intrínseca y de los derechos universa- It also defends the idea that human beings should be freed les, irrenunciables, imprescriptibles, indivisibles, iguales e inaliena- from fear and poverty so that they can enjoy freedom of bles de todos los miembros de la familia humana. Defiende speech and freedom of belief. To that end, it maintains asimismo que los seres humanos sean liberados del that human rights should be protected by the rule temor y de la miseria, para poder disfrutar de la of law, and that nations must promote social libertad de palabra y de la libertad de creen- progress and better standards of life in cias. Además y para conseguir estos ob- a larger freedom, with universal res- jetivos se insiste en que los derechos pect for and observance of hu- humanos deben ser protegidos man rights and fundamental por un régimen de Derecho, y freedoms. que las diferentes naciones The common ideal expres- deberán promover el pro- sed in the Declaration is greso social y contribuir that all peoples and a elevar el nivel de vida nations should strive dentro de un concepto to promote respect de libertad, de respeto for these rights and universal y efectivo a freedoms and by los derechos y liber- progressive measu- tades fundamentales res, national and del hombre. international, to El ideal común en secure their uni- esta Declaración versal and effecti- consiste en que to- ve recognition and dos los pueblos y na- observance, both ciones se esfuercen en among the peoples conseguir el respeto a of Member Sta- estos derechos y liberta- tes themselves and des, y aseguren con medi- among the peoples of das progresivas de carácter territories under their nacional e internacional, su jurisdiction, and that they reconocimiento y aplicación should do so by teaching universales y efectivos, tanto entre and education, mainstays in- los pueblos de los Estados Miembros forming individuals and achie- como entre los territorios colocados ving progress and development for bajo su jurisdicción. Todo ello mediante la persons and for society. This means enseñanza y la educación, pilares de la forma- applying the principle of “united we stand, ción del individuo y del progreso y desarrollo de las divided we fall” and the idea that it is within personas y de la sociedad. De esta forma se hará realidad our power to make changes. el principio de que la unión hace la fuerza y de que en nuestras Although the Declaration is not obligatory or binding states, it manos está el cambio. served as the basis for drawing up to UN and international co- Aunque la Declaración no es un documento obligatorio o vinculante venants – the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights para los estados, sirvió como base para la creación de las dos convenciones and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural internacionales de la ONU, el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos Rights -- both of which were adopted by the UN General Assembly. The y el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, ambos Declaration and the International Covenants on Human Rights together adoptados por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas. De esta forma, esta make up what is known as the International Bill of Human Rights. Declaración unida a los Pactos Internacionales de Derechos Humanos com- However, in spite of everything, there are still many massacres in the prende la denominada Carta Internacional de los Derechos Humanos. world, there is still gender violence, mistreatment, terrorism, etc, and hu- Sin embargo y a pesar de todo, siguen siendo muchísimas las masacres en el man behaviour all too often attains unimaginable levels of humiliation mundo, permanece la violencia de género, el maltrato, el terrorismo…la ve- and contemptibility. Even in those countries which claim and indeed are jación y la vileza en muchos comportamientos humanos, que en demasiadas assumed to be democratic and advanced. All too frequently, miscon- ocasiones superan lo imaginable. Incluso en aquellos países que se suponen y ceptions are seen to prevail in countries which believe themselves to be dicen ser democráticos y avanzados. Y es que con demasiada frecuencia pode- highly developed, as they defend what they believe to be their rights and mos observar que en los países que se creen desarrollados, predomina un con- neglect or forget about their duties and obligations to others. Because cepto erróneo, la defensa de lo que creen sus derechos y el olvido o la amnesia although the best interest and welfare of human beings in general should de los deberes, de las obligaciones para con el resto. Y es que, aunque el interés prevail over particular interests, the truth is that there is still a great y el bienestar del ser humano deben prevalecer sobre intereses particulares, lo many international conflicts and that internal confrontations are the or- cierto es que los conflictos internacionales siguen siendo muy numerosos y los der of the day among many peoples. enfrentamientos internos son constantes en muchísimos pueblos. Only a people who know and understand their rights can demand that Sólo un pueblo que conoce y entiende sus derechos, sabrá exigir su respeto those rights be upheld and commit to the struggle to attain them. y se comprometerá a luchar por ellos. We often forget that civic-mindedness depends on each one of us: it is Ahora bien, nos olvidamos con frecuencia de que el civismo es de cada uno an attitude to life, a way of living and acting, and a way of opening up or, de nosotros, constituye una actitud ante la vida, una forma de ser y de depending on how we behave towards and relate to it. Institute for the Europe of the Peoples, Basque Foundation actuar, y de que el mundo se abre o se cierra según nuestra forma de com- The need to behave fraternally to those around us is a characteristic portarnos y relacionarnos en él. which is common to all great traditions. Equality, respect, solidarity and La necesidad de comportarse fraternalmente con aquellos que nos rodean justice are concerns that have been sheared by all cultures, whether they es una característica común de todas las grandes tradiciones. La igualdad, have been materialised orally or in writing. They can be seen in Asia (Chi- el respeto, la solidaridad y la justicia han sido preocupaciones compartidas na, India), in the Middle East (Mesopotamia, Egypt), in the pre-Columbian por todas las culturas, que de forma oral o escrita han materializado estas cultures of America and in those based on the European cultures of Gree- preocupaciones. Ya sea en Asia (China, India), en Oriente Medio (Mesopota- ce and Rome. mia, Egipto), en las culturas precolombinas o en aquellas en las que se basa la cultura europea( Grecia y Roma), vemos esta inquietud. A long list of events, codes and laws that have taken these issues into ac- count can be drawn up, extending throughout the history of humanity: Así, podríamos plasmar en una extensa nómina, una relación de códigos y Urukagina’s Code (Mesopotamia, 2350 BC), the Code of Ur-Nammu (Me- leyes que a través de la Historia de la Humanidad han tenido en cuenta estas sopotamia, 2050 BC), Hammurabi’s Code (Babylon, 1700 BC), the Ten cuestiones. El Código de Urukagina( Mesopotamia, 2350 a.C), el Código de Commandments (1250 BC), the Laws of Manu (India, 1280-880 BC), the Ur-Nammu (Mesopotamia, 2050 a.C.), el Código de Hammurabi ( Babilo- Draconic Code (Athens, 621 BC), the birth of Zarathustra (Persia, 630 nia, 1700 a.C.), los Diez Mandamientos(1250 a.C.), el Código de Manú( India, BC), the Laws of Lycurgus (Sparta, 600 BC), the birth of the Buddha (560 1280 a 880 a. C.), el Código de Dracón(Atenas, 621 a.C.), el nacimiento de Zaratustra(Persia, 630 a.C.), las Leyes de Licurgo ( Esparta, 600 a.C.)… el naci- BC), the birth of Confucius (550 BC), the Law of the Twelve Tables, the miento de Buda (560 a.C.), el nacimiento de Confucio(550 a.C), …la Ley de las preachings of Jesus of Nazareth, the Edict of Milan (313 AD), the Justi- Doce Tablas, …la predicación de Jesús de Nazaret, el Edicto de Milán( año 313), nian Code (529 AD), the birth of Muhammad, the first School of Law in el Código de Justiniano( año 529), el
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