Compilation and Translation Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War Vetushko-Kalevich, Arsenii 2019 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Vetushko-Kalevich, A. (2019). Compilation and Translation: Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War. Lund University. 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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Compilation and Translation Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War ARSENII VETUSHKO-KALEVICH FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND THEOLOGY | LUND UNIVERSITY The work of Johannes Widekindi that appeared in 1671 in Swedish as Thet Swenska i Ryssland Tijo åhrs Krijgz-Historie and in 1672 in Latin as Historia Belli Sveco-Moscovitici Decennalis is an important source on Swedish military campaigns in Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. The Swedish version is also a significant monument of Early Modern Swedish language, whereas the Latin one is a most impressive piece of Swedish Neo-Latin historiography. Despite the importance of the work and the fact that the two versions are not identical, the relation between them has never been the subject to a thorough investigation. The dissertation seeks to analyze both the extrinsic and intrinsic evidence of Widekindi’s working process and thus to elucidate the substance of his texts. Faculty of Humanities and Theology Centre for Languages and Literature 899699 Studia Graeca et Latina Lundensia 26 ISBN 978-91-88899-69-9 789188 ISSN 1100-7931 9 Compilation and Translation Compilation and Translation Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War Arsenii Vetushko-Kalevich DOCTORAL DISSERTATION by due permission of the Faculty of Humanities and Theology, Lund University, Sweden. To be defended at LUX (Helgonavägen 3), room B129, 12 December 2019, at 10.15. Faculty opponent Dr. Kristi Viiding Organization Document name LUND UNIVERSITY Doctoral dissertation Centre for Languages and Literature Date of issue 12 December 2019 Author Sponsoring organization Arsenii Vetushko-Kalevich Title and subtitle Compilation and Translation: Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War Abstract The purpose of the dissertation is to trace the working process of Johannes Widekindi (ca 1620–1678), Swedish historiographer of the Realm, when writing his bilingual history of the Swedish military actions in Russia in 1609–1617, published in 1671 in Swedish as Thet Swenska i Ryssland tijo åhrs Krijgz-Historie and in 1672 in Latin as Historia Belli Sveco-Moscovitici Decennalis. Chapter 1 of the dissertation consists of an overview of the Latin historiography during the Swedish Great Power period, together with a sketch of Widekindi’s biography and an overview of his works. Chapter 2 deals with general information about Historia Belli / Krijgz-Historie and contains an overview of the previous research as well as a section on the aims and methods of the present dissertation. The subject of chapter 3 is the extrinsic evidence of the working process, provided primarily by the collection of letters from Widekindi to Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie. Chapter 4 deals with Widekindi’s sources. A detailed comparison makes it possible to evaluate the reliability of the author’s own statement that he first wrote his work in Latin and then translated it into Swedish. Whenever there is no obvious correspondence to the wording of the source in either of two versions, one needs to apply detailed philological analysis of the differences between them. It turns out that the Latin version is, with certain reservations, the original one, whereas the Swedish version contains both passages translated from Latin (in certain cases revised with the help of the source) and those quoted directly after the source. Chapter 5 deals with Widekindi’s translation technique. The quantitative TRIX-method is used to describe the formal correspondence between the source text and the target text, taking into account both the lexical equivalence between the corresponding substantives in two versions and the syntactical equivalence between the corresponding finite verb forms. Finally, there is a survey of some general differences between two versions, e.g. the lack of classical allusions in the Swedish version and the scarce and inconstant use of titles in the Latin one. Other bilingual editions and translations from Latin into Swedish from the same period serve as comparative background. Key words Johannes Widekindi, historiography, Neo-Latin, compilation, translation, Swedish-Russian relations Classification system and/or index terms (if any) Supplementary bibliographical information Language English ISSN and key title ISBN 1100-7931 Studia Graeca et Latina Lundensia 26 978-91-88899-69-9 Recipient’s notes Number of pages Price 219 Security classification I, the undersigned, being the copyright owner of the abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation, hereby grant to all reference sources permission to publish and disseminate the abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation. Signature Date 2019-10-30 Compilation and Translation Johannes Widekindi and the Origins of his Work on a Swedish-Russian War Arsenii Vetushko-Kalevich Cover: Johannes Widekindi’s letter to Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, 15 March 1672. Photo by Riksarkivet (the National Archives of Sweden) Copyright: Arsenii Vetushko-Kalevich Faculty of Humanities and Theology Centre for Languages and Literature Studia Graeca et Latina Lundensia 26 ISBN 978-91-88899-69-9 ISSN 1100-7931 Printed in Sweden by Media-Tryck, Lund University, Lund 2019 Acknowledgements First of all I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisors. The help of Professor Arne Jönsson who supported and encouraged me in all possible spheres of the academic life far beyond the writing of the dissertation cannot be overestimated. It is mainly his merit if the dissertation is reader- friendly at least in some passages, not to mention a great deal of advice and remarks in strictly scholarly matters. My secondary supervisor, Professor Lars Wollin, was perhaps my most critical reader, and I can remember no questions or remarks that would have seemed irrelevant to me. His brilliant and multifaceted philological ingenuity (including an unusual among the non- classicists comprehension of Latin text) has been indispensable in treating such a complex research subject. I would also thank Peter Sjökvist (Uppsala University Library), who acted as a public examiner at the final seminar and made countless useful remarks. His feedback was comparable to the one given by the supervisors. Different sections of the thesis have been fruitfully discussed in different university seminars – in Lund, in St. Petersburg, at one of the meetings of the Nylatinska nätverket in Uppsala, at the Althistorisches Kolloquium in Bern and at several conferences – and I have been overwhelmed by the lively interest many of my colleagues have shown for the (very specific and narrow) subject of my research. My thanks to all the participants of these discussions, in particular to Elisabet Göransson, Astrid Nilsson, Cajsa Sjöberg, Johanna Svensson, Denis Keyer, Mikhail Pozdnev, Souren Takhtajan, Alexey Belikov, Hans Helander, Josef Eskhult and many others. My special gratitude to all my teachers at the Classical Gymnasium in St. Petersburg and at St. Petersburg University, in particular to Vsevolod Zelchenko, who taught me Latin both at the gymnasium and at the university, and not only introduced me to the language itself, but, more importantly, to the elements of textual criticism and of philological analysis in general. Si quid est in me ingeni... I would also like to thank cordially Aske Damtoft Poulsen for being a perfect office-mate and my good friends Vera Hefter and Yevgenia Blashchuk who helped me with some technical issues and proofreading. Finally, I am grateful to the Hjalmar Gullbergs och Greta Thotts stipendiefond for funding the final three months of my working process. Оften recalling the words of Prof. Birger Bergh, as reported to me by Prof. Arne Jönsson, “The worst thing they can do for me is to thank me – then people would think that it is me who is illiterate in Latin!”, hereby I make the definite reservation that all the mistakes should be, of course, regarded as my own. Lund, October 2019 Arsenii Vetushko-Kalevich Table of Contents Foreword 1 Introduction: Latin historiography in 17th century Sweden 2 1. The author 10 1.1. Widekindi’s biography 10 1.2. Widekindi’s writings 15 2. The book 20 2.1. Historia Belli Sveco-Moscovitici Decennalis / Thet Swenska i Ryssland Tijo åhrs Krijgz-Historie: general information 20 2.1.1. Historical background 28 2.1.2. The contents of Widekindi’s work 32 2.2. Previous research 34 2.3. Aims and methods of the present study 36 3. Widekindi’s own accounts about his working process 38 4. Sources and the use of them 49 4.1.