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11692687.Pdf UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI FACOLTÀ DI LETTERE E FILOSOFIA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN STORIA, LETTERATURE E CULTURE DEL MEDITERRANEO - INDIRIZZO CLASSICO (XXIV CICLO) ______________ Lucilio: un intellettuale del II secolo a.C. VOLUME I Direttore della scuola: Prof. Piero Bartoloni Tutor: Prof. Luciano Cicu Dottoranda: Dott.ssa Eleonora Mura Anno Accademico 2010-2011 Ai miei genitori, con immensa gratitudine RINGRAZIAMENTI Esprimo i miei più sinceri ringraziamenti al mio maestro, Prof. Lucia­ no Cicu, che ha seguito il mio percorso di studi con grande compe­ tenza, umanità e disponibilità. A lui va la mia più grande riconoscen­ za per avermi formata metodologicamente e con spirito costruttivo. I INDICE INTRODUZIONE…………………………………………………… p. 1 CAPITOLO I – LA BIOGRAFIA DI LUCILIO ....…………………p. 3 1. Le notizie sicure ………………………………………………… p. 3 1.1. Il luogo di nascita …………..…………………………………. p. 3 1.2. La partecipazione a Numanzia ……..………………………. p. 4 1.3. La data di morte ….……………………………………………. p. 8 2. La data di nascita …...…………………………………………. p. 9 2.1. Il 148 a.C. …………………………………….…………………. p. 9 2.2. Il 180 a.C. ……………………………………………….………. p. 10 2.3. Il 168 a.C. …………………………………….…………………. p. 13 2.4. Il 198 a.C. ……………………………………….………………. p. 14 3. L’elevata condizione sociale e la ricchezza …….………. p. 16 3.1. La condizione di cittadino romano ………………………….p. 16 3.2. La famiglia senatoria e l’appartenenza all’ordine equestre ………………………………………………………….. p. 18 3.3. Le proprietà terriere e le case …….………………………….p. 20 4. Il soggiorno in Grecia ….…….…..…………………………….p. 21 5. I viaggi nelle due grandi isole del Mediterraneo ……….p. 24 5.1. Il viaggio in Sicilia …..…………………………………………. p. 24 5.2. Il viaggio in Sardegna …………………………………………. p. 27 6. La vita a Roma ………………….……………….……………….p. 32 6.1. Il legame con il “circolo” scipionico …………………..……. p. 32 ELEONORA MURA, Lucilio: un intellettuale del II secolo a.C., Tesi di dottorato in Storia, Letterature e Culture del Mediterraneo - indirizzo classico, Università degli Studi di Sassari. II 6.2. Il rifiuto della politica attiva e l’accusa di violazione della lex Thoria …………………..……………………….……..p. 33 6.3. La vita privata …..…..…………………………………………..p. 36 7. Gli ultimi anni …………….……..……..………………………..p. 38 Le date importanti della vita di Lucilio ………………………….. p. 39 CAPITOLO II – L’OPERA …...………………………………………. p. 41 1. La storia del testo ……………………………………………….p. 41 1.1. Il periodo di composizione …………………………………… p. 41 1.2. La pubblicazione ………………………………………………..p. 43 1.3. I libri XXVI-XXX …………….…………………………………..p. 44 1.4. I libri I-XXI …………...…………………………………………. p. 48 1.5. I libri XXII-XXV ……...………………………………………….p. 51 1.6. Il titolo ………………...…………………………………………. p. 51 2. La trasmissione del testo …….……………………………….p. 53 2.1. Edizioni, commentari e glossari ……………………………..p. 53 2.2. La scomparsa dell’edizione integrale ……………………….p. 57 2.3. La sopravvivenza dell’opera sotto forma di frammenti … p. 57 2.4. I frammenti pervenuti ………..………………………………..p. 58 2.5. I frammenti dubbi …..………………………………………….p. 60 2.6. Il frammento citato da Parthenius …………………………..p. 63 2.7. I frammenti trasmessi dagli Excerpta Andecavensia ……p. 65 2.8. I frammenti trasmessi da fonti epigrafiche …….………… p. 67 3. I problemi di edizione …..…………………………………….. p. 70 3.1. L’identificazione del testo ……………………………………..p. 70 3.2. La ricostruzione del testo ……………………………………..p. 74 4. Il metodo di compilazione di Nonio e la classificazione ELEONORA MURA, Lucilio: un intellettuale del II secolo a.C., Tesi di dottorato in Storia, Letterature e Culture del Mediterraneo - indirizzo classico, Università degli Studi di Sassari. III dei frammenti luciliani ……………………………………….. p. 77 4.1. Il De compendiosa doctrina …….……………………………..p. 77 4.2. Il principio di classificazione secondo Marx ..…………….p. 79 4.3. La legge di Lindsay ……………………………………………..p. 83 4.4. La problematica noniana dopo Marx e Lindsay e l’impossibilità di ricostruzione del testo luciliano attraverso il “Dizionario” di Nonio …………………………. p. 93 5. Le edizioni luciliane moderne ……………………………….p. 96 5.1. Dall’edizione di Dousa a quella di Krenkel ………………. p. 96 5.2. L’edizione di Charpin …………………………………………..p. 97 CAPITOLO III – TRASFORMAZIONI POLITICHE SOCIALI ED ECONOMICHE NEL II SECOLO A.C. …….……………………p. 100 1. L’evoluzione della politica estera …………………………..p. 100 1.1. Le guerre di conquista in Oriente ………………………….. p. 100 1.2. L’espansione nel Mediterraneo ….………………………….. p. 102 2. La situazione socio-economica dopo la conquista del Mediterraneo ………………………………………………………… p. 104 2.1. I profitti derivanti dal crescente impero ………………….. p. 104 2.2. Le tasse e il sistema fiscale a Roma e nelle province ….. p. 106 2.3. La crisi della piccola proprietà contadina e la nascita della villa rustica …………………...…………………………..p. 109 2.4. Le nuove opportunità economiche: commercio e manifattura ………………………………………………………p. 111 2.5. I problemi sociali dello Stato romano: proletari e italici ……………………………………………………………… p. 112 3. La classe dirigente romana dopo le grandi vittorie ELEONORA MURA, Lucilio: un intellettuale del II secolo a.C., Tesi di dottorato in Storia, Letterature e Culture del Mediterraneo - indirizzo classico, Università degli Studi di Sassari. IV militari ………………….…………………………………………. p. 114 3.1. L’aumento del prestigio dell’aristocrazia e la chiusura della nobilitas …….….…………………………………………. p. 114 3.2. L’arricchimento della classe governante: l’investimento in proprietà fondiarie e l’esclusione dal commercio marittimo …………...……..……………………………………. p. 117 3.3. Il consolidamento dell’ordine equestre: la nascita di una classe capitalistica ……….……………………………………. p. 119 4. L’influsso greco sulla società e la vita romana ……..….p. 122 4.1. L’inutile battaglia di Catone il Censore contro i mores Graecorum …………….………………………………………….p. 122 4.2. L’ostentazione del lusso e l’abbandono alle piacevolezze del gusto orientale …………………………………………….. p. 124 4.3. Le leggi suntuarie …..…………………………………………. p. 130 4.4. Il declino della vita familiare e l’emancipazione della donna …………………………………………………………….. p. 132 4.5. Il nuovo modello educativo di stampo ellenistico ………. p. 136 4.6. Le innovazioni nella vita religiosa e l’introduzione di culti orientali ………...………………………………………….p. 138 CAPITOLO IV – LUCILIO E LA SOCIETÀ ROMANA DEL II SECOLO A.C. …………...…………………………………………. p. 141 1. I mutamenti economici e sociali ……….…………………..p. 141 1.1.L’incremento del commercio e la nascita del ceto equestre ……………..……………………………………………. p. 141 1.2. L’evoluzione della condizione femminile ………………….. p. 145 1.3. Il rifiuto della religione tradizionale e il problema dell’ager publicus …..………………………………………….. p. 151 2. La polemica sul lusso orientaleggiante ………….………. p. 153 ELEONORA MURA, Lucilio: un intellettuale del II secolo a.C., Tesi di dottorato in Storia, Letterature e Culture del Mediterraneo - indirizzo classico, Università degli Studi di Sassari. V 2.1. La condanna della smania di lusso, avidità e fasto nella vita quotidiana di alcuni esponenti della nuova nobilitas ………………………………………………………….. p. 154 a) La nascita dell’amore per il lusso e la ricchezza …………………. p. 154 b) Le abitazioni private: arredamento e suppellettili ………………..p. 155 c) L’abbigliamento femminile e gli oggetti di ornamento …………..p. 161 d) Gli eccessi della tavola ..……………………………………………..p. 164 e) L’antitesi fra il nuovo lusso romano e le realtà più semplici del passato o di altri luoghi …………………………..…………………p. 176 2.2. La critica alle mollezze dei costumi orientali ……………..p. 181 a) Il vizio del bere …………...………………………………………… p. 182 b) La pratica delle prostitute di lusso …………………………………p. 183 c) L’effeminatezza …..…………….…………………………………… p. 184 d) La pederastia …..…………………………………………………….p. 186 3. Lucilio contestatore dell’ellenomania eccessiva ……… p. 190 3.1. Un dio greco nel Pantheon romano: Apollo ………...…….p. 191 3.2. L’esempio di un filoelleno romano: Tito Albucio ..……….p. 194 4. Lucilio sostenitore del filoellenismo moderato degli Scipioni ……………………………………………………………. p. 198 4.1. Mode e usanze greche …..……………………………………. p. 198 4.2. L’inclusione dei Romani nel mondo culturale dei Greci ……………………………………………………………….p. 202 CAPITOLO V – LA LOTTA POLITICA NEL II SECOLO A.C. …. p. 204 1. Gli Scipioni: dall’apogeo alla caduta ……………………….p. 204 1.1. La lotta politica tra i gruppi nobiliari ……………………… p. 204 1.2. Le famiglie rivali e l’affermazione degli Scipioni ………… p. 206 1.3. Scipione Africano: l’emergenza di una personalità ELEONORA MURA, Lucilio: un intellettuale del II secolo a.C., Tesi di dottorato in Storia, Letterature e Culture del Mediterraneo - indirizzo classico, Università degli Studi di Sassari. VI dominante …..……………………………………………………p. 207 1.4. Catone il Censore e l’opposizione alla politica scipionica ……..…………………………………………..…….. p. 210 1.5. I processi contro gli Scipioni e il tramonto dell’Africano …………………………………………………….. p. 212 2. La lotta dell’aristocrazia contro l’ascesa politica dei singoli membri ..………………………………………………….p. 214 2.1. Il problema delle personalità emergenti: le straordinarie carriere di Marco Claudio Marcello e Tito Quinzio Flaminino ……………….………………………………………..p. 214 2.2. Le misure legislative .…………………………………………..p. 217 3. Scipione Emiliano e la politica riformatrice dei Gracchi …………………………………………………………….. p. 219 3.1. Una nuova scissione all’interno della nobiltà: optimates e populares .……………………………………………… …….. p. 219 3.2. L’ascesa di un nuovo membro della famiglia degli Scipioni: Scipione Emiliano …………………………………. p. 220 3.3. I sostenitori e gli avversari di Scipione Emiliano…..…….p. 222 3.4. I rapporti politici fra Scipione Emiliano e i Gracchi nel 133 a.C ........................................................................p.
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