DOCSLIB.ORG

Bethesda-College Park Corridor Enhanced Bus Improvements

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bethesda-College Park Corridor Enhanced Bus Improvements BETHESDA-COLLEGE PARK CORRIDOR ENHANCED BUS IMPROVEMENTS Submitted To: Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority 600 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 ® Maryland Transit Administration 6 St. Paul Street Baltimore, MD. 21202-1614 Prepared By: P2D a joint venture of: P Parsons Transportation Group Inc. P Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. P Delon Hampton & Associates, Chartered Kittelson & Associates, Inc. TranSystems April 2007 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................9 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................9 Chapter 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................13 Project Overview ........................................................................................................13 Purpose and Need......................................................................................................14 Project Goals and Performance Measures.................................................................15 Project Milestones & Timeline ....................................................................................17 Chapter 2 Service Plan....................................................................................................19 Existing Transit...........................................................................................................19 Proposed Concept for Enhanced Service ..................................................................22 Service Implementation Phasing................................................................................25 Operating Costs..........................................................................................................33 Service Improvements................................................................................................37 Chapter 3 Stop Improvements.........................................................................................39 Existing Bus Stop Facilities ........................................................................................39 Location of Enhanced Bus Stops ...............................................................................39 Enhanced Bus Stop Improvements ............................................................................45 Implementation of Bus Stop Improvements................................................................61 Chapter 4 Runningway Improvements ............................................................................62 Introduction.................................................................................................................62 Existing Traffic & Transit Conditions...........................................................................62 Transit Preferential Treatments ..................................................................................67 Observed Benefits......................................................................................................72 Challenges..................................................................................................................73 Application of TSP on the J4 Corridor ........................................................................75 Intersection Recommendations..................................................................................78 Running Way Analysis Conclusions...........................................................................92 Chapter 5 Ridership Outreach & Development ...............................................................93 Intercept Rider Survey................................................................................................93 Rider Outreach ...........................................................................................................95 Community Outreach..................................................................................................96 Public Meetings ..........................................................................................................96 Chapter 6 Branding .........................................................................................................98 Introduction to Branding .............................................................................................98 Branding Program ......................................................................................................99 Step 1: Brand Strategy ...............................................................................................99 Step 2: Brand Design ...............................................................................................103 Table of Exhibits Exhibit 1-1 Location of the Project Corridor .......................................................................... 14 Exhibit 1-2 Service Performance Measures.......................................................................... 16 Exhibit 2-1 Existing Corridor Bus Headways and Ridership ................................................. 19 Exhibit 2-2 Intercept Survey Origin & Destination Pairs........................................................ 22 Exhibit 2-3 Phase 1 Bus Headways...................................................................................... 25 Exhibit 2-4 Phase 2 Bus Headways...................................................................................... 29 Exhibit 2-5 Phase 3 Bus Headways...................................................................................... 31 Exhibit 2-6 Existing Corridor Service Operating Costs ......................................................... 33 Exhibit 2-7 Phase 1 Service Operating Costs....................................................................... 34 Exhibit 2-8 Phase 2 Service Operating Costs....................................................................... 35 Exhibit 2-7 Phase 3 Service Operating Costs....................................................................... 36 Exhibit 3-1 Eastbound Existing Stop Conditions and Recommended Improvements........... 43 Exhibit 3-2 Westbound Existing Stop Conditions and Recommended Improvements.......... 44 Exhibit 3-3 WMATA Regional Bus Study Stop Criteria ......................................................... 45 Exhibit 3-4 Bus Stop Improvement Unit Costs...................................................................... 51 Exhibit 3-5 Eastbound Bus Stop Improvement Costs ........................................................... 53 Exhibit 3-6 Westbound Bus Stop Improvement Costs .......................................................... 54 Exhibit 3-7 Total Stop Improvement Capitol Costs by Phase ............................................... 60 Exhibit 4-1 Average J4 Travel Time Data ............................................................................. 63 Exhibit 4-2 AVL Route Travel Times..................................................................................... 64 Exhibit 4-3 Arrival Patterns ...................................................................................................65 Exhibit 4-4 Existing Transportation Facilities and Roadway Designations ........................... 66 Exhibit 4-5 Transit Signal Priority Concept ........................................................................... 72 Exhibit 4-6 Bus Queue Jump/Queue Bypass Lane Examples.............................................. 74 Exhibit 4-7 Run Time Distribution, TriMet Line 12 ................................................................ 76 Exhibit 4-8 Segment Bus Delay Savings .............................................................................. 79 Exhibit 4-9 Segment Bus Travel Time Percent Savings ....................................................... 79 Exhibit 4-10 Segment Bus Delay Savings ............................................................................ 82 Exhibit 4-11 Segment Bus Travel Time Percent Savings ..................................................... 82 Exhibit 4-12 Segment Bus Delay Savings ............................................................................ 87 Exhibit 4-13 Segment Bus Travel Time Percent Savings ..................................................... 87 Exhibit 4-14 Segment Bus Delay Savings ............................................................................ 89 Exhibit 4-15 Segment Bus Travel Time Percent Savings ..................................................... 89 Exhibit 6-1 Bus Brands that intersect in the Corridor ............................................................ 99 Exhibit 6-2 Bus Graphics Survey ........................................................................................ 100 Exhibit 6-3 Brand Architecture of Corridor Brand Concept ................................................. 101 Exhibit 6-4 Corridor Customer Profiles for Branding Purposes........................................... 102 Exhibit 6-5 Customer Experience ....................................................................................... 103 Table of Figures Figure 1-1 Milestones & Timeline..........................................................................................18 Figure 2-1 WMATA Map of Existing Bus Service..................................................................20 Figure 2-2 Operating Plan, Existing Transit ..........................................................................21
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Business Tracking
    2011 Major Transit Initiatives City of Alexandria / DASH Name of Transit System: City of Alexandria / DASH Initiative Description of Initiative New Service, Service Enhancement, Incentives Description or examples of new or improved transit service implemented, new technology (i.e. WiFi), free bus pass, etc. New DASH AT2X Service from King Street Station to the Mark Center On August 8, 2011, DASH began providing 10 minute headway express service from King Street Station to the BRAC-133 complex at the Maark Center. New WMATA 7M Service from the Pentagon to the Mark Center. On August 8, 2011, WMATA began providing 10 minute headway express service from Pentagon to the BRAC-133 complex at the Maark Center. The City worked with the DOD to implement a new transit center at the Mark Center Business/Resident/Commuter Marketing Initiatives Description or examples of advertising, promotion, direct mail, facebook/twitter, events, etc. Advocacy Description of activity or member ship to APTA, local Chamber of Commerce, etc Major Transit Initiatives Name of Transit System: Arlington Transit (ART) Initiative Description of Initiative New Service, Service Enhancement, Incentives Description or examples of new or improved transit service implemented, new technology (i.e. WiFi), free bus pass, etc. Taking data from the dispatch/AVL/CAD system and 1) presenting it in a map module that allows selection of stop by route or location with a pop up showing next RealTime bus arrival system arrival times, 2) presenting it through an Internet url also allowing search by stop number or routes. Worked with CAD contractor to develop GTFS presentation system and making it available to the public through a commuterpage.com interface with RSS feed for GTFS interface updates.
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Fiscal 2008 Annual Budget
    Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Serving the National Capital Region Approved Fiscal 2008 Annual Budget Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Approved Fiscal 2008 Annual Budget Serving the National Capital Region Table of Contents Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Approved Fiscal 2008 Annual Budget Serving the National Capital Region Table of Contents Table of Contents General Manager’s Letter......................................................................................3 Chapter 1. Introduction to Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority...............................................................................5 Metro Profile ...............................................................................................5 Metro’s Strategic Plan ................................................................................6 Metro Board of Directors and Agency Oversight ........................................7 Organization Chart .....................................................................................9 How to Contact Metro...............................................................................10 Chapter 2. Budget Summary..............................................................................13 Operating Budget .....................................................................................16 Capital Budget..........................................................................................17 Reimbursable Projects .............................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • TJPDC RTP Responses September 26, 2019 1. What Transit Services
    TJPDC RTP Responses September 26, 2019 1. What transit services work well within our area? • Passenger Rail – 200% increase in 10 years. • JAUNT/UVA Partnership – Commuter service = UVA funding • Improved bus access in City. • Access and Services. • Frequency in a very small “core” of City. • UVA App. • UVA/CAT partnership. • Increase awareness of localities in Greenway. • UVA Bus system is good. • Transit Oriented Development within core. • Regional Transit Partnership. • Supportive local officials. • Intercity Megabus. • Planning – City/County cooperation. • Passenger Rail (10 anniversary of regional train) • Two new commuter transit services (one from the North) • Megabus increased offerings to DC • Improved bus access in the city • Frequency of bus service in the core • Increased local government awareness of and funding for greenways • Transit Oriented Development in the core • UVA Funding • UVA bus system is reliable • UVA App for rider services • UVA students, faculty, staff ride CAT (Charlottesville Area Transit) for free • JABA partnership with JAUNT • Informed, supportive local officials 2. What does not work well within our area? • Frequency. • No service to Waynesboro. • Farebox not convenient. • Weak peripheral service. • Lack of dedicated bike lane/shoulders. • No bus in the County. • Routes change on weekends. • Insurance burden for Amtrak Station • Week parking management policy. • No Park and Ride lots. • Private ownership of Amtrak. • Division of 2 agency, UTS/CAT. • Long bridge capacity. • Insufficient understanding
    [Show full text]
  • Alexandria Transit Company Board of Directors Meeting
    Alexandria Transit Company Board of Directors Meeting Wednesday, October 18, 2017 5:30 p.m. City Hall, Sister Cities Conference Room 1100 Meeting Agenda #1 Public Comment #2 Consideration of Meeting Minutes Approval September 13, 2017 All #3 Chairman’s Report Paul Abramson Chairman #4 T&ES Director’s Report Yon Lambert Director, T&ES #5 DASH General Manager’s Report a) Management Report b) Performance Reports Josh Baker c) Operating Report General Manager d) Fiscal Report e) General Manager’s Summary #6 New Business a) Ridership to date and projected revenue impacts related to ACPS & DOT MetroAccess programs b) Board Resolution, Hybrid vs. Clean Diesel proposal by General Manager All c) New Budget Schedule & TDP Process proposal by General Manager #7 Old Business a) DOT & MetroAccess Ride Free Program – Launched October 1, 2017 All b) OT Report and Analysis by General Manager Consideration of Convening an Executive Session for the Purpose of #8 Paul Abramson Discussing Legal and Personnel Matters, pursuant to Section 2.2-3711 Chairman (A1) of the Code of Virginia #9 Next Meeting Date & Adjournment The Next Regular Board Meeting will be Wednesday, November 8, 2017 All Consider Adjournment Alexandria Transit Company (DASH) Page 1 ATC Board Agenda Detail Agenda Item #: 2 Item Title: September 13, 2017 Minutes Contacts: Fatima Ahmed Attachments: None Customer Impact: None Board Action: Consideration of Approval Minutes Alexandria Transit Company (ATC) BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING September 13, 2017 – 5:30 p.m. A meeting of the Board of Directors of the Alexandria Transit Company was held on Wednesday, September 13, 2017 at Alexandria Transit Company (DASH) Board Room, 3000 Business Center Dr, Alexandria, VA 22314.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbia Pike Transit Initiative
    COLUMBIA PIKE TRANSIT INITIATIVE PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM FORMAL COMMENT PERIOD: MAY 22, 2012 – JUNE 21, 2012 Arlington County and Fairfax County, in conjunction with the Federal Transit Administration, issued an Alternatives Analysis/Environmental Assessment (AA/EA) for the Columbia Pike Transit Initiative. They conducted public meetings to seek comments on the document on June 6, 2012, at Patrick Henry Elementary School in Arlington and on June 7, 2012, at Goodwin House Baileys Crossroads in Falls Church. Both meetings were identical in format and were conducted from 7:00-9:00 PM. The formal comment period for written comments on the AA/EA was from May 22, 2012 through June 21, 2012. The public submitted comments through many venues, including comment forms, registered speakers’ oral comments at the public meetings, online comment form at www.piketransit.com, emails to [email protected], and mail sent to Columbia Pike Transit Initiative, P.O. Box 3915, Oakton, VA 22124. Attached are the public comments received during the formal comment period by unique commenter identification number (ID #). An index of the commenters and their ID # is shown in Appendix A, which follows the public comments. WMATA 1 600 Fifth Street, NW, Room 6F-16 www.piketransit.com Washington, DC 20001 Columbia Pike Transit Initiative June 2012 Public Comments Received during Formal Comment Period (5/22/12-6/21/12) ID Comment 001.01 Although I am supportive of public transportation in the case of the streetcar I oppose the project. The streetcar is limited in routes, not flexible, extremely costly to build and maintain.
    [Show full text]
  • Priority Corridor Network Plan
    Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Priority Corridor Network Plan PRIORITY CORRIDOR NETWORK PLAN Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority PRIORITY CORRIDOR NETWORK PLAN Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority THE NEED FOR IMPROVED BUS SERVICES The Washington metropolitan area has Figure 1: Transit Modes Used Figure 2: Metrorail, Metrobus, and been growing steadily for the past 30 years Local Service Areas and is expected to continue to grow. Accord- ing to Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) estimates, jobs are expected to increase by 31 percent between 2008 and 2030, and population is expected to grow 26 percent over the same period. How- ever, the region is not growing uniformly. The outer suburbs are expected to grow much faster than the regional core, with dramatic increases in population and employment. The regional core and inner suburbs will still have the highest concentrations of jobs in 2030, but the inner and outer suburbs will have the ma- jority of the population. per year, and is expected to continue to grow Between 2000 and 2008, travel time by Me- as population and employment increase. This trobus has increased due to growing conges- The growth in population and employment growth has led to challenges for the Metrobus and the pattern of growth both are contribut- tion. For example, Route 52 on Fourteenth service. Not only has demand been increas- Street in Washington DC experienced nearly ing to increased vehicle travel. More people ing, but the added traffic congestion stem- are traveling longer distances to reach their a 14 percent increase in travel time, Route ming from regional growth has been increas- 29K on Little River Turnpike/Duke Street in places of employment and other destinations.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 AC Residents Satisfaction Internet QUESTIONNAIRE
    Arlington County Residents Transportation Study October 22, 2006 J12016 Arlington County Residents Transportation Services Satisfaction Survey Internet Questionnaire Final – October 22, 2006 INTRODUCTION Arlington County is conducting this online survey about transportation issues and services among residents in your area. We would like to include your household in the survey. Your answers will be confidential. Please complete the survey and click on the “SUBMIT” button at the end. If you need to stop before you have finished the survey, your answers will be saved and you may come back and complete the remaining questions at a later time. Thank you for your participation A. QUALIFICATION SCREENERS A -1 Are you aged 18 or older? 1. Yes (CONTINUE WITH A-4) 2. No IF A-1 = 2 OR MISSING, SHOW THE FOLLOWING MESSAGE: “Thank you for your interest in the survey. Unfortunately, we are surveying only residents who are 18 years or older.” A-5 In what county or independent city do you live? (DO NOT READ) 1. Arlington County Æ CONTINUE ON TO NEXT QUESTION 2. Other Virginia county 3 Washington DC 4 Maryland county 9. Other county or city, other state MUST LIVE IN ARLINGTON COUNTY (CODE “1”) IN ORDER TO QUALIFY. IF A-5 NE 1, SHOW THE FOLLOWING MESSAGE: “Thank you for your interest in the survey. Unfortunately, we are surveying only residents of Arlington County.” B. CATEGORIZATION SCREENERS B-1 About how long have you lived in Arlington County? 1 Less than 2 years 2 2-5 years 3 6-10 years 4 More than 10 years 88 Don’t know B-2 Which of the following types
    [Show full text]
  • Standard VHB Memo Template
    January 29, 2010 Contract No. 09-049 An Evaluation of the Metrobus Priority Corridor Networks Draft Final Report Submitted to Metropolitan Washington Council of 777 North Capitol Street, N.E Governments Suite 300 Washington, District of Columbia 20002 Washington Metropolitan Area 600 5th Street, NW Transit Authority Washington, DC 20001 Submitted by In Association With: Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. Shapiro Transportation Consulting, LLC 8300 Boone Boulevard, Suite 700 Foursquare Integrated Transportation Planning Vienna, VA 22182 Gallop Corporation Contents Overview of Priority Corridor Network (PCN) Concept ...................................................... 1 PCN Concept ............................................................................................................................ 1 Current PCN Status ................................................................................................................. 1 PCN Evaluation Project .......................................................................................................... 4 PCN Evaluation Overall Findings ......................................................................................... 5 Overall Results of PCN Alternatives .................................................................................... 5 Results of Key Measures of Effectiveness in PCN Corridors ............................................ 7 PCN Impact on Regional Transit Ridership ...................................................................... 14 PCN Relationship
    [Show full text]
  • WMATA FQ11248 3 Amendme
    New Electronic Payments Program WMATA FQ 11248-3 Amendment 1 Design, Build, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Agreement 1. Section 2.2 entitled "Phase II - Operation and Maintenance" is hereby amended as follows: Phase II shall involve the operation and maintenance of the Equipment, Licensed Software and any other applicable Components of the NEPP System, as set forth in greater detail herein and in the Technical Specification. Authority may elect to transition the responsibilities for these services to Authority or to another Authority-approved entity at the conclusion of Phase I. Specifically, in Phase II, Contractor's responsibilities shall include the following services, as further specified, for example, in the Contract Section entitled "Operation and Maintenance". It is agreed and understood that, if the Authority elects to transition Phase II services to a Person other than the Contractor, the Contractor will remain responsible for warranty services and deliverables during the Warranty Period. 2. Section 2.6 entitled "Period of Performance" is hereby amended as follows: The period of performance is from the date of contract award through Final Acceptance and through the Warranty Period. At the Authority’s sole discretion, the Authority has the right to exercise two (2) five (5) year and up to five (5) additional one (1) year options for Operations and Maintenance Services (each an "O&M Option"). 3. Section 17.2 entitled "Phase II Maintenance and Support Services" is hereby amended as follows: During the Warranty Period and during Phase II (if the Authority exercises the O&M Option), on a services basis, for the NEPP System in production and after Final Acceptance, the Contractor shall render Maintenance services, including services that (i) address Errors, (ii) provide Error Corrections for and Updates to the Licensed Software, (iii) provide Updates to Software Documentation, all as set out in this Section (entitled "Software Maintenance").
    [Show full text]
  • Transit Element
    Master Transportation Plan Transit Element March, 2009 Master Transportation Plan 1 Transit Element – March 2009 v7 Table of Contents I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….... 1 II. Summary ……………………………………………………………………….....2 III. Policies, Implementation Actions and Performance Measures…………….5 IV. The Primary and Secondary Transit Networks…………….….…………..14 o Primary Transit Network o Definition of a Primary Transit Network o Characteristics of a Primary Transit Network o What Makes the Primary Transit Network Function? o Strategies for Enhancing Bus Travel Speed o PTN in Practice: Columbia Pike o Corridors, Key Characteristics, and Improvements o Primary Network Assessment and Priority Improvements o Secondary Transit Network o Amenities o Vehicle Standards o Accessibility Improvements o Implications of the Increase in Bus Service o Paratransit V. Planned Rail System Improvements ……………………………….….……...25 o Metrorail System Capacity Improvements o Northern Virginia High-Capacity Transit Improvements o Station Enhancements and Access Improvements VI. Program Implementation Strategies.……………………….…….…….…….27 o Transit Development and Coordination Plan o Regional Coordination Appendix A: The Existing Transit System ………………………………………...29 o Existing Systems Managed by Arlington, WMATA or NVTC o Bus Service Facilities o Additional Public Transit Services o Private Commuter, Employee/Student, and Airport Service o Paratransit and Taxicab Services o Department of Human Services and other Specialized Transportation Services I. Introduction The Master Transportation Plan (MTP) Goals and Policies document specifies three general policies that form the foundation of the MTP and, therefore, transportation in Arlington in the years ahead: integrating transportation with land use, supporting the design and operation of complete streets, and managing travel demand and transportation systems. Increasing transit use will be a prerequisite to accommodating continued long-term growth in Arlington’s population and business activity.
    [Show full text]
  • NSF Arlington Transportation Management Program
    NSF Arlington Transportation Management Program Naval District Washington NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NSF Arlington Transportation Management Program Final February 2014 Prepared for: Prepared by: THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT 6 4.7 Active Commuting Programs (Bicycling and Walking) 47 1.1 Goals and Objectives 6 4.8 Variable Work Schedules 47 1.2 Transportation Management Programs 6 4.9 Guaranteed Ride Home 47 1.3 The Regional Transportation Vision 7 5.0 MASTER PLAN LAND USE PROPOSALS: TRANSPORTATION IMPLICATIONS 48 1.4 NSF Arlington 9 5.1 Anticipated Land Use Changes 48 2.0 EXISTING TRANSPORTATION CONDITIONS 12 5.2 Employee Density Implications 48 2.1 Local Bus/Metrorail Services 13 5.3 Trip Generation / Modal Split Impacts 48 2.2 Nearby Transit Hub Centers 18 5.4 Master Plan Parking Supply Impacts 50 2.3 Commuter Rail Service 20 5.5 Multi-modal Provisions 50 2.4 Commuter Bus Service 21 6.0 PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT 52 2.5 Shuttle Service 22 PROGRAM 52 2.6 Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities 22 6.1 Employee Transportation Coordinator 57 2.7 Roadways 24 6.2 Parking Management 57 2.8 Gate Counts and Vehicle Classification 26 6.3 Transit Subsidies 57 2.9 Parking 28 6.4 Alternative Work Schedule and Telecommuting 57 2.10 Ridesharing 30 6.5 Shuttle Service 57 2.11 Employee Survey Results 31 6.6 Ridesharing 3.0 AREA PLANNING CONTEXT 41 6.7 Active Commuting Programs (Bicycling and Walking) 58 3.1 Columbia Pike Land Use and Housing Planning Studies
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 – Alternatives Considered
    A more detailed definition of each alternative, including additional operational and physical characteristics of each alternative, is available in 2.0 Alternatives Considered Volume II: Detailed Definition of Alternatives Technical Memorandum. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 requires a comparison of alternatives to satisfy a project’s purpose and need. Additionally, the FTA Table 2.1-1: Overview of Alternatives New Starts/Small Starts Program requires an alternatives analysis to support No Streetcar the selection of a Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA). As part of the project Build TSM 1 TSM 2 Build development process, FTA requires the development of a Transportation Planned Service Enhancements 9 9 9 9 Systems Management (TSM) alternative that can serve as a baseline alternative Increased Span of Service 9 9 9 for comparison to the proposed build alternative. A TSM alternative provides Consolidated Stop Locations 9 9 9 for modest investments that can improve the existing transit system without along Columbia Pike higher capital investments. This allows both FTA and decision-makers an Improved Service Coverage (to opportunity to compare alternatives to see if similar transit benefits can be and from Skyline) 9 9 9 achieved with a lower capital investment. Off-vehicle Fare Collection and Multi-door Boarding 9 9 To meet both the NEPA and New Starts/Small Starts requirements, the Increased Vehicle Passenger Columbia Pike Transit Initiative is evaluating four alternatives, ranging in Capacity 9 9 investment levels, which seek to address the transportation needs of the corridor. The alternatives include: Full Program of Stop Upgrades (Including transfer center and 9 9 x No Build Alternative near- level boarding) x TSM 1 Alternative – Enhanced Bus Rail Vehicles and Associated 9 x TSM 2 Alternative – Articulated Bus Performance Characteristics x Streetcar Build Alternative 2.1.1 No Build Alternative This chapter is organized into two parts.
    [Show full text]