Sustainability As a Foundation for Collaboration Between Science and Design

Sustainability as a Foundation for Collaboration between Science and Design

Mark S. Rea, Ph.D. Director and Professor Lighting Research Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, N. Y. 31 October 2009

Economy

Equity Ecology

From Cradle to Cradle by William McDonough & Michael Braungart. 2002.

Equity Ecology  Sustainability is a framework to gain competitive advantage and increase profitability through strategic planning and long-term decisions

 What is the price of light?

 What is the price of lighting?

lamp price + electricity rate (wattage x efficacy x life efficacy x 1000 ) x recommended illuminance = dollars per square meter-hour Lamp price adjusted to constant dollars Efficacy in lumens/watt Lamp life in hours Electricity cost adjusted to constant dollars Recommended illuminance in lux per IESNA

$1.00 (1967) = $6.21 (2008)

1913: ~ 300 lm

2008: ~ 3000 lm

225 200 sulfur lamp 175

compact fluorescent t t high-pressure sodium 150 125 fluorescent s / w a

low-pressure sodium 100 e n mercury vapor/metal halide 75 m l u incandescent LEDs 50 25 0 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 year

Adapted from: http://americanhistory.si.edu/lighting/tech/chart.htm

Adapted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec8_38.pdf

LEDs

Source: IESNA Lighting Handbook, 1st-9th eds.

peak $0.0030 electricity cost

$0.0025

increased three reduced $0.0020 light levels incandescent light levels technology $0.0015 fluorescent introduced H LED replacement $0.0010 LEDs + energy M L lamp replacement $0.0005 lamps + energy 1967 dollars per square meter • hour • meter square per 1967 dollars $0.0000 one light 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 level2010 year

Equity Ecology  Sustainability is a framework to preserve the environment through ecologically intelligent design and rational use of resources

Energy Environment

 Air pollution  Global warming

—probably impossible to measure precisely

—but not necessarily impossible to tax

Adapted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec8_38.pdf

$0.0030

$0.0025

$0.0020

$0.0015

$0.0010 lamps + energy x 2

$0.0005 lamps + energy 1967 dollars per square meter • hour • meter square per 1967 dollars $0.0000 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 year

lamp price + electricity rate (wattage x efficacy x life efficacy x 1000 ) x recommended illuminance + luminaires

= dollars per square meter-hour

$0.0030

$0.0025

$0.0020

$0.0015

$0.0010 + installation + luminaires lamp replacement $0.0005 lamps + energy 1967 dollars per square meter • hour • meter square per 1967 dollars $0.0000 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 year

lamp price + electricity rate (wattage x efficacy x life efficacy x 1000 ) x recommended illuminance + luminaires + design = dollars per square meter-hour

$0.0030

$0.0025

$0.0020

$0.0015 $2.50/m²* = 2.6% of the + design $0.0010 cost of ownership + installation + luminaires lamp replacement $0.0005 lamps + energy 1967 dollars per square meter • hour • meter square per 1967 dollars $0.0000 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 * in 2008 dollars year

As a commodity, lamp price drops by 2/3

 $2.50/m² $0.80/m²?

Equity Ecology  Sustainability is a framework to add social value, and a foundation for maintaining the value of design

 More than just lumens

 More than just lumens  More than just aesthetics

 More than just lumens  More than just aesthetics  Includes safety

 More than just lumens  More than just aesthetics  Includes safety  Includes security

 More than just lumens  More than just aesthetics Jet lag Seasonal Adolescents’  Includes safety affective sleep disorder patterns  Includes security Sports Space performance  Includes health travel Neonatal Breast intensive cancer care units

Night shift Older adults’ workers sleep patterns

Intensity Spectrum Distribution Timing Duration

Visual Appearance Visual System Performance

Performance, Well-being, Satisfaction, and Comfort

IESNA

Intensity Spectrum Distribution Timing Duration

Visual Appearance Visual System Performance

Performance, Well-being, Satisfaction, and Comfort

Alerting Phase Shift Effects Circadian System

IESNA

Intensity Spectrum Distribution Timing Duration

Visual Appearance Visual System Performance

Performance, Culture, Well-being, Experience, Satisfaction, Expectations and Comfort

Alerting Phase Shift Effects Circadian System

IESNA

Intensity Spectrum Distribution Timing Duration

Biederman, I. and Vessel, E. A. 2006. Perceptual Pleasure and the Brain. American Scientist. May-June. Fig. 2.

 U.S. EPA: National Center for Environmental Research  U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality  AIA Upjohn Research Initiative  NIH Office of Dietary Supplements  American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) Research Grants/New Investigator Awards in Alzheimer’s Disease  Wisconsin Energy Conservation Corporation  City of Welland, Ontario, Canada  Nuckolls Fund for Lighting Education Inc.

Economy

Lighting for profit: More than price

Lighting for Lighting for people: energy/environment: More than lumens More than the price of electricity

Equity Ecology