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Study and Optimization of Lighting Systems for Plant Growth in a Controlled Environment Feng Tian

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Study and Optimization of Lighting Systems for Plant Growth in a Controlled Environment Feng Tian Study and optimization of lighting systems for plant growth in a controlled environment Feng Tian To cite this version: Feng Tian. Study and optimization of lighting systems for plant growth in a controlled environment. Chemical and Process Engineering. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2016. English. NNT : 2016TOU30248. tel-01582072 HAL Id: tel-01582072 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01582072 Submitted on 5 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : l’Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier Discipline ou spécialité : Génie Electrique Présentée et soutenue par : Feng TIAN Le 06/12/2016 Titre : Etude et optimisation des systèmes d'éclairage pour la croissance des plantes en milieu contrôlé Title : Study and optimization of lighting systems for plant growth in a controlled environment JURY Pr. Georges ZISSIS Directeur de thèse Dr. David BUSO Codirecteur de thèse Pr. Muqing LIU Rapporteur Pr. Belkacem ZEGHMATI Rapporteur Pr. Corinne ALONSO Examinateur Dr. Zéphirin MOULOUNGUI Examinateur Dr. Christophe MARTINSONS Examinateur Mr. Thomas PRUDHOMME Examinateur Dr. Laurent CANALE Invité Ecole doctorale : Génie Electrique, Electronique et Télécommunications (GEET) Unité de recherche : LAboratoire PLAsma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE) UMR 5213 Directeur de Thèse : Georges ZISSIS et David BUSO Rapporteurs : Muqing LIU et Belkacem ZEGHMATI À ma famille Acknowledgements As the time flying away, the years shuttling again, three years have passed in a split second, and I will complete my Ph.D. life in lovely Toulouse, France. At the moment, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor Georges ZISSIS, my research supervisor, the director of ‘Light and Material’ group in Laplace. He has deep insight and understanding on lighting science and technology with focus on the latest light sources, light technology application and light degradation mechanism, and he has done a great work on this domain. Not only the great academic influences, his personality charm: energetic and approachable is being admired greatly. Thank him for his words and demonstrations leading me to the Scientific Palace. I acquired a lot during the three years, which would affect my whole life. I would like to express my grateful thanks to Dr. Laurent CANALE and Dr. David BUSO. With a cheerful, humorous, hospitable and talkative characters, Laurent give me a colorful time in Toulouse. He is an experienced engineer; not only in my experiments and study, he gave me a favorable guidance, but also helped me much in my daily life. He is my teacher as well as my friend. David works earnestly and responsibly. We did the same project together. He had a keen insight on the research and gave me a lot of helpful suggestions. Without his assistance and guidance, I cannot complete my work very well. I hope the next cooperation with him. I would like to thank the jury: Pr. Muqing LIU (reviewer), Pr. Belkacem ZEGHMATI (reviewer), Pr. Corinne ALONSO (examiner), Dr. Zéphirin MOULOUNGUI (examiner), Dr. Christophe MARTINSONS (examiner) and Mr. Thomas PRUDHOMME (examiner). I would like to say thanks to all the teachers and technicians in our group, such as Mr. Pascal DUPUIS, Mr. Manuel LOPES, Mr. Marc TERNISIEN, Mr. Cédric RENAUD, Mr. Jean-Luc, Mr. Gérald LEDRU, etc. It is my great honor to work with them. They are all my role models to learn how to do the scientific research. I thank my dear colleagues: Angel BARROSO, Benoit BLONDEL, Benjamin RAMOS, Sovannarith LENG, Alaa ALCHADDOUD, Urbain NIANGORAN, Yuan ZHANG, Xiaolin HUANG, Bo QIAO, Lumei WEI, Chenjiang YU, Song XIAO, Dongxi HE, Fang LEI, Linlin ZHONG, Fei WANG, Xi LIN, Li WU, Tianyi LIU, Wencong ZHANG, Jingyi WANG, etc. It is indeed my pleasure to exchange experiences and cooperate with them. Thus, I could improve my work quality and efficiency, and complete my thesis in time. I appreciate the assistance and advice from the engineers of LAPLACE, such as Jacques SALON, Stéphane MARTIN, Nordine OUAHHABI, Vincent BLEY，Cédric TRUPIN, Céline COMBETTES, etc. Without your kindly help, I cannot complete the experimental design and measurements. I appreciate Biosentec company for the financial and biotechnical support, so we can complete the biological experiments and project. I thank the teachers and classmates in INRA for the help of biological science and technology, such as Dr. Hua WANG, Dr. Zhongtao ZENG, Yanwei HAO, Hong YU, Qiang LI, Liyan SU, Binbin ZHOU, Gaofei JIANG, Xiaoyang ZHU, Guojian HU, Baowen HUANG, Tongming WANG, Yi CHEN, etc. I I must thank University Paul Sabatier (UPS) of Toulouse, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Laboratory on Plasma and Conversion of Energy (LAPLACE), Light and Material (LM) group, which provide an excellent and comfortable academic environment and friendly atmosphere. I thank professor Weibin CHENG, who was my supervisor during my master period. He broadened my horizons and guided me to the bright prospect of my life. I would like to say thanks to all the members in Laplace and all my dear friends in France and China for their encouragement and support. Finally, I wish to thank my family for their infinite care and encouragement. II Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... I Table of Contents ....................................................................................... 3 Abbreviations and Symbols ........................................................................ 7 General Introduction .................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1 State of the Art ......................................................................... 15 Synopsis .................................................................................................................. 17 1.1 Research background ............................................................................... 18 1.1.1 Population explosion ....................................................................................... 18 1.1.2 Food supply and security ................................................................................. 18 Insufficient food supply ............................................................................... 18 Food safety problems .................................................................................. 19 1.1.3 Agricultural economy problems ...................................................................... 20 1.1.4 Environmental pollution and climate change .................................................. 20 1.1.5 World energy crisis .......................................................................................... 21 1.2 Traditional farming vs controlled environment agriculture ........................ 22 1.2.1 Controlled environment agriculture ................................................................ 22 Definition of controlled environment agriculture ....................................... 22 Reasons to develop CEA .............................................................................. 23 Characteristics of CEA .................................................................................. 23 1.2.2 Commercial greenhouse .................................................................................. 24 1.2.3 Industrial plant factory .................................................................................... 25 1.2.4 Significances of CEA ......................................................................................... 28 1.3 Light sources ＆ lighting systems for CEA .................................................. 28 1.3.1 Light sources .................................................................................................... 28 Legacy light sources ..................................................................................... 28 1.3.1.1.a Incandescent lamp .............................................................................................................. 28 1.3.1.1.b Fluorescent lamp ................................................................................................................ 30 1.3.1.1.c High intensity discharge lamp ............................................................................................. 31 Solid state light sources ............................................................................... 33 1.3.1.2.a Light Emitting Diode ........................................................................................................... 33 1.3.1.2.b Organic Light Emitting Diode .............................................................................................. 34 3 Comparison of different light sources ......................................................... 35 1.3.2 Artificial light and plants .................................................................................. 37 Legacy light in CEA ......................................................................................
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