Review Lpr the Global Information Hub for Lighting Technologies March/April 2019 | Issue 72

www.led-professional.com ISSN 1993-890X

Review LpR The Global Information Hub for Lighting Technologies March/April 2019 | Issue 72

Interview: Scott Wade Research: Freeform Microlens Arrays Technologies: Smart Buildings DC Grids

www.FutureLightingSolutions.com Applications: Office Lighting Controls May 19 – 23, 2019 2019 LIGHTFAIRVisit Internationalus at our stand! Booth #1349 We look forward to seeing you.

FLS_CoverCorner_LED Pro_Lightfair.indd 1 2019-02-21 9:04 AM

CATEGORYEDITORIAL 4 Connected Miniaturized Lighting

In this issue of the LED professional Review (LpR) we want to catch up on the current topics in the lighting world again and also touch on future development and some of the main trends.

One topic that affects lighting technologies is progressing miniaturization. The control electronics, in particular, are still too heavy in relation to the LEDs and determine the form factors. There are two main directions concerning this topic that are dealt with:

On the one hand, Micro-LEDs are becoming a rapidly growing segment and optimized optics are required for this purpose. On the other hand, there is the approach of "centralizing" the electronics and supplying the energy via a DC grid. The topics in the automotive sector are also related and offer interesting solutions for miniaturization.

The second major area, in addition to miniaturization, is networking and, in a broader sense, Smart/AI controlled systems. This edition also concerns itself with EnOcean technology, a method of transmitting data without energy storage and the DALI standard, an interface that is developed, promoted and supported worldwide by the DiiA organization.

The DiiA (Digital Illumination Interface Alliance) will also host the first DALI Summit in Bregenz on September 25th, 2019, which will take place parallel to LpS 2019 and TiL 2019.

We're sure you'll enjoy this edition and look forward to your feedback!

Yours Sincerely,

Siegfried Luger Publisher, LED professional

CONTENT OVERVIEW 6

COMMENTARY REGULARS 08 What the Heck is Future-Proof? 04 EDITORIAL by Arno Grabher-Meyer, LED professional 08 COMMENTARY 10 COMPONENT NEWS TECH-TALKS BREGENZ 20 APPLICATION NEWS 25 RESEARCH NEWS 34 Dr. Scott Wade, DiiA 28 ORGANIZATION NEWS compiled by Dr. Guenther Sejkora, LED professional 32 REGULATION NEWS

RESEARCH 42 Semi-Empirical Characterization of Freeform Microlens Arrays by Oscar Fernández et al., CSEM & ANSYS 74 ABOUT | IMPRINT 50 Thermal and Optical Challenges for SSL in Automotive Applications by Umut Zeynep Uras et al., Ozyegin University & FARBA Corp.

TECHNOLOGIES 60 LED Lighting Systems in Smart Buildings with DC Microgrids by Carsten Moellers, Abalights

APPLICATIONS 66 Technologies for Shared Office Space by Matthias Kassner, EnOcean GmbH

HIGHLIGHTS 42 Semi-Empirical Characterization of Freeform Microlens Arrays 50 Thermal and Optical Challenges for SSL in Automotive Applications by Oscar Fernández et al., CSEM & ANSYS by Umut Zeynep Uras et al., Ozyegin University & FARBA Corp.

ADVERTISING INDEX

FUTURE LIGHTING SOLUTIONS 1 M.A.L. EFFEKT TECHNIK 17 TIL 55 LUMILEDS 2 CREE 21 HKTDC HK INT. LIGHTING FAIR (SPRING) 59 FULHAM 3 FLS-NICHIA 27 LIGHT FAIR INTERNATIONAL 65 EVONIK 5 FLS-SIGNIFY 29 LED EXPO THAILAND 69 FUTURE LIGHTING SOLUTIONS 7 FLS-LUMILEDS 31 CREE 72 LUMINUS DEVICES 9 TÜV SÜD 33 BRIDGELUX 72 INPOTRON 11 DIIA/DALI 41 GUANGZHOU INT. LIGHTING EXHIBITION 73 M.A.L. EFFEKT TECHNIK 12 INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS 45 LPR 75 GL OPTIC 17 LPS 49 WÜRTH 76

COMMENTARY CRITICAL THOUGHTS ON FUTURE-PROOFNESS 8

WHAT THE HECK IS FUTURE-PROOF?

The first time the question about future features are added and the technology

proofing LED systems came up seriously, behind the scene is changed. Upgrading to was at LightFair 2018 when Siegfried Luger a smarter system with a change to LEDs interviewed Patrick Durand. Since then, it has seems to be a no-brainer. While the question been the buzzword throughout the industry. of whether the potential of these new systems Discussions concerning future proofing are is fully utilized by the operator arises, it is often limited to wireless communications, important to ask: Which attributes make IoT and some type of AI. But isn't there more? such systems future-proof?

The term future proof usually implies that any At the other end of the scale, the availability necessary measure from replacing in part or as of a replacement in case of a failure may be a whole to upgrading or adding new features considered future proof. Solutions like using should be possible with minimum (financial) Zhaga compliant components seem to be the effort. But future proofness may concern different simple answer. Unfortunately, this isn't so! Arno Grabher-Meyer properties of the product or system depending What happens when an LED module in an Arno originally studied biology on the stakeholder. Users, installers and owners environment has to be replaced after 10,000 at the University of Innsbruck. may all have different views. The requirements hours because it fails? The replacement He was involved in several are also different for different applications. So, might be more efficient, or not exactly hit let's walk through some of the different aspects. the color point of the original LEDs, etc. scientific documentation But if we assume we are lucky enough to find projects for the Alpenzoo Today's discussion about future-proofness, an identical module or another acceptable (Alpine Zoo) and a documentary in fact, targets only a small fraction of all indoor solution with almost identical dimming film for the BBC with installations because they often don't take curves, is the problem solved? No. In the advantage of LEDs controllability. This segment beginning it works well, but what happens Sir David Attenborough. is very important for the industry as it is the after a year or two? The degradation of the He worked as a freelance high-priced part of their business that, if new module is certainly going to be different photographer for the triggered correctly, promises growth and has from the further degradation of the older Inatura (Museum for Nature, the potential to free the industry from the current module(s). Is this truly future-proof? dilemma of not being as profitable as required. Humans and Technology) But how about users, installers and owners? But it could be even worse. At LpS 2018, in Dornbirn. DI Markus Heckmann from Osram showed in In many applications, the clients either don't his lecture "Influence of Converter Topology on He earned his engineering recognize a (monetary) advantage or value. the System Interactions" that the characteristics degree through continued Additionally, while the industry frantically tries of LEDs from generation to generation my education and in 2005 went to convince the consumer of their smart change in a way that some driver topologies to work for Luger Research. concepts, there is still a lot of skepticism - that worked perfectly with the original LEDs justified or not. While people unquestioningly may not be able to drive the updates Here Arno worked on several use Facebook and other social media as correctly. This isn't future-proof, is it? LED lighting research projects well as the Google and Siri systems that in conjunction with the can compromise privacy and data safety, Finally, another often ignored aspect: LEDs Austrian Competence questions arise when it comes to smart are considered non-toxic, but LEDs, in fact, lighting & IoT. Is it necessary to provide all my contain precious materials that are crucial Center Light. data to a cloud system? Isn't it sufficient to for many products. Unfortunately, LEDs and His job as Chief Editor started process just my local data in-house? Who LED products are, in many cases, landfilled. else can access to my data and how will it be Especially as these materials are becoming in 2006 when Luger Research used? Is my data safe? Is my system safe or scarce, this isn't sustainable and rarely initiated LED professional. can it be hacked? Can my sensors be used environmentally friendly, and hence also Part of this multi-faceted for surveillance in the style of "Big Brother"? cannot be described as future-proof. job is being responsible for How is future-proofness to be seen in this light? A coordinated recycling program for LEDs as proposed in LightingEurope's Circular the editorial content of the In outdoor applications, especially public Economy Program is therefore urgently magazine and online news. (street) lighting, the situation seems to be needed. I believe we should consider all different. Remote monitoring of the lighting aspects and think about future-proofness in equipment is not really new. The "customer" a bigger context! is already used to it. For them, some new A.G-M.

NEWS COMPONENTS 10

Lumileds Unveils Luxeon New Mid-Power Cree Announces Best- Flash 9X with Spectral UV-LED With Quartz in-Class Horticulture Pure Technology Window from Vishay Efficiency with New Red Lumileds reasserted its market leading Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. introduced XLamp LEDs position in camera flash LEDs while at Mobile a ceramic mid power ultraviolet (UVC) World Congress by introducing the Luxeon emitting diode for sterilization, sanitation, Cree, Inc. announces the next-generation Flash 9X with Spectral Pure Technology LED and purification applications. Featuring a XLamp® XP-E2 Photo Red (660 nm) and Far that produces photos with the finest color quartz window, the Vishay Semiconductors Red (730 nm) LEDs, delivering breakthrough quality. Noted for its small form factor VLMU35CM00-280-120 delivers an performance for horticulture applications. (1.4x1.4 mm chip scale package), this robust extremely long lifetime in a compact The new Red XP-E2 LEDs provide a drop-in LED is ideally suited to produce photos with 3.5x3.5x1.2 mm surface-mount package. upgrade for the previous generation that vivid colors including the most realistic skin outperforms competing LEDs by up to 68%. tones captured on any smart phone. These higher-performance horticulture LEDs "The improved picture quality with Spectral increase the efficiency of LED luminaires and Pure Technology is stunning when compared shorten their payback periods, making it side-by-side with photos captured at 80 CRI, more affordable to grow food under the former industry standard. Pictures taken optimized lighting. with LEDs supported by Spectral Pure Technology have richer colors and facial tones appear more attractive than before," said Thierry De Smet, Director of Product Vishay's new UV LED ceramic device features Marketing at Lumileds. a radiant power up to 18 mW and has a quartz window to deliver an extremely long lifetime

Features: • Ceramic SMT package with quartz window • Dimension (LxWxH) in mm: 3.5x3.5x1.2 • Forward current: up to 150 mA XP-E2 Photo Red and Far Red LEDs deliver up • Radiant power (typ.): 12 mW at 100 mA to 68 percent higher performance than • Leads / terminations finish: gold plated (Au) competition in tomato farms • Reflow soldering method • MSL 3 according to J-STD-020 "Lettuce and tomato farmers in the UK, Lumileds' Spectral Pure Technology produces • Material categorization: for definitions of the Netherlands and Belgium are choosing photos with exceptional color quality - compliance please see www.vishay.com/ our Hyperion™ grow lights, powered by especially realistic skin tones doc?99912 Cree's horticulture LEDs, as the primary light source for their large indoor, state-of-the-art Key to this exceptional color quality is the Applications: growing facilities," said Jonathan Barton, spectral optimization of the camera flash, • Sterilization Director of Grow Lighting at Plessey which matches the camera response curve • Medical application Semiconductors. "Our customers like that and is characterized by its Camera Color • Sensing of gases, germs, DNA, ... the Hyperion™ lights replace 1000 W sodium Index (CCI), a more effective metric Lumileds lights one-for-one with up to 40 percent is introducing to replace Color Rendering Designed to replace mercury UVC lamps, energy savings that are enabled by Cree® Index, CRI, for camera applications. the device released today offers an emission LEDs. We are pleased that Cree is delivering "CRI really only applies when viewing objects angle of ± 60° and radiant power to 18 mW this efficiency upgrade in a form that's easily directly with the human eye, but a camera at 100 mA without the need for an external integrated, so that we can quickly improve captures colors differently, and the flash lens. Built on AlGaN technology, the our product's performance." should be designed to counter this VLMU35CM00-280-120 features forward difference," said De Smet. current up to 150 mA, forward voltage down The new XP-E2 LEDs are a drop-in upgrade to 4 V, and a wavelength range of 270-290 nm. for existing XP-based horticulture designs The Luxeon Flash 9X with Spectral Pure with the same mechanical and optical Technology is a high power LED that features The emitter diode's specifications make it characteristics as the previous generations. industry leading flux of 240 lm at 1 A drive ideal for water and air purification, physical With up to 57 percent improvement in Far current and 25°C, and is hot flux stable at surface sterilization, medical disinfection, and Red and up to 21 percent improvement in higher currents. The flash is produced at portable sanitizers. RoHS-compliant, Photo Red, this new generation of XP-E2 4500 K color temperature with excellent halogen-free, and Vishay Green, the LEDs delivers industry-leading output levels color stability of ±250 K. Lumileds provides VLMU35CM00-280-120 is compatible with and efficiency within their performance class. the highest reliability devices with the reflow soldering processes and features a industry's first 1:1 LED traceability. Moisture Sensitivity Level of 3 in accordance "LEDs for specialty applications, including with J-STD-020. architectural lighting and horticulture, are a

core part of our product strategy," said environments, and increased contentment, Claude Demby, Cree LEDs Senior Vice productivity and well-being. The growing President and General Manager. "Cree is trend towards IoT and smart lighting sets the first to enable full spectrum luminaires that stage for increased interactivity with lighting. employ Photo Red and Far Red LEDs to Bridgelux has the industry's largest portfolio deliver 50% energy savings over sodium- of tunable white products, enabling lighting based lighting systems. This upgrade to installations that can be optimized to meet our horticulture LEDs demonstrates our the needs of specific environments, commitment to delivering industry-leading applications and inhabitants, a human high-power LED performance." centric lighting solution.

These new products complement the recently announced Vesta Series Edge, Bridgelux Triples Vesta® a 570 mm linear solution that delivers a Series Family of Tunable uniform and vibrant edge-lit panel lighting White Products experience with a CCT range of 2700 - 5000 K. Vesta Edge will improve office Bridgelux has announced a dramatic and commercial lighting where low-glare, expansion of the Vesta® Series family of dynamic white illumination is specified. tunable white and dim-to-warm products to help customers meet the increasing "Retail, office, education and healthcare demands for environment-specific, markets are increasing their demand for personalized lighting. lighting that can be tuned to the needs of their customers, employees, students and patients while adhering to various protocols and standards," said Aaron Merrill, Vice President of Marketing at Bridgelux. "We've expanded our portfolio to meet these evolving demands and we're growing our ability to support the evolution toward human centric lighting, the right light in the right place and at the right time."

Bridgelux's Vesta® Series family of tunable Vesta Edge and the new Vesta Tunable White white and dim-to-warm has been extended arrays in 9, 13 and 18 mm form factors are with new CCT options and new LES sizes available for ordering since March, while the other form factors will be available for Last year, Bridgelux announced the new ordering shortly thereafter. phosphor dispensed architecture for Vesta Nichia expands its award winning Optisolis™ Tunable White chip-on-board (COB) LED natural light source technology with a array products delivering increased efficacy portfolio of COB packages raising the and lumens per dollar. Nichia Expands Its standard for color quality Optisolis™ Technology Bridgelux is bolstering its Vesta Tunable Into a CoB Series Nichia has launched the Optisolis™ technology White phosphor dispensed parts with: in a CoB series that features high luminous • New proprietary packaging technology Nichia Corporation is proud to expand its flux and a narrow emission area. The CoB that significantly improves near field color award winning Optisolis™ natural light footprint is ideal for products that require high uniformity and enhances beam quality source technology with a portfolio of COB light density, including spot lights, down lights, when used with secondary optics packages. To further improve the overall track lights and more. The Optisolis™ CoB • Expanded product portfolio to include 15, quality of light as "AKARI", Nichia has further raises the standard for color quality. 18, 22 and 29 mm LES sizes that deliver developed Optisolis™. As Nichia continues to up to 10,000 lumens, enabling the lead the industry with innovative products, Manufacturers can utilize Optisolis™ and adoption of color tuning into more Optisolis™ provides a natural light source trust in a spectrum where all colors are applications with a spectrum that achieves the industry's reproduced to that seen under a standard • New color range options across all LES closest match to that of the standard light. Most importantly, since UV emission is sizes, tunable between 2700 Kelvin (K) and illuminant, including both the sun and essentially non-existent in the spectrum, the 5000 K or between 2700 K and 6500 K incandescent. Optisolis™ is optimized for the degradation of irradiated materials can be general lighting market and is accomplished reduced dramatically compared to that of Light is at the heart of life. Dynamic, flexible, through Nichia's own blue chip and other light sources containing UV emission, high quality of light enables personalized phosphor technology. including other market available LEDs.

Order your sample now: www.mal-effekt.de/sample

m.a.l. Effekt Technik GmbH | Wiesenweg 6 | 36179 Bebra Phone +49 (0) 6622 9133-0 | Mail [email protected]

MAL_Anzeige_A4_Vielfalt_LED_Uncoated_RZ.indd 1 27.02.19 10:07 NEWS COMPONENTS 13

Optisolis™ target applications include The basis in each case is a blue LED chip years, there have arisen demands for Museums, Art Galleries and Hospitals, where that emits the desired light color through a smaller measuring devices, such as foodstuff a natural light source is preferred to most special phosphor layer. Since the chips used sensors that are portable. accurately represent an object, but UV have the same electrical properties, the radiation and light sources can be detrimental. colored E17 LEDs are suitable for In addition, the light from the light source, Additional applications could include color applications with a wide color spectrum. which extends from the visible region evaluation (e.g. painting, printing), "The technology is particularly advantageous to the near-infrared region where the commercial lighting (e.g. retail, etc.) or in terms of color stability, because both wavelength is about 1000 nm, anywhere a natural light source is desired. ageing and temperature dependence of the roughly matches the spectral sensitivity individual colors are much more consistent of the silicon photo detector that than that of RGBW modules with different typically employs a CMOS device. semiconductors," Hoffmann continues. It is therefore hoped that by combining Lumitronix Expands the light source with a photo detector, SmartArray Series In addition, the SmartArray Q4 RGBW has it can also be used as a sorting with High Efficiency been tested with optics from the Gabriella unit that sorts materials, colors, and other series of the Finnish manufacturer Ledil, properties of PET bottles, for example. RGBW Version which can be fully recommended for use. With its new SmartArray Q4 RGBW module, Applications of the four-color LED module However, in the case of existing light Baden-Württemberg LED specialist from Lumitronix include ambient lighting, sources, miniaturization and maintainability Lumitronix presents an extension to its architectural lighting and lighting for film are issues for the following reasons: successful SmartArray family. The square and television. LED module, which is ideally suited as a In the case of conventional near-infrared replacement for COB modules due to its LEDs, monochromatic light can be received compact dimensions of only 13.5x13x1.08 mm, from one device, and in order to measure is equipped with a red, a green, a blue and a High-output Broadband different materials using a single device, it is neutral white LED of the E17A series from Nichia. LEDs Capable of necessary to install multiple devices, which Emitting Visible Light to makes miniaturization difficult to realize.

Near-infrared Light LEDs covering a wide range of wavelengths, Ushio Opto Semiconductors has recently including near-infrared, which are being used developed a broadband LED that produces in recent years, produce a weak output. the world's maximum output of 160 mW over Consequently, adequate light output cannot a wide bandwidth between 400 and 1000 nm, be obtained, making measurement difficult which covers the range from visible light to to perform. near-infrared light. From the 1st of December, Ushio Opto Semiconductors, Inc. started Halogen lamps that produce high output and Lumitronix's new SmartArray Q4 RGBW is a shipping samples from its new "Spectro emit light over a wide range of wavelengths compact solution for high quality CCT & color Series" lineup as part of the "epitex series" are a large light source, which also cause tunable lighting applications LED brand. various other parts in the vicinity of the lamp to be heated by the light. For this reason, it is Features of the SmartArray RGBW module: necessary to install a heat-dissipating jig, • High-quality LEDs from the Nichia E17 series which makes miniaturization difficult to • Colored LEDs with innovative achieve. Also, compared to an LED, phosphorus conversion halogen lamps have a short life, and must • Replacement for COB modules be replaced frequently. • Compact and flat design • Easy installation In contrast to the above, Ushio Opto • Homogenous light due to Nichia-Binning Semiconductors, Inc.'s strength lies in the (3 Step MacAdam) development and manufacture of LEDs, • For ambient lighting, architectural lighting Spectral data (top) and Spectro Series particularly in the infrared area where much or lighting for films & television product images (from left to right) SMBB flat work has been carried out by our • Made in Germany type, SMBB lens type, TO-66 type, SMG type predecessor organization. By making • 3-year warranty optimum utilization of our technology and Because the absorption characteristics of know-how, we have been able to realize an "The special aspect of the colored LEDs is near-infrared light differ from one substance LED that has an output of 160 mW, the phosphorus conversion that Nichia has to another, they are widely used in the fields the highest in the world. This type of LED opted for in its manufacturing process," of foodstuffs, medicine, and so on, as a uses a fluorescent material that features a Christian Hoffmann, CEO of the Hechingen- method of determining the kind and amount continuous spectrum extending from visible based LED company, reports. of a substance, such as sugar content or light to near-infrared light. blood oxygen saturation level. In recent

It is hoped that this work will bring about the Forge has also recently developed a <10° communication into our LED modules which development of a device that enables an optic to suit the module perfectly, fulfilling our customers can deploy quickly and easily. individual to measure the sugar content or that demand for a tight crisp beam pattern to When we started developing the DALI fat content of foodstuffs, for example, complement the medium and wide offering. platform, we were also given the task of and also increase the efficiency of sorting With Forge's optic design and manufacturing developing a better and energy-efficient units that can sort the raw materials, capability, you can also create your own lighting solution for a customer and this colors and foreign matter in agricultural bespoke beam pattern and achieve specific is the result" produce and plastic products. light distribution. All of this is before you even consider your light CCT and CRI The requirements were tough. The design "Spectro Series" products will be available in requirements - you really can put light where and the new technology should not be hard multiple forms, from various packages to you want it! to implement and simply be functional and "Chip on Board," at the request (output, invisible. But both our customer and we light distribution, and size of the light source) wanted a quality light engine with superior of the customer. performance with an advanced Optoga Introduces Fully communication capability beyond what is Integrated DALI 230 usual. The light source should also have the Forge Introduces VAC LED Module highest color render and light quality. Reliable, Adaptable LED A new revolutionary LED module has seen LED light with many features: Modules Including a the light at Optoga! Instead of large and The light should also be more functional, bulky drivers, luminaire manufacturers can extremely energy-efficient and should not be Narrow Angle Optics now really make their products extra more expensive than earlier conventional In recognition of the demand for high- premium for their customers. With a LED drivers. The fact that we made it so performance reliable LED modules, that do new DALI LED technology innovation, small that it could be integrated directly into exactly what luminaire manufacturers want, the Swedish company Optoga AB has the LED module was initially very challenging Forge has introduced a custom module to do created a remarkable new technology with because we internally assumed that the exactly that. Forge has never been a one size unique benefits: a lighting module with a costs would exceed the budget, and that fits all manufacturer, and with the release of standardized communication protocol, the quality of the light would be worse. this latest customizable module offering, the without limits. "There are still many that believe that added value they bring to product 230VAC LED products are not safe, not to development and manufacturing is evident. mention with DALI communication added. The development progressed quickly and our LED modules are able to provide high quality color rendering, color temperature and a comfortable ambience." Overall, the new lighting device is significantly more cost effective than previous solutions.

Up to 80% lower energy consumption: Instead of using large and bulky external The LED light source includes electronics drivers, Optoga's Clara AC DALI 230 VAC that improve quality and functionality while combines 230 V AC-LED technology with a Forge's latest LED modules follow the further reducing energy consumption. DALI interface company's philosophy to provide This required energy-efficient solutions. customizable solutions to luminaire "The existing analogue technology used in manufacturers The Clara AC DALI 230VAC is packed with previous solutions consumes approximately cutting edge technology. Even the smallest the same amount of energy. The difference is Every luminary has different LOR, thermal detail has been refined and improved, that the new one is significantly more and optical properties, and every luminary and the energy consumption is among the controllable as we have complemented the manufacturer wants a USP. Forge has the lowest in the industry. Luminaire manufacturers lighting to achieve additional features and technical expertise to ensure manufacturers can directly integrate DALI without any have improved the user experience''. get only the very best modules in their change in fixture construction or design. fittings. How? With the ability to lengthen and At the same time, it provides an opportunity Communication through DALI should make it shorten heat sinks, choose connectors and to reduce energy consumption by up to 80%! easier for the end users by simplifying the wire lengths, pick heat sink colors, add use of different settings and adding logos, and even incorporate specific fixing Tough lighting requirements: application options. Lighting management and mounting methods. All whilst giving Optoga is specialized in LED technology and should make our customers' luminaires more manufacturers the peace of mind that their supplies light modules and related flexible with easier system integration. module will perform thermally, optically and technologies worldwide. Stefan Larsson, But can it be easier? Yes, when mounting reliably to pre-determined L70 expectations, CEO, says. "For many years, we have our DALI module, there are only 2 screws through in-house testing. developed and integrated intelligent required and a single connector.

Adura LED Solutions nominal 18 V forward voltage, long runs luminaires can receive their individual Introduces a Cuttable are even more achievable at distances brightness value. specified down to the 1.5 inches. 4-ft Linear Module Configuration of LED-Warrior16 is done via Adura LED Solutions, a leading developer Specification: the bidirectional RDM protocol. Standard and manufacturer of LED lighting modules in The Linear modules are available in sample tools may be used to do this. Start slot, Corona, California, is introducing its new or production quantities and can be mode and number of groups or luminaires platform of linear MCPCB and invites LED purchased directly from Adura LED are configurable. lighting fixture companies to experience the Solutions. Designed and manufactured in best performance Low Cost linear modules. Corona, California, the Linear modules are Quick Installation: available in three different lengths. To install the LW16-DR on a DIN rail just gently push it onto the rail until it locks. No tools are required for mounting. Removing LW16-DR from the DIN rail is done by gently Code Mercenaries pulling one of the locking levers using a Releases DMX/RDM screwdriver or similar tool. to DALI Bridge Connecting to the DALI bus is done via the Code Mercenaries is proud to introduce its terminal blocks. There are two positions in LED-Warrior16, a DMX/ RDM to DALI bridge. each of the blocks. The positions in a block The LED-Warrior16-DR converts DMX/RDM are identical and intended for easy daisy lighting control data into DALI commands. chaining. Connect the DALI bus lines one to Adura 12423-A LED modules are available This allows controlling of DALI luminaires each of the blocks. LW16-DR needs a DC as white or color linear modules in different from a DMX/RDM bus. The LED-Warrior16 power of 7 V to max. 26 V at max. 30 mA. lengths, and they are cuttable down to comes in an enclosure for mounting on a DIN The DC power is connected to "V+" and 1.5 inches rail. It requires a 7 V to 26 V DC power "Gnd". Observe the polarity! supply with 30 mA max. Product Features: The DMX/RDM bus is connected to the • Made-in-California at Adura, terminals "Sig+" and "Sig-". Observe the a UL Certified Manufacturing Facility polarity of the signal! The bus termination • Colot tuning, 2 channel, should be enabled if LW16-DR is the last cuttable linear module device on the bus. To do this, insert a jumper • Linear 47.7 inch long LED module between "Sig+" and "Term". Attention: None • Cuttable at various lengths of the signals of LED-Warrior16-DR may be (1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 inches) connected to mains voltage! • High Efficiency Linear Modules • Forward Voltage: 18 V, +/- 1.5 V Simple Configuration: • Typical 2000-2400 lumen/ft. Configuration of LW16-DR is done via the • Excellent thermal management using Metal RDM bus with any standard RDM Core MCPCB for maximum heat configuration tool. The start slot and dissipation personality settings control the behavior of • Tight LED pitch to eliminate pixilation, no Code Mercenaries new LED-Warrior16, a DMX/ LW16-DR. The start slot selects the first complex lens or optics required RDM to DALI bridge enables installations in DMX/RDM data slot that gets converted to which DALI luminaires are to be controlled via • 3 Step MacAdam binning a DMX/RDM bus DALI. The personality allows for the selecting • Wide CCT ranging from 2700-6500 K of the number of slots to be used and which • CRI options of 80+, 90+ addressing mode is to be used. • End to end mounting for long linear Technical Data: application • DMX/RDM to DALI bridge Factory setting is that LW16-DR uses the • Input and Output Poke-in connector • Broadcast, group, or individual addresses first slot and converts it into a broadcast for easy wiring • 1 to 16 groups, 1 to 64 individual command. So in this mode all DALI devices • LM-80 LEDs, Long life-time: addresses are set to the brightness defined by the > 50,000 hours • 7 - 26 V power required, max. 30 mA first slot. • Recognized UL PCB and Components • Enclosure for DIN rail mounting Alternatively 1 to 16 slots can be used to The Adura 12423-A LED white or color LED-Warrior16 converts the brightness control the DALI groups, or 1 to 64 slots to linear module designed with people and data from the DMX/RDM bus into control the individual DALI devices. The first linear lighting applications in mind. commands for the DALI bus. Either individual slot always goes to the group 0 or device The module is constant current, DALI luminaires, groups or all luminaires zero, the next slots go to the next groups/ cuttable at various lengths and offered on the DALI bus can be addressed. devices until the maximum number selected with 80+ and 90+ CRI options. With a 1 to 16 groups, or 1 to 64 individual by the personality setting.

Tridonic's LED Drivers high energy savings thanks to low stand-by The EBV-150SxxxSV series provides output with DALI Power losses (<0.15 W) and high efficiency (>92%). voltages of 12 V, 24 V, 36 V and 48 V and The drivers are available in both heights with supply up to 150W at output currents from Supplies for Flat outputs of 50 and 75 W, in each case with 0-10 A with a full-load efficiency up to 91.5%. Stylish Luminaires adjustable output currents of 100 to 400 mA. The calculated lifetime of these drivers at There are four options for adjusting the output 70°C case temperature is 83,000 hours. With a height of only 11 or 16 mm the new current: wirelessly via NFC using the web- drivers in the premium series (PRE) from based Tridonic companionSUITE software, All three EBV Series provide a higher input Tridonic give luminaire designers enormous via DALI using masterCONFIGURATOR, surge protection with 4 kV line-to-line and 6 kV freedom to create versatile luminaire designs. with the appropriate I-SELECT 2 plug resistor line-to-earth and incorporates many added In addition to the usual wide dimming range or via the ready2mains programmer. protections such as over-current protection, and one4all interface there are versions with over-voltage protection, short circuit an NFC interface. The 16 mm versions also protection and over-temperature protection. have an integrated DALI power supply (po4a). Inventronics - Narrow The EBV-series is approved to CE, CB, Input, CV Drivers Offer ENEC, CCC, BIS and KS standards. Significant Cost Savings They provide SELV output, are suitable for independent use. This series is not suited to Inventronics is pleased to announce the be used in North America due to the narrow expansion of their constant-voltage EBV input voltage range. Production quantities of Series to include 75 W, 100 W and 150 W these drivers are available now. models that operate at a narrow input voltage range from 176-305 Vac. Narrowing the input voltage range has allowed EuControls Zigbee The ultra-low-profile drivers are equipped with Inventronics to reduce manufacturing costs NFC interfaces for simple wireless programming. and offer significant savings to regions that Compatible Outdoor The integrated DALI power supply (po4a) on do not require a universal input voltage range. NEMA Lighting Controller the 16 mm versions allows easy integration of This series of LED drivers are made with a sensors without the need for additional DALI lines compact, extruded-metal housing enabling EuControls is excited to announce the more creative freedom on luminaire design. addition of its latest wireless lighting The reduced low-profile housings have the They are IP67 rated which is ideal in architectural, controller to its growing lighting controls same length and width as before (360x30 decorative and signage lighting projects. product portfolio. The new ECM-20-ZB is a mm) but are now only 11 or 16 mm high 20 A rated 100 277VAC Zigbee compatible instead of 21 mm. They offer virtually lighting controller intended for plug-and-play flicker-free dimming (<5%) of the connected installation on outdoor area lighting fixtures luminaires from 100 to 1 percent and are containing NEMA twist-lock receptacles equipped with smart interfaces such as NFC (ANSI C136.41-2013 standard). Fully Zigbee (Near Field Communication) and integrated compliant on/off and dimming control is po4a DALI power supply. The combination of supported, and the controller's built-in NFC and the companionSUITE software north-facing photo sensor can enable package enables the drivers to be quickly daylight harvesting via gateway control or and wirelessly programmed during the failover to predetermined on/off behavior production process at luminaire Inventronics' latest constant-voltage LED based on luminous set points if connection manufacturers. Complete packaging units of drivers are designed for narrow input for with the gateway is lost. up to 10 items can be wirelessly configured regions that do not require a universal input to in a single pass via an antenna. The po4a significantly reduce costs interface (extended one4all Interface) supplies sensors with power and thus The EBV-075SxxxSV series provides output simplifies implementation of sensor- voltages of 24 V, 36 V and 48 V and supply controlled lighting solutions. Additional DALI up to 75 W at output currents from 0-3.2 A lines for the sensor are no longer necessary. with a full-load efficiency up to 90%. The calculated lifetime of these drivers at Flexible setting options: 70°C case temperature is 97,000 hours. Typical applications for the slim drivers in low-profile housings are linear and area The EBV-100SxxxSV series provides output EuControls' ECM-20-ZB is a 20 A / 100-277 VAC lighting systems in the office environment. voltages of 12 V, 24 V, 36 V and 48 V and rated, fully Zigbee and 100% NEMA compliant They are also suitable for safety lighting in supply up to 100 W at output currents from lighting controller for outdoor applications accordance with EN 50172. Common to all 0-8.4 A with a full-load efficiency up to 92%. the drivers are application-optimized The calculated lifetime of these drivers at The ECM-20-ZB works with Current by GE's operating windows for maximum compatibility, 70°C case temperature is 85,000 hours. Daintree Networks' ControlScope platform

and Autani's EnergyCenter platform, as well as other Zigbee HA 1.2 compatible gateways capable of energy management strategies.

UL listed and designed for long-term reliability, the controller uses a zero- crossing relay for safer operation. The ECM-20-ZB is also IP66 rated rain-tight and can operate in extreme temperatures from 40 to +50 °C, allowing for use in parking lots, pathways, and other outdoor areas.

GlacialPower Launches New GP- TH120N-24V LED CV Driver with TRIAC Dimming

GlacialPower, the power division of the LED technology manufacturer GlacialTech Inc, announces the new GP-TH120N-24V LED constant voltage driver. It is available in 24 V DC output rated power of 120 W. The driver supports TRIAC dimming function, and appropriates for LED strip applications in places such as restaurants, jewelry shop, home and theater.

In order to meet every demand, GlacialPower's new GP-TH120N-24V LED constant voltage driver allows TRIAC dimming for LED strip applications we have 1,500 innovative LED product developments ready Features: for you. • AC input range from 205 to 256 V AC • Constant voltage mode Our passion is creating new • Work with leading edge and trailing edge TRIAC dimmers solutions every day – for your • AC phase-cut dimming • IP67 rated applications, too. • Class I power unit, with FG • Safety protections include OVP, OCP, SCP, and OTP • Appropriate for 24V LED strips application • 3 Years warranty Order your sample now: • RoHS compliant www.mal-effekt.de/sample The dimming adjustment output of the GP-TH120N-24V LED driver ranges from 1% to 100%. Works with leading edge and trailing edge m.a.l. Effekt Technik GmbH | Wiesenweg 6 | 36179 Bebra TRIAC dimmers. The typical power conversion efficiency is 84%. Phone +49 (0) 6622 9133-0 | [email protected] It supports an AC input voltage range from 205 to 256 VAC.

The fully isolated case design enables an operation temperature range of -20°C to 50°C, which means that the LED driver can be used in most environments. Additionally, with IP67 approval as well as four different protections: Over-Voltage Protection (OVP), Over-Current Protection (OCP), Short-Circuit Protection (SCP) and Over-Temperature Protection (OTP), these drivers are highly secure.

Inventronics Expands The EUK-320SxxxDT is suitable for use in batteries therefore achieve their optimum Cost-Effective, North America and offers TYPE HL, for use operating life and at the same time the in a Class I, Division 2 Hazardous Location. maintenance requirements are reduced. Programmable The EUK-320SxxxDV is suitable for use in LED Driver Family Europe and other regions for built-in For LED modules from 10 to 250 V: independent use. There are versions available for LED modules Inventronics has expanded their EUK family with voltages of up to 50 V (SELV), up to 90 V of programmable, constant-power and IP67 The EUK-320 series is highly reliable with a and up to 250 V, which means that the LED drivers to include models at power superior level of built-in surge protection (6 emergency lighting units can be used with a levels of 320 W. These new models are in kV DM, 10 kV CM). Additional protection high degree of flexibility over a wide range of addition to already extensive power level features include: over-voltage, over- voltages. They can be combined with all range that includes 75 W, 96 W, 150 W, temperature, and short-circuit protection. dimmable and non-dimmable constant- 200 W and 240 W models. The EUK family is The lifetime of these drivers is calculated to current LED drivers. The rated operating time well suited for applications that do not be at least 86,000 hours when operating at is one or three hours and can be set via require enhanced features such as always- 80% load. Duration Link. The output power remains on auxiliary power, controls-ready features constant. or multiple timer dimming capabilities. This new family is approved to UL, FCC, CE, By optimizing the features including isolated ENEC, TUV, CB, CCC, PSE, KC, BIS and The units operate in standby mode and are 0-10 V and 10 V PWM dimming, there is now RCM certifications. Production quantities of designed for manual testing. An optional test a more cost-effective product that still the EUK-320SxxxDT and the EUK- button is available for checking the function offers design flexibility, high efficiency and 320SxxxDV are available now. of the unit. The expected life is four years for a reliable performance. NiMH batteries and four to eight years for LiFePO4 batteries. The manufacturer provides a guarantee of one to three years. Upgrade for Emergency The life of the lighting unit is 50,000 hours. Lighting Components The manufacturer provides a 5-year Provides Smart guarantee for the emergency lighting unit. Battery Management Tridonic has further developed its emergency lighting units. The new generation EM Tridonic's New LED converterLED BASIC MH/LiFePO₄ in the Drivers Have basicDIM Inventronics offers two EUK driver versions: low-profile housing now supports not only Wireless Module The EUK-320SxxxDT and the EUK-320SxxxDV. NiMH but also LiFePO4 batteries and The main difference between them is that the operates with intelligent battery Directly Integrated EUK-320xxxDT is UL dry, damp, wet location management. Tridonic has now equipped its new LED approved drivers in the premium (PRE) series with the basicDIM Wireless module. Quick, Main Features: convenient, space-saving wireless lighting • Programmable, enabling hundreds control is now possible. of configurations • Constant power at a wide output The new LED drivers in the premium (PRE) current range series with an integrated basicDIM Wireless • Dimming controls: Isolated, 0-10 V, 10 V PWM module use Bluetooth technology to achieve • Input surge protection: 6 kV DM, 10 kV CM wireless communication with up to 127 • SELV output devices in a network. • UL dry, damp, wet location Tridonic's EM converterLED BASIC MH/ (DT Version only) LiFePO4 can be equipped with either NiMH or There is no longer the need for a separate • TYPE HL, for use in a Class I, LiFePO4 batteries. The charge algorithm wireless module to control luminaires Division 2 hazardous location automatically adapts to the battery type wirelessly. All that is required for each The new generation of the EM converterLED luminaire is a driver in which the basicDIM The EUK-320SxxxDT and EUK-320SxxxDV BASIC MH/LiFePO₄ emergency lighting units Wireless module is already integrated. operate from 90-305 Vac input and the in the low profile housing has been designed Luminaires equipped in this way can be rugged, extruded-metal housing is IP67 rated for luminaires with single battery systems. In controlled, assigned to luminaire groups and which is ideal for harsh indoor and outdoor addition to nickel metal hydride batteries faded up and down between 1 and 100%, conditions such as high bay, high mast and (NiMH), the units can now also be operated all via Bluetooth. It is also possible to set up sports/arena lighting. Each series offers five, with lithium iron phosphate batteries lighting scenes or, with suitable drivers, constant-power, programmable models (LiFePO₄). Smart battery management create tunable white applications. delivering 320 W at output currents from ensures that the right charging algorithm is The output currents can be easily set via 1050 mA to 6700 mA including SELV output. used for the particular battery type. The the I-SELECT 2 plug.

silicone for professional LED lighting that Improve Quality Control cures at room temperature. This advanced with Tagarno's Apps for silicone technology provides superb optical performance without compromise and offers Your Digital Microscope unique rheological properties for use with Finding the right equipment for quality light fixtures in a variety of shapes and forms. control can be time consuming. That's why it Designed for explosion proof and high ingress is important to find long lasting and agile protection rated luminaries, DOWSIL™ EI-2888 equipment. One solution is a digital microscope Primerless Silicone Encapsulant is also with quality control improving apps that allows Tridonic's three different versions of cost-effective to buy and use. the operator to alter the system to meet future the drivers with an integrated basicDIM requirements without investing in new equipment. wireless module, cover a broad spectrum of applications in a wide range of luminaire types

Three versions of this Casambi Ready driver are available, covering a wide range of luminaire types: • The SC PRE (CC) basicDIM Wireless constant current driver comes in four models ranging from 10 W to 45 W (150 mA 1,400 mA). They are suitable for luminaire DOWSIL™ EI-2888 combines primerless installation or for installation as separate adhesion with inhibition resistance, optical With Tagarno's apps for your digital drivers with optional strain relief, for clarity, low viscosity, and UL 94 compliance in microscope, you don't have to purchase example, together with the SLE, CLE or DLE a 100% silicone (PDMS) formulation, solving new quality control equipment if your processing and cost challenges LED modules. Depending of the model, the processes and requirements change output power is 10 W, 17 W, 25 W or 45 W • Also available in four models, from 35 W to "LED luminaries in harsh environments need Among the apps developed by Tagarno are: 150 W is the basicDIM Wireless 24 V protective materials that are reliable, easy to • Image Comparison that allows the constant voltage LED driver PRE (CV) in apply, and that provide robustness of cure," operator to compare a reference image of miniature form with strain relief. They are said Konstantin Sobolev. "DOWSIL™ EI-2888 a golden sample with a recent sample compatible, for example, with the LLE FLEX Primerless Silicone Encapsulant eliminates a from the production line modules. Depending on the model, the time-consuming processing step and • Focus Stacking that stacks images taken output power is 35 W, 60 W, 100 W or 150 W reduces waste that can occur if curing is at different focus heights to create one • The Tunable White PRE (TW) LC 38W compromised by surface contaminants or ultra-sharp image with no blurred or out of 2 CH DT8 basicDIM Wireless driver is a moisture. This low-viscosity silicone also focus areas separate two-channel constant current dispenses readily and adheres reliably • Tagarno Measurement application that driver with an output power of 38 W without sacrificing optical properties. enables the operator to perform on-screen DOWSIL™ EI-2888 Primerless Silicone measurements and add annotations and The new PRE drivers will be of particular Encapsulant is an excellent choice for many text to the image directly on the microscope benefit to operators of offices, healthcare professional applications, including explosion • Watermark that allows the user to brand practices and shops looking for a quick and proof lighting, outdoor displays, and flexible an image with a logo or confidential text. It convenient way to modernize their lighting and rigid LED strips." is also possible to add date, time, field of without any new cabling. They will then have view plus microscope name and serial a powerful, low-cost light management A two-part protective material with a 1:1 mix number as an imprint on the image system that can be easily controlled via ratio, DOWSIL™ EI-2888 Primerless Silicone • Verification Lines that enables the operator Bluetooth. For ultimate ease of use there is Encapsulant cures at room temperature with to quality check an object by placing the free App 4remote BT app and optional optional heat acceleration. This UL 94 compliant, accurately calibrated vertical and/or user interface. 100% polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone horizontal lines as a layer on top of it provides even curing and is insensitive to inhibition, a typical issue for platinum catalysts; With a digital microscope from Tagarno, and material reversion, a traditional problem the user can purchase apps specifically Dow Announces New, in enclosed spaces at high temperatures. developed to improve quality control Cost-Efficient DOWSIL™ DOWSIL™ EI-2888 Primerless Silicone processes for their microscope. This gives EI-2888 Primerless Encapsulant can be applied with automated the operator access to the latest technology static or dynamic metered mixing, manual without having to invest in new microscopes Silicone Encapsulant mixing, or with flow, pour or needle dispensing all the time. Dow, a global leader in silicones, silicon- equipment. This novel self-priming encapsulant based technology and innovation, has adheres to a variety of substrates and With a digital microscope, you can easily unveiled DOWSIL™ EI-2888 Primerless supports the design of innovative LED capture and share images of your work - Silicone Encapsulant, an optically-clear luminaires in IP-rated enclosures. both with and without graphics on.

The shared documentation material allows Dietrich F. Brennenstuhl characterizes the A special feature of the system is its highly for improved collaboration with all supply chain high-quality lighting effect thus: "The light uniform light distribution. The calibrated partners and more efficient quality control. emitted is of extraordinary brilliance. The system furthermore supplies a precise intensity and power with which it strikes irradiance map, calculated by the software surfaces and objects come as something of with no quantum flux measurements a surprise while at the same time one is also required. Use of Phytofy RL allows for Brilliance & Intensity - impressed by its warmth and coziness." evaluation of the most varied light recipes, Nimbus Modul Q also without having to change luminaires between with Bartenbach individual tests. Diverse combinations of wavelengths also can be programmed, in Reflector Technology Osram Provides Special different light profiles and across the entire Nimbus is now presenting Q ONE, Q FOUR Grow Light System for photoperiod. In addition, users get five light and Q FOUR TT the new generation of the Horticulture Research recipes following registration, which have Modul Q family of ceiling luminaires featuring been specially developed by Osram. a wallwasher. The focused light enables the Osram has developed a research luminaire to realization of defined lighting zones and the meet the growing demands of researchers at The system software was developed by accentuation of surfaces and spaces. universities, private institutes in greenhouses Osram together with plant biologists and can and vertical farms. Researchers and modern be used intuitively via the graphical user agriculturists can use the LED-based plant interface. Manufacturers of climate chambers luminaire system Phytofy RL in the lab or in benefit too, with integration possible in their climatic chambers in order to develop new systems. The flat and robust design plant-specific light and growth recipes. (667x299x44 mm, just under 9 kilos) is These recipes can lead to desired outcomes optimized for vertical farms, rack systems in plant quality, yield and flavor. and growth chambers.

Phytofy RL is already being used by NASA and Michigan State University. Osram is Nimbus Q ONE, a glare-free wall spot with using it to carry out research of growth, Bartenbach reflector technology, is perfect for anthocyanins and taste, conducted in a highlighting large-format paintings (Photo climate chamber at the TU Munich. credits: DesignRaum)

The Modul Q family is used in living spaces including the kitchen in galleries, medical WAC Lighting Aether 2" - Use of Phytofy RL allows the researchers to practices and in restaurants. The compact evaluate the most varied light recipes, without Extreme Shallow LED modules are made of aluminum and are having to change luminaires between Recessed DownLight available in matt black or matt white. They individual tests (Picture credits: Osram) have built-in lenses with either one or four WAC Lighting unveils the Aether 2" Extreme high-performance LEDs. Various light wavelengths and intensities Shallow Recessed Down Light, a "Next-Level allow selective intervention in the metabolic down light" which features a low profile LED The new generation of Nimbus Modul Q processes of agricultural crops and ornamental housing that is designed to fit in very tight luminaires provides warm, directed light with crops. Yield, coloration and taste as well as plenum spaces without compromising lumen excellent light quality. Available in either black other features can be influenced in this way. output or glare control. Aether provides or white, the compact, minimalistically The latest research shows that not only is general accent and wall wash illumination in designed body of the luminaire retreats this process impacted by photosynthetically a wide range of indoor and covered outdoor completely into the background. active radiation (PAR) in the range of 400 to space applications in residential, commercial, 700 nanometers (nm) - but that shorter and hospitality and architectural environments. In contrast to the proven Nimbus Q modules longer wavelengths also influence plant so popular with designers which are still development. used for general lighting Modul Q One, Q Four and Q Four TT provide pinpoint With Phytofy RL, six spectral channels from a accentuating light with a precise beam angle natural far-red end-of- day light to UV light of 40° or 80°. "The new products complete can be addressed individually and the our kit for lighting designers," says Dietrich F. photosynthetic photo flux density (PPFD) Brennenstuhl, the Nimbus CEO. As light planned and controlled precisely in real time: sources, they retreat completely into the 385 nm, 450 nm, 521 nm, 660 nm, 730 nm background and blend in with the wall or as well as a warm white channel with 2,700 ceiling. Their true lighting effect comes to the Kelvin. At the same time, the large number of fore on the surface to be illuminated tables, LEDs in the fixture allows a higher WAC Lighting's Aether is CEC Title 24 work surfaces, counters and objects. photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). compliant and wet location listed

CREE® XLAMP® LEDs

® M CREE HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDs

® ™ MY CREE J SERIES LEDs

CMY

BARRIER-BREAKING, GAME-CHANGING, INDUSTRY- LEADING—WE MAY RUN OUT OF ADJECTIVES, BUT WE’LL NEVER RUN OUT OF INNOVATION

SEE THE COMPLETE PORTFOLIO AT: CREE.COM/LED COMPONENTS NEWS APPLICATIONS 22

Delivering versatile and contemporary light at 480 nanometers creates a more lighting for virtually any space, the compact calming environment. The 480 series 2" luminaire accommodates ceilings with just luminaires, with their engineered spectrum, one-half to one-inch thickness. This optimize circadian impact. The two-channel recessed down light is ideal for the clean light source includes the alertness and minimalist expression that is preferred in focus-enhancing GoodDay® spectrum and newly constructed modern buildings today. the blue-depleted GoodNight® spectrum With features such as vertical and horizontal that enhances sleep. Source spectrum and adjustment, choose from round or square, intensity are controlled via 0-10V inputs, Hyperion Inter Light is designed to perfectly trim or trimless, and an array of finishes. thus enabling easy integration with buildings' supplement the existing HPS&SON-T top control systems. lighting products The IC rated, airtight universal housing accepts three types of trim: a down light for Plessey's Hyperion Inter Light is the perfect general illumination with superior glare partner to the Hyperion top light range or to control; an adjustable accent light with 0-25° supplement existing HPS/SON-T top lighting. index-based precision aiming; and a wall The Inter Light fixture has been specifically washer that illuminates with an innovative designed to provide intra-canopy light from patterned lens. state-of-the-art LEDs for high wire cultivation of greenhouse vegetables and is installed The luminaire uses just 15 watts while within the crop to supplement existing delivering up to 1405 lumens. It offers a CCT top lighting. ranging from 2700 K to 4000 K with 17° spot Healthe's new series of circadian fixtures is a to 50° wide optics. wellbeing solution for the built environment The Inter Light is suitable for use in hybrid systems with HPS and LEDs, promoting The extreme shallow recessed down light plant growth and fruit ripening speed. With a minimizes a loss of ceiling height when using "The 480 line is about simplifying circadian choice of light outputs and efficacy to suit furring strips. Its gated access door is lighting and making it more accessible for different growing environments, the Inter designed for installation below the ceiling architects and specifiers," says Meggan Light also provides wide beam angle for line. Trim or Trimless styles are available. Kessler, VP Product Management and optimum light penetration. Marketing of Healthe. "With the 480 Line, The 120-277 V Universal Voltage driver dims Healthe enhances its position as a leader in With up to 300 µmol/s light output and down beautifully to just five percent, with the wellness space, using light as a platform 3 µmol/joule efficiency, greenhouse growers ELV, TRIAC or 0-10 V dimming capabilities. to deliver beneficial solutions for the built can boost production by applying the right The LEDs have a 50,000-hour rated life. environment. The era of installing LED light at the right spot with the durable solutions to only achieve energy savings has aluminum lightweight IP66 unit profile. passed. The 480 line brings the comfort and health of occupants back as the top priority." The Inter Light system comes with Healthe Launches competitive pricing as well as an industry Line of Architectural The 480 family of products come in varying leading 5-year warranty. Installation is Luminaires profiles, lengths, and mounting configurations simple and cost-effective with plug and play including suspended, wall mount, surface connections, daisy chaining up to 20 fixtures Healthe® by Lighting Science is pleased to and recessed. This substantial offering of together and simple mounting on wires that announce the launch of its circadian products ensures that designers will have can be raised and lowered. optimized line of architectural luminaires. all the relevant form factors required to The product line, named 480®, leverages include an element of circadian supporting, The Inter Light hangs within the canopy of Healthe's patented technology to deliver the biological light in any of today's built high wire crops, providing increased light at right spectrum at the right time, enhancing environments. optimized spectra and also acts as an extra wellbeing and productivity in commercial, heating pipe to deliver higher yields from managed care, hospitality and many other less energy. applications. Available in a variety of linear profiles, mounting options, and lengths, the Plessey's New Hyperion 480 line can be specified in nearly any type Inter Light Complements Formalighting, Casambi of configuration. Existing Top Lighting and LensVector Take LED The 480-product line takes its name from Plessey announces the launch of its new Lighting to the Next Level the wavelength of light that corresponds Hyperion Inter Light. The latest launch from to the body's peak circadian sensitivity. Plessey's Hyperion Grow Light brand comes Formalighting, a leader in motorized Blue-enriched light at 480 nanometers after the growing success of its Hyperion architectural lighting products, has provides an alertness-boosting impact akin top light range which saw over 10Ha of introduced luminaires that make aiming, to that of natural sunlight while blue-depleted grow light installations in 2018. directing, and shaping light easier and faster

to configure and adjust. Working together control platform Casambi provides as well as with LensVector, a specialist in Dynamic the fast-growing range of "Casambi ready" Beam Shaping™ technology and Casambi, control devices (including sensors and the market-leading developer of wireless switches) from an ever-growing list of leading lighting control systems based on Bluetooth manufacturers. Low Energy (BLE), Formalighting's new luminaires prove the longstanding Brent York, President and CEO of expectation, that solid-state lighting LensVector, commented: "The marriage of capabilities will exceed those of the previous great design and technology allows generation of light sources. MOTOLUX users to precisely control the Glacial's latest development, the GL-BL150-SL beam of light in a simple and convenient searchlight, comes with a narrow 23 degree manner via Bluetooth app on their beam angle smartphone. We're excited to see how the LensVector technology is being applied to Features: add value to LED luminaires." • Power consumption 147 W • •Up to 101,100 Lux at 1 m distance Casambi's CEO Timo Pakkala commented: • IP66 rated for outdoor use "Casambi's market-leading position in • With a narrow 23° beam angle wireless lighting control is demonstrated by • Default shipment with the safety wire, the this innovative lighting collaboration with bracket and screws are all stainless-steel Casambi and LensVector technology in Formalighting and LensVector. MOTOLUX is Formalighting's Motolux product family are part of the growing community of Casambi- The GL-BL150-SL comes with a narrow 23 used to produce the first motorized luminaire ready connected luminaires and supporting degree beam angle with higher lux and with dynamic beam shaping and smart digital devices for professional lighting increased throw. As well as it structures with wireless controls schemes used in retail stores, art galleries, pure aluminum housing, stainless steel restaurants and hotels, among other venues." bracket and screws. The bracket available in Michael Monsonego, General Manager of 180 degrees rotating, it can adjust the Formalighting, commented: "We are Created for environments needing frequent projection angle in need. This new delighted to be introducing the world's first scene changes, MOTOLUX motorized searchlight offers a safety steel wire mounted motorized luminaire with LensVector's fixtures will quickly and easily re-configure a for default shipment. It is easy to install and Dynamic Beam Shaping and Casambi's space to meet the demanding requirements the construction is robust. The GL-BL150-SL smart wireless control technology. We of end users. Eliminating the need for ladders is suitable use in ancient buildings, bridges, believe in utilizing the most exciting new and scissor lifts, the MOTOLUX range of museum, and building's walls. technologies to address the design track, pendant and recessed fixtures can challenges faced by lighting professionals." pan and tilt, dim, dim to warm and change color temperature on command. They can be For the first time, lighting designers and controlled individually or in groups with no Access Fixtures - New electrical consultants can effortlessly add special equipment, giving users a level of "No Light Below 450 nm" new lighting effects to projects by using the control and time savings that translate to Troffers for Clean Rooms new fixtures in Formalighting's MOTOLUX cost savings. range. The integrated technology within the and Production Facilities motorized luminaires offers smart control The MOTOLUX product range from Access Fixtures has released a new LED over the beam angle, movements of the Formalighting is available to buy now. troffer that emits no UV and no light below fixture, as well as the intensity and the white 450nm. Named FLAT, the troffer was color tuning of the light. designed for grid ceilings of clean rooms and production facilities that require no UV and LensVector's Dynamic Beam Shaping GlacialLight Announces no light below 450 nm. Prior to the advent of technology turns liquid crystal molecules into New LED Searchlight of FLAT, clean rooms and production facilities a series of modifiable micro-lenses. The GL-BL150-SL Series that required no-UV lighting relied on technology delivers unmatched precision fluorescent lamps with coatings (gold lamps) beams and dynamic dramatic effects. It GlacialLight, the lighting division of or filtered lenses to block out UV allows the beam from MOTOLUX luminaires GlacialTech Inc. announced a new energy wavelengths. However, coatings and filters to be adjusted along a continuum from a efficient, powerful and endurable LED broke down over time, causing expensive less-than-ten-degree narrow spot angle to a searchlight. The GL-BL150-SL is a 147W production failures. The LED technology very wide 50-degree flood, flowing fluidly searchlight for outdoor lighting applications developed by Access Fixtures renders gold through all the all points in between. with rugged IP66 rated weatherproof design. lamps and filters obsolete. Featuring up to 13,200-lumen output, the Casambi's wireless control technology GL-BL150-SL produces over one hundred With FLAT, there is no risk of filters failing enables lighting designers to take advantage thousand lux at 1-meter distance. because there are no filters. FLAT uses LEDs of the full featured professional lighting that do not emit UV and do not emit light

under 450 nm. Even better, FLAT emits the Available in 7,800 and 10,400 lumen This 0 10 V dimming sensor can be installed broadest spectrum no UV and no light under packages and able to operate on 120-277 V on fixtures mounted at 40' in warehouses, 450 nm lighting available. The light is also or 347-480 V power supplies, the LED conference halls, sports facilities, hallways, flicker-free and fitted with a cutting-edge technology in FLAT is exactly what managers and other large spaces. An optional, diffuser. The flicker-free, diffused, broad- want for clean rooms and production interchangeable low bay lens is available, spectrum light will significantly enhance facilities. FLAT features extreme life and providing a 13' detection radius at a 10' visibility compared to old gold lamps and is rated L70 @ 200,000 hours virtually mount height. UL listed and engineered for filtered lighting solutions. eliminating maintenance. FLAT troffers long-term reliability, the S708-P-DZB uses a are IP67 rated which means that they zero-crossing AC relay for safer operation. completely sealed and even submersible. All sensors from EuControls are protected by Optional 90-minute emergency battery a 3-year limited product warranty. backup meets safety requirements while maintaining the no UV and no light under 450 nm standard. FLAT luminaires are protected by a 5-year Access Hidden in Light Rails - Fixtures warranty. Tridonic LED Drivers Don't Need a Trackbox

Access Fixtures' new FLAT LED troffer emits With the in-track drivers in the advanced no light below 450 nm and no UV. The LED EuControls Introduces and excite (ADV/EXC) series, Tridonic is technology renders gold lamps and filters of Zigbee Compatible High continuing with the miniaturization of its fluorescent lamps for clean rooms and control gear. The drivers have an output production facilities obsolete Bay Occupancy Sensor power of 25 or 40 W and are integrated EuControls is excited to announce the directly in the adapter for the 230 V track With FLAT, there is no risk of filters failing addition of a high bay occupancy sensor to systems so there is no longer any need because there are no filters. FLAT uses LEDs its growing wireless lighting controls product for a trackbox. that do not emit UV and do not emit light portfolio. This Zigbee compatible energy under 450 nm. Even better, FLAT emits the management device is ideal for new and broadest spectrum no UV and no light under retrofit lighting projects that require 450 nm lighting available. The light is also occupancy-based, multi-level lighting flicker-free and fitted with a cutting-edge control at the fixture level. diffuser. The flicker-free, diffused, broad- spectrum light will significantly enhance visibility compared to old gold lamps and filtered lighting solutions.

Many research and production facilities Tridonic's advanced and excite in-track LED either want to reduce energy use or are drivers can be invisibly integrated in 230 V required to comply with regulations such power track systems as CA Title 24. FLAT is ready for most if not all controls including 0-10 V dimming, The in-track ADV and EXC (SELV) drivers occupancy sensors, and DALI. FLAT is EuControls' S708-P-DZB is a self-contained PIR show their strengths when used in lighting not affected by frequent on/off cycles motion and light sensor with line voltage relay for shops, art galleries, museums and or dimming. restaurants. Their compact design enables The S708-P-DZB is a self-contained PIR them to be installed directly in an adapter Surface space in clean room and production motion and light sensor with line voltage relay (available in black or white) which can be facility ceilings is required for airflow, fire designed for installation on the side of a hidden in a 230 V track system to save suppression systems and lighting. To date, lighting fixture via a conventional 1" space. The conspicuous trackbox that was troffers have typically required a 2' x 4' space knockout. Commissioning and adjustment previously required is now superfluous. in a grid ceiling. FLAT emits the light of a of sensor operation are made via gateway This opens up design options in which troffer equipped with four 32 watt T8 lamps software such as Current by GE's Daintree technology can take a backseat in favor of and does so using only 2' x 2' of ceiling Networks' ControlScope Manager and more subtle designs for the luminaires. space. The broad beam optics and diffusers the Cortet Lighting platform, as well as distribute the light so the light is even and other Zigbee HA 1.2 compatible gateways Flexible combinations with LED there are no hot spots. capable of energy management strategies. spotlight modules: The indoor device includes an integrated Thanks to the wide operating window of 350 The FLAT is independently lab tested photodiode that also allows programming to 600 mA for devices with an output power and prototypes have been tested by of daylight harvesting functionality, of 25 W and 500 to 1050 mA for devices with Fortune 500 companies. further increasing energy savings. an output power of 40 W, the in-track drivers can be combined with numerous LED

spotlight modules. On drivers in the advanced projections - that allow more light to escape. In commercial LEDs, the textured surfaces series the relevant output currents can be In most LEDs these projections are symmetrical, are made on sapphire wafers. First, UV light easily set in 25 mA increments via an with identical slopes on each side. is used to create a masked pattern on the I-SELECT 2 plug. Drivers in the excite series sapphire surface that provides protection can be set in 1 mA increments via NFC. against chemicals. Then when chemicals are With NFC multiprogramming and the applied, they dissolve the sapphire around in-house companionSUITE software, up to the pattern, creating the pyramid array. 10 packaging units can be programmed in a single step. This speeds up the configuration "You can think about it this way, if I protect a process in production, lowers costs and circular area and at the same time attack the reduces the error rate. The output current entire substrate, I should get a volcano-like can be easily changed at any time via NFC. structure," explained Chen.

The in-track drivers offer excellent Scanning electron microscope images of the 3-D In conventional LEDs, the production process performance with more than 85 percent nanoprinted asymmetric (a) and symmetric (b) usually produces symmetrical pyramids efficiency at a favorable price-performance pyramids (Image credits: Penn State) because of the orientation of the sapphire ratio. They are compatible with the Global crystals. According to Chen, the team Trac PRO and Global Trac PULSE track Fireflies' lanterns also have these discovered that if they cut the block of systems from Nordic Aluminium, as well as microstructures, but the researchers noticed sapphire at a tilted angle, the same process with OneTrack from Stucchi. that the microstructures on firefly lanterns would create the lopsided pyramids. were asymmetric - the sides slanted at The researchers altered just one part of the different angles, giving a lopsided appearance. production process, suggesting their approach could easily be applied to commercial An Old Story Re-Edited? - Using asymmetrical pyramids to create manufacture of LEDs. Firefly-Inspired Surfaces microstructured surfaces, the team found Improve LED Efficiency that they could improve light extraction Researchers who worked on the project efficiency to around 90 percent. The findings were Jimmy Yao, Wenbin Zhu, Ju-Hung A new type of light-emitting diode light bulb were recently published online in Optik and Chao, Annan Shang and Yun-Goo Lee, could one day light homes and reduce power will appear in the April print edition. doctoral students in electrical engineering. bills, according to Penn State researchers The researchers have filed for a patent on who suggest that LEDs made with firefly- According to Yin, asymmetrical this research. mimicking structures could improve efficiency. microstructures increase light extraction in two ways. First, the greater surface area of References: This news went viral at the end of February. the asymmetric pyramids allows greater Original Article: news.psu.edu/ After deliberating what to do with it, interaction of light with the surface, so that story/559722/2019/02/18/research/ we decided to publish it with some remarks. less light is trapped. Second, when light hits firefly-inspired-surfaces-improve-efficiency- the two different slopes of the asymmetric led-lightbulbs We are doing this because readers of LED pyramids there is a greater randomization Original Study DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j. professional might remember a similar story effect of the reflections and light is given a ijleo.2019.01.043 from 2013 (www.led-professional.com/ second chance to escape. technology/light-generation/scientists-mimic- fireflies-to-make-brighter-leds). After the researchers used computer-based simulations to show that the asymmetric A Possible Future of The 2013 article leads to the surface could theoretically improve light Lighting - Paint-On following questions: : extraction, they next demonstrated this Semiconductors from • What is new and has something relevant experimentally. Using nanoscale 3D printing, changed since 2013? the team created symmetric and asymmetric Ornate Quantum Physics • Will the approach really be applied this surfaces and measured the amount of light LED lights and monitors, and quality solar time or is it already obsolete? emitted. As expected, the asymmetric panels were born of a revolution in • Isn't this approach or a better solution surface allowed more light to be released. semiconductors that efficiently convert already applied in the industry? energy to light or vice versa. Now, next- Two processes contribute to the overall generation semiconducting materials are on Read both articles and let me know what you efficiency of LEDs. The first is the production the horizon, and in a new study, researchers think at: [email protected] of light - the quantum efficiency, which is have uncovered eccentric physics behind measured by how many electrons are their potential to transform lighting Fireflies and LEDs face similar challenges in converted to light when energy passes technology and photovoltaics yet again. releasing the light that they produce because through the LED material. This part has the light can reflect backwards and get lost. already been optimized in commercial LEDs. Comparing the quantum properties of these One solution for LEDs is to texture the The second process is getting the light out of emerging so-called hybrid semiconductors surface with microstructures - microscopic the LED - called the light extraction efficiency. with those of their established predecessors

is about like comparing the Bolshoi Ballet to Paint them on: Imaginary particle excitement: jumping jacks. Twirling troupes of quantum "One compelling advantage is that HOIPs are There is a potentially more attractive way to particles undulate through the emerging made using low temperatures and processed produce the light, and it is a core strength of materials, creating, with ease, highly in solution," said Carlos Silva, a professor in the new hybrid semiconductors. desirable optoelectronic (light-electronic) Georgia Tech's School of Chemistry and properties, according to a team of physical Biochemistry. "It takes much less energy to An electron has a negative charge, and an chemists led by researchers at the Georgia make them, and you can make big batches." orbit it vacates after having been excited by Institute of Technology. These same Silva co-led the study alongside Ajay Ram energy is a positive charge called an electron properties are impractical to achieve in Srimath Kandada from Georgia Tech and the hole. The electron and the hole can gyrate established semiconductors. Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. around each other forming a kind of imaginary particle, or quasiparticle, called an exciton. It takes high temperatures to make most semiconductors in small quantities, and they "The positive-negative attraction in an are rigid to apply to surfaces, but HOIPs exciton is called binding energy, and it's a could be painted on to make LEDs, lasers or very high-energy phenomenon, which makes even window glass that could glow in any it great for light emitting," Silva said. color from aquamarine to fuchsia. Lighting with HOIPs may require very little energy, When the electron and the hole reunite, that and solar panel makers could boost releases the binding energy to make light. photovoltaics' efficiency and slash But usually, excitons are very hard to Carlos Silva (l.) in his lab with graduate production costs. maintain in a semiconductor. research assistant Félix Thouin examining a setup to process laser light in the visible The team led by Georgia Tech included "The excitonic properties in conventional range for the testing of quantum properties in researchers from the Université de Mons in semiconductors are only stable at extremely a halide organic-inorganic perovskite (Credits: Georgia Tech / Rob Felt) Belgium and the Istituto Italiano di cold temperatures," Silva said. "But in HOIPs Tecnologia. The results were published on the excitonic properties are very stable at January 14, 2019, in the journal Nature room temperature." The particles moving through these new Materials. The work was funded by the U.S. materials also engage the material itself in National Science Foundation, EU Horizon Ornate quasiparticle twirling: the quantum action, akin to dancers enticing 2020, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Excitons get freed up from their atoms and the floor to dance with them. The Research Council of Canada, the Fond move around the material. In addition, researchers were able to measure patterns in Québécois pour la Recherche, and the excitons in an HOIP can whirl around other the material caused by the dancing and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. excitons, forming quasiparticles called relate them to the emerging material's biexcitons. And there's more. quantum properties and to energy Quantum jumping jacks: introduced into the material. Semiconductors in optoelectronic devices Excitons also spin around atoms in the can either convert light into electricity or material lattice. Much the way an electron Unusually flexible semiconductors: electricity into light. The researchers and an electron hole create an exciton, this The emerging material's ability to house concentrated on processes connected to the twirl of the exciton around an atomic nucleus diverse, eccentric quantum particle latter: light emission. gives rise to yet another quasiparticle called movements, analogous to the dancers, is a polaron. All that action can result in directly related to its unusual flexibility on a The trick to getting a material to emit light is, excitons transitioning to polarons back. One molecular level, analogous to the dance floor broadly speaking, to apply energy to can even speak of some excitons taking on a that joins in the dances. By contrast, electrons in the material, so that they take a "polaronic" nuance. established semiconductors have rigid, quantum leap up from their orbits around straight-laced molecular structures that leave atoms then emit that energy as light when Compounding all those dynamics is the fact the dancing to quantum particles. they hop back down to the orbits they had that HOIPs are full of positively and vacated. Established semiconductors can negatively charged ions. The ornateness of The class of hybrid semiconductors the trap electrons in areas of the material that these quantum dances has an overarching researchers examined is called halide strictly limit the electrons' range of motion effect on the material itself. organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP), which then apply energy to those areas to make will be explained in more detail at bottom electrons do quantum leaps in unison to emit Wave patterns resonate: along with the "hybrid" semiconductor useful light when they hop back down in The uncommon participation of atoms of the designation, which combines a crystal lattice unison. material in these dances with electrons, - common in semiconductors - with a layer of excitons, biexcitons and polarons creates innovatively flexing material. "These are quantum wells, two-dimensional repetitive nanoscale indentations in the parts of the material that confine these material that are observable as wave Beyond their promise of unique radiance and quantum properties to create these particular patterns and that shift and flux with the energy-efficiency, HOIPs are easy to produce light emission properties," Silva said. amount of energy added to the material. and apply.

NEWS ORGANIZATIONS 28

"In a ground state, these wave patterns Zhaga Book 18 - published DiiA specifications for integrated would look a certain way, but with added Certification Program DALI power supplies, and data storage/ energy, the excitons do things differently. retrieval for asset management, energy That changes the wave patterns, and that's for a Smart Luminaire reporting and diagnostics. These specifications what we measure," Silva said. "The key Interface will be referred to in the upcoming Zhaga observation in the study is that the wave Book 18 ed. 2.0 that also defines the pattern varies with different types of excitons Zhaga and DiiA Agree to a Joint Certification mechanical connectivity interface and (exciton, biexciton, polaronic/less polaronic)." Program for a Smart Luminaire Interface conditions for interoperability. The Zhaga Consortium (Zhaga) and the The indentations also grip the excitons, Digital Illumination Interface Alliance (DiiA) are Interoperability based on open standards slowing their mobility through the material, developing a joint certification program for and supported by a robust certification and all these ornate dynamics may affect the interoperable luminaires and components, program has far-reaching implications, quality of light emission. which enables intelligent, future-proof LED resulting in value creation and reduced luminaires with IoT connectivity. complexity for outdoor lighting and Rubber band sandwich: Smart City projects. The material, a halide organic-inorganic perovskite, is a sandwich of two inorganic As Dee Denteneer, Secretary General of the crystal lattice layers with some organic material Zhaga Consortium, points out, "Cities require in between them making HOIPs an organic- plug-and-play interoperability between inorganic hybrid material. The quantum outdoor luminaires and communication/ action happens in the crystal lattices. sensor nodes, to efficiently enable and future-proof their Smart City applications. The organic layer in between is like a sheet of The collaboration with DiiA allows us to cover rubber bands that makes the crystal lattices all aspects of this interface, and the joint into a wobbly but stable dance floor. Also, Based on complementary specifications that certification program and marking will HOIPs are put together with many non- define the smart luminaire interface, the joint confirm plug-and-play interoperability to our covalent bonds, making the material soft. DiiA-Zhaga certification program will support customers." interoperability and new value creation for Smart Cities using future-proof LED luminaires Individual units of the crystal take a form with IoT connectivity Zhaga Confirms Plan to Transfer called perovskite, which is a very even Book 18 to IEC diamond shape, with a metal in the center The Zhaga Consortium has confirmed its and halogens such as chlorine or iodine at The certification program will be based on plan to transfer Book 18 Ed. 2.0 to IEC, after the points, thus "halide." complementary specifications from Zhaga the completion of the specification expected and DiiA, which together define the smart by mid-2019 and approval by the General Acknowledgement: luminaire interface. This interface simplifies Assembly. This Book describes a smart The study was co-authored by Félix Thouin, the addition of communication/sensor nodes interface for outdoor luminaires and specifies David A. Valverde-Chávez, and Ilaria to LED luminaires with plug-and play power, communication and mechanical Bargigia, all of Georgia Tech; Claudio Quarti interoperability. Initially the focus is on aspects. The decision is following the already and David Beljonne of the Université de outdoor lighting, but indoor solutions will ongoing transfers of Books 1,7,10,12 and 14. Mons in Belgium; Daniele Cortecchia and also be developed. Annamaria Petrozza of the Istituto Italiano di During its most recent members' meeting, Tecnologia. The research was funded by EU The joint certification program will include the Zhaga Consortium confirmed its plan to Horizon 2020 (project 705874); the Natural outdoor LED luminaires, as well as transfer Zhaga Book 18 Ed. 2.0 to IEC. Sciences and Engineering Research Council components such as drivers, sensors and This transfer follows existing practice in of Canada; Fond Québécois pour la communication nodes. A certification mark Zhaga to bring successful and well adopted Recherche: Nature et Technologies; will clearly indicate interoperability. specifications to the IEC. This way, the National Science Foundation (grant Zhaga achieves a wider consensus, a larger 1838276); Interuniversity Attraction Pole "Our joint certification program will provide audience and full harmonization with existing program of the Belgian Federal Science the entire value chain with confidence in and accepted IEC standards and practices. Policy Office (PAI 6/27) and the Fonds de la multi-vendor product interoperability," The transfer of Book 18 Ed 2.0 follows the Recherche Scientifique de Belgique commented Ruud van Bokhorst, ongoing transfers by Zhaga to IEC of its LED (FNRS-F.R.S.). Beljonne is an F.R.S. director. General Manager of DiiA. "It will reduce module Books 1, 7, 10, 12, and 14, which all Any findings, opinions, and conclusions are complexity and add value for luminaire have been successfully adopted by the market. those of the authors and not necessarily of makers and commercial end-users, the funding agencies. allowing the upgrading of the digital Zhaga Book 18 2.0 describes a smart functions of smart luminaires." interface for outdoor luminaires and specifies The original news is provided on the Georgia power and communication aspects in Tech website. The research was published in The smart luminaire interface is based on addition to the mechanical aspects already Nature Materials (doi.org/10.1038/ the DALI protocol for intra-luminaire covered in Book 18 Ed. 1.0. The book s41563-018-0262-7) communication, including the recently simplifies the addition of application modules

NEWS ORGANIZATIONS 30

such as sensors and communication nodes Amazon to Join Zigbee 'brain' or hub of choice in smart homes to LED luminaires with plug-and-play Alliance Board of Directors across the world — consumers can intuitively interoperability. This interoperability will be of connect lights, locks, sensors, and more to great benefit to the entire value chain. It The Zigbee Alliance, an organization of broaden the conveniences around them. reduces complexity and adds value for the hundreds of companies creating, luminaire maker, installer and possibly more maintaining, and delivering open, global "As an industry, we need to move quickly to importantly the specifier. Zhaga Book 18 Ed standards for the Internet of Things (IoT), has help consumers add new devices 2.0 will allow any certified module to operate announced that Amazon will join its Board of effortlessly, and ensure they are getting a with any certified luminaire. Directors. As IoT growth continues to great experience in the Internet of Things," accelerate, prominent companies in the tech said Tobin Richardson, President and CEO, "The Zhaga mission is all about industry are collaborating within the Zigbee Zigbee Alliance. "We're proud to be interoperability", Zhaga SG Dee Denteneer Alliance to shape the direction of standards, attracting the best tech companies on the comments, "and what we are aiming for with ecosystems, and devices to offer users easy planet, and Amazon joins an impressive Book 18 is a "USB-like industry standard for and enjoyable experiences they'll want to lineup of other industry leaders and lighting". A transfer to IEC of only the build upon within their homes and personal innovators on the Board who work with the mechanical interface specified in Zhaga spaces. The decision by Amazon to join the Zigbee Alliance's open standards and Book 18 Ed. 1.0 would fall short of our goals. Zigbee Alliance at the Board level is a strong community to deliver real value in the IoT." Therefore, we will initiate the transfer only message that the industry is focused on when Ed. 2.0 has been completed because simplifying and adding convenience to the Hubs & Ecosystems Unite: this edition safeguards full interoperability." growing range of IoT devices available to Finding a common vision and mature, customers. interoperable solutions within the Zigbee Zhaga will initiate the transfer with highest Alliance family of technologies, leading priority after the completion of the service providers and device manufacturers specification and its approval by the General - such as Amazon, Comcast, Huawei, IKEA, Assembly, expected by mid-2019. Legrand, Schneider Electric, Signify (formerly Philips Lighting), Somfy, and Samsung Background: SmartThings - have chosen to design and By making it easy to add or upgrade sensors introduce devices based on the Zigbee or communication nodes, the smart luminaire Alliance's wireless standards. In doing so, interface enables future-proof luminaires that these companies offer consumers greater can keep pace with rapid developments in choice in building simpler, consistent, and digital networking and sensing technology. The appointment with Amazon supports reliable experiences. For instance, Amazon With a suitable wireless communication continued work to simplify and standardize IoT devices including the Echo Plus and new node, the luminaire is able to interact with an for customers using Zigbee wireless technologies Echo Show feature a built-in smart home hub external lighting-control network, and to that easily connects to Zigbee-based light participate in the IoT. "Customers tell us they want smart home bulbs, door locks, sensors, and more. Now, experiences that are simple to setup, easy to customers can benefit from Frustration Free The smart luminaire interface uses the control, and add convenience to the tasks Setup and quickly connect new Zigbee mechanical form-factors specified in Zhaga they do every day," said Christian Taubman, products by simply saying "Alexa, discover Book 18 for the connector plug and socket, Director, Alexa Smart Home at Amazon. my devices." as well as the electrical pin assignment. "Voice control with Alexa is helping remove Communication/sensing nodes and LED the complexity of smart home, and there are "Pairing Amazon's Alexa-based technology drivers are connected by means of an even more ways we can help customers by with the Zigbee Alliance's prominent wireless intra-luminaire DALI bus, enabling bi- ensuring their smart devices connect and work standards makes a lot of sense for not only directional communication using the together seamlessly. We look forward to working manufacturers looking to partake in the well-established and standardized DALI with the Zigbee Alliance and its members to smart home, smart building, and connected protocol. contribute to open standards for device city categories but more importantly for the interoperability that benefit all customers." consumers that must embrace and The LED driver is able to store and report champion connected technology for it to operational and diagnostic data (DALI Parts Smart Home Satisfaction: grow by contributing value to our everyday 252 and 253), as well as information about Moving beyond its infancy, the smart home is lives," said Mareca Hatler, Principal Analyst at the luminaire for inventory tracking and taking hold and consumers are embracing ON World. "Our research projects Zigbee related purposes (DALI Part 251). Also, the IoT products as they continue to become technology will ship in 85% of the 4.5 billion power-supply requirements of the easier to use. Manufacturers and standards 802.15.4 units predicted to hit the market in communication/sensor node, when organizations are bridging differences and 2023, and with Amazon as a Board connected to the Zhaga socket, are defined breaking down barriers for the good of the contributor in the Alliance, it's clear the in the DiiA specifications for integrated bus entire industry. With voice services like market-movers are really pulling together and power supplies (DALI Part 250) and auxiliary Amazon Alexa and products such as the operating on a global level to steer everyone power supplies (AUX specification). Amazon Echo family — which serves as the forward."

REGULATION NEWS REGULATORY COMPLIANCE UPDATE 32

TECHNICAL REGULATORY COMPLIANCE UPDATE Standard Segment Product (Certification) Region Technical Regulatory Compliance Information

Energy Lighting Decision 4889/ Vietnam According to the most recent decision No.: 4889/QD-BCT technical Labelling products QD-BCT standards for the mandatory energy labelling of LED lighting products will apply from January 1, 2020. LED luminaires will have to meet several requirements regarding parameters like minimum life span, safety and energy performance. The relevant standards are listed in Article 2 of the decision

Law Incandescent Law 27492 Argentina The Senate and Chamber of Deputies published the new law 27492 which and halogen amends the already existing law 26.473/2008 about the import ban of lamps residential incandescent lamps as of 31 December 2010. The new law extends the prohibition on the import and sale to all types and models of halogen lamps as of 31 December 2019.

Safety Lighting IEC World & Assessment of lighting equipment related to human exposure to standard products 62493:2015 Europe electromagnetic field. New version is still not listed in the official EN journal. Nevertheless all lighting products need consider the EMF 62493:2015 phenomena and may apply this standard. The one where no test is needed can stop at clause 4.2.2 but still need to have a minimum test report stating that they are excluded from further testing and deem to comply with the requirement.

Safety Lighting tracks IEC 60570- World & Electrical supply track systems for luminaires. standard 1:2003 Europe Major changes: A1:2017 • Clause 1 and 7 extended scope to include also up to EN 60570- 60 Vdc systems 1:2003 • Correction of figure 3 of class I tracks A1:2018

Safety LED modules IEC World & LED modules for general lighting. Safety specifications. standard 62031:2018 Europe Main changes: EN IEC 62031: • Scope and wording in several clauses clarified 201x ratified • Marking of working voltage was modified 2018-xx • Requirements for other than integral terminals added • Annex B was deleted • Information for luminaire design was detailed • Abnormal temperature test was introduced

Safety Luminous EN Europe Product standard covering luminous signs with discharge lamps and/ standard signs 50107-3:2018 or LED and/or EL light sources with a nominal voltage not exceeding 1000V, with the exclusion of general lighting, traffic- or emergency related purpose.

Energy Energy related (EU)2017/ Europe Since 1. January 2019 all light sources need to be registered incl. Labelling products - 1369 when delivered with a luminaire in the package. The database will lamps go public visible to consumer and market surveiilance in April 2019. Till June 2019 all light sources placed on the market since August 2017 need to be entered into the EPREL database.

Disclaimer: This information is research work of TÜV SÜD Product Service and is intended for general information purposes only. The content is publishable only after having the consent of TÜV SÜD Product Service. If it is published with any changes, the company is not liable for it. The information is subject to change and all rights for it are reserved by TÜV SÜD Product Service GmbH.

A free training can be arranged for a clear understanding of the upper stated standards. For further information on the latest upgrades and testing standards and training, please contact [email protected]

TECH-TALKSCATEGORY BREGENZ SCOTT WADE 34

Tech-Talks BREGENZ - Dr. Scott Wade, Technical & Certification Manager, DiiA

Dr. Scott Wade Dr. Scott Wade has been Technical & Certification Manager for DALI/DiiA since August 2013, and for around 14 years has been an industry expert member of the IEC 62386 standardisation team. Prior to DALI/DiiA, Dr. Wade was NPI Director for Electronics and Systems at Honeywell ED&S, and prior to that was at Helvar, most recently as R&D Manager for Lighting Controls. Dr. Wade holds a Ph.D. in Power Electronics and M.Eng. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

Dr. Scott Wade has been the Technical & Certification Manager for DALI/DiiA since 2013 and has been an industry expert member of the IEC62386 standardization team for about 14 years. He was invited to hold a lecture at the LpS 2018 about the founding of DiiA for the purpose of taking over the DALI trademark from ZVEI and discussed measures that were taken to further develop the standard and its certification process and make the DALI concept future proof with DALI-2.

LED professional: Thank you for taking across to DiiA. DiiA member companies are only have one of those in a system. the time to be here. I think it might be almost all in the lighting control industry. However, in August 2018 we extended the interesting for our readers if you could give Original members from years ago would certification program to include multi-master us some background information on DiiA be mostly control-gear manufacturers. application controllers for the first time. (Digital Illumination Interface Alliance). But now we have many control-device Application controllers are the decision manufacturers as well. Control gear includes makers, and you must have at least one in a Scott Wade: Yes, of course. As you might products such as LED drivers, ballasts and system. They send the commands to the already know, DiiA was founded about two electronic transformers, while control devices lights, through the control gear, to tell them years ago and took over the DALI trademarks are products such as sensors, routers, what level, what scene or what fade time to from the ZVEI, the previous organization. and gateways. So we have a good mixture use. In DALI version 1, these were not part of The number of members has grown very of manufacturers covering all those types the standard so they were all proprietary, quickly currently, we have more than one of products now. but now they are part of the standard and hundred and sixty members, worldwide. they are part of the DALI-2 certification So it is a global organization. The main aim LED professional: What about all the process, as well. of the organization is to promote the use of responsibilities DiiA took over from ZVEI? lighting-control technology, based on the LED professional: If we talk about latest version of IEC 62386, which is very Scott Wade: Initially, the DALI version-1 differences between the systems it might commonly known as the DALI standard. tests were taken over and the use of the be interesting to know how a DALI version-1 DALI version 1 trademark was allowed by our system and a DALI-2 system work. LED professional: ZVEI also had members. DiiA members. However, in August 2017 we Did you take those members over or did you launched the DALI 2 certification program. Scott Wade: The DALI version 1 standard have to recruit new ones? We developed a new set of tests for DALI-2. was only for control gear. Examples include Initially, many LED drivers were certified for LED drivers, fluorescent ballasts, electronic Scott Wade: ZVEI stopped the DALI DALI-2 and then we had the first DALI-2 transformers for halogen or HID lamps, organization known as DALI AG and the vast application controllers. Those first ones were and color control gear. The limitation was majority of members have already transferred single-master application controllers you can that there was no standard for the control

DALI-2 certification includes a verification step to confirm that the test results provided by the DiiA member are fully compliant with the DALI-2 test specifications

Truly an expert talk: Dr. Scott Wade and Dr. Guenther Sejkora

devices. The devices that make the and DALI-2 control gear in the same the original fade times from 0.7 seconds decisions, as well as the sensors, the push system (on the same bus), and they will up to 90 seconds still exist in DALI-2. buttons, the sliders all of these types of work together. No problems are expected. So in that way we have maintained control devices were not in the DALI version You can even replace DALI version 1 backwards compatibility. 1 standard. DALI-2 made two big steps: control gear with DALI-2 control gear. The first one was a big increase in LED professional: If you have an old system interoperability for control gear. We removed LED professional: So the DALI-2 controller one that isn't standardized and you replace ambiguities from the standard, and we is not defined in DALI version 1, but a one single control gear, would it work or increased the amount of tests. As an DALI-2 controller would work together with might there be a problem with the protocol example, in DALI version 1, an LED driver an old system? of the controller? takes around one day to test, but for DALI-2 certification, an LED driver takes around Scott Wade: That's correct, yes. The DALI-2 Scott Wade: Due to the backwards three days to test it fully. Most of the control devices will be able to work with the compatibility, it will work. No problems testing is automated. The end result of the DALI version 1 control gear, because the are expected. In fact, you're likely to have improvement in the standard and the greater backwards compatibility has been fewer problems replacing your DALI version number of in-depth tests is a much higher maintained we've taken very little out of 1 control gear with DALI-2 control gear. level of interoperability in DALI-2. The second the DALI version 1 standard. There was only The reason is that we've improved big step is that control devices are included. one feature we removed that wasn't used, interoperability of the products by making This means that the new standard includes but we asked all of our members first. In the standard clearer and the tests more all control gear, the control devices, and the DALI-2 we have made the standard much detailed. So that will most certainly reduce bus power supplies. DiiA provides tests for clearer and also added more features. the chance of problems. But you're right all of these, and includes them in the For example: the fade time. In DALI version 1 that old controller will work with both the DALI-2 certification program. there is a standard fade time from 0.7 DALI version 1 and the DALI-2 control gear. seconds up to 90 seconds. All control gear Of course it's not likely to make use of the LED professional: Is the bus system has to follow those fade times. But also in new features that we brought into DALI-2. different? DALI version 1, LED drivers had a fast fade time, much faster than 0.7 seconds. LED professional: But I think it's also Scott Wade: The bus itself is the same However, that was only available to LED important to be able to replace a control two-wire bus, carrying power and data. drivers. Now, in DALI-2 we recognized device in an old system if it breaks. The signals on the bus are better specified that all lamp types could make use of this. in DALI-2 so there's less ambiguity. We have added an extended fade time for Scott Wade: That's exactly right. Now we But actually, DALI-2 is backwards compatible DALI 2 control gear, allowing fades from can't absolutely guarantee it, but the tests with DALI version 1. You can mix products, 0.1 seconds to 16 minutes to be recalled and the certification that we do with the you can have DALI version 1 control gear with a single command. However, DALI-2 products help to ensure interoperability.

LED professional: What new maintenance and diagnostics. automatically allowing more than possibilities are offered in the So these are all new specifications one of them to be used on the DALI application by the new system? opening up new applications or bus at the same time. So if you're improving existing applications. designing a system where you want Scott Wade: For the control gear, to have lots of control devices, we have added features such as LED professional: Correct me if you can have multiple input devices the extended fade time. So that I'm wrong, but I heard that a major as well as multiple application opens up new opportunities for difference between DALI version 1 controllers, if you wish. But that applications going to faster and and DALI-2 is that before they didn't depends on your application. slower fade times. We have also just allow active sensors on the bus. It's quite common to have one published five new specifications, The controller had to send a request application controller, the decision which are available on our website. and the sensor would give an answer. maker the brain, making the These specifications are especially decisions for all of the lighting in useful for outdoor luminaires, Scott Wade: This is a fairly common that system. But you can also but also for indoor use. We've misunderstanding about DALI version 1. have distributed intelligence. also started collaborating with the There was no standardization of the Both possibilities are still there. Zhaga organization because of their sensors or the controllers in version 1. The difference is that now we expertise in the connectors and the Manufacturers could choose how to have standardized it. sockets and our expertise in the implement those: whether to allow protocol and the power supplies. only one in a system we call it a single LED professional: Is there also a Although those are not strictly new master or to allow more than one a difference between DALI version 1 applications, there are new features multi master system. Both are actually and DALI-2 when it comes to being to help in those applications and allowed in DALI version 1, there just able to control multiple channels? also to bring more benefits for IoT isn't a standard for it. And both do applications. For example, one of exist. DALI-2 also allows both ways, Scott Wade: Yes. In DALI version 1, the new specifications is luminaire but now it's standardized. Part 103 the control gear could only have one data which is very useful for asset of the standard so that's IEC DALI address we call it the short tracking. So now, using this new 62386-103 describes both the single address, and you could have up to specification, you can query lots of master and multi-master requirements. sixty-four of those on one DALI bus. information about the luminaire and Application controllers can be either Now, you can have multiple short the lamp: for example, its color single-masters or multi-masters. addresses within one product. temperature or the nominal light The sensors, the push buttons, We call those logical units. As an output in lumens. There are also the rotary controls, the slider example, you could have an LED new specifications for energy and controls these are input devices driver with three logical units. power metering as well as and must be multi-masters, Each logical unit needs one DALI

Typical set-up for DALI-2 testing, showing a DALI-2 application controller (center front) and a ProbitLab2 tester from Lichtvision Engineering (right) (Image credits: LOYTEC electronics)

address and might be controlling A push-button panel, for example, while certification is only for one lamp. Each of those logical might have eight push buttons on DALI-2. There is one big difference: units controls its lamp independently the same product, and each of In DALI-2 certification, the members of the other two logical units in that those buttons is one instance. must send us the test results from control gear. With DALI 2 you can They all share the same short the product and we verify that they now design, test and certify those address, but each of them has are genuine and all tests have products that have multiple DALI its own instance number. passed. In DALI version 1, that's short addresses. not done. The companies are LED professional: I think that point self-testing or possibly using a test LED professional: Is the number is interesting because, with the house. They can then apply the of short addresses still restricted current trend of trying to connect DALI version 1 trademark logo to to sixty-four? more and more sensors, more and the device and they register it on more devices, it looks like the our web-site. Scott Wade: No, this has also requirements might be beyond changed. There are still sixty-four sixty-four plus sixty-four. DALI version 1 is not obsolete, yet. short addresses for control gear, I estimate that most manufacturers but now we have added a further Scott Wade: That's right. Now, are now developing DALI-2 control sixty-four addresses for the control this complexity in addressing gear instead of DALI version 1. devices. So there are sixty-four wouldn't be seen by the end users But some parts of the standard are control-gear addresses and of a system. Even the commissioning still being transferred to DALI-2. sixty-four control-device addresses engineers depend on the software For example, color control is not that can be on the DALI bus at developed by the manufacturer. In updated to DALI-2 yet that's the same time. my opinion, good commissioning something we're working on now. software will hide all the complexity So a color control gear is still We also have sixteen groups for of groups and addresses. It's developed according to DALI version 1. control gear and thirty-two groups possible to show the system in a for control devices, as well as a more user-friendly way. LED professional: On the subject of broadcast address to which all testing, there are the standard test control gear or control devices will LED professional: I think that with procedures that have to be fulfilled, respond. There's also one new this DALI-2 standard, the DALI but is there also standard test The DALI-2 mark may addressing mode known as broadcast version 1 is more or less obsolete equipment that the manufacturer only be used if the unaddressed, which can help to or will certification for DALI version 1 can buy? certification test results speed up the commissioning process. last for a while? are verified by DiiA Scott Wade: Yes, they can. and compliance to the testing requirements is Further grouping is possible at Scott Wade: For DALI version 1 There are two types of test 100% guaranteed what we call the instance level. we talk about registration, equipment. There's the ProbitLab

and the ProbitLab2. The ProbitLab going back to the early 2000's, We recognize that there are is the older one, and is only for control- there have been lighting-control other protocols that have solved gear testing. ProbitLab2 can test all systems for whole buildings or even the security problems. So it types of products. DiiA doesn't sell across multiple buildings. DALI is a makes sense to use one of the test equipment; it comes from subnet within the building. So you those protocols as the backbone, our technology supplier, Lichtvision would have multiple subnets within joining the DALI subnets together Engineering. DiiA members that are one building joined into devices into a larger system. self-testing are provided with the called routers or hubs or gateways. test-sequence software from us. It's So DALI is a very good fit to a whole- LED professional: DALI is a 2-wire part of the membership benefits to building, lighting-control system. bus system. Then there is the provide the latest version of the test The backbone of that system wireless method. It seems that the sequences as well as updates. could be another protocol such as mainstream is moving away from Ethernet or a WiFi-based protocol. anything that is wired. How do you The alternative is to send products see this situation? to a test house. We list DiiA- LED professional: When you get to accredited test houses on our that point it is often argued that you Scott Wade: If you listen to some website. Once the product has been would need another node a router in the industry, they believe that tested, the members send us the or a gateway which is another critical commercial lighting will move totally results through their account on the point for hacking and some failures. across to wireless. Personally, DiiA website. Once the information I don't see that happening in the is verified, certification is granted. Scott Wade: Actually, in my view, near future. The enormous As soon as certification has been this can make the system more advantage that a wired system, granted, the product is automatically robust, because DALI is a subnet. such as DALI, has is that when you listed as DALI-2 certified. If it's If, for example, a fault occurs within install it, it works. With a wireless listed, it means the member can a gateway, each DALI subnet can system, you don't know if it's going apply the DALI-2 trademark to continue to operate independently. to work. You don't know if there's the product. You don't have to have a system going to be interference or if the that stops working just because one signal strength is going to be an LED professional: DALI is a gateway stops working. The sensors issue. So wireless is a bit of a well-established protocol. But aren't and the push buttons still operate gamble going into a building and there limitations in respect to system within that room. installing it throughout the building. size that might restrict it for a lot Whereas, with a wired bus, such as of applications? On the security side, that's out of DALI, you wire the components to it the scope of DALI physical access and you don't have an interference The number of DALI-2 Scott Wade: This has never been a to the bus or devices is necessary problem, or a distance problem, certified components is restriction of DALI. If you look, even to make changes to the system. or a latency problem. continuously increasing

With DiiA taking over the responsibility for Scott Wade: In outdoor lighting DALI certification, applications, DALI isn't normally DALI-2 has been used to connect every pole. Instead, established, further there is a very small DALI system improving compatibility between DALI within each streetlight. It might be components just the control gear and a sensor, for example. Or it might even have a wireless-communication device. These products make up one complete DALI system. The new standards that we have developed allow lots of the luminaire data to be provided over the DALI bus and then that can be communicated wirelessly through other protocols.

LED professional: So the There are applications where it LED professional: Is it correct when communication is mainly wireless makes sense for parts of a building I say that DALI is very common in and the control is DALI. to be wirelessly connected. This is indoor lighting but not so much in true for certain building types, for outdoor lighting or street lighting? Scott Wade: Yes, that's right. example an old cathedral where The control within the streetlight is you don't want to put new wiring in. Scott Wade: That depends on the DALI control. Within the city it's likely There it might make sense to have region you're looking at. I believe to be a long-range wireless protocol. some of the controls connected there are hundreds of thousands of wirelessly. But as for the whole streetlights in the U.S. now using LED professional: Are you intending building I don't see it at the moment. DALI and these numbers are to extend DALI beyond DALI-2? increasing rapidly. We have also just LED professional: What about the released five new specifications to Scott Wade: There are a number cost difference between a wired our members, where the main of extensions that are currently in system and a wireless system? driving factor was outdoor lighting. progress. The five new specifications One of the main reasons for using were developed by the DiiA. But we Scott Wade: That's a good question. DALI in outdoor lighting is that it's also plan to give those specifications I don't think anyone has good the only standard that specifies the to the IEC 62386 working group to cost data for a wireless system, light output dimming curve. In DALI, make them international standards so far. This might be due to if you ask for a 50% level, the light alongside the rest of the DALI problems you have in installation, output has to be 50% within a protocol. The IEC working group, such as extra time to trouble-shoot certain allowed tolerance. itself, is also working on new drafts. the wireless problems and possibly For example, a draft on firmware add extra products to get the The streetlight manufacturers see update is in progress, to allow the hopping distance that's required this as a huge benefit because firmware the software within all in a wireless system. Another issue they can choose their control gear, devices to be upgraded in the field. for wireless in a lighting system is their LED drivers, from any So without having to remove luminaires tend to be made of metal. manufacturer, mix them in the products, you will be able to So it can be quite difficult to get system, and when they ask for 50%, upgrade directly, over the bus. an RF signal out of a luminaire and all of those streetlights, even though There are also new drafts for color to the next luminaire. That's where they have control gear from different control and other features in the wired bus of DALI has a great manufacturers, all go to the same progress. There are no plans to advantage. You wire the luminaires light output level. change the name; these are all together and you know it's going additions for DALI-2. As new parts to work. Another strong reason is that DALI of the standard are developed, provides two-way communication the DALI-2 certification process will Another big advantage of DALI allowing feedback from the be extended to allow these new over wireless or even other wired luminaires this is very useful for devices to be certified. protocols is that DALI has power maintenance, asset tracking and and data on the same two wires. power monitoring. LED professional: I think the It's not sufficient power to drive your firmware update is a very important luminaire, but it is sufficient to power LED professional: Are there any feature and it would be interesting sensors or push-button controls limitations in the length of the bus to know when we can expect the for example. between streetlights, for example? standardization of the firmware update.

Any product that proved DALI-2 compliance in the certification process can be found on DiiA's products website with its extensive and user-friendly filter options

Scott Wade: I expect the publication of included, then successful testing is that standard will be sometime in 2019 necessary to achieve DALI 2 certification. but the date isn't set yet. The second The manufacturers have the choice of draft was made in the middle of October whether or not to implement them. 2018, so we have a new technical draft to I expect the market will decide which review and discuss and update, if necessary. way they should go.

LED professional: Do the new features LED professional: Thank you so have to be supported by DALI-2? much for this really interesting interview.

Scott Wade: New features such as Scott Wade: Thank you. firmware upgrade are optional, but if

Microlens arrays (MLA) have been used for imaging and non-imaging applications for a long time as cost-effective solutions. Non-symmetrical beam shapes require more advanced non-symmetrical freeform microlens arrays (FMLA). The required FMLA molding tools convey a high cost and an iteration process is required for the final design. Oscar Fernández, Tamara Aderneuer, Rolando Ferrini from the Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique, CSEM, and Julien Duchene from ANSYS proposed a method to overcome these limitations based on 3D surface sampling, computer generation of a ray-traceable model and ray-tracing performance simulation to demonstrate feasibility for several commercially available freeform asymmetric thin-film diffusers.

The practical advantages of will hinder progress and Introduction microlens arrays, MLAs, innovation in this tremendously Microlens arrays, MLAs, defined have been widely exploited in promising technology. as collections of microscopic diverse applications such as lenses regularly arranged in a illumination, imaging, optical In an attempt to bridge this gap, 1 or 2-dimensional pattern on communication and security/ a characterization method a supporting substrate [1], anti-counterfeiting. On the based on the experimentally offer several advantages when other hand, the advances in measured surface micro-relief compared to macroscopic, computing and ultra-precision and subsequent creation of a single optical components, micro-machining achieved in ray-traceable CAD model has including miniaturization and the last years have enabled been developed. The optical manufacturing/ packaging cost the design and manufacturing performance of the created reduction [2]. Additionally, the use of the so-called freeform solid is accurately predicted of MLAs enabled opto-electronic optical components. using ANSYS SPEOS®, devices with functionalities Such components, with no an optical modelling software unreachable otherwise [3] such restrictions in rotational or package developed by ANSYS, as integral photography, translational symmetry, Inc. The built-in features of erect one-to-one imaging systems represent a fundamental shift ANSYS SPEOS enabled for photocopying and lithographic and a powerful tool for optical simulations under different systems [4, 5], array generation designers and engineers to conditions without confronting for e.g. Shack-Hartmann wavefront boost device miniaturization the physical limitations sensors [6], etc. and performance, create new encountered in real functionalities and reduce characterization setups. Their microscopic surface relief manufacturing costs. enable microlens arrays, MLAs, The results presented here to cover large areas with moderate Not surprisingly, freeform exemplify the advantages of volumes/weights, have a lower microlens arrays, FMLAs, the proposed method and environmental footprint and retain are starting to attract attention highlight the need for further substrate's flexibility, hence allowing both for imaging and non- research in this topic. replication over large areas using imaging applications. However, roll-based, cost-effective processes. the benefits enabled by the Consequently, MLAs are additional design freedom commercially exploited today for, are accompanied by new e.g. display brightness challenges; being the lack of enhancement [7, 8], light extraction characterization methods a in LED [9] and OLED [10] lighting central one which, if not solved, panels, beam homogenizers in

Figure 1: LCD projectors [11], glare-free LED De-glaring thin- panels [12, 13] (Figure 1), intelligent film solutions windows [14, 15] and world-record based on optical concentration photovoltaics [16]. microstructures (developed at CSEM). The picture, taken at Moreover, MLAs are widely used around 45o off-axis, to couple light into arrays of other shows a square piece optical components such as VCELs of the de-glaring foil [17], CCD [18, 19] and LCD [20 on top of a commercial OLED lighting device - p.234] pixels and optical fibers for optical interconnections [4, 21]. Other advantages of MLAs include low heat production and mechanical inertia, high resistance to vibrations [22]. Finally, their invisibility to the naked eye make them very appropriate for security [23-25] and packaging [26] applications. The Proposed Method Both issues can be circumvented As a flip side, the use of freeforms using a semi-empirical approach, Remarkably, many applications optics conveys specific challenges which comprised two main steps. require non-symmetrical light in terms of design, manufacturing Firstly, the surface profile was outputs. For example, commonly and characterization [2]. The latter recorded over a surface large used image sensors are rectangular. aspect, which has received much enough to contain a significant Also, uniform illumination over less attention, is fundamental for the number of microstructures (typically rectangular targets (e.g. office tables, success of FMLA technology and is few mm2) and used to build roads, and supermarket racks) the focus of this work. ray-traceable CAD solid. is also a common goal in artificial Unfortunately, the whole process lighting. In these cases, freeform A common approach to necessitated several intermediate optical surfaces, designed with no characterize MLAs is to measure format conversions (Figure 2) symmetry constraints, offer more the surface profile using, e.g., using different CAD software efficient light utilization [27-29]. an optical profilometer and packages. The data provided compare the results with the by the profilometer had first to be Furthermore, appropriately designed prescribed design target. transformed to a standard (.xyz) freeform components have higher MLAs are usually characterized point-cloud format using an ability to control Seidel aberrations by few parameters - residual layer, in-house model-based development independently, thus increasing the sag, pitch and fill factor and the software and thereafter converted resolution, field of view and impact of observed form error into a Non-Uniform Rational B-spline f-number coverage of imaging on the optical performance can (NURBS) surface, exported as .IGS devices [30]. Finally, single freeform be easily estimated. However, format using ... FMLAs can replace several MLAs freeform surfaces are described hence reducing manufacturing and by a much larger parameter space • RESURF point-cloud-to-NURBS integration costs [31-36]. and oftentimes by non-parametric fitting software and finally [i] sets of points [37]. As a result, • imported into SolidWorks Freeform microlens arrays, FMLAs, quantifying the form error and where it was [ii] which combine the design freedom the resulting performance • extruded to the desired thickness of freeforms with the microscopic degradation is noticeably and knitted to render solid nature of micro-optics, are currently more complex. properties to the model [iii]. exploited in commercial applications such as laser beam-shapers and On the other hand, FMLA tools In a second step, the optical homogenizers [37] and asymmetric are costly to manufacture and performance of the built model light diffusers [12]. On the other very small samples are typically was imported into a ray-tracing hand, FMLAs have enabled the produced (and subsequently simulation tool and its performance design of compact monolithic steeped-and-repeated to simulated under preset conditions. imaging systems with high produce the final large-area ANSYS SPEOS [iv] is fully resolution and signal-to-noise, masters). Small samples are, embedded into SolidWorks and minimum off-axis aberrations, however, difficult to handle and is an excellent tool for our purpose. high signal-to-noise and large field their characterization is prone In addition, it offers a plethora of of view [38-41]. 3D light-field displays to large experimental errors built-in features (in addition to and cameras [42-45] and see-through due to equipment and those built-in within the SolidWorks head-mounted glasses [46]. alignment limitations. environment) including, for example,

Figure 2: Schematic view of the process chain used in the creation of a ray- traceable CAD model from the measured surface profile

Figure 3: Optical set-up created in ANSYS SPEOS for the simulation of a CAD model illuminated by a collimated, monochromatic green light source. The resulting intensity and irradiance distributions produced by the solid are measured by the polar EULUMDAT and planar IRRADIANCE detectors respectively

an extensive library of experimentally The characterized FMLA-based In the first 3 cases the CAD models characterized light sources and thin-film solutions: were exposed to a highly collimated materials, a wide range of detectors, • Polyscale light defining film[v] illumination and the irradiance and several data analysis packages • RPC Photonics ED-S50 recorded by a planar detector (Figure 3). engineered diffuser [vi] located at 100 mm from the sample • BrightView E1060 asymmetric (Figure 3). As a reality check the real diffuser [vii] samples were illuminated using a Results • BrightView glare control diffuser green laser and the illuminated We applied the method to characterize G-GC90 [viii] target photographed. The results FMLA-based thin-film solutions. shown in figures 4 & 5 (left) clearly

RESEARCH OPTIMIZATION OF FREEFORM MICROLENSES 46

Figure 4a&b: Polyscale defining film (a) and RCP Photonics ED-S50 (b) - CAD models and SEM pictures (left) and simulated and experimental irradiance distributions under laser illumination (right)

Figure 5: CAD models and SEM picture and predicted versus observed performance (left) of a BrightView E1060 asymmetric diffuser. BrightView G-CG90 de-glaring foil (right). Predicted and measured luminous intensity of a de-glared Phillips LF300 OLED (bottom-right)

show the great agreement between combination with an OLED Conclusions the CAD models and SEM pictures lighting device (PhillipsLF300) FMLA technology is a powerful as well as between the predicted and the intensity distribution tool for optical design in many and observed optical performance. curve measured using a gonio- different applications fields. photospectrometer well beyond Since it is still at an early stage, The CAD-model of the BrightView the far-field conditions in the this technology can progress G-GC90 foil was illuminated by a flat C0-C180 plane. Again, much beyond its current status. Lambertian white light source and the comparison, shown in However, further development the luminous intensity measured figure 5 - right, shows a can easily be frustrated by using ANSYS SPEOS far-field polar great agreement. the lack of appropriate EULUMDAT detector (Figure 3). metrology solutions. The real sample was measured in

With support from advanced towards the standardization of the from the non-negligible roughness simulation tools such as ANSYS FMLAs will not only facilitate their of the involved surfaces and their SPEOS semi-empirical procedures characterization but also allow a optical effects, primarily specular are possible for which, according to better interface and improve the reflectivity and light scattering [47]. the results presented here, there is a communication and mutual On one size, the profilometer used large potential for the efficient and understanding between optical for this work cannot measure accurate characterization of FMLAs. designers and manufacturers. sub-micron features with good Three aspects must nonetheless be lateral resolution. This could be addressed before we can fully evaluate On the other hand, although we addressed using more precise the merit of the proposed method. have so far restricted the study to surface profilers (e.g. AFM, SEM, qualitative comparisons, a full white-light interferometers and On the one hand, the lack of evaluation of the method demands confocal laser microscopes) albeit standard formats to describe FMLAs for quantitative tests. Such work is the increase in the point density and imposes multiple intermediate planned at CSEM and the results the concomitant complexity of the format conversions steps using will be reported elsewhere. resulting CAD model would need to different software tools, which not be handled appropriately. only is rather inconvenient but also Finally, it must be mentioned that susceptible to cumulative errors. this work has focused solely on form The authors believe that efforts accuracy and ignored effects arising

Notes: [I] http://www.resurf3d.com/Pointcloud2Nurbs.htm [ii] https://www.solidworks.com/ [iii] Attempts to convert the point-cloud directly in SolidWorks using the ScanTo3D add-in rendered meshes with a large number of errors including holes, faulty surface normals and self-intersections. [iv] https://www.ansys.com/products/optical/ansys-speos [v] https://polyscale.com/en/products/optical-films/ [vi] https://www.rpcphotonics.com/product/eds-50/ [vii] https: // www.brightviewtechnologies.com / products / led-diffusers / elliptical-led-diffusers/page.aspx?id=1121 [viii] https://www.brightviewtechnologies.com / products / light-management / glare-control-diffusers/page.aspx?id=1132

References: [1] Zappe, H. (2012). Micro-optics: a micro-tutorial. Advanced Optical Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 3; pp. 117-126; [2] Reinhard Völkel (2012). Wafer-scale micro-optics fabrication. Advanced Optical Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 3; pp. 135-150 [3] T. Zhou, X. Liu, Z. Liang, y. Liu, J. Xie and X. Wang (2017). Recent advancements in optical microstructure fabrication through glass molding process, Front. Mech. Eng. Vol. 12, No. 1; pp. 46-65 [4] Hutley, M, Stevens R. and Daly, D (1991). Microlens arrays, Physics World, 4 (7), pp. 27-32 [5] Reinhard Völkel, Hans Peter Herzig, Philippe Nussbaum, Rene Dandliker and William B. Hugle (1996). Microlens array imaging system for photolithography, Opt. Eng. 35 (11), pp. 3323 3330 [6] Tingxiu Hou, Chong Zheng, Shi Bai, Qian Ma, Denzel Bridges, Anming Hu, and W. W. Duley. Fabrication, characterization, and applications of microlenses, Appl. Opt. 54, 7366-7376 (2015) [7] https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/industrial-manufacturing-us/display-enhancement-and-protection-films-industrial-manufacturing/ display-enhancement-films/ [8] Ruidong Zhu, Qi Hong, Yating Gao, Zhenyue Luo, Shin-Tson Wu, Ming-Chun Li, Seok-Lyul Lee, and Wen-Ching Tsai (2015). Tailoring the light distribution of liquid crystal display with freeform engineered diffuser, Opt. Express Vol. 23, No. 11; pp. 14070-14084 [9] James Gourlay (2015). Making Light Work Light Sources for Modern Lighting Requirements, LED Professional Review, Issue 47; pp. 72-75 [10] Hyun Soo Kim, Seong Il Moon, Dong Eui Hwang, Ki Won Jeong, Chang Kyo Kim, Dae-Gyu Moon Chinsoo Hong (2016). Novel fabrication method of microlens arrays with High OLED outcoupling efficiency, Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 77; pp. 104-110 [11] Jui-Wen Pan, Chih-Ming Wang, Hsiao-Chin Lan, Wen-Shin Sun, and Jenq-Yang Chang (2007). Homogenized LED-illumination using microlens arrays for a pocket-sized projector, Opt. Express Vol. 15, No. 17; p. 10483 [12] https://www.brightviewtechnologies.com/ [13] K. Reutter, O. Fernandez, R. Ferrini, C. Hochfilzer and T. Dreyfus, OPTICAL FILM AND LIGHT FIXTURE WITH SUCH AN OPTICAL FILM; WO2017050929 (A1) ― 2017-03-30 [14] Selin Ashaboglu, Object of the Moment: 3M Daylight Redirecting Film by 3M, Architectural lighting, daylighting and solar control, March 02 (2017). Available on-line: https://www.archlighting.com/products/daylighting-and-solar-control/ object-of-the-moment-3m-daylight-redirecting-film-by-3m_s

[15] Helmut F.O. Mueller (2017). Micro-optical structures for daylighting and led systems, Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain. Vol. 2, No. 29; DOI: 10.1051/rees/2017044 [16] New World Record for Concentrator Photovoltaics 36.7 Percent for New Solar Module Using Highly Efficient Multi-Junction Solar Cells. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/press-releases/2014/new-world-record-for-concentrator-photovoltaics.html [17] V. Bardinal, T. Camps, B. Reig, D. Barat, E. Daran and J. B. Doucet (2011). Collective Micro-Optics Technologies for VCSEL Photonic Integration, Advances in Optical Technologies, Article ID 609643, 11 pages; doi:10.1155/2011/609643 [18] http://hamamatsu.magnet.fsu.edu/articles/microlensarray.html [19] Leica announces M10 with new sensor, slimmer design, DPReview. Available online: https://www.dpreview.com/news/8915550991/ leica-announces-m10-with-new-sensor-slimmer-design [20] N. F. Borelli (2005), Microoptics Technology, Marcel Dekker [21] Reinhard Voelkl, Andreas Bich and Kenneth J. Weible and Maik Zimmermann (2008). Highly efficient array generators based on modern micro optics. Dimensionally accurate micro optics, Optolines No. 16; pp.12-14 [22] Boswell, B., Islam, M.N. & Davies I.J (2018). A review of micro-mechanical cutting, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 94: 789 [23] Svyatoslav Voloshynovskiy, Maurits Diephuis, Taras Holotyak, and Nabil Standardo (2014). Physical object identification using microstructure images, SPIE Newsroom. DOI: 10.1117/2.1201411.005524 [24] S. Palm (2012). Micro-optics technology for ID applications. Promising overt banknote security feature for use in secure documents, Keesing Journal of Documents & Identity, June 2012, pp. 1-3. [25] Richard A. Steenblik, Mark J. Hurt, Michael E. Knotts (2002). Advantages of micro-optics over holograms for document authentication, Proceedings Volume 4677, Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques IV [26] http://www.fresnelsinc.com/products.html [27] P. Benitez and J. C. Miñano. The Future of Illumination Design, OPN May 2007 pp.20-25 [28] Fabian Duerr, Youri Meuret, and Hugo Thienpont. Potential benefits of free-form optics in on-axis imaging applications with high aspect ratio, Opt. Express 21, 31072-31081 (2013) [29] E. Chen, R. Wu and T. Guo (2014). Design a freeform microlens array module for any arbitrary-shape collimated beam shaping and color mixing, Optics Communications 321; pp. 78 85 [30] Kevin P. Thompson and Jannick P. Rolland (2012). Freeform Optical Surfaces: A Revolution in Imaging Optical Design, Optics & Photonics News Vol. 23, No. 6; pp. 30-35 [31] L. Li and A. Y. Yi (2011). Design and fabrication of a freeform microlens array for uniform beam shaping, Microsyst. Technol., 17:1713 1720; DOI 10.1007/s00542-011-1359-y [32] F.Z. Fang, X.D. Zhang, A. Weckenmann, G.X. Zhang, C. Evans (2013). Manufacturing and measurement of freeform optics, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 62, pp. 823 846 [33] Fang, F., Zhang, N. & Zhang, X. (2016). Precision injection molding of freeform optics. Advanced Optical Technologies, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 303-324; doi:10.1515/aot-2016-0033 [34] Jingfei Ye, Lu Chen, Xinhua Li, Qun Yuan, Zhishan Gao (2017). Review of optical freeform surface representation technique and its application, Optical Engineering, Vol. 56, No. 11; p. 110901 [35] Timmo Gissibl, Simon Thiele, Alois Herkommer and Harald Giessen (2016). Sub-micrometer accurate free-form optics by three- dimensional printing on single-mode fibres, Nature Communications 7, article number: 11763 [36] A. Broemel, U. Lippmann and H. Gross (2017). Freeform surface descriptions part I: Mathematical representations, Adv. Opt. Techn. Vol. 6, No. 5; pp. 327-336 [37] Tasso RM Sales, Stephen Chakmakjian, G. Michael Morris and Donald J. Schertler (2004), Light Tamers. Engineered microlens arrays provide new control for display and lighting applications, Photonics Spectra, June Issue. Available on-line: https://www.rpcphotonics. com/pdfs/Light_Tamers.pdf [38] Lei Li and Allen Y. Yi (2012). Design and fabrication of a freeform microlens array for a compact large-field-of-view compound-eye camera, Appl. Opt. Vol. 51; pp. 1843-1852 [39] Hao Zhang, Lei Li, David L. McCray, Sebastian Scheiding, Neil J. Naples, Andreas Gebhardt, Stefan Risse, Ramona Eberhardt, Andreas Tunnermann and Allen Y. Yi (2013). Development of a low cost high precision three-layer 3D artificial compound eye, Opt. Express, Vol. 21, No. 19; DOI:10.1364/OE.21.022232 [40] J. Dunkel, F. Wippermann, A. Reimann, A. Brückner and A. Bräuer (2015). Fabrication of microoptical freeform arrays on wafer level for imaging applications, Opt. Express, | Vol. 23, No. 25 | DOI:10.1364/OE.23.031915 [41] Simon Thiele, Kathrin Arzenbacher, Timo Gissibl, Harald Giessen, Alois M. Herkommer (2017). 3D-printed eagle eye: Compound microlens system for foveated imaging, Sci. Adv.2017; 3 e1602655 15 [42] Nikhil Balram and Ivana Tošić (2016). Light-Field Imaging and Display Systems, Information Display Vol. 32, No. 4; pp. 6-13 [43] http://www.fovi3d.com/ [44] Bader Aldalali, Chenhui Li, Li Zhang and Hongrui Jiang (2012). Micro Cameras Capable of Multiple Viewpoint Imaging Utilizing Photoresist Microlens Arrays, J. Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 21, No. 4; pp. 945-952 [45] W. Yuan, L‑H. Li, W‑B. Lee and C‑Y Chan (2018). Fabrication of Microlens Array and Its Application: A Review, J. Mech. Eng. 31:16; https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-018-0204-y [46] H. Hua and B. Javidi (2015). Augmented Reality: Easy on the eyes (2015), Optics & Photonics News, Vol. 26, No.2; pp. 26-33 [47] S. Singh, H. Solak, and F. Cerrina (1996). Multilayer roughness and image formation in the Schwarzschild objective, Review of Scientific Instruments Vol. 67, No. 9; pp. 3355 - 3355; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147374

RESEARCH ELECTRICAL, PHOTOMETRIC & THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS 50 Thermal and Optical Challenges for SSL in Automotive Applications

Solid State Lighting changed the lighting environment in automotive lighting almost more than in the field of general lighting. While efficiency of the devices increased and every few weeks new improvements are reported, thermal management remains crucial and a critical part of the system. Umut Zeynep Uras, Ahmet Mete Muslu and Mehmet Arik, from the Energy Efficient Electronics and Lighting Technologies Center (EVATEG), Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering at Ozyegin University, and Fatih Goren from the FARBA Corporation, explain the dependencies between photometric, electrical and thermal parameters of an automotive lighting application.

Automotive lighting experienced thermal parameters of an Introduction a major shift during the last automotive lighting application Today's automotive lighting systems decade due to inherent is presented. It is found that basically include headlamp and rear advantages of Solid State novel thermal and optical lamp lighting systems whose Lighting (SSL) products. technologies are necessary development have continued over Light emitting diodes (LEDs), to reach next generation the last few decades. Headlamps' a frontline runner for SSL lighting systems for automotive performance has been progressively technologies offer a wide color lighting applications. improved throughout the series of gamut, exceptional energy developments. Acetylene or oil were efficiency and affordability. used to run the earliest headlamps However, their implementation which were developed in the late poses some challenges for 1880s. Then, a game changer practical applications. headlamp technology, the first Photometric, electrical and electric headlamp, was released thermal properties of LEDs are to the market in 1898 [1]. highly interrelated. Therefore, After technology progressed over while a lighting system is more than half a century, the first designed, those interrelated halogen lamp (H1) for use in vehicles parameters of the system as a headlamp was eventually should be carefully considered presented in 1962. After that, to achieve desired performance headlamps running unique light metrics. Luminous efficacy of sources started to appear in Europe LED systems is highly sensitive [2,3]. One of these lighting sources, to junction temperature of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs), LEDs because optical output is effectively used today in automotive of the LEDs changes with headlamp applications as they have temperature. Therefore, undergone rapid development since designers should consider the 2004. In fact, the first full-LED dependency between electrical, headlamp was utilized on Audi R8 photometric and thermal sports car [4]. These days, quantities to achieve optimal advances in LED automotive lighting performance. In this study, have been progressively changed dependency between from high class car models to photometric, electrical and middle class models [5].

Figure 1: In fact, LED technology offers Some examples of LED significant advantages in energy automotive exterior efficiency, lifetime, reliability and lighting products design in automotive lighting produced by FARBA Corporation for AUDI compared to conventional lighting A8L (upper left), system [6,7]. The use of LED light Volkswagen Touareg sources in automotive lighting is (upper right) and Mercedes E-Class especially important in terms of Coupe (lower) safety concerns since they react very quickly to electrical warnings. The lit time of an LED lamp is less than a standard bulb's in the order of milliseconds so that it makes a significant difference in braking distance when the vehicle is operated at a high speed [8]. One of the recent projections estimates that 20% of front headlights of light vehicles will be powered by LED products by 2030 compared to 2% in 2015 [9]. In fact, predictions show that LED headlamp sector will get bigger at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20% and dominate lighting technology. The expanded use of LEDs in front lighting applications is led by Europe and Japan where the LED penetration is expected to be 36% and 45% respectively by 2030 but it was only about 4% and 6% in these regions in 2015 [10]. (headlamps) and back (rear lamps) the current integration of an LED In addition to upper segment lighting systems respectively [14,15]. matrix on LCD systems offer new vehicles, LED systems have also While novel matrix systems, laser opportunities to reach a resolution started to appear in lower segments headlamps, LCDs and digital at approximately 50000 pixels. recently. The inclusion of LEDs in micro-mirror devices (DMD) are the Furthermore, digital micro-mirror automotive lighting is expected to rising trends in future headlamp devices (DMDs) are systems that be even more when the emerging systems, integration of OLEDs and can focus light to a certain point by trends in autonomous vehicles, Micro Lens Arrays (MLAs) into rear electronically moving hundreds of internet of things and visible light lamp systems is also intended for thousands of micron-level mirrors. communication are considered future applications. Considering the Each microscopic mirror over the [11,12,13]. Since LED technology trends in front lighting, today's surface represents the pixel of an brings great advantages due to its matrix systems are only utilized as image and they can be rotated by semiconductor nature, it will play a a high beam function and still ±10-12° to ON or OFF state. In the significant role in many fields. improved. The matrix systems in ON state, the pixel is made bright on Cutting-edge technologies including future applications, however, the screen as the lens is exposed to AFS, ADB, glare free high beam, will combine the low and high beam the reflected light from the light automatic leveling and matrix beam functions. Thus, they will be able to source and it is made dark in the are all based on LED light sources adapt to driving conditions using a OFF state when the light is and they are successful in simpler structure. This will allow forwarded to another field [18]. illuminating a certain area effectively. switching between high and low Since recent systems include beams through sensors according In addition to front lighting, there are electronics systems with improved to the incoming traffic data [16]. also various ideas that make capabilities, technological LCD systems with a number of LED scientists and engineers eager to advancements in automotive lighting chips and micro-optics are also improve back lighting in the is typically classified as 'digital integrated into the headlights as automotive industry. First, OLEDs lighting' today. they can enable high-definition are utilized only in signaling illumination. Although the use of functions today in automotive The trends in automotive exterior an LCD to obtain an adaptive lighting since they have much lower lighting can be grouped under front headlamp is first offered in 1989 [17], luminance than LEDs. Therefore,

Table 1: a range of 30° to 120°C. The optical Power consumption LED temperature Electrical Heat of a typical LED over (°C) Voltage (V) Current (A) power (W) generation (W) conversion efficiency was a PCB of a Daytime determined as 27.45% [8]. Running Lamp (DRL) 30 3.005 0.264 0.793 0.5753 The resulting elevated temperatures 50 2.946 0.265 0.782 0.5674 of LEDs do not only cause reduced 70 2.893 0.267 0.772 0.5599 lifetime but also lead to a significant drop in the amount of generated 100 2.821 0.269 0.760 0.5513 light and optical efficiency. In fact, the dependency of optical, 120 2.777 0.271 0.752 0.5453 electrical and thermal characteristics of LEDs needs to be addressed for Figure 2: FR4 based LED light the integration of these novel engine LEDs' side (a), technologies to the current electronics' side (b) applications. Thus, this study focuses on determining the relationship between optical, electrical and thermal traits of LEDs for automotive applications.

In this study, a test board with multiple amber and red LEDs is designed and manufactured to mimic an automotive LED lighting PCB. This LED light engine with a conventional flex FR4 based PCB is used to understand the relationship between optical, electrical and thermal characteristics of red and amber LEDs. Usually an FR4 LED Figure 3: Experimental light engine is used in an exterior setup for electrical rear lighting system of automobile. measurements It has a double-sided structure having electronics at the front and LEDs at the back side (Figure 2). Identical FR4 flex PCBs with a thickness of 200 μm are attached to FR4 substrate with the dimensions of 66x80x2.75 mm. There are 10 red LEDs and 6 amber LEDs at the front side and driver electronics exist at the back side of the engine.

FR4 based LED light engines are driven at 6 different power levels. First, only red LEDs are driven at six different input electrical powers between 0.5 and 3W. Then, researchers are paying attention to Although these technologies are only amber LEDs are separately the increase of lumen output of under development for future driven at the same input powers. OLEDs for future applications. applications, optothermal problems In order to determine the input power Furthermore, although micro lens and reliability issues associated with of the LEDs, electrical measurements arrays (MLAs) have been currently them arises because of high power are conducted with a digital used in various entertainment units conditions over a limited space. oscilloscope. There are two of micro-projectors, they can also Table 1 shows the consumed branches in parallel for the electrical be utilized in projecting light in the electrical power and generated connection of red LEDs and serially shape of certain signs or warnings thermal power values of a typical connected five red LED chips are on the road or pedestrian walk LED over a PCB of a Daytime placed at each branch. Six amber surface and this could bring a lot Running Lamp (DRL) measured at LED chips, however, are connected of benefits in traffic. various LED solder temperatures in in series in the SIGNAL branch.

Figure 4: FR4 based LED light engine is Change in electrical connected to a power supply with input power of red position, stop and ground cables. and amber LEDs Both differential and current probes with respect to total electrical input power are connected to an oscilloscope to PCB for this measurement. Thus, voltage difference across one of the branches and electrical current passing through that branch are determined. The setup for electrical measurements of LEDs is given in Figure 3.

The measurements were conducted for various power levels in the range of 0.5 W and 3 W. As it is noticed in figure 4, the growth of electrical Figure 5: input power of both LEDs decreases IR thermal images of and its ratio to total input power the LED light engines decreases as the LEDs are driven when electrical input at higher electrical power levels. power of red LEDs is (a) 396 mW, At the lowest total input power of (b) 737 mW, the circuit, 80% of this power (c) 879 mW, (494.5 mW) is supplied to red LEDs (d) 931 mW, (e) 968 mW & while only 33.5% of total input (f) 997 mW power is given to the same LED at the highest input power. A similar case is also observed for the amber LEDs. As 91.2% of total input energy is provided to the amber LED at the minimum power level, it reduces to 64.5% when the input power is elevated to the highest level.

Figure 6: In addition, thermal experiments IR thermal images of were conducted for each LED color the LED light engines and power condition to observe the when electrical input change in thermal characteristics power of amber LEDs (a) 433 mW, of the LED light engine. Red LEDs (b) 907 mW, and amber LEDs were separately (c) 1284 mW, operated in two cases for six (d) 1606 mW, (e) 1835 mW & different power conditions. (f) 1929 mW Total input powers supplied to the LED light engine in these experiments were 500 mW, 1000 mW, 1500 mW, 2000 mW, 2500 mW and 3000 mW. While input power provided to only red LEDs were 396 mW, 737 mW, 879 mW, 931 mW, 968 mW and 997 mW, they were 433 mW, 907 mW, 1284 mW, 1606 mW, operated to drive red LEDs are hot spots over the red LEDs 1835 mW and 1929 mW for given in figures 5c, 5d, 5e, and 5f, become more critical as input power amber LEDs. electronics in charge of driving increases. Temperature of the amber LEDs are located on the right-hand side of the LED light IR thermal images of the FR4 based right-hand side of the electronics engine where LED1, LED2, LED3, LED light engine at different input side of the engine which LED4 and LED5 are placed is higher power levels are presented for red corresponds to the left-hand side and several local hot spots are and amber LEDs in figures 5 and 6 of the LEDs' side of the engine. observed over these LEDs. Thus, respectively. While electronics As it is indicated in figure 5, nonuniform temperature distribution

is experienced over the LED light temperature of the red LED 6, 7, 8, Figure 9 shows the maximum engine. On the other hand, local hot 9 and 10 and all amber LEDs. temperature of red and amber LEDs. spot firstly forms around amber However, maximum temperature While x-axis shows total heat LEDs as seen in figure 6. It can be of certain red LEDs (LED 1, 2, 3, 4, generation of red and amber LEDs, inferred from the figure that hot and 5) and amber LEDs (LED 15 which is calculated as the difference spots expand to surrounding of and 16) exhibits a sharp increase of total input power of the LEDs and these LEDs as input power starts after a specific input power value. total radiant flux of the LEDs, to increase. In the last two This happens after the second y-axis shows the change in experiments, temperature of the lowest input power level around temperature of LED 2 and LED 12, left-hand side became higher and 737 mW for red LEDs and the which reach the highest surface local hot spots appeared more second highest input level around temperature among ten red and six explicitly over LEDs 12, 15 and 16. 1835 mW for amber LEDs due amber LEDs respectively. In addition to the heat dissipation from the to the supplied electrical power on Maximum temperatures of red and electronics at the back side. It is LEDs, heat conduction from amber LEDs at six different power also noticed that the slopes of operated electronics also led to a conditions are presented in figures 7 the first 5 red LEDs are approximately temperature rise of LED 2 and LED and 8 respectively. A linear increase twice of the slopes of the other 12. Therefore, the increasing rate of is observed in maximum 5 LEDs. the maximum LED temperature is more than total heat generation's. Figure 7: Maximum temperatures of red LEDs at different electrical input powers Optical Measurements After electrical and thermal experiments, optical experiments were conducted on the same LED light engine to determine photometric and radiometric characteristics of the light engine. Optical experiments were conducted on FR4 based LED light engine with FR4 flex PCB at various power conditions. Optical spectrum of red and amber LEDs at the given Figure 8: Maximum temperatures power conditions are presented in of amber LEDs at figures 10 and 11 respectively. different electrical It is seen that peak wavelength input powers shifts towards the right due to an increase in the input power and bandgap energy shrinkage. In fact, bandgap energy is temperature dependent because of electron-phonon interactions and lattice vibrations [19].

During red LED tests, as total input power supplied to LED light engine is elevated by 2.5 W, Figure 9: Maximum LED peak wavelength shifts by 4 nm. temperature with On the other hand, as the input respect to total heat power of amber LEDs is raised from generation of red and 0.5 W to 2 W, peak wavelength amber LEDs shifts right by 6 nm and radiant flux at peak wavelength rises by 1.7 mW. When the input power of amber LEDs is altered from 2 W to 4 W, peak wavelength shifts right by 3 nm and radiant flux at peak wavelength drops by 0.8 mW. Therefore, the efficiency decrease can be inferred from the drop in relative radiant flux.

RESEARCH ELECTRICAL, PHOTOMETRIC & THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS 56

Figure 10: Flux spectrum of peak wavelength accelerates at red LEDs at various the highest power condition. electrical power conditions Radiant power change with respect to input power of the red and amber LEDs are presented in figure 13. Although there is a linear relationship between radiant flux and input power of red LEDs, radiant flux is raised by 2.5% as input power increases by 7% at the last three power conditions. However, after some point, radiant flux starts to decrease although input Figure 11: Flux spectrum of power increases. While input amber LEDs at various power of amber LEDs is elevated, electrical power junction temperature of the LEDs conditions also increases due to the ineffective thermal management of FR4 based LED light engine. Because of the rise in junction temperature, optical output of the LED drops in this case.

As input power of red LEDs increases from 395.5 mW to 996.5 mW, luminous efficacy decreases by 13.6 lm/W as seen Figure 12: Change in peak in figure 14. A sharp fall in luminous wavelength with efficacy is experienced in the last respect to electrical case compared to the first five input power of red and cases since junction temperature amber LEDs rises more at higher driving currents. On the other hand, as input power of amber LEDs increases from 432.8 mW to 1928.5 mW, luminous efficacy decreases by 24.6 lm/W. Until the fourth experimental case, luminous efficacy increases slowly, after that it starts to decrease with a positive acceleration. The fall in the luminous Figure 13: Variation of radiant flux causes a decrease in luminous power with electrical efficacy. As a result, the power input power of red and level of 1600 mW is critical for amber LEDs amber LEDs.

Results and Discussions Thermo-electro-photometric relationship is developed for red and amber LEDs for an automotive exterior lighting system. Discussion for thermo-electro-photometric relationship begins with red LEDs and continues with the amber LEDs. Figure 12 demonstrates the peak LEDs accelerates after the third As it is suggested in figure 15, wavelength increment with respect lowest power condition due to heat generation of both red and to input electrical power of the junction temperature elevation. amber LEDs increases linearly LEDs. Peak wavelength rise of red In amber LEDs, the increase in as input LED power is elevated.

Figure 14: However, due to the additional effect Change in luminous of heat generation of the electronics, efficacy with respect to maximum LED temperatures of red electrical input power and amber LEDs rise growingly. of red and amber LEDs

Figure 16 shows the change in luminous flux with respect to input power of red and amber LEDs. It is noticed that luminous flux of red LEDs does not change significantly when input LED power exceeds 879 mW while luminous flux of the amber LEDs starts to decrease after the input LED power of 1606.1 mW. Figure 15: Thus, driving LEDs with the input Change in total powers after certain point is heat generation ineffective for automotive lighting and maximum LED systems. A similar trend is observed temperature with respect to input for both LEDs in the change of electrical power luminous flux and maximum LED temperature with respect to input LED power. An inverse relationship between junction temperature and luminous flux can be inferred from the graph. As it is also shown in the graph, the increasing rate of the maximum temperature slightly rises at the last power condition. Figure 16: Change in luminous flux As it is experimentally observed, of LEDs and maximum input electrical power is converted LED temperature with to radiant energy and heat respect to electrical input power generation. The amount of heat generation varies depending on the performance of cooling technologies in lighting systems. Figure 17 indicates the change in radiant flux and heat generation of red and amber LEDs with respect to LED electrical power. When input power of red LEDs is 395.5 mW, 43% of the electrical power turns into Figure 17: radiant flux. However, if it is raised to Amount of heat 996.5 mW, 37% of the electrical generation and radiant power is converted into radiant flux. flux of LEDs at various In the case of amber LEDs, driving conditions when the input power of the amber LEDs is 432.8 mW, 12% of the electrical power turns into radiant flux. On the other hand, if it is elevated to 1928.5 mW, only 5% of the electrical power results in radiant flux. Consequently, the conversion rate of the red and amber LEDs decreases by 6% and 7% respectively because of the increase in junction temperature. temperature in figure 18. While maximum temperature A relationship between maximum increases, the conversion rate of the The conversion rate is presented surface temperature of an LED and LED decreases. This correlation is with respect to maximum LED the conversion rate is developed. generated for a multi-chip LED

Figure 18: Relation between presented a number of thermal, maximum LED electrical and optical challenges temperature and for automotive lighting applications. conversion rate for It is found that LEDs with over amber LEDs 5x efficiency and 8x lifetime expectancy compared to conventional lighting products, will quickly replace conventional automotive lighting products. However, cost is still a burden and slows the penetration. While high end vehicles started quickly adapting these technologies, there is still some room for improvement of those products. board and it is assumed that all Summary and Conclusions High junction temperature, LEDs have identical radiant power LEDs are now widely accepted for optical distribution problems, and LED temperature. However, a large number of applications glare over other drivers and due to nonuniform heat distribution, from general lighting to displays, pedestrians, lifetime and electronics LEDs may have different radiant flux automotive lighting to horticultural packaging at compact volumes still and temperatures. use. In this study, we have pose challenges for the industry.

Acknowledgement: Authors thank to EVATEG Center at Ozyegin University for enabling the use of computational and experimental facilities as well as FARBA Corporation for providing test samples for the experimental studies.

References: [1] Georgano, G. N. (2002). "Cars: Early and Vintage", 1886-1930 (A World of Wheels Series), Mason Crest, ISBN 978-1-59084-491-5 [2] Moore, D. W., 1998, "Headlamp History and Harmonization", University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute [3] Grueninger., W., 2010, "The Difference Between US and European Lights". [Online] Available: www.motivemag.com/pub/feature/tech/ Motive_Tech_The_Difference_Between_US_and_European_Lights.shtml. [4] Hanlon, M., (2009, January 4), "Audi R8 V10 becomes first all-LED car", [Online] Available: "newatlas.com/ audi-r8-v10-becomes-first-all-led-car/10655" [5] TrendForce, 2014, "LED Manufacturers Will Uplift the Technology Entry Level and Find New Applications in Hopes to Raise Profitability in 2015", Press Release. [Online] Available: "press.trendforce.com/press/20141215-1761" [6] Kovac, J., Peternai, L., and Lengyel O., 2003, "Advanced light emitting diodes structures for optoelectronic applications", Thin Solid Films, Elsevier, Volume 433, Issues 1-2, pp. 22-26 [7] Eichhorn K., 2006, "LEDs in automotive lighting", Proc. SPIE 6134, Light Emitting Diodes: Research Manufacturing, and Applications X, Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2006, San Jose, California, United States [8] Özdil, İ., 2015, "Otomotiv Aydınlatma Sistemlerinde Kullanılan LED'li Elektronik Devre Kartlarının Hesaplamalı Isıl Analizi" Master Thesis, Uludağ University Institute of Science and Technology, Mechanical Engineering [9] Driving Vision News (DVN), 2016, "LED Headlamps: 20% by '30?", [Online] Available: "www.drivingvisionnews.com/news/lighting/74" [10] Roberts, G., 2016, "LED headlights forecast to be on one in five cars by 2030 just auto's QUBE", QUBE - accurate lighting sector insights [11] Florentine, E., Andersen, H., Ang, M. A., Pendleton, S. D., Fu, G. M. J, and Ang, M. H. Jr., 2015, "Self-Driving Vehicle Acknowledgement of Pedestrian Presence Conveyed via Light-emitting Diodes", Humanoid Nanotechnology Information Technology Communication and Control Environment and Management (HNICEM) International Conference on. IEEE, pp. 1-6, 2015 [12] Arik, M., and Uras, U.Z, 2017, "Thermal Issues Posed by Compact Packaging and IoT for Next Generation SSL", LED Professional, LpR64 Nov/Dec 2017, pp. 44 [13] Chi, N., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, X., and Lu, X., 2014, "Ultra-high-speed single red-green-blue light-emitting diode-based visible light communication system utilizing advanced modulation formats," Chin. Opt. Lett. 12, 010605 [14] Driving Vision News (DVN), 2014, "The Future of Automotive Lighting", Paris: DVN [15] Driving Vision News (DVN), 2016, "The Future of Automotive Lighting Report", Frankfurt: DVN [16] Valeo Service, 2018, "Valeo Matrix Beam Headlights Provide Better Visibility Without Blinding Oncoming Drivers", [Online] Available: "www.valeoservice.com/en-com/newsroom/valeo-matrix-beam-headlights-provide-better-visibility-without-blinding-oncoming-drivers" [17] Khanh, T.Q, 2015, in Proc. 11th International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Volume 16, p. 499 [18] Lee, B., 2018, "Introduction to ±12 Degree Orthogonal Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs)", Texas Instruments, DLPA008B July 2008 Revised February 2018 [19] Jing, W., Yumei, W., Ping, L. and Sanshan W., 2016, "Junction-temperature estimation in AlGaInP light-emitting diodes using the luminescence spectra method", Journal of Semiconductors, Vol.37, No.6, pp. 064010

TECHNOLOGIESCATEGORY DC GRIDS 60 LED Lighting Systems in Smart Buildings with DC Microgrids

While electric motors for ventilation and air-conditioning systems were already DC-based in the past, powerful IT systems, LED lighting systems, photovoltaic systems with batteries and charging systems for electro mobility are now increasingly being used in modern building environments. They all need direct current (DC). Therefore, an obvious step is to equip modern buildings with DC grids. Carsten Moellers from Abalight discusses a number of unresolved questions and presents possible solutions in this article.

The conditions of energy vice versa (DC-AC-DC). In together with VDE and experts, generation and its use in the recent years there have been has addressed these questions context of modern buildings various investigations [1], and summarized the have been facing major field trials and successfully corresponding recommendations change in recent years. realised projects in Europe, for action and use cases for North America, Japan and various applications in the This development is being China. The reduction of German standardization driven by increasingly conversion losses and reactive roadmap for direct current in decentralised energy generation power as well as a more low-voltage grids (LVDC) [3]. and storage. Photovoltaic efficient transmission have systems and batteries, as well resulted in energetic savings of as storage systems play an 5-10% [2], and even up to 30% important role in this, as do fuel depending on the application. cells, all of which generate In addition, direct current grids direct current (DC). On the contribute to improvements in demand side, the importance network quality (backlash due of DC appliances is increasing. to harmonics) and enable While electric motors for genuine uninterrupted operation ventilation and air-conditioning when switching to UPS systems. systems were DC-based in the past, powerful IT systems, In the course of these projects, LED lighting systems and, last however, a number of but not least, charging systems unresolved questions have for electromobility are now emerged, in particular with increasingly being used; regard to safety and protection these are all demands that concepts, not least as a result are best supplied directly with of the fact that over the past direct current (DC). 100 years, empirical experience has been gained in dealing with Therefore, it is an obvious step alternating current grids in to equip modern buildings with buildings, but less in dealing direct current grids and to save with direct current grids. energy losses during the The DKE German Commission conversion from direct current for Electrical, Electronic & to alternating current (AC) or Information Technologies,

Figure 1: DC Microgrid example for a commercial building

Smart Microgrids What exactly could such a DC grid The various loads can be connected Especially, in the self-use of (DC microgrid) look like, for example, directly to the 380 V DC distribution renewable energies, there is a for commercial buildings (Figure 1)? network or via a step-down DC-DC necessity to improve the Instead of equipping many devices converter (see also IEC 61204-6) via coordination of energy generation with individual rectifiers, as is the a reduced voltage of 12, 24 or 48 V and use of time- and intensity- case today, the alternating current DC, for example. Such voltages are variable consumers (Demand Side grid is connected via a central common in various industries such Management DSM). This is achieved rectifier with mains filter. The PV as aviation, railways, shipbuilding by so-called Smart Microgrids, system, the battery storage system and vehicle construction where they in which a central or decentralized and the fast-charging system for have been tried and tested and control takes over load and E-mobility are then also connected standardized for many years. storage management by means of to this DC grid. Different topologies Since 48 V DC is still in the range IT-based communication. Such an can be used for this. Control can be of safety extra-low voltage and, infrastructure can also be used provided via a DC grid manager. compared to 12 or 24 V, enables across the board for the Smart smaller line cross-sections and Building. With sensors and lower line losses, this standard is actuators, the Smart Building is able not only establishing itself in the to react to changing environmental lighting sector and has been defined conditions and user needs. Established Voltage by IEC/SEG 4 as the preferred Standards voltage level for low power ranges. The users increasingly arrive at Since data centers have a large the building by means of electric demand for direct current and This article therefore further focuses vehicles. Accumulators in these the highest demands on network on the application possibilities of the vehicles are also originally charged stability, they play a leading role in two preferred voltages of 380 V DC with DC. The acceptance of the development of standards for the high and 48 V DC for the electromobility will largely depend (see also EMerge Alliance). For the low power range in the lighting of on the charging infrastructure and first time, ETSI EN 300 132 3-2 commercially used buildings and charging times. Today, modern defines a voltage range of 260 to does not address other voltages, charging systems such as CCS 400 V DC for high power ranges. such as 216 V DC for emergency (IEC 62196-3), CHAdeMo or The standardization bodies and power systems for switchable Supercharger support fast charging Europe, North America, Japan and operation of 230 V AC (cf. DIN EN with DC (so-called charge mode 4). China finally agreed on 380 V as the 50171). The pertinent IEC standards provide reference voltage for the distribution for a current flow in both directions network in commercial buildings. and corresponding bidirectional The 380 V DC enable small line LVDC for Lighting Systems communication, enabling batteries cross-sections and are compatible First of all, it is obvious to supply the in connected vehicles to help for the connection of regenerative LED lighting systems used today compensate for load fluctuations energy sources, storage systems directly with 380 V DC and then in the future (in the case of the and charging systems for E-mobility. operate them with a step-down Combined Charging System, This standard has helped the DC-DC converter, which reduces this extended communication is industry to develop a wide range of the maximum output voltage and mandatory according to ISO 15118). components for the 380 V DC generates the usually required ecosystem. constant current. The advantage of

Figure 2: A distribution and cabling example for a shop lighting project with a mix of linear luminaires for 380 V DC (blue) and track- mounted luminaires for 48 V DC

this approach is that it can transmit The limitations of this approach At the same time, the extremely quite high powers with small line derive from the fact that the compact 48 V DC-DC converter cross-sections to any light spot. transmittable power is extremely meets the trend of miniaturization of The drawbacks are the high voltage limited due to the small cable LED luminaires. These converters up to each light spot and higher cross-sections and that relatively are available as small independent component costs at each light spot high power losses are incurred. In boards that can be easily integrated compared with converters for recent years, manufacturers and into luminaires or adapters, or are smaller input voltages. As the committees have increased the already integrated on LED boards, required power ratings of LED maximum power output of the PSE e.g. for standardized ZHAGA lighting systems become lower and from 15.4 watts to up to 40 watts formats (see also Vossloh-Schwabe lower compared to conventional over two line pairs (Class 5) and or Tyco Electronics). Such converters light sources due to their high from 60 to 100 watts over four can be designed without lifetime- efficiency, the reference voltage of line pairs (IEEE 802.3bt-2018). critical electrolytic capacitors 48 V DC for lower loads is becoming Nevertheless, the high power losses (drying out) of conventional increasingly important. involved contradict the basic idea of switching power supplies, which more efficient energy transmission significantly extend the maintenance One approach for LVDC through direct current networks. cycles of the distributed light spots. transmission is the Power over In addition, the first COB concepts Ethernet (PoE) method based A highly promising third approach are being developed that can be on IEEE 802.3. Here the data tries to compensate the operated directly with 48 V DC, cable designed for Ethernet disadvantages of the direct use of for example via integrated linear communication is used to 380 V DC and PoE. The 380 V DC is regulators without additional DC-DC simultaneously supply the loads transformed to 48 V DC at central converters (see Osram ConVoLED). (so-called Power Devices PD) with points (Point of Load Conversion) Due to the growing use of 48 V DC direct current via free or signal- and routed to the light points via also in other applications, such as carrying line pairs, as in this case sufficiently dimensioned lines, the on-board power supply of the LED lighting system. PoE low-voltage tracks or energy rails. modern automobiles and electric operates with a voltage range The constant current control of the vehicles (see VDA 320), a large of 37-57 V DC depending on LED luminaires can then be carried number of corresponding standard version and wire length, out via very compact DC-DC components are available at which means that it is not a 48 V DC converters in the 48 V DC input. low cost [4]. network in the narrow sense. With sufficiently dimensioned line Feed-in takes place via so-called cross-sections, powers of up to Practically, concepts can be used Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE), 1 KW can be transmitted. This in which LED lighting systems with which, in turn, can be supplied via dimension fits quite well to a 380 V DC power supply, PoE and the 380 V DC distribution network. practical number of LED luminaires 48 V DC can be optionally with typical power ratings. combined. Figure 2 shows a project The appeal of the PoE lies in its With regard to installation, it should for shop lighting with a mix of linear ability to map data communication be noted that the 48 V DC side luminaires for 380 V DC (blue) and with direct IP addressing and power operates within the safety extra-low track-mounted luminaires for 48 V DC. supply in the same infrastructure. voltage range.

Smart Solutions for LVDC DC supply concept, there are, Challenges However, this does not yet answer for example, 4-pole busbars Despite their many advantages, the question of how to control (see e.g. Eutrac Low Voltage) that DC systems also present luminaires and communication, permit DALI or other line-based challenges that should not remain for example in combination with communication such as 1-10 V unmentioned. These include, sensors, as represented by PoE or DMX. Corresponding compact in particular, technical challenges (see above). There are basically DC-DC converters with additional and still underdeveloped three possible concepts for control DALI inputs are also available on standardization. Both topics are and communication: communication the market. When implementing closely linked, since the industry can via live DC lines (Power Line the solutions in combination with only reliably address some technical Communication (PLC)), 48 V DC, it is important to note that challenges once certain gaps in communication via additional control the input of the compact DC-DC standardization have been closed lines (e.g. DALI) or radio-based converters is generally not designed or contradictions eliminated. communication (e.g. WiFi, ZigBee, for higher voltages, which could Bluetooth, EnOcean). principally be looped through via The greatest technical challenge is the DALI bus in the event of the danger of arcing due to the lack PLC is only regulated in the reverse polarity. of zero crossing of the DC voltage. frequency range from 3 to 148.5 KHz This danger occurs in particular by the EN 50061-1 standard to In recent years, radio-based when pulling a plug under load, protect against interference and communication standards for during switching and in the event ensure electromagnetic compatibility. lighting management systems (LMS) of insulation faults. From a voltage Further standardization of this and the Internet of Things (IoT) have of around 20 volts, the arc is no technology is lacking. Inevitably, become increasingly popular. longer self-extinguishing. As a as in other industries, only proprietary In addition to WiFi (IEEE 802.11), result, circuit breakers, cables, solutions such as Bits2Power or these are mainly low-power switches and plugs must meet DC-String (Tridonic) have emerged standards such as Thread or ZigBee special requirements. For this in the lighting industry in conjunction or ZigBee Green (IEEE 802.15.4), reason, connections without special with 48 V DC supply. In principle, Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) and precautions or conditions may only these solutions are structured in EnOcean (IEC 14543-3-10). be disconnected without load resp. such a way that a protocol such as Wireless solutions of this kind currentlessly plugged. The cables DALI, which is received at the complement a basic 48 V DC and conductors should be separately central converter for 48 V DC, supply very easily with lighting color-coded. For example, the new is converted to a PLC signal and control and sensors. IEC 60445:2018 stipulates red then communicates with the for the positive outer conductor, compact DC-DC converters of the EnOcean and ZigBee Green white for the negative outer individual luminaires. Currently these even allow Micro Energy conductor and pink for the solutions do not support the supply Harvesting (MEH), eliminating functional grounding conductor. of the central 48 V DC converter the need for switch actuators with 380 V DC input voltage but to be powered and allowing them Studies on corresponding only with 230 V AC. to be placed wirelessly. faults show that the vast majority of arc faults are due to faults DALI has proven to be a digital Since radio-based solutions are in the grounding concept standard (EN 62386) for line-based already finding their way into (cf. IEEE Std 493-2007). Therefore, lighting control based on the Smart Buildings, they can be the grounding concept is of Manchester protocol. Special features used for comprehensive event- particular importance in the context of the DALI bus are that the two based building automation at the of direct current systems. ETSI EN DALI control lines require basic field level. Typically, the different 301 605 describes two permissible insulation and can therefore be laid systems at the field level are then grounding concepts for direct together with the current-carrying merged via an IP backbone current systems: the IT system 230 V AC cores in one cable, (e.g. BACnet-IP) at the automation and the TN-S system. the DALI control line can supply level (BACnet explicitly stipulates power to sensors and actuators the ZigBee protocol as the At LVDC, the TN-S system operates (max. 20 mA per consumer) and communication layer at the field with an earthed minus to the central the system is protected against level). The management level grounding point (CGP) and polarity reversal. The DALI bus can be mapped via BACnet protection is normally provided by itself operates with 250 mA and (see DIN EN ISO 16484-5), the switch-off conditions of the max. 22.5 V DC, but the DALI inputs via other building management overcurrent protection devices, must be designed for 230 V due to standards such as oBIX or via unless there is a comparatively the risk of reverse polarity with the general automation standard complex residual current monitoring conventional AC inputs. For the 48 V OPC-UA (IEC 62541). RCM (according to DIN EN 62020).

Therefore, the TN-S system without Outlook With the integration of smart IoT residual current monitoring is only The European Union has solutions, the LED luminaires can used in applications where system recognized both the limited be used to determine real-time availability requirements are not availability of fossil fuel resources location-based data using a wide particularly high. and the dangers posed to our variety of sensors. LED luminaires

civilization from the CO2 induced can be ideally combined with Conversely, in the IT system, greenhouse effect. Since renewable sensors, as they are typically placed the first error is only reported by energy sources are comparatively in locations suitable for sensors the Insulation Monitoring Device expensive, the silver bullet lies in while the LEDs are DC-powered IMD (DIN EN 61557-8). Only then increasing energy efficiency. anyway. The data obtained can is grounding produced as in the It meets this requirement with be used for a variety of purposes TN-S system, whereby the so-called the 2010/31/EU Directive such as energy optimization, High Resistance Midpoint (Energy Performance of Buildings simplification of facility Grounding HRMG is preferred EPBD) in the area of standards management, individualization of for direct current systems. for new buildings and thus lighting portfolio, management of This means that the IT system prescribes Nearly Zero Energy resources or improvement of the can continue to operate safely Building (NZEB) from 2021. user experience in a building after the first fault has occurred, (Indoor Location Services). which is particularly favorable, In the course of the amendment for example, in IT, the process EPBD 2018 (2018/844/EU) further In addition to the integration of industry or railways. Electro- objectives were also set for the renewable energies and storage mechanical all-pole switches have energetic restoration of existing systems as well as charging proven highly effective for the IT buildings, the intelligence of systems for electric mobility, system in conjunction with LVDC. technical building systems to adapt LVDC offers another advantage: to user requirements and optimize the solution contributes to improving As far as standardization is overall efficiency and the provision grid stability. This aspect should not concerned, it should be pointed of charging infrastructure for be underestimated, considering the out that there are specific electro mobility. increasing problems with the standards for a large number contamination of AC grids. of DC applications, which, LED lighting systems already however, are not designed for contribute to saving energy and Given this background, an increased building installation. In principle, improving the CO² balance. use of LVDC systems together with the construction of DC networks Further potential savings can be LED lighting solutions in commercial is covered by DIN EN 60364, exploited in the future primarily buildings should be observed in the but there is a lack of concrete through systemic optimization of coming years, both as pure LVDC LVDC standards for insulation commercially used buildings. solutions and in the form of hybrid measurement, connectors and DC/AC solutions. Data centers will switches. In some cases, In this article it has been shown only likely to have played a contradictions among individual that direct current systems in pioneering role in this. standards, e.g. for the assessment the low voltage range (LVDC) offer of clearance distances between the a considerable savings potential This development is likely to be basic standard DIN EN 60664 and in the context of systemic promoted both by the current the cable, connector and device optimization and have a large achievement of the economic standards, must be harmonized. number of additional advantages. efficiency of internal consumption Semiconductor-based LED of electricity from new PV systems Until these standards are revised, lighting systems operate with without subsidies and by the internal special attention must be paid to the direct current by definition - as do consumption of electricity from selection of suitable components for an increasing number of other loads - existing systems where EEG LVDC. With the increasing number which makes them ideal for being subsidies in Germany expire for of ambitious projects implemented supplied with LVDC. the first time in 2020. with renowned partners, best- practice solutions have developed In addition, LVDC can be used to LVDC not only promises potential which can be used as a basis for better emphasize the actual savings when it comes to supplying orientation. Finally, due to their advantages of LEDs, such as buildings. Since similar savings limited experience with LVDC, miniaturization and long service life, potentials can be exploited in electrical specialists should receive by eliminating some life-critical industrial applications (70% of special training. For example, components for AC-DC conversion. industrial electricity consumption is NFPA 70E already included special This opens up degrees of freedom accounted for by electric motors) [5], requirements for handling DC in the design of LED luminaires and this technology is expected to be systems > 100 V in 2012. extends their maintenance cycles. used in numerous industries.

Together with progress in Last but not least, DC microgrids electrification of underdeveloped standardization it will stimulate a not only benefit the highly developed rural regions, for example in broader range of respective industrialized countries, but also conjunction with cheaper batteries components. enable the autonomous and PV systems.

References: [1] B. Wunder, 380 V DC in Commercial Buildings and Offices, Fraunhofer, 2013 [2] U. Boeke, M. Wendt, DC-Power Grids for Buildings, IEEE, 2015 [3] Deutsche Normungs-Roadmap Gleichstrom im Niederspannungsbereich, DKE/VDE, 2016 [4] 48-Volt-Bordnetz - Schlüsseltechnologie auf dem Weg zur Elektromobilität, ZVEI, 2015 [5] Forschungsprojekt DC-INDUSTRIE Gleichspannungsnetze in der industriellen Produktion, ZVEI, 2017

Shared office spaces are gaining popularity as a flexible, resource-efficient and creativity-inspiring way to work. The dynamic nature of such office spaces requires building automation and lighting control solutions that can quickly be deployed and easily be adapted to new office layouts. Matthias Kassner, Vice President Product Marketing at EnOcean GmbH, takes a look at different connectivity architectures (wired, wireless, hybrid) and protocols (Bluetooth, ZigBee, EnOcean, PoE) to assess their usability and show how minimizing the need for maintenance is a key for increasing profitability of service-based offerings.

An average of 50% of the co-working spaces in the US Workspaces need to be available space in a typical alone. The worldwide number resizable and reconfigurable office building remains of such spaces was expected (open, semi-open, fully enclosed) unoccupied over the course of a to top 15,000 by the end of while open collective spaces business day. At the same time, 2018 [1]. invite social and professional space in cities is getting very interaction between users, short and incredibly expensive. Several key drivers have enabling occasional, recurrent, To counter this trend, services enabled this development and daily meetings as well as for shared office space are easy access to office space special events. becoming more and more within the desired geography, popular. Beside flexible and the wish for flexible working In short agile working models adaptable room layouts, there is environments that can be easily require agile buildings. a need for data infrastructures adapted to the changing that enable demand-based number of employees and the intelligent control of all building desire to co-work within an areas. Thereby, not all open, creative atmosphere technologies are equally that stimulates exchange with suitable for solving the other people. This has been requirements of such an accelerated by a trend towards agile concept. larger co-working spaces (with over 100,000 square feet Co-working has had a major of area*) that are targeting impact on the performance and established companies. utilization of commercial real By offering office space in estate. It has been responsible target locations with for a significant amount of technological resources and positive net absorption in major talent, they can stay in tune metropolitan markets enabled with developing industry by additional investments into trends and changing demands upgrades and expansions of in resources. amenities in existing buildings. From humble beginnings in Addressing the requirements 2007 with just 14 of such of such a diverse customer spaces in operation, it was base is possible only with highly estimated that during 2018 flexible architectures enabling more than 600,000 people different usage scenarios and would be working in 4,500 easy reconfiguration.

Figure 1: Agile Buildings Tasks Classification chart by Agile buildings enabling shared the transport medium office spaces have to provide a (cable versus wireless) number of key features an and the use of IP protocol architecture and technical area (building, lighting, HVAC, controls) suited for user convenience with the option for constant reconfiguration, an IT and data infrastructure enabling data analytics to monitor and optimize key performance figures and a service offering (administration, access control, supplies, cleaning etc.) that meets the needs of all involved in a financially efficient way.

User convenience is defined by a wide range of factors including the neighborhood in which the building New Service Models Taking this model further, is located, the internal layout of Agile environments with changing Lighting as a Service (LaaS) is a work and open spaces and the requirements benefit from service service delivery model in which interior design. All of this combined models where non-core activities light is delivered to the customer shall create an inviting atmosphere such as cleaning and catering are according to his requirements and for work and collaboration. outsourced. Only a minority of charged on a subscription basis Specifically for controls, companies today still employ rather than via a one-time payment. the individual adjustment of their own staff for such tasks. workplace lighting according to Similar trends start to become What both models have in user preference is one of the visible in the building infrastructure common is that the provider most relevant requirements. as well. is responsible not only for the Some buildings might additionally initial installation of the lighting allow the control of window blinds Taking the case of lighting, the system but also for its operation. and even heating and ventilation benefits of the transition from Operational expenses thereby by the user, but this is generally conventional to LED lighting have become a critical factor an exception. enabled new business models for the return of investment (ROI). where third parties become partly The goal of optimizing operation Constant reconfiguration means or fully responsible for the operation expenses drives a strong demand that installation cables and of the lighting system. Energy for data insight allowing for equipment into fixed positions service companies (ESCO) that automatic control of building should be minimized and as much traditionally have focused on the parameters such as light levels infrastructure as possible should execution of energy saving projects based on occupancy and available be placed into the ceiling to such as lighting upgrades are light or to schedule tasks such minimize obstruction of the floor increasingly offering financing as cleaning based on actual layout. Data analytics require a methods where a part of the utilization rather than fixed flexible sensor infrastructure energy cost saving for the customer schedules. It also requires capable of monitoring key is used to pay the project cost. minimizing maintenance work parameters such as desk/space which will be an important utilization, supply level tracking Under this model, an ESCO aspect when discussing (e.g. soap and towel dispensers) will perform an initial analysis of wireless solutions. and demand-based cleaning the property and its energy in consideration of activity consumption and then design, and utilization. install and maintain a more energy Data Infrastructures for efficient solution. The saved energy Agile Buildings Finally, the results generated by cost will be used to pay back the Data is the basis of agile buildings. these data analytics have to be capital investment of the project It comes in many forms it can easily usable within service models over an agreed period of time represent user requests (e.g. setting both of the building operator ranging from five to twenty years. a light level), allow information (e.g. space utilization monitoring) If the return on investment is exchange (e.g. Internet connection) and external service companies insufficient then the ESCO is usually and monitor key parameters (e.g. cleaning and catering). required to pay the difference. (e.g. occupancy).

Exchanging data requires a suitable standard choice for this application. self-powered sensors are light infrastructure meeting specific Historically, wired connections have (indoor and outdoor) or temperature requirements regarding the amount been used for all applications even differences to detect occupancy, of data (speed, volume) to be without the need for large data light intensity, temperature, humidity, exchanged, the distance between rates. DALI using a data rate of just access or even acceleration; the partners exchanging the data, 1,200 bit per second is a typical to name a few. the transport medium (wire, fiber, example of that. air) and the available power. In an Energy harvesting devices, by their ideal scenario, one infrastructure The key disadvantage of a wired nature, do not require maintenance would cover all those requirements. data infrastructure is its inherent and can therefore have a positive This, however, is usually not possible. inflexibility. Its need for dedicated impact on total cost and operation A look at different available wiring makes quick reconfiguration effort. It also gives installations with technologies explains why. difficult. Simple tasks such as energy saving purposes an eco- moving a light switch to a different friendly character by avoiding tons Pros and cons of different available location requires significant of battery waste. Energy harvesting technologies: construction work. This is not technology can today support a • Fiber, Ethernet or copper cables an option for agile buildings. variety of different low power wireless are ideal mediums to transport Therefore, wireless solutions protocols such as Bluetooth® Low large amounts of data throughout have become increasingly Energy (BLE), Zigbee PRO Green a whole building with minimum attractive as a complement to Power and EnOcean sub 1 GHz latency and highest reliability. the wired infrastructure. radio that can complement the IP Their flexibility, however, is very infrastructure of a building. limited as they require the One key challenge when moving to installation of dedicated cabling. truly wireless solutions (without • WiFi on the other hand is an ideal power cables) is the question of how IP Versus the Rest choice for exchanging large to provide power to these devices. of the World amounts of data over limited Batteries have been widely used When looking at protocols, distances with greater flexibility. and continue to be an attractive an infrastructure communicating However, its power consumption proposition for cases where initial from end to end, purely based makes it not well-suited for cost is the prime concern and on IP (Internet Protocol), wireless controls and sensors. maintenance for battery exchange offers significant advantages. • Dedicated low power wireless is no concern. Almost every commercial building protocols such as Zigbee, today needs an IP infrastructure Bluetooth® or EnOcean, on the (Ethernet, WiFi or both). other hand, combine very low Maintenance A Question Extending this towards sensors power consumption with wireless of Power Source and controls would eliminate the flexibility. They can, however, The impact of maintenance need for dedicated gateways not be used to transport large becomes quickly obvious in larger translating between different amounts of data or cover buildings where thousands of protocols. IP-based lighting entire buildings. sensors are distributed over several control could thereby directly floors and offices. Often these integrate into the IP infrastructure Data infrastructures within a devices are mounted unobtrusively and become much easier to building are therefore, by nature, in places that are difficult to reach, monitor and administrate. usually hybrids which can be e.g. on or above drop ceilings. classified by their transport medium In these cases, battery exchange (cable versus wireless) and their is a challenging and time Power over Ethernet use of IP protocol as shown in the consuming effort. Power over Ethernet (PoE) is an following graph (Figure 1). example of a wired implementation Energy harvesting technology has of an all IP infrastructure. The key meanwhile established a reliable function of PoE is the elimination Wired Versus Wireless alternative to batteries as an energy of additional cabling whenever a Data Transport source for wireless devices. PoE-connected device can be Wired solutions can combine high Self-powered sensors gain all supplied directly via the Ethernet communication reliability with high energy needed for their operation cable. Products such as conference data transport capacity over larger from the surrounding environment. phones and IP security cameras distances making them an ideal The most obvious example is the are ideal examples of solutions choice as data backbone within energy harvesting wireless switch well-suited for PoE. a building. Ethernet (standardized that generates its energy from the within the IEEE 802.3 family) kinetic movement of being pressed. More recently, PoE has also been is increasingly becoming the Other sources used for proposed for the lighting infrastructure

APPLICATIONS OFFICE LIGHTING 70

Figure 2: The example for an IPv6 data packet demonstrates the data overhead from the source and destination address

Figure 3: 6lowPAN integration in buildings. The key challenge well-suited for this task. The header structure within Thread there is that Ethernet cabling is structure of an IP packet (IPv6) optimized to transport vast amounts illustrates the point (Figure 2). Here, of data and limited amounts of source and destination address power. Ethernet cabling is capable alone add 32 byte of overhead. of sustaining data rates that can exceed 1 Gigabit per second while Additional requirements such as lighting control requires comparatively certificate-based security schemes little data the well-known DALI will further increase that discrepancy. protocol, for instance, operates at Most IP-based wireless protocols just 1,200 Bit per second. therefore aim to reduce the overhead of IPv6 protocol in the Power delivery, on the other hand, wireless communication. is limited in PoE systems by the resistance of the wires within the Ethernet cable. This resistance 6lowPAN generates heat and results in 6lowPAN has become a common voltage drops proportional to the choice for such protocols and has length of the cable. High quality gained a lot of attention recently due cabling and special Ethernet to its integration within Thread. switches have to be used to 6lowPAN provides IP communication maximize power delivery within on top of IEEE 802.15.4 (which is sensors and controls. The most lighting systems. also used in Zigbee) as shown in prominent example of such wireless the following illustration (Figure 3). protocols dedicated to building PoE also does not meet the automation and lighting control is mobility requirement of sensors This approach combines the benefits the international EnOcean standard and switches within agile buildings. of an IP-based communication model (ISO/IEC 14543-3-1X), which is Having to connect such devices via with those of a protocol optimized supported worldwide by more than Ethernet cable makes quick space for wireless communication. One 400 member companies. reconfiguration very difficult. immediate disadvantage is that IP infrastructures are therefore dedicated gateways between While many protocols such as usually augmented with other Ethernet-based infrastructure and Bluetooth®, WiFi and Zigbee (typically low power) wireless solutions 6lowPAN/Thread are required. operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency to provide connectivity to devices band, this protocol uses the sub within the office environment. 1 GHz radio bands. This provides EnOcean the advantage of much higher Considering the fact that wireless communication distances for a WiFi protocols will need gateways given transmission power due to WiFi would seem to be the obvious anyway, another approach has been lower signal attenuation. answer for that; however due to the to cover larger distances with protocol overhead combined with minimal energy to enable the This attenuation (path loss) the high power requirements it is not longest possible operation time for increases for a given distance

Figure 4: Data string structure of the EnOcean wireless protocol

Figure 5: Schematic for a Bluetooth® Mesh network structure

directly with the frequency a number of companies looked The recent introduction of a mesh according to the following formula: for a mechanism to replace network topology where messages wired connections. In that year, can be relayed from the source to Path Loss = 20 ∙ log 4 ∙ π ∙ d ∙ f Ericsson proposed the concept of the destination via intermediary 10 c a wireless connection that could devices has greatly extended the replace the common RS-232 cables communication range of Bluetooth® The use of lower frequencies used for communication between systems allowing coverage of larger therefore provides much better different devices. areas with a Bluetooth® Mesh coverage for a given transmission network (Figure 5). power and is thus optimal for In parallel to that, companies such protocols targeting lowest energy as Nokia, Intel, IBM and Toshiba The combination of classic consumption. Combining this with were also investigating mechanisms Bluetooth® for communication highly compressed data frames, to wirelessly connect devices such with smartphones and audio as shown in the graph (Figure 4), as cellphones and computers. accessories, Bluetooth® Low makes it possible to create fully These five companies formed a Energy for communication with self-powered (energy harvesting) special interest group (SIG) which sensors and other low power devices. was officially established in 1998. devices and a mesh network topology for covering larger areas In June 2007, Bluetooth® SIG makes Bluetooth® protocol a very Bluetooth® acquired the Wibree Alliance, compelling choice as low power Another common requirement is the a Nokia-led initiative that had data network. Deploying Bluetooth® ability to directly interact with the developed an ultra-low power (ULP) mesh within the lighting system wireless devices using smartphones form of wireless connectivity using therefore provides the infrastructure and tablets. Almost all such devices much less power than the existing for sensor data within buildings. include Bluetooth® functionality, Bluetooth® wireless technology that which has become an attractive could be used for communication option, especially with its between cellphones and accessories. Minimizing Infrastructure Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE or Beginning with Bluetooth® version 4 Upgrades Bluetooth® Smart) extension. (released in 2009) this feature now The need for upgrading the building called Bluetooth® Low Energy has network infrastructure to support The history of the Bluetooth® radio become part of the standard new data-driven services provides a standard dates back to 1994 when Bluetooth® stack. significant barrier. In many

environments such upgrades will The ease with which self-powered The upgrade of lighting systems create detrimental business BLE devices can be added to an towards larger area wireless mesh disruption which might be difficult Aruba network without the need networks creates a unique to justify. Different schemes have for new IT hardware or costly opportunity for a high density, therefore been proposed to installation work makes the solution low power data network minimize such disruption by very compelling for customers. encompassing the entire building. reusing the existing infrastructure. As an intermediate step, reuse of One promising approach is the existing IT infrastructure such as upgrade of WiFi access points to Paradigms of Tomorrow wireless access points can enable be able to capture data from low Future agile buildings enabling quick initial deployment without power wireless devices. highly flexible co-working and the need for major upgrades. co-utilization space will require Aruba Networks (an HP Enterprise large amounts of sensor data to Operation and maintenance cost company) is one of the leading continuously analyze and optimize continues to be a key factor for providers of network infrastructure usage and operation. This data the total return on investment. such as wireless access points. forms the basis for new service Under many service models this Aruba ships millions of indoor models that will augment or cost has to be covered by the and outdoor Wi-Fi access points replace existing building operator thus driving a strong every year for smart home, retail, operation paradigms. need for minimizing them. healthcare, hospitality, education, Energy harvesting wireless solutions service provider, enterprise, Creating, capturing and delivering are ideally suited for such cases. industrial, manufacturing, airline, such data requires a flexible They are therefore a key ingredient and government customers. network infrastructure that can to providing the flexible building- With their latest software release, continuously adapt to new usage level intelligence without Aruba access points can use their scenarios. In most cases such maintenance for the agile built-in BLE radio to receive sensor infrastructure will be a mix between building of tomorrow. data from EnOcean's energy IP backbone systems (Ethernet + harvesting Easyfit Bluetooth® WiFi) and dedicated low power sensors and switches and forward wireless protocols. those into the enterprise network.

References: [1] gcuc and Emergent Research: "Number of U.S. and Global Coworking Spaces and Members 2017 2022 (December, 2017 Forecast)" http://gcuc.co/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/GCUC-Global-Coworking-Stats-2017-2022.pdf

Cree® Delivers Best-in-Class Horticulture Efficiency with New Red XLamp® XP-E2 LEDs Cree announces the new XLamp XP-E2 Photo Red and Far Red LEDs that deliver breakthrough performance for horticulture applications. The new Red XP-E2 LEDs are a drop-in upgrade for existing XP-based designs that outperform competing LEDs by up to 68%. These higher performance LEDs increase the efficiency of LED luminaires and make it more affordable to grow food under optimized lighting. To learn more, please visit www.cree.com/xlamp-xp-e2?WT.mc_id=crx1710

ABOUT | IMPRINT LPR & IMPRINT 74

Next LpR Imprint LED professional Review (LpR), ISSN 1993-890X DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Issue 73 - May/June 2019 Publishing Company TECH-TALKS BREGENZ Luger Research e.U. Julian Carey, Product & Technical Institute for Innovation & Technology Marketing Manager, SLD Laser Moosmahdstrasse 30 Julian Carey, Product and Technical A 6850 Dornbirn, Austria / Europe Marketing Manager at SLD Laser phone +43 5572 39 44 89 attended LpS 2018 in Bregenz. fax +43 5572 20 60 70 LaserLight had recently demonstrated info(at)lugerresearch.com record-breaking results with 750 lumens www.lugerresearch.com emitted from a 300 micron diameter window, which was a good reason to Publisher talk to him about the status quo of laser Siegfried Luger +43 699 11 33 55 70 technology, which applications are s.luger(at)led-professional.com currently applicable, SLD Laser's strategies and goals, and the future Editor-in-Chief prospects for this technology. Arno Grabher-Meyer +43 699 11 33 55 18 RESEARCH a.g-m(at)led-professional.com “Best Papers” at LpS 2018: Int. Account Manager Hermetic Polymer-Free White Theresa Koenig +43 699 11 33 55 20 LED professional Review (LpR) - LEDs for Harsh Environments theresa.koenig(at)led-professional.com AlGaInN-based white LED can achieve Annual Subscriptions lifetimes of up to 100,000 h depending MarCom Manager LpR Digital Magazine on junction temperature and current Bronwen Rolls +44 797 401 2962 • 6 issues density. However, state of the art silicone bronwen.rolls(at)led-professional.com • pdf download encapsulated LEDs with powder-based • high resolution pictures and graphs phosphors reveal a strong dependence of Your Sales Contacts • printable field lifetimes on environmental conditions Int. Sales Manager • commercial use such as humidity, corrosive gas and air Brigitte Lindner +43 699 11 33 55 19 • access to all previous issues pollutant exposure. An interesting brigitte.lindner(at)led-professional.com • Euro 78.80 alternative to polymer-dispersed phosphors are luminescent ceramics. LpR Printed Magazine China, Hong-Kong The article explains how they can be Lolo Yeung +852 9732 2081 • 6 issues used as a hermetic, light converting lolo(at)castintl.com • Euro 158.40 cap material. Further properties and the advantage of completely avoiding Germany http://www.led-professional.com/ polymers are also discussed. Armin Wezel +49 30 526 891 92 subscription armin(at)eurokom-media.de TECHNOLOGIES India AI - Today and Tomorrow Priyanka Rai +91 124 478 7331 Recently, Artificial Intelligence has priyanka.rai(at)binarysemantics.com emerged as an evolutionary force in Japan almost every industry, demonstrating its potential to radically change existing Eiji Yoshikawa +81 3 6751 0090 processes. In common literature, AI is scala(at)s3.dion.ne.jp interchangeably used with Machine South Korea Learning, for which various tools have Jung Won Suh +82 2 78 58 222 become commonplace. The author sinsegi(at)sinsegimedia.info discusses AI in the context of the lighting Taiwan industry where the scope of applications Leon Chen +886 2 256 81 786-10 of AI is similarly quite broad, impacting leon(at)jkmedia.com.tw the various stages involved in the lighting life cycle such as design, installation, UK, Ireland, Benelux, Scandinavia Cover-page commissioning and configuration. Zena Coupé +44 1923 85 25 37 zena(at)expomedia.biz Artwork: Thomas Klobassa, LiFi as a Paradigm-Shifting 5G Technology US East ©LED professional 2019 There are many misconceptions about Karen C Smith-Kernc +1 717 397 7100 LiFi, a wireless communication KarenKCS(at)aol.com Main Image: Arno Grabher-Meyer, technology that uses the infrared and LED professional visible light spectrum for high speed data US West & Canada communication. The authors will explain Alan A. Kernc +1 717 397 7100 what Light-Fidelity (LiFi) is and argue why AlanKCS(at)aol.com it is a 5th Generation (5G) technology. Peak transmission speeds of 8 Gbps Copyrights - Luger Research e.U. from a single light source have been demonstrated, and complete cellular The editors make every reasonable effort to verify the information published, but Luger Research e.U. assumes no responsibility for the networks based on LiFi have been validity of any manufacturers, non profit organizations or individuals claims created. Besides discussing numerous or statements. misconceptions, the potential impact this Luger Research e.U. does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability technology can have across a number of to any person for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in the existing and emerging industries will be material contained herein, regardless of whether such errors result from negligence, accident or any other cause whatsoever. You may not copy, Bilton's inductive coupled flexible explained as well as new applications reproduce, republish, download, post, broadcast, transmit, make available linear module was on display at that LiFi can unlock in the future. to the public, or otherwise use LED professional Review (LpR) content LpS 2018 in Bregenz subject to change without prior written consent from Luger Research e.U. - Institute for Innovation & Technology, Austria.