Newsletter Tailored Optical Materials

David Böhnisch Dezember 2017 Thomas Jüstel Volume 11 Issue 12

Research & Latest Novel Development Publications Patents

Boosting Antibiotic Potency with Light

Conception: Prof. Dr. rer. nat.Thomas Jüstel Edited by: David Böhnisch Contact: [email protected] Research & Development ...... 3 Boosting Antibiotic Potency with Light ...... 3 Eviyos LED Prototype Revolutionizes Smart Headlights ...... 5 Hailux unveils tunableGROW horticultural grow light ...... 6 LED business news: Seoul Semi, Cree, and Philips Lighting financial results ...... 7 Osram will weave IoT lighting into clothing ...... 9 Velodyne LiDAR Launches the World’s Highest Resolution LiDAR for Autonomous Vehicles 11 Latest Publications ...... 13 Particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting ...... 13

Na3Tb(PO4)2: Synthesis, crystal structure and greenish emitting properties ...... 13 3+ Structural and Optical Properties of Yellow-Emitting CaGd2ZrSc(AlO4)3:Ce Phosphor for Solid-State Lighting ...... 13 3+ K7Ca9[Si2O7]4F:Ce : a novel blue-emitting phosphor with good thermal stability for - excited light emitting diodes ...... 14 3+ A broad-band orange-yellow-emitting Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12:Ce phosphor for application in warm white light-emitting diodes ...... 14 Novel Patents ...... 15 Solid state lighting devices utilizing memristors ...... 15 A quantum dot and yag phosphor mixed doped for liquid crystal display device ...... 15 Wavelength conversion members including phosphors having different thermal conductivities and volumes and projectors containing such converters ...... 16 Lighting device including a phosphor light emitter and light projector, a vehicle using the same ...... 16 Film thickness measuring device ...... 17

Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017

Research & Development

Boosting Antibiotic Potency with Light

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial antioxidant defense; such oxidative stress is infections are a growing cause of concern toxic and causes damage to the bacterium’s worldwide. The World Health Organization DNA. highlighted the severity of this problem by designating drug-resistant strains of The method of Chatterjee and her colleagues Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae exploits ROS toxicity by using engineered “priority 1 critical class bacterial pathogens in QDs to produce, on-demand, an urgent need of effective antibiotics.” overwhelming amount of intracellular superoxide (a particularly harmful ROS). That Now, a team of researchers from the superoxide flood, they say, weakens MDR University of Colorado Boulder, USA, reports bacteria and makes the bugs more susceptible that it has developed a platform based on to existing antibiotics. intracellular light-activated quantum dots (QDs) that could help address the problem. In The group’s “tailored redox potential” QDs the method, the QDs work inside living cells are made of cadmium telluride and are small to generate a superoxide that acts as a kind of enough (less than 3 nm in diameter) to easily sucker punch, weakening the bacteria and enter bacteria through holes in the cell wall. making the superbugs more vulnerable to The QDs can be turned on and off with a existing antibiotics (Sci. Adv., doi: specific wavelength of light, and their 10.1126/sciadv.1701776). oxidation potential is tuned for superoxide radicals from molecular oxygen. According to the Boulder team, its QD platform reduced antibiotic resistance by a Delivering the punch factor of 1,000 in in vitro multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate infections. In animal model During in vitro tests with clinical MDR demonstrations with Caenorhabditis elegans isolates in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and (a microscopic worm), the combination of Salmonella enterica, the researchers found superoxide-generating QDs with the antibiotic that combining their superoxide-producing ciprofloxacin reduced the bacterial load in the QDs with antibiotics produced a synergistic worm’s gut more than treatment with the interaction in more than 75 percent of the antibiotic alone. Team lead Anushree tests. Within those synergistic combinations, Chatterjee says that the QD platform could they observed a reduction in the effective someday offer clinicians “an adaptable, antibiotic resistance of the clinical isolate multifaceted approach to fighting infections infections by a factor of 1,000. During animal that are already straining the limits of current model demonstrations with C. elegans, the treatments.” researchers found that a worm’s chance of surviving an MDR bacterial infection Overwhelming bacterial defenses increased when it was treated with a combination of superoxide-generating QDs Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present in and ciprofloxacin compared to only low levels during normal bacterial aerobic ciprofloxacin. respiration. Bacteria control ROS levels by producing antioxidants. However, elevated The team says the results from its tests on ROS levels can overwhelm a bacterium’s clinical MDR isolates and demonstrations

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017 with C. elegans “highlight the ability to big advantage over conventional small- engineer superoxide generation to potentiate molecule-based antibiotics. The team sees its antibiotic activity and combat highly drug- QDs eventually being used as a technology resistant bacterial pathogens.” platform for treating a wide variety of infections and for other therapeutic The researchers say that their QD technology, applications. unlike previous antibiotic treatments, can work intracellularly with a high level of Source: specificity. Chatterjee adds that the QDs are https://www.osa- inexpensive, don’t require developing new opn.org/home/newsroom/2017/october/boosti antibiotics, and are very easily scaled up—a ng_antibiotic_potency_with_light/

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017

Eviyos LED Prototype Revolutionizes Smart Headlights

The Eviyos prototype developed by Osram of 3 lm at 11 mA. Initial prototypes have Opto Semiconductors is the world’s first already exhibited more than 4.6 lm per pixel. hybrid LED and represents major progress Customers can vary the number of hybrid toward the first market-ready smart LEDs in their applications and supplement controllable high-resolution LED. As soon as them with conventional LEDs, depending on oncoming traffic is detected the appropriate the particular requirements that need to be pixels are automatically switched off so met. drivers of oncoming vehicles are not dazzled. The prototype, integrated in a demonstrator “The hybrid LED is another example of our from Osram Specialty Lighting, were on show products making a major contribution to for the first time at ISAL from September 25 improving the quality of life in many different through 27, 2017 in Darmstadt. areas. With Eviyos we are helping to make the roads safer and improve comfort and convenience for drivers. We are proud that we can present the first prototype so soon after completing the research project. We are now another stage further toward series production”, said Thomas Christl, Marketing Manager at Osram Opto Semiconductors.

Eviyos is not only compact and powerful but also energy-efficient thanks to the precise control and dimmability of the individual pixels. The only pixels that are ever on are the Eviyos illuminates surroundings in high-beam ones that are actually needed at the time. quality, ensures other road users and drivers are not dazzled. The prototype is the first integrated -structured LED-chip with 1,000+ At its planned launch at the start of 2020 pixel. Eviyos will form a separate product family hybrid LED of a μ offering a wide range of possible applications. Eviyos has its basis in the μAFS research Smart headlights are just one of the potential project which was completed in the fall of areas in which intelligent selective pixel 2016. The project involved various partners control can be applied. from the industrial sector and was coordinated by Osram Opto Semiconductors. The Source: prototype combines two technologies in one https://www.led- component: a light emitting chip and professional.com/technology/light- individual pixel control electronics. This generation/eviyos-led-prototype- combination means that the 1,024 pixels of revolutionizes-smart-headlights Eviyos plus the driver are all accommodated in a footprint of approx. 4x4 mm. The light source has minimum luminous flux per pixel

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017

Hailux Lighting unveils tunableGROW horticultural grow light

USA - A group of investors and LED lighting Hailux Lighting attended the Horticultural technology experts, announced the formation Lighting Conference USA in Denver, of Hailux Lighting (www.hailux Colorado on October 17th, 2017, introducing lighting.com), an innovative LED Technology the 420W TunableGROWtm Horticultural company focused on the Horticultural Lighting System. The industry’s first factory Lighting Market and providing innovative configurable, 4-channel tunable grow light LED COB products. Russell Hall, an early which is a drop-in replacement for HPS stage investor, will lead Hailux Lighting. lights; and produces 1.9 μmoles/s/W.

He stated: “We recognized early on that the Hailux Lighting also provides a range of Horticultural Lighting Market lacks Horticultural, Dim-To-Warm and Tunable meaningful standards making it difficult for White COB LEDs. growers to make intelligent choices. Hailux The investment team has businesses in Asia Lighting will focus on excellence in and Europe which provide Hailux Lighting engineering and innovative products with a with a global footprint. commitment to provide meaningful data to assist commercial growers to make informed Source: product decisions.” http://www.displayplus.net/news/articleView. html?idxno=82965

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017

LED business news: Seoul Semi, Cree, and Philips Lighting financial results

Seoul Semiconductor, Cree, and Philips monolithic chip in which multiple emitters Lighting all recently announced quarterly have been partitioned in the back end of the results and good news could be found in each LED manufacturing process into an electrical case, although the LED and SSL sectors array connected in various serial and parallel haven’t returned to the revenue growth configurations. The result is most typically a patterns of a few years back. higher-input voltage that can correspond to efficiency gains in the input power In our latest round-up of LED business news, conversion. Moreover, Seoul regularly Seoul Semiconductor has announced that the combines MJT with the AC-LED driver company achieved record earnings for its technology that was originally the basis of the third quarter of fiscal 2017 with a 14% Acrich brand. quarter-over-quarter gain in operating profit and a 24% gain compared to the prior year. Seoul said that within the general lighting Cree has announced results for its first quarter sector, more than a third of its customers are of fiscal 2018 and said quarterly revenue is up using MJT LEDs. Moreover, the company over the prior quarter but down slightly from said MJT will account for more than 50% of the same quarter the prior year. Philips sales in fiscal 2018. The company further said Lighting has announced results recently as its WICOP (wafer-level integrated chip on well and said that for the first time, growth in PCB) LEDs are being widely adopted in LED lighting and smart solid-state lighting after finding early success in (SSL) technology is exceeding the decline in daytime running lights (DRLs). Seoul is the legacy lighting business. among the early movers in what are generally called chip-scale package (CSP) LEDs, Contemplating the state of the LED and SSL although the company does differentiate sectors relative to the financial reports from WICOP as having an even lighter-weight these three companies is a problematic but package than other CSP LEDs. The company interesting exercise. Seoul Semiconductor is will more aggressively target the general solely a components and module lighting market going forward with WICOP manufacturer. Cree makes components, as well. including LEDs but also power semiconductors in the Wolfspeed brand, and Seoul reported Q3 revenue of KrW 305B consumer and professional LED-based (billion) and an operating profit of KrW lighting products. Philips Lighting, since its 30.6B, or about $270M (million) and $30M, separation from Royal Philips in mid-2016, is respectively. The company noted that the now a pure-play lighting company. There was positive LED business results have come some good news to be found in each of the despite continued erosion in ASPs (average three reports, although some financial selling prices). The company projected Q4 analysts found more bad news than good. revenue in the KrW 270B to 290B ($240M to $260M) range and also said it expects record Seoul Semi results earnings in fiscal 2018.

Still, it was tough to find bad news in the Cree results Seoul results. It seems that the company’s Acrich MJT (multi-junction technology) is The Cree announcement marked the first resonating with customers after having been instance of new CEO Gregg Lowe being at on the market for several years now. MJT, the helm at the end of a quarter, after Lowe from the LED perspective, implies a joined the company in September. “Cree is a

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017 company that's known as an innovator with a As for lighting, several financial analysts long history of blazing new trails, and I'm speculated that Cree might exit the consumer excited to be part of this team,” said Lowe. lamps business. Just to be clear, that’s purely “There are a number of opportunities and speculation and Cree has not in any way challenges in front of us, and I look forward indicated it would make such a move. But to working together with our talented team to price pressure has intensified in consumer maximize those opportunities while dealing lamps, and realistically the lamps were more with the challenges head on.” of a brand builder at Cree than a profit source in the best of times. Cree said Q1 2018 revenue was down 3% relative to the same quarter the prior year, but Philips Lighting results that is a slightly improving trend relative to what we reported for Q4 2017. Moreover, it Playing purely in the lighting space, Philips was good to see quarterly revenue up slightly, Lighting is dealing in larger numbers. The although that surely won’t convince financial company reported revenue of EUR 1.7B analysts that the company is moving back to a (about $2B) for Q3 2017. The good news was steady growth path. For the next quarter, Cree in the area of sales based on LED technology projects revenue flat to slightly down. where revenue grew 22% and now represents 68% of Philips Lighting’s total sales. In the Still, the interesting angles in the report are in same quarter a year back, LED-based sales the details. Both LED components and SSL represented 56% of revenue. Profit margins products account for about 40% of Cree’s reached 10.5% for the quarter. Philips revenue, with another 18% coming from Lighting only began issuing its own financial Wolfspeed. But Wolfspeed accounted for reports early this year. almost 50% of the quarterly profit margin. And Cree all but divested Wolfspeed early “In line with our objectives, Philips Lighting this year. Given Lowe’s background in analog returned to comparable sales growth in the components, it’s reasonable to expect a quarter,” said CEO Eric Rondolat. “For the potential increase in emphasis on the first time in our transformation, the growth of business. LED and connected lighting systems and services more than offset the decline of our Moving forward, it will be an interesting time conventional business. At the same time, we for Cree. We expect to see the first mid-power continued to improve our profitability, with LED components to emerge soon as a result LED and connected lighting systems and of the Cree joint venture with San’an that was services being substantial contributors. This announced back in April. Moreover, Cree has demonstrates the successful execution of our demonstrated what appear to be CSP LEDs in strategy as we remain on track to reach our the NX family, and those products should hit outlook for 2017.” the commercial market soon. In both cases, the new component families will offer a Source: potential path to higher revenue, although http://www.ledsmagazine.com/articles/2017/1 margin pressure will endure in components. 0/led-business-news-seoul-semi-cree-and- philips-lighting-financial-results.html

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017

Osram will weave IoT lighting into clothing

A cycling jacket that illuminates when you hit “This will in the future allow various the brakes could be coming. First, Osram will applications to be controlled using an app,” stitch LEDs into workwear. Osram said. “Possible examples include sports clothing that warns the wearer about a Osram has taken a first step toward weaving high pulse rate via the light guides, or a smart lighting into clothes, announcing cycling jacket with an integrated brake light.” workwear that lights up with LEDs, while strongly hinting that interactive apparel is coming including a cycling jacket that illuminates when you hit the brakes, and lights that flash when your pulse rate rises too high.

Working with Fürth, Germany-based safety and sportswear company uvex, Osram is stitching LEDs into safety vests and work jackets. Osram's first stab at textile illumination stops short of interactivity. It The integrated LED lighting is more impressive than simply focuses on giving visibility to workers this particular slap shot, which sailed high over the on job sites. goal into the alpine night, as you can see from the illuminated puck. Play improved at this game at the “The textile illumination is incorporated into Zugspitze, Germany's highest mountain. the safety clothing and ensures greater visibility and hence safety in day-to-day It would mark yet another way to deploy LED work, for example, on construction sites or in lighting as “things” in the Internet of Things road traffic,” Osram said. “The key advantage (IoT). Like many lighting companies, Osram of the new technology: Reflector strips on is trying to establish LED lights and conventional work clothing only reflect luminaires as nodes and backbones of incident light, while the light modules ensure information technology networks. Just this active illumination at all times, thus week, Osram acquired a significant minority improving safety when working in the dark or stake in retail industry software company in poor visibility conditions.” beaconsmind, to help outfit retail stores with lights that communicate with in-store Osram has been testing the technology for shoppers, offering discounts and useful some time. The company used it to help information. Osram already has deployed the illuminate ice hockey players, sticks, and technology at Guess and Marc O'Polo retail pucks in an outdoor night game nearly10,000 outlets and at shopping malls in Switzerland. ft high in the German Alps last year, for example. While some industry observers expect that one day, OLED technology will prevail for With sportswear as part of the mix, Osram integrated textile illumination, Osram has plans to eventually add sensors that will chosen instead to stitch LEDs, as have other enable integrated LEDs to respond to physical illuminated clothing providers. OLED stimuli, providing health alerts, safety (organic light-emitting diode) is a patch of measures, and more. material that emits light in response to a current, whereas LEDs are single light points. Osram told LEDs Magazine that it has no plans to use OLEDs for lighting textiles.

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Source: http://www.ledsmagazine.com/articles/2017/1 0/osram-will-weave-iot-lighting-into- clothing.html

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017

Velodyne LiDAR Launches the World’s Highest Resolution LiDAR for Autonomous Vehicles

Velodyne Labs announced that it has dynamic, changing environment to determine produced a LiDAR with the world’s highest safety,” states Velodyne President Marta Hall resolution, longest range, and widest field of about the breakthrough in LiDAR resolution. view, the result of which will boost the autonomous vehicle and advanced safety A Velodyne sensor provides real-time 3D market. The Velodyne VLS-128, with 128 images all around the vehicle, far into the beams, produces the best resolution and distance, producing billions of data points will replace the HDL-64 LiDAR as the eagerly understood and consumed by a industry standard for high performance. computer. LiDAR is more reliable, based on High-resolution LiDAR is critical to navigate measurements, and therefore more accurate autonomous cars and provide vehicle safety. than a camera based safety system. It is expected that the VLS-128 will become the new standard for fully autonomous cars Velodyne LiDAR, Inc. Founder and CEO and cars equipped with advanced safety David Hall invented the 360-degree solid- features because of the unchallenged quantity state hybrid LiDAR ten years ago to use and of data it produces in real time at top speed. sell in the Darpa Grand Challenge. He designed and sold the HDL-64 LiDAR, which since then became the standard LiDAR for the autonomous car industry. It can be spotted on top of most autonomous cars today because Velodyne sells to 250 customers worldwide. The first autonomous cars that successfully drove cross-country and another million miles were equipped with the HDL-64.

In September 2017, Velodyne offered sneak Velodyne’s President and Chief Business previews of the VLS-128 dense picture to Development Officer said, “When it comes to select customers attending the IAA Auto safety, it is critical for a car to have really Show in Frankfurt, Germany. An upgrade to good eyes for driving. You need 3D vision the HDL-64, the VLS-128 offers a richer that accurately measures and generates a image with four times the data points and billion data points in real time at the speed of density than the HDL-64. This will enhance light. This is the technology necessary to the ability for object detection and collision simultaneously judge the speed of other avoidance while traveling highways speeds, vehicles, determine pedestrian locations, and by gathering of billions more data points judge safety with assurance. Car makers traveling in real time. entering the autonomous driving arena have been telling us that high resolution is key. Now we have it.”

“The VLS-128 provides the highest resolution with the widest field of view in the world. Would you drive if your vision was like looking underwater? The world might look like this driving with other systems that are less precise. With the VLS-128 LiDAR, there are billions of data points to analyze a

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High-resolution LiDAR is important for Future models will also be produced as part of object detection and collision avoidance at all Velodyne’s Tier-1 Automotive Program. speeds, with the highest resolution needed especially when traveling at speeds higher Cost matters. President Marta Hall adds, “We than 30 miles per hour. The faster a vehicle are getting the cost down. It is already goes, the more data is needed at a faster pace dramatically reduced, and more so when for safety evaluation. ordered at higher volumes. Into the future, LiDAR will be affordable and put on cars Size matters. The VLS-128 is a 70 percent worldwide for safety and autonomy.” size reduction from the HDL-64, with double the range and four times the resolution. It is Velodyne has recently augmented its the highest performing LiDAR sensor on the breakthrough lineup with the 200m Ultra market in terms of field of view, range, Puck and the small slice-of-the-environment resolution, and ability to deal with a complex Velarray. Now Velodyne announces its world environment. Due to its 905nm technology, it changing high performance HDL-64 operates in dry climates and wet successor. environments, and is based on mass-produced CMOS semiconductor technologies. It is Source: produced today at Velodyne’s Megafactory in http://www.ledinside.com/press/2017/11/velo San Jose using a proprietary fully automatic dyne_lidar_launches_the_worlds_highest_res laser alignment and manufacturing system. olution_lidar_for_autonomous_vehicles

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Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2017

Latest Publications

Particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting

The conversion of solar energy to chemical harvesting semiconductors and co-catalysts. energy is a promising way of generating The essential design principles of the renewable energy. Hydrogen production by materials employed for overall water-splitting means of water splitting over semiconductor systems based on one-step and two-step photocatalysts is a simple, cost-effective photoexcitation are also discussed, approach to large-scale solar hydrogen concentrating on three elementary processes: synthesis. Since the discovery of the Honda– photoabsorption, charge transfer and surface Fujishima effect, considerable progress has catalytic reactions. Finally, we outline been made in this field, and numerous challenges and potential advances associated photocatalytic materials and water-splitting with solar water splitting by particulate systems have been developed. In this Review, photocatalysts for future commercial we summarize existing water-splitting applications. systems based on particulate photocatalysts, focusing on the main components: light- DOI: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.50

Na3Tb(PO4)2: Synthesis, crystal structure and greenish emitting properties

A anhydrous orthoborate Na3Tb(PO4)2 has 585 nm and 620 nm) with the CIE coordinate been prepared and its crystal structure was of (0.3062, 0.5901), corresponding to determined by X-Ray diffraction of a non- greenish color. The excitation spectrum merohedral twinned single crystal. The results covers a wide range from 340 nm to 390 nm, show that the compound crystallizes in which indicates that phosphor Na3Tb(PO4)2 monoclinic space group C2/c and the can be efficiently activated by near-UV LED structure features a 3D framework containing ship. PO4, NaO6, NaO7, NaO8 and TbO8 polyhedra. Under near-UV excitation (370 nm), DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.10.044 Na3Tb(PO4)2 shows intense characteristic emission bands of Tb3+ (490 nm, 543 nm,

3+ Structural and Optical Properties of Yellow-Emitting CaGd2ZrSc(AlO4)3:Ce Phosphor for Solid-State Lighting

Single-phase yellow phosphor, demonstrated that the phosphor could be 3+ 3+ CaGd2−xZrSc(AlO4)3:xCe (CGZSA:Ce ), excited at the wavelength of 440 nm; a broad possessing cubic symmetry with varied Ce3+ yellow emission band was centered at 541 concentrations, was synthesized using the nm. These results indicate that the phosphors solid-state reaction method. The samples were are adequately excited by blue light and have characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the potential to function as yellow-emitting excitation spectra, emission spectra, thermal phosphors for applications in white light- quenching, and decay curves. The cubic phase emitting diodes. of CGZSA:Ce3+ phosphor was confirmed via XRD analysis. The DOI: 10.4191/kcers.2017.54.5.09 spectra of CGZSA:Ce3+ phosphor

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3+ K7Ca9[Si2O7]4F:Ce : a novel blue-emitting phosphor with good thermal stability for ultraviolet-excited light emitting diodes

In this work, a novel potassium-calcium has been manufactured by connecting a 380 silicate-fluoride based phosphor: nm UV chip with a blend of KCSOF:Ce3+, 2+ 2+ K7Ca9[Si2O7]4F (KCSOF) has been (Sr, Ba)SiO4:Eu and CaAlSiN3:Eu . The successfully synthesized by a solid-state color coordinates, correlated color reaction at low temperature. The occupation temperature and of the of Ce3+ is studied by Rietveld refinement, manufactured LED device are (0.421, 0.407), properties and decay curves. 3256 K and 95.55, respectively. These results KCSOF:Ce3+ presents a wide absorption band suggest that the blue-emitting KCSOF:Ce3+ ranging from 240 to 420 nm and displays blue phosphor has good prospects for applications emission (λmax = 445 nm). Good thermal in white UV LEDs. stability has also been detected, which shows that it still retains 90% of the initial intensity DOI: 10.1039/C7TC02561K at 200 °C. In addition, a white LED device

3+ A broad-band orange-yellow-emitting Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12:Ce phosphor for application in warm white light-emitting diodes

3+ A new garnet-type Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12 luminescent materials. The synthetic Ce - compound was successfully synthesized via doped Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12 phosphor shows high-temperature solid–state reaction. The intense and broad-band orange-yellow crystal structure was confirmed by the emission peaking at about 575 nm under near- Rietveld refinement method and belongs to a ultraviolet (n-UV) and blue light excitation. cubic system with a space group of Ia d (230) Additionally, the quantum efficiency, thermal and cell parameters of a = b = c = stability, and packing performance were 11.88310(1) Å. There are two different investigated to evaluate the practical use in crystallographic positions for Mg2+ with white LEDs. The results indicate that 3+ coordination numbers of eight and six, Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12: Ce may be a promising respectively. A relatively large band gap (4.83 orange-yellow phosphor for warm white eV) was estimated by the diffuse reflectance LEDs. spectrum, indicating that Lu2Mg2Al2Si2O12 may be a promising host matrix for DOI: 10.1039/C7RA08760H

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Novel Patents

Solid state lighting devices utilizing memristors

LED chip circuits, solid state light engines and SSL luminaires are disclosed that utilize memristors to vary LED chip emission. In different embodiments the resistance of said memristor can be varied to vary the drive signal applied to one or more LED chips, thereby varying the LED chip emission intensity. The present invention can be used in much different arrangement to vary LED chip emission, such as changing the drive signals to LED chips that experience changes in emission intensity at different temps. or that experience emission intensity depreciation" over time.

US 9807825 B2

A quantum dot and yag phosphor mixed doped for liquid crystal display device

The present invention relates to liq. crystal quantum dot film disposed on the reflection display technol. field, it is specifically related plate, the light source structure is divided into to a kind of quantum dot and YAG phosphor two parts, can effectively isolate the scattered is mixed with the liq. crystal display device, light structure, to further reduce the heat of the light source structure is composed of solid quantum dots due to temp. change is not heat dissipation aluminum shell (1), PCB stable. circuit board (2), blue light led (3) and quantum dot film (4) is constituted by the solid heat dissipation aluminum shell (1) is strip-shaped groove shape, By the blue light led (3) through the PCB circuit board (2) is mounted on the top of the heat dissipation aluminum shell bottom slot, solid heat dissipation aluminum shell (1) is provided with transparent glass tank port (12), by the quantum dot film (4) laying on the guide plate (5) the light incident port, quantum dot film

(4) is distributed with yellow phosphor quantum dot and other features. The present CN 107300804 A invention improves the color gamut, you can reach 110%; In addn., the present invention in

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Wavelength conversion members including phosphors having different thermal conductivities and volumes and projectors containing such converters

Wavelength conversion devices are described which comprise: a substrate; and a wavelength conversion layer that contains a first phosphor and a second phosphor, the second phosphor having a higher thermal cond. and a larger vol. than the first phosphor. The wavelength conversion layer includes a first portion and a second portion; the first portion is located closer to the substrate than the second portion, and is in direct contact with the second portion. Thicknesses of the first portion and the second portion are equal to each other. A vol. V11 of the first phosphor in the first portion, a vol. V12 of the second phosphor in the first portion, a vol. V21 of the first phosphor in the second portion, and a US 20170307968 A1 vol. V22 of the second phosphor in the second portion satisfy V11/V12

Lighting device including a phosphor light emitter and light projector, a vehicle headlamp using the same

The lighting device includes a fluorescent light emitter comprising two or more types of phosphor particles having different peak wavelengths of light emission excited by receiving light emitted from an excitation light source, a light projector, wherein the relative positional relationship between the phosphor light emitter and the light projector is set so that the color distribution of the projected light is made uniform. According to the present invention, an illumination device and a vehicle headlamp using it capable of reducing color unevenness without increasing the no. of parts are provided.

JP 2017195061 A

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Film thickness measuring device

distribution (two - dimensional oil film thickness distribution).

JP 2017194416 A

To measure the oil film thickness changing constantly within one stroke with high resolution and high density with the lapse of time under the same situation as the actual use situation of the internal engine. A cylinder holder 100 having a light transmitting portion, a cylinder made entirely of transparent glass, a piston 104, a piston ring, and an outer circumferential surface of a cylinder and a piston ring and an outer circumferential surface of a piston 104 And a lubricating oil for mixing a fluorescent substance in a predetermined period of time longer than a unit time in which the piston reciprocates once in the cylinder, Simultaneously irradiating a continuous laser having an output of 5 W or more in two dimensions and at the same time photographing the intensity emitted by the fluorescent substance when the laser light is irradiated by the high speed camera 50, the two-dimensional fluorescence intensity Oil film thickness measuring device that measures changes over time in

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