Sam's F-Lamp FAQ Fluorescent Lamps, Ballasts, and Fixtures Principles of Operation, Circuits, Troubleshooting, Repair Version 1.90
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Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs
Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs What is a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) bulb? A CFL bulb is a type of fluorescent bulb that screws into a standard light socket, such as a lamp or ceiling light fixture. CFLs use much less energy and last up to 10 times longer than standard light bulbs. What is in a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) bulb? A CFL bulb is made of glass, a ceramic and metal base, a luminous powder called phosphor, and a small amount of mercury. How much mercury is contained in a CFL bulb? Manufacturers report that the amount of mercury contained in a CFL bulb is five milligrams, which is less than two ten-thousandths of an ounce. The mercury could be in the form of an invisible vapor or in a bead the size of the period at the end of this sentence. A mercury fever thermometer contains about 100 times more mercury than a CFL bulb. Is it harmful is it to be in the room where a CFL bulb has broken? The amount of mercury vapor that is released from one broken bulb is not enough to make anyone sick. However, it is best to avoid any exposure to mercury. We recommend that you ventilate the room air to the outdoors by opening a window or a door and leave the room for a few hours before cleaning up the broken bulb. How should I clean up a broken CFL bulb? It is not necessary to hire a professional to clean up the bulb. By following the directions below, you can safely clean up a broken CFL bulb. -
An In-Situ Photometric and Energy Analysis of a Sulfur Lamp Lighting System
LBL-37006 L-200 Presented at the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Annual Conference, New York, NY, July 29- August 3, 1995, and published in the Proceedings. An In-Situ Photometric and Energy Analysis of a Sulfur Lamp Lighting System Doug Crawford, Carl Gould, Michael Packer, Francis Rubinstein, and Michael Siminovitch Lighting Research Group Environmental Energy Technologies Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, California 94720 June 1995 This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technologies, Office of Building Equipment of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE- AC03-76SF00098. An In-Situ Photometric and Energy Analysis of a Sulfur Lamp Lighting System Doug Crawford, Carl Gould, Michael Packer, Francis Rubinstein and Michael Siminovitch Lighting Research Group Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Abstract This paper describes the results of a photometric and energy analysis that was conducted on a new light guide and sulfur lamp system recently installed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Forrestal Building. This novel system couples two high lumen output, high efficiency sulfur lamps to a single 73 m (240 ft.) hollow light guide lined with a reflective prismatic film. The system lights a large roadway and plaza area that lies beneath a section of the building. It has been designed to completely replace the grid of 280 mercury vapor lamps formerly used to light the space. This paper details the results of a field study that characterizes the significant energy savings and increased illumination levels that have been achieved. -
A High-Efficiency Indirect Lighting System Utilizing the Solar 1000 Sulfur Lamp
LBNL-40506 L-205 Proceedings of the Right Light 4 Conference, November 19-21, 1997, in Copenhagen, Denmark. A High-Efficiency Indirect Lighting System Utilizing the Solar 1000 Sulfur Lamp Michael Siminovitch, Carl Gould, and Erik Page Lighting Systems Research Group Building Technologies Program Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 June 1997 This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs, Office of Building Equipment of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. A High-Efficiency Indirect Lighting System Utilizing the Solar 1000 Sulfur Lamp Michael Siminovitch, Carl Gould, and Erik Page Lighting Systems Research Group Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 USA ABSTRACT High-lumen light sources represent unique challenges and opportunities for the design of practical and efficient interior lighting systems. High-output sources require a means of large-scale distribution and avoidance of high-luminance glare while providing efficient delivery. An indirect lighting system has been developed for use with a 1000 Watt sulfur lamp that efficiently utilizes the high-output source to provide quality interior lighting. This paper briefly describes the design and initial testing of this new system. INTRODUCTION Currently the lighting market is seeing the evolution and emergence of sources producing high-lumen output, high-efficacy, and good color rendering quality. These sources, specifically the sulfur lamp and high-wattage metal halides, offer significant advantages in terms of efficacy, color rendering quality, and lamp life. The emergence of efficient high-lumen output lamps offers the potential for both reduced energy use and reductions in building costs associated with reducing the number of fixtures required to maintain a specific illuminance level. -
Fluorescent Lighting About the Guide
RESPONSIBLE PURCHASING GUIDE fluorescent lighting About the Guide The Responsible Purchasing Guide for Lighting is published by the Responsible Purchasing Network in print, as a PDF file, and on the web. Print and PDF copies are available to the public for purchase. The online edi- tion includes additional resources available to members of the Responsible Purchasing Network, including: searchable product listings, multiple policy and specification samples, comparisons of standards, and related documents. Visit www.ResponsiblePurchasing.org to purchase a copy or to access the members-only web- based edition of the Guide. Responsible Purchasing Network © 2007 About the Responsible Purchasing Network The Responsible Purchasing Network (RPN) was founded in 2005 as the first national network of procurement-related professionals dedicated to socially and environmentally responsible purchasing. RPN is a program of the Center for a New American Dream (www.newdream.org) and guided by a volunteer Steering Committee of leading procurement stakeholders from government, industry, educational institutions, standards setting organizations, and non-profit advocacy organizations. Acknowledgements The Responsible Purchasing Network (RPN) would like to thank the following people for assisting with the development of this Guide. Their expertise helped to ensure quality and accuracy, though RPN alone accepts responsibility for any errors or omissions. Affiliations listed below were current when input was provided to RPN and are listed for identification purposes -
Skylighter™ Brand Fluorescent Strobe Lighting
Skylighter™ Brand Fluorescent Strobe Lighting Operator’s Manual Skylighter CFF2 Skylighter CFF4 Skylighter CFF8 OPERATOR MANUAL FOR SKYLIGHTER Skylighter CFF2 Skylighter CFF4 Skylighter CFF8 Thank you for selecting the Photogenic Professional Skylighter CFF series. The CFF series incorporates the newest electronic components, lamps, reflectors, and diffusion panels providing improved lighting distribution and control. These products are built for the demanding operational needs of the professional photographer and it is our expectation that your Skylighter CFF will provide you with years of dependable service. INTRODUCTION The Skylighter CFF series are an extremely diffused light head and require an external power supply. They have one, two, or four professional, plug-in, linear flashtubes, and one, two, or four non-adjustable, linear, fluorescent modeling lamps. The Skylighter CFF series are stand mounted on a strong, rotating yoke, but may be ceiling hung, as required. Before using your new Skylighter CFF for the first time, please read this manual carefully and acquaint yourself with the controls and features. In this way, you can quickly get the greatest benefit from your new unit and maintain an efficient and safe operation. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Despite the measures that have been taken to make electronic flash equipment safe, it must be recognized that high voltages and high temperatures do exist within the power supply / lighting unit. Certain precautions must be observed in handling the unit. Contact with internal high voltage may result in severe injury or death. 1. Before installing or removing the flashtubes and modeling lamps, be sure this appliance is turned off, cooled and unplugged from AC power source and external power supply. -
Fluorescent Lamp
FLUORESCENT LAMP SELECTION GUIDE FEBRUARY 2015 Keystone presents the easiest solution for high performance, high efficiency lamps. With long life and exceptional reliability, Keystone energy efficient lamps provide the same high quality you have come to expect from Keystone. When installing Keystone lamps and ballasts together, you experience the industry’s best warranty program and a lighting system that is guaranteed to perform. FEATURES AND BENEFITS • High Color Rendering Index • Lumen Maintenance of Up to 94% • Eco-Friendly and TCLP Compliant • Energy Efficient • Long Life: Up to 36,000 Hours • Reduced Maintenance and Disposal Costs KEYSTONE FLUORESCENT SYSTEM WARRANTY Keystone Standard Lamp Warranty Period Keystone Fluorescent System Warranty Period 24 months 36 months (Lamp Portion) We proudly stand behind all of our products. By pairing a Keystone lamp with a Keystone ballast, customers are eligible for a 36-month Keystone Fluorescent System Warranty. The Keystone Fluorescent System Warranty extends the standard 24-month warranty included with our lamps by an additional 12 months. In the event that you need to utilize our warranty, we’ll work with you to make it easy and hassle-free. Visit www.keystonelamp.com for more details. LIGHTING COLOR GUIDE Warm Light Neutral Light Cool Light Warm White Color, Warm Tones Neutral to Bright White Color, Neutral or Cooler Tones Cool White Color, Cooler Daylight Tones 2600K 3500K 4100K 5000K 6500K ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS T5 Linear Rated Average Life3 Nominal Base Nominal Case Color Temp. Initial -
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Office of Compliance fast facts advancing safety, health, and workplace rights in the legislative branch January 2009 Compact Fluorescent Lamps Environmental issues are a top priority for many Fluorescent lamps contain a organizations. These days, it's hard to watch TV small amount of mercury vapor without hearing how businesses and institutions can - approximately 5 milligrams - help the environment by "going green." One sealed within the glass tubing. increasingly popular way of contributing to the Mercury, at atmospheric pres- green movement is to install compact fluorescent sure, is a silver colored liquid lamps (CFLs), a fluorescent bulb designed to emit that tends to form balls. Mercury as much light as traditional light bulbs while using is a hazardous substance that can less energy. CFLs use about 75 percent less energy be inhaled, absorbed through the Figure 2:Burnt out CFL than standard incandescent bulbs and can last up to skin, and ingested. It is a neurotoxin that can cause - 10 times longer. CFLs also produce about 75 among many additional symptoms - tremors, insom- percent less heat, so they're safer to operate and can nia, lassitude, weight-loss, and emotional distur- cut building cooling bances. Because CFLs contain a small amount of costs. mercury, they should be recycled rather than thrown out in the trash. Fluorescent light bulbs (including compact Mercury is a critical component of CFLs and is the fluorescents) are more substance that allows the lamp to turn on. No mer- energy-efficient than cury is released when the lamps are intact or in use, regular bulbs because and if the lamp is disposed of properly, mercury in Figure 1: Compact Fluorescent Lamp of the different method CFLs shouldn't be an environmental, safety, or they use to produce health hazard. -
A High-Power Source of Optical Radiation with Microwave Excitation
ISBN: 978-84-9048-719-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/Ampere2019.2019.9761 A HIGH-POWER SOURCE OF OPTICAL RADIATION WITH MICROWAVE EXCITATION G. Churyumov1, 2, A. Denisov1, T. Frolova2, N. Wang1, J. Qiu1 11Harbin Institute of Technology, 92, West Dazhi Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, China 2 Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, 14, Nauky Ave., 61166, Kharkiv, Ukraine [email protected] Keywords: microwave heating, magnetron, electrodeless sulfur lamp, plasma, microwave excitation 1. Introduction For more than 50 years, interest to the microwave heating technology has not weakened. In addition to the traditional areas of its application, which described in detail in [1], recently there has been an expansion of technological possibilities for the use of microwave energy associated with the impact of electromagnetic waves of the microwave range on various materials (sintering of metal and ceramic powders) and media, including plasma [2]. One such new direction is the creation of high-power and environmentally friendly sources of optical radiation on the basis of the electrodeless sulfur lamp with microwave excitation [2, 3]. As it is known, Michael Ury and his associates at Fusion Systems invented this radically new lamp in 1990, but the lamp was not ideal because of the complexity of its design [4]. Therefore, it was not put into production. However, every year the scientific interest was growing. An analysis of scientific publications shows that every 5 years a new country is joined to this issue. Now more than in 10 countries of all would including USA, Great Britain, South Korea, Netherlands, Germany, Russia, and so on where there are research teams that are carried out an investigation concerning the electrodeless lamps with microwave excitation. -
Fluorescent Lamp Recycling and Disposal
Fluorescent Lamp Recycling and Disposal State of Hawaii, Department of Health 2020 Fluorescent Lamps Disclaimer: The listings of companies or services on this brochure are not complete and do not constitute an endorsement by the State of Hawaii Source Method Notes Regular household trash In case of breakage, wrap up bulbs in newspaper to prevent injury and mercury dispersion. Oahu, Maui, and Kauai Hawaii Island/Big Island please use County Household Hazardous Waste Drop-Off (see below) Accepts Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) and tubes. For the next drop off day, please visit Oahu https://www.opala.org/solid_waste/Household_Hazardous_Waste.htm l City & County Household Hazardous Waste Maui Drop-off https://www.mauicounty.gov/742/Environmental-Protection- Sustainability- Household Kauai https://www.kauai.gov/hhw Hawaii Island/Big Island https://www.hawaiizerowaste.org/recycle/household-hazardous- waste/ Home Depot CFL drop boxes located inside the store. Place used/spent bulbs into prepaid shipping boxes. https://www.grainger.com/ https://www.aircycle.com/program/lamps/ Mail back system For additional mail back system options please visit: https://health.hawaii.gov/shwb/files/2014/10/Hauler-and-Recyclers- List-1008141.pdf Please use a hazardous or universal waste See Hazardous and universal waste haulers and recyclers list: Business hauler or recycler https://health.hawaii.gov/shwb/files/2014/10/Hauler-and-Recyclers- For questions please contact: State of Hawaii, Department of Health, Solid & Hazardous Waste Branch (808) 586-4226 . -
Efficient Lighting Using Compact Fluorescent Lamps and Fixtures
APPLICATION NOTE An In-Depth Examination of an Energy Summary Efficiency Technology Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) can provide energy savings of up to 75 per- cent and slash maintenance costs in many common applications formerly Efficient Lighting dominated by incandescents. The chal- lenge is to obtain excellent visual qual- ity with these compact sources, as they Using Compact are often misapplied. This application note draws on the experience of lighting Fluorescent Lamps designers, manufacturers, and product users to provide guidance in how—and and Fixtures how not—to apply compact fluores- cents. CFLs come in several sizes and con- figurations, and can be applied nearly anywhere that incandescent sources are used for general area lighting. Ap- plications include ceiling downlights, task lights, wall sconces, and pendant and decorative fixtures. But even these Summary .............................................1 versatile light sources cannot be used everywhere, and they must be applied How This Technology Saves carefully to get satisfactory results. Energy .................................................1 Limitations include difficulty in dimming, Types of Compact Fluorescents.......3 the availability of lamps in sizes that fit existing fixtures, sensitivity to frequent Applicability ........................................5 on-off cycling, and low beam power be- cause of the diffuse linear light source. Field Observations to Assess In addition, lamp orientation and tem- Feasibility............................................7 perature need to be considered, since Estimation of Energy Savings ...........8 they can affect light output. Cost and Service Life .........................9 How This Technology Laws, Codes, and Regulations........10 Saves Energy Definitions of Key Terms .................10 References to More Information......11 Compact fluorescent lamps are simply miniature versions of full-sized fluores- Major Manufacturers ........................11 cents, with a few key differences. -
Automotive Headlamp HID Ballast Reference Design Using the Dspic® DSC Device
AN1372 Automotive Headlamp HID Ballast Reference Design Using the dsPIC® DSC Device Compared with conventional halogen lamps, Xenon Author: Jin Wang lamps have features of high luminous efficacy, low Microchip Technology Inc. power consumption, good color rendering and long lamp life. Xenon lamp automotive headlamp systems INTRODUCTION greatly improve the safety of driving at night. In recent years, High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps FIGURE 1: VOLTAGE AND CURRENT have been accepted as a good lighting source for OF HID LAMPS AT STEADY automotive headlight applications. However, the start- STATE up process of an automotive HID lamp is complex. It consists of six stages and each stage presents different V characteristics, which need different control strategies. A digitally controlled ballast has many advantages over the traditional analog approach: • Convenient implementation of sophisticated control algorithms • High performance operation • Effective protection • Very robust I • Low cost This application note focuses on the implementation of HID Electronic Ballast an automotive HID electronic ballast using a Microchip GS-series 16-bit Digital Signal Controller (DSC). HID lamps present a negative resistance characteristic, which is shown in Equation 1. HID Lamp EQUATION 1: NEGATIVE RESISTANCE Gas is a good insulator under normal conditions. CHARACTERISTIC However, special conditions such as a strong electric field, x-ray radiation, ion bombardment, and high dV lamp < temperature heat could lead to ionization of gas ----------------- 0 dIlamp molecules and produce free-charged particles. These charged particles can conduct current under an electric field, which is known as gas discharge. This means the ballast is unstable if the lamp was directly connected to a voltage source. -
Light-Emitting Diode - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A light-emitting diode (LED) (pronounced /ˌɛl iː ˈdiː/[1]) is a semiconductor Light-emitting diode light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962,[2] early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of Red, green and blue LEDs of the 5mm type 2 the semiconductor. An LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm ), and Type Passive, optoelectronic integrated optical components are used to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection.[3] LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources Working principle Electroluminescence including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, Invented Nick Holonyak Jr. (1962) smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more Electronic symbol precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Pin configuration Anode and Cathode Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly indicators) and in traffic signals.