Civil Aviation Aircraft Accident Summary for the Year 2005

CIVIL AVIATION AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR 2005

1. INTRODUCTION

The information contained in the publication is 56th in the series. "Notifiable accidents", which took place in India during the year 2005 have been listed in a classified chronological order along with the summary and the cause of the accidents.

There have been three accidents during the year. All the accidents have been investigated by Inspector of Accidents. One of the accidents to Ecureil 120B helicopter VT-VYZ owned and operated by M/s India Fly Safe Aviation (P) Ltd has proved fatal resulting in death of two passengers and one crewmember.

Incidents such as precautionary landings, forced landings, aborted take off, air misses, bird strikes etc. are not listed in this publication, although all these have been investigated.

The recommendations emanating from all such investigations of accidents and incidents are being implemented for enhancing the level of air safety. Statistical data of accidents and fatalities in respect of airlines operations including flying clubs and aerial operations is given in table 1 to 14.

NOTE: All timings given in this publication are in IST (Indian Standard Time).

2. Definitions

i) Accident

An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, in which a) A person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of being in the aircraft, or direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the aircraft, or direct exposure to jet blast, except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or b) The aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected components, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or accessories, or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, Tyres, brakes, fairings, small dents or puncture holes in the aircrafts skin; or c) The aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.

NOTE : An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has been terminated and the wreckage has not been located. ii) Serious Injury :

An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and which :

a) Require hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven days from the date the injury was received; or

b) Results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose); or

c) Involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage nerve, muscle or tendon damage; or

d) Involves injury to any internal organ; or

e) Involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than five percent of the body surface; or

f) Involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation.

3. INVESTIGATION OF ACCIDENTS (Aircraft Rules, 1937)

Rule 71 - Inspector's Investigation :

The Director General may order the investigation of any accident involving an aircraft whether such accident is required to be notified under Rule 68 or not, and may, by general or special order, appoint any person (hereinafter referred to as an "Inspector of Accidents") for the purpose of carrying out such investigation.

Rule 74 - Committee of Inquiry :

The Central Government may, at its discretion, appoint a committee of Inquiry composed of two or more persons to hold an inquiry into an accident in which an aircraft is involved, and such a committee shall have the same powers as an Inspector of Accidents.

Rule 75 - Formal Investigations :

Where it appears to the Central Government that it is expedient to hold a formal investigation of an accident it may, whether or not an investigation or an inquiry has been made under Rule 71 or 74, by order direct a formal investigation to be held.

The Central Government shall appoint a competent person (referred as Court), to hold the investigation, and may appoint one or more persons possessing legal, aeronautical engineering or other special knowledge to act as accessory to the Court.

The Court shall hold the investigation in open Court in such manner and such conditions as the Court may think fit for ascertaining the causes and circumstances of the accident and for enabling it to make the report hereinafter mentioned:

Provided that where the Court is of opinion that holding the investigation is likely

a) To be prejudicial to the interests of any country; or b) To jeopardize the personal safety of a person who is willing to make any statement or give evidence, the Court may hold in camera, the whole or part of the investigation.

4. TYPES OF FLYING i) Airline Operation:

The operation include all scheduled, non-scheduled and non-revenue flying by Indian, Air India, Alliance Air, Jet Airways, Sahara Airlines, Air Deccan, Kingfisher, Go Air, Spicejet and Paramount. ii) Non-Scheduled Operations:

The operation includes all non-scheduled ferry; non-revenue, charter and test flying by other operators holding non-scheduled operators permit and engaged primarily in such operations. iii) Flying Training:

Includes all flights for the purpose of initial issue of a flying licence, for conversion and practice flying or qualifying for renewal / endorsement of pilots licence and test and ferry flying by organisation engaged primarily in flying training. iv) Aerial Work:

Includes aerial survey, aerial, mustering on a commercial basis, aerial ambulance, aerial agricultural operations etc. and test and ferry flying by organisation engaged principally in aerial work operations. v) Private and Business:

Includes private, pleasure and business flying and practice flying when the flying is not directly connected with the purposes of obtaining a higher licence qualifications.

4 NON SCHEDULED OPERATION - 01

1. Aircraft Type EC120, COLIBRI Helicopter Registration VT-YAZ 2. Date and Time 19.01.2005, 1435 Hrs IST 3. Location Bilakhia Cricket Stadium, Vapi 4. Persons on board Crew 01 Passengers 04 5. Injury index Fatal Serious Minor/None Crew Nil 01 Nil Passenger Nil 01 03 Others Nil Nil Nil 6. Damage to Aircraft Substantial 7. Pilot-in- Licence CPL (H) 509 Command Age 46 ½ yrs.

SUMMARY

EC120 Helicopter owned and operated by M/s Bilakhia Holdings Pvt Ltd was engaged in non-scheduled operation on 19.01.2005 from Juhu aerodrome to Bilakhia Cricket Stadium, Vapi. There were five persons on board including the pilot. All the four passengers were foreign nationals. The enroute flight was uneventful. The helicopter before landing at Vapi approached fast to hover and after hitting/contacting the ground with rear portion of the main skid went up about 10-15 feet. Thereafter the helicopter rocked and yawed to left and came heavily on the ground with right bank and tail down attitude. The helicopter was substantially damaged. All the persons on board received serious injuries. There was no fire at any stage before or after the accident.

The probable cause of the accident:

“Excessive collective control input by the pilot to recover the helicopter from a degraded approach at a very low height made the helicopter to sink heavily and crash.

Contributory Factors:

Pilot’s distraction due continued arial video graphy from the helicopter and accepting the circumstances possibly due (i) complacency of high experience on the type and (ii) familiarity with home based helipad are considered as prominent contributory factors to the accident.”

Factor: Pilot – Improper handling

5 NON SCHEDULED OPERATION – 02

1. Aircraft Type EC-120B Colibri Helicopter Registration VT-VYJ 2. Date and Time 31.03.05; 1230 Hrs approx. 3. Location Village Mehangi, Saharanpur, UP. 4. Persons on board Crew 01 Passengers 04 5. Injury index Fatal Serious Minor/None Crew 01 NIL NIL Passenger 02 02 NIL Others NIL NIL NIL 6. Damage to Aircraft Substantial 7. Pilot-in- Licence CPL (H) 508 Command Age 45 Yrs. Total Hrs 4231 Hrs.

SUMMARY

Ecureil 120B helicopter VT-VYZ owned and operated by M/s India Fly Safe Aviation (P) Ltd was operating Chandigarh-Delhi flight on 31.03.2005. There were five persons on board the helicopter including the pilot in command. The passengers included prominent ministers from Haryana Govt their security personal and a businessman. During start up at Chandigarh the engine temperature exceeded the limit and the pilot decided to continue the flight ignoring the warning. Enroute Delhi the engine failed and the pilot could not execute autorotation and impacted vertically with the ground. Three persons including pilot received fatal injuries and the aircraft sustained substantial damage.

The probable cause of the accident:

“The accident was caused due to improper execution of autorotative landing subsequent to engine failure in flight. The installation of a wrong ferrule, which cools the turbine, installed on the engine during its manufacture and continuation of flight by the pilot even after exceedence of engine temperature during start-up resulted in engine failure during flight

Factor: Pilot – Improper handling

NON SCHEDULED OPERATION – 03

1. Aircraft Type Robinson R-44 Helicopter Registration VT-PHC 2. Date and Time 4.4.2005; 1232 Hrs IST 3. Location Bongaigaon, Assam 4. Persons on board Crew 01 Passengers 02 5. Injury index Fatal Serious Minor/None Crew Nil 01 Nil Passenger Nil 02 Nil Others Nil Nil Nil 6. Damage to Aircraft Substantial. 7. Pilot-in- Licence CHPL No. 624 Command Age 44 yrs. Aprox Total Hrs 215:40 hrs.

SUMMARY

Robinson Helicopter owned and operated by M/s PHHL was engaged in non-scheduled operation on 04.04.2005 to operate flight on sector Noonmati (Guwahati) - Bongaigaon- Madarihat. The Helicopter was hired by Oil India to survey its pipelines. There were 03 persons on board the helicopter including pilot. The flight from Noonmati to Bongaigaon was uneventful. The helicopter took-off from Bongaigaon with same set of persons on board. After hovering at 2-3 places the helicopter took-off and climbed to a height of 80- 100 feet. Thereafter the helicopter started loosing height accompanied by spin. The descent of helicopter could not be arrested and it crash-landed in a field adjacent to the boundary wall of Refinery. The helicopter was substantially damaged. There was no fire at any stage. All the persons on board received serious Spinal injuries.

The probable cause of the accident:

The helicopter took right turn at low height and low forward speed immediately after lift-off, causing Main Rotor stall, as a result of which the helicopter impacted the ground heavily.

Low flying experience of the pilot & improper handling of emergency situation were the contributory factors to accident.

Factor: Pilot – Improper handling

7 TABLE – 1

CLASSIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS (POWERED AIRCRAFT) BY NATURE OF FLIGHT FOR THE YEAR 2005

Nature No. of No. of Crew Passengers Others Aircraft Damage of Flight Accidents Fatal Killed Seriously Killed Seriously Killed Seriously Destroyed Substantial Minor/Nil Accidents Injured Injured Injured 1 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Airlines NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Operation Non 03 01 01 02 02 05 NIL NIL NIL 03 NIL Scheduled Operation Aerial NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Work Flying NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Training Private & NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Business` Total 03 01 01 02 02 05 NIL NIL NIL 03 NIL

TABLE – 2

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF AIR INDIA FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled, Domestic/ International Hours Flown (No.) 16929/123122 Passengers carried (No.) 913904/3418868 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 8941/91874 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 854573/19527804 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 3

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF INDIAN AIRLINES FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled, Domestic/ International Hours Flown (No.) 102974/55175 Passengers carried (No.) 5693653/1497405 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 62011/31912 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 5837631/3701000 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

9 TABLE – 4

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF ALLIANCE AIR FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled Domestic Hours Flown (No.) 25109 Passengers carried (No.) 1091581 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 12317 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 816842 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 5

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF JET AIRWAYS FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled, Domestic/ International Hours Flown (No.) 153181/12106 Passengers carried (No.) 8707506/319537 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 77521/8395 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 7504719/1088611 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 6

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF SAHARA AIRLINES FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled, Domestic/ International Hours Flown (No.) 72289/4478 Passengers carried (No.) 2748035/140993 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 39706/2803 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 3141780/231306 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. Flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 7

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF AIR DECCAN FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled Domestic Hours Flown (No.) 54100 Passengers carried (No.) 2273607 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 22736 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 1939653 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. Flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 8

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF KINGFISHER FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled Domestic Hours Flown (No.) 9516 Passengers carried (No.) 621978 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 6384 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 602130 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. Flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 9

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF GO AIR FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled Domestic Hours Flown (No.) 704 Passengers carried (No.) 49835 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 309 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 27916 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. Flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 10

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF SPICEJET FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled Domestic Hours Flown (No.) 6939 Passengers carried (No.) 673933 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 4538 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 712783 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. Flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE – 11

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF PARAMOUNT FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled Domestic Hours Flown (No.) 174 Passengers carried (No.) 6930 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 266 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 5066 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. Flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

13 TABLE – 12

ACCIDENT STATISTICS AND FATALITY RATE OF AIR INDIA, INDIAN, ALLIANCE AIR, JET AIRWAYS, SAHARA AIRLINES, AIR DECCAN, KINGFISHER, GO AIR, SPICEJET AND PARAMOUNT FOR THE YEAR 2005

Type of Operation Scheduled Domestic/ International Hours Flown (No.) 441915/194881 Passengers carried (No.) 22780962/5376803 Kilometers flown (in thousand) 234729/134984 Passenger Kilometers flown (in thousand) 21443093/24548721 Total Number of Accidents NIL Number of Fatal Accidents NIL Crew fatalities NIL Passenger fatalities NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (crew) NIL Fatality rate per 100 million passenger Km (passenger) NIL Accident rate per 100 million Km. flown NIL Fatal Accident per 100 million passenger Km flown NIL Accident rate per 100,000 Hours flown NIL Fatal Accidents per 100,000 Hours flown NIL

TABLE - 13

POWERED AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS BY CLASS OF PILOTS LICENCE FOR THE YEAR 2005

CLASS OF LICENCE HELD TOTAL ACCIDENTS FATAL ACCIDENTS

SPL NIL NIL

PPL NIL NIL

CPL NIL NIL

SCPL NIL NIL

ALTP NIL NIL

CHPL 03 01

TOTAL NIL NIL

14 TABLE - 14

AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS BY PHASE OF OPERATION FOR THE YEAR 2005

PHASE OF OPERATION TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF INVOLVEMENT TOTAL STATIC NIL NIL

TAXI NIL NIL TAKE-OFF 01 33.33 %

IN-FLIGHT 01 33.33 %

LANDING 01 33.33 %