Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China
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A Major Locus Controls a Biologically Active Pheromone Component in Heliconius Melpomene
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/739037; this version posted August 19, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 A major locus controls a biologically active pheromone component in Heliconius melpomene 2 Kelsey J.R.P. Byers1,2,9, Kathy Darragh1,2,9, Jamie Musgrove2, Diana Abondano Almeida2,3, Sylvia Fernanda 3 Garza2,4, Ian A. Warren1, Pasi Rastas5, Marek Kucka6, Yingguang Frank Chan6, Richard M. Merrill7, Stefan 4 Schulz8, W. Owen McMillan2, Chris D. Jiggins1,2,10 5 6 1 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 7 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama 8 3 Present address: Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany 9 4 Present address: Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, 10 Konstanz, Germany & Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 11 Konstanz, Germany 12 5 Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 13 6 Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tuebingen, Germany 14 7 Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany 15 8 Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 16 Braunschweig, Germany 17 9 These authors contributed equally to this work 18 10 To whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected] 19 Running title: Genetics of bioactive pheromones in Heliconius 20 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/739037; this version posted August 19, 2019. -
BIO 313 ANIMAL ECOLOGY Corrected
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE: BIO 314 COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1 BIO 314: ANIMAL ECOLOGY Team Writers: Dr O.A. Olajuyigbe Department of Biology Adeyemi Colledge of Education, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. Miss F.C. Olakolu Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Mrs H.O. Omogoriola Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, No 3 Wilmot Point Road, Bar-beach Bus-stop, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. EDITOR: Mrs Ajetomobi School of Agricultural Sciences Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, Lagos 2 BIO 313 COURSE GUIDE Introduction Animal Ecology (313) is a first semester course. It is a two credit unit elective course which all students offering Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Biology can take. Animal ecology is an important area of study for scientists. It is the study of animals and how they related to each other as well as their environment. It can also be defined as the scientific study of interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. Since this is a course in animal ecology, we will focus on animals, which we will define fairly generally as organisms that can move around during some stages of their life and that must feed on other organisms or their products. There are various forms of animal ecology. This includes: • Behavioral ecology, the study of the behavior of the animals with relation to their environment and others • Population ecology, the study of the effects on the population of these animals • Marine ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their abiotic (non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce) and biotic factors (living things or the materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment). -
The Mcguire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity
Supplemental Information All specimens used within this study are housed in: the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (MGCL) at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA (FLMNH); the University of Maryland, College Park, USA (UMD); the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, France (MNHN); and the Australian National Insect Collection in Canberra, Australia (ANIC). Methods DNA extraction protocol of dried museum specimens (detailed instructions) Prior to tissue sampling, dried (pinned or papered) specimens were assigned MGCL barcodes, photographed, and their labels digitized. Abdomens were then removed using sterile forceps, cleaned with 100% ethanol between each sample, and the remaining specimens were returned to their respective trays within the MGCL collections. Abdomens were placed in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes with the apex of the abdomen in the conical end of the tube. For larger abdomens, 5 mL microcentrifuge tubes or larger were utilized. A solution of proteinase K (Qiagen Cat #19133) and genomic lysis buffer (OmniPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit) in a 1:50 ratio was added to each abdomen containing tube, sufficient to cover the abdomen (typically either 300 µL or 500 µL) - similar to the concept used in Hundsdoerfer & Kitching (1). Ratios of 1:10 and 1:25 were utilized for low quality or rare specimens. Low quality specimens were defined as having little visible tissue inside of the abdomen, mold/fungi growth, or smell of bacterial decay. Samples were incubated overnight (12-18 hours) in a dry air oven at 56°C. Importantly, we also adjusted the ratio depending on the tissue type, i.e., increasing the ratio for particularly large or egg-containing abdomens. -
Viruses 2015, 7, 306-319; Doi:10.3390/V7010306 OPEN ACCESS
Viruses 2015, 7, 306-319; doi:10.3390/v7010306 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review History and Current Status of Development and Use of Viral Insecticides in China Xiulian Sun Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-27-8719-8641; Fax: +86-27-8719-8072 Academic Editors: John Burand and Madoka Nakai Received: 1 December 2014 / Accepted: 14 January 2015 / Published: 20 January 2015 Abstract: The use of insect viruses as biological control agents started in the early 1960s in China. To date, more than 32 viruses have been used to control insect pests in agriculture, forestry, pastures, and domestic gardens in China. In 2014, 57 products from 11 viruses were authorized as commercial viral insecticides by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. Approximately 1600 tons of viral insecticidal formulations have been produced annually in recent years, accounting for about 0.2% of the total insecticide output of China. The development and use of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus, and Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus are discussed as case studies. Additionally, some baculoviruses have been genetically modified to improve their killing rate, infectivity, and ultraviolet resistance. In this context, the biosafety assessment of a genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus is discussed. Keywords: viral insecticides; commercialization; genetic modification 1. Introduction Research on insect viruses in China started with the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in the mid-1950s [1] and, to date, more than 200 insect virus isolates have been recorded in China. -
Phylogenomics Reveals Major Diversification Rate Shifts in The
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/517995; this version posted January 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Phylogenomics reveals major diversification rate shifts in the evolution of silk moths and 2 relatives 3 4 Hamilton CA1,2*, St Laurent RA1, Dexter, K1, Kitching IJ3, Breinholt JW1,4, Zwick A5, Timmermans 5 MJTN6, Barber JR7, Kawahara AY1* 6 7 Institutional Affiliations: 8 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 9 2Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, & Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 10 83844 USA 11 3Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 12 4RAPiD Genomics, 747 SW 2nd Avenue #314, Gainesville, FL 32601. USA 13 5Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross St, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, 14 Australia 15 6Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK 16 7Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA 17 *Correspondence: [email protected] (CAH) or [email protected] (AYK) 18 19 20 Abstract 21 The silkmoths and their relatives (Bombycoidea) are an ecologically and taxonomically 22 diverse superfamily that includes some of the most charismatic species of all the Lepidoptera. 23 Despite displaying some of the most spectacular forms and ecological traits among insects, 24 relatively little attention has been given to understanding their evolution and the drivers of 25 their diversity. -
Characteristics Involved in Conformers of Bombykol and Its Derivatives
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 72, No. 9, pp. 3337-341, September 1975 Biochemistry Correlation of moth sex pheromone activities with molecular characteristics involved in conformers of bombykol and its derivatives (olfaction/conformational analysis) TOSHIHIDE KIKUCHI Department of Biological Science, Tohoku University, Kawauchi, Sendai 980, Japan Communicated by V. C. Dethier, June 6,1975 ABSTRACT Molecular characteristics of bombykol and distance between functional groups involved in these com- its 11 derivatives, which reveal significant correlations with pounds depends upon their conformations as well as their biological activities for single sex pheromone receptor cells configurations. With considerations of frequency distribu- of four moth species, Bombyx mori, Aglia tau, Endromis versicolora, and Deileplila euphorbiae, were examined on tion patterns of the distances between a pair of methyl and the assumption of the "bifunctional unit model." Probabili- hydroxyl groups involved with conformers of bombykol and ties of bifunctional unit formations of those 12 compounds its derivatives, the attempts described below could provide were assessed with frequency distribution patterns of dis- demonstrations on the relationships between pheromone ac- tances between the proton acceptor, the proton donor, and tivities and their molecular characteristics. the methyl group involved in a total of 1,200 conformers. A highly significant correlation exists between biological activ- ity for each species and the probability of a particular bi- functional -
Taxonomic Remarks on Andraca Walker, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) with Descriptions of Five New Species
Zootaxa 3262: 22–34 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Taxonomic remarks on Andraca Walker, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) with descriptions of five new species VADIM V. ZOLOTUHIN Department of Zoology, State Pedagogical University of Ulyanovsk, pl. Lenina 4, RUS-432700, Ulyanovsk, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Andraca Walker, 1865, is divided into two subgenera, one of them new: Chrypathemola Zolt., subgen. nov. (type species Andraca apodecta Swinhoe, 1907). The following new species are described: Andraca draco, sp. nov. (from Java); Andraca lawa, sp. nov. (from Palawan), Andraca paradisea, sp. nov. (from Philippines), Andraca chrysocollis, sp. nov. (from Philippines) and Andraca (Chrypathemola) nobilorum, sp. nov. (from Vietnam). A male lectotype for Andraca bipunctata Walker, 1865 is designated from the collection of ZMHU; this designation led to the new synonymy: Andraca bipunctata Walker, 1865 = Andraca angulata Kishida, 1993, syn. nov. The systematics of the family Bombycidae is briefly discussed. Key words: Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, Oberthuerinae, Andraca, new species, new synonymy, taxonomy Introduction This article describes new species and taxonomic arrangements in the bombycid genus Andraca Walker, 1865. The members of the genus Andraca are of non-bombycid external appearance—with broad and short wings, mostly with apex pointed to falcate, with a characteristic tuft of scales on the anal margin of the hind wing (a character typical for the Bombycidae, s. lat., and formerly treated as an autapomorphy of the family). The genus was established in Bombycidae, transferred to the Notodontidae by van Eecke (1921, Tijdschr. -
Inntttrrroooddduuuccc
CCHHAAPPTTEERR 11 IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN 1.1. TEA: JOURNEY FROM THE WILDERNESS TO THE CUP OF CIVILIZATION Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an evergreen plant that is cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical climates for its leaves, which are dried, fermented, processed and consumed as much-loved beverage. For centuries tea has been an integral part of people around the globe for its refreshing aromatic flavor which invigorates billions of life every morning with its first sip. In fact after water, tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world (van der Wal, 2008). It was discovered in around 2700 BC, crowning it to be one of the oldest beverages in the world. It has been an integral part of human civilization for having tremendous medicinal, commercial and cultural value. The genus Camellia belongs to the family Theaceae. It was first elaborately described by Sealy in 1958 with reported 82 species, classified into 12 sections. Chang (1998) later rearranged the native Chinese Camellia into 280 species under four subgenera and 22 sections. All Camellia spp. does not produce the globally renowned beverage ‘tea’ (Benerjee, 1988), in fact many species are cultivated to produce ‘tea tree oils’ and some P a g e | 1 others like Camellia japonica, Camellia sasanqua etc. are grown as ornamental plants (Benerjee, 1992). A free grown tea tree can reach a height of 30-40 feet if left un-pruned (Carr and Stephens, 1992). However, for the ease of harvesting young shoots they are either pruned or skiffed time to time to maintain a bed of reachable height. -
Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Bombycoidea Insects and Implications for Their Phylogeny
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Bombycoidea Insects and Implications for Their Phylogeny Received: 20 February 2017 Zhao-Zhe Xin, Yu Liu, Xiao-Yu Zhu, Ying Wang, Hua-Bin Zhang, Dai-Zhen Zhang, Chun-Lin Accepted: 22 June 2017 Zhou, Bo-Ping Tang & Qiu-Ning Liu Published online: 26 July 2017 The mitochondrial genome (mt genome) provides important information for understanding molecular evolution and phylogenetics. As such, the two complete mt genomes of Ampelophaga rubiginosa and Rondotia menciana were sequenced and annotated. The two circular genomes of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana are 15,282 and 15,636 bp long, respectively, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and an A + T-rich region. The nucleotide composition of the A. rubiginosa mt genome is A + T rich (81.5%) but is lower than that of R. menciana (82.2%). The AT skew is slightly positive and the GC skew is negative in these two mt genomes. Except for cox1, which started with CGA, all other 12PCGs started with ATN codons. The A + T-rich regions of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana were 399 bp and 604 bp long and consist of several features common to Bombycoidea insects. The order and orientation of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana mitogenomes with the order trnM-trnI-trnQ-nad2 is diferent from the ancestral insects in which trnM is located between trnQ and nad2 (trnI-trnQ-trnM- nad2). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that A. rubiginosa belongs in the Sphingidae family, and R. menciana belongs in the Bombycidae family. -
Long-Term Changes to the Frequency of Occurrence of British Moths Are Consistent with Opposing and Synergistic Effects of Climate and Land-Use Changes
Journal of Applied Ecology 2014, 51, 949–957 doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12256 Long-term changes to the frequency of occurrence of British moths are consistent with opposing and synergistic effects of climate and land-use changes Richard Fox1*, Tom H. Oliver2, Colin Harrower2, Mark S. Parsons1, Chris D. Thomas3 and David B. Roy2 1Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP, UK; 2NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK; and 3Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK Summary 1. Species’ distributions are likely to be affected by a combination of environmental drivers. We used a data set of 11 million species occurrence records over the period 1970–2010 to assess changes in the frequency of occurrence of 673 macro-moth species in Great Britain. Groups of species with different predicted sensitivities showed divergent trends, which we interpret in the context of land-use and climatic changes. 2. A diversity of responses was revealed: 260 moth species declined significantly, whereas 160 increased significantly. Overall, frequencies of occurrence declined, mirroring trends in less species-rich, yet more intensively studied taxa. 3. Geographically widespread species, which were predicted to be more sensitive to land use than to climate change, declined significantly in southern Britain, where the cover of urban and arable land has increased. 4. Moths associated with low nitrogen and open environments (based on their larval host plant characteristics) declined most strongly, which is also consistent with a land-use change explanation. 5. Some moths that reach their northern (leading edge) range limit in southern Britain increased, whereas species restricted to northern Britain (trailing edge) declined significantly, consistent with a climate change explanation. -
Aesa Based Package
AESA BASED PACKAGE TEA Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine National Institute of Plant Health and Storage Management N. H. IV, Faridabad, Haryana Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telaangana DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA The AESA based IPM - Tea, was compiled by the NIPHM working group under the Chairmanship of Dr. Satyagopal Korlapati, IAS, DG, NIPHM, and guidance of Shri. Utpal Kumar Singh JS (PP). The package was developed taking into account the advice of experts listed below on various occasions before finalization. NIPHM Working Group: Chairman : Dr. Satyagopal Korlapati, IAS, Director General Vice-Chairmen : Dr. S. N. Sushil, Plant Protection Advisor : Dr. P. Jeyakumar, Director (PHM) Core Members : 1. Er. G. Shankar, Joint Director (PHE), Pesticide Application Techniques Expertise. 2. Dr. O. P. Sharma, Joint Director (A & AM), Agronomy Expertise. 3. Dr. Satish Kumar Sain, Assistant Director (PHM), Pathology Expertise. 4. Dr. Dhana Raj Boina, Assistant Director (PHM), Entomology Expertise. 5. Sri. D. Chatopadhyaya, Assistant Director (PHM), Entomology Expertise. Other Members : 1. Dr. B. S. Sunanda, Assistant Scientific Officer (PHM), Nematology Expertise. Contributions by DPPQ&S Experts: 1. Shri. Ram Asre, Additional Plant Protection Advisor (IPM), 2. Dr. K. S. Kapoor, Deputy Director (Entomology), 3. Dr. Sanjay Arya, Deputy Director (Plant Pathology), 4. Dr. Subhash Kumar, Deputy Director (Weed Science) 5. Dr. C. S. Patni, Plant Protection Officer (Plant Pathology) Contributions by External Experts: 1. Dr. Somanth Roy, Scientist C, Department of Entomology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat – 785008, Assam, India 2. Dr. Hitendra Kumar Rai, Senior Scientist, Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur 3. -
Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e22236 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236 Taxonomic Paper A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Ian J Kitching‡, Rodolphe Rougerie§, Andreas Zwick |, Chris A Hamilton¶, Ryan A St Laurent¶, Stefan Naumann#, Liliana Ballesteros Mejia§,¤, Akito Y Kawahara¶ ‡ Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Paris, France | CSIRO - Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia ¶ Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America # Hochkirchstrasse 71, Berlin, Germany ¤ CESAB, Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité, Aix-en-Provence, France Corresponding author: Ian J Kitching ([email protected]), Rodolphe Rougerie ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev Received: 13 Nov 2017 | Accepted: 08 Feb 2018 | Published: 12 Feb 2018 Citation: Kitching I, Rougerie R, Zwick A, Hamilton C, St Laurent R, Naumann S, Ballesteros Mejia L, Kawahara A (2018) A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e22236. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236 ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:937DDBF7-10F3-4700-B188-227F33800216 Abstract Background Bombycoidea is an ecologically diverse and speciose superfamily of Lepidoptera. The superfamily includes many model organisms, but the taxonomy and classification of the superfamily has remained largely in disarray. Here we present a global checklist of Bombycoidea. Following Zwick (2008) and Zwick et al. (2011), ten families are recognized: Anthelidae, Apatelodidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Carthaeidae, Endromidae, Eupterotidae, Phiditiidae, Saturniidae and Sphingidae. The former families Lemoniidae and Mirinidae are included within Brahmaeidae and Endromidae respectively.