Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(6): 1612-1621

E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Macro of Tinsukia district, Assam: A JEZS 2017; 5(6): 1612-1621 © 2017 JEZS provisional inventory Received: 10-09-2017 Accepted: 11-10-2017

Subhasish Arandhara Subhasish Arandhara, Suman Barman, Rubul Tanti and Abhijit Boruah Upor Ubon Village, Kakopather, Tinsukia, Assam, Abstract

Suman Barman This list reports 333 macro species for the Tinsukia district of Assam, India. The moths were Department of Wildlife Sciences, captured by light trapping as well as by opportunistic sighting across 37 sites in the district for a period of Gauhati University, Assam, three years from 2013-2016. Identification was based on material and visual examination of the samples India with relevant literature and online databases. The list includes the family, subfamily, tribes, scientific name, the author and year of publication of description for each identified species. 60 species in this Rubul Tanti inventory remain confirmed up to . Department of Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College, Tamil Nadu, Keywords: Macro moths, inventory, , Tinsukia, Assam India Introduction Abhijit Boruah Upor Ubon Village, Kakopather, The order Lepidoptera, a major group of plant-eating and thus, from the agricultural Tinsukia, Assam, India and forestry point of view they are of immense importance [1]. About 134 families comprising 157, 000 species of living Lepidoptera, including the butterflies has been documented globally [2], holding around 17% of the world's known fauna. Estimates, however, suggest more species in the order [3]. Naturalists for convenience categorised moths into two informal

groups, the macro moths having larger physical size and recency in evolution and micro moths [4] that are smaller in size and primitive in origin . Tinsukia district situated on the eastern most part of Assam is exceptionally variable, both geographically and biologically. Covering almost 3790 sq. km, the district spans 27°22' to 27°95'N and 95°00' to 96°00'E. Subtropical warm and humid climate prevails with temperature

ranging from 8.4° C to 39 °C. Topographically the district is characterised by (1) the flood prone banks of the rivers Brahmaputra, Luhit, Buri Dehing and Dibru, (2) the plains and (3) the foot hill regions bordering Arunachal Pradesh [5, 6]. Tropical evergreen, tropical semi- evergreen, and mixed deciduous forests form a complex fragmented mosaic covering about 1315.95 sq. km(s) of the district [7]. In the recent years, urbanization in the district is well-

defined by agglomeration of human settlements, while, agriculture and commercial utilization of lands are under expansion. At present 34.96% of the district is utilized as agricultural land. Cultivation of rice, sugarcane, and other vegetables has long been practiced, but, these lands are slowly replaced into commercial cultivation of tea, linked to a large number of tea gardens. With the pace of development, the natural habitats are altered and considered for the [8, 9] ecological imbalance between the biotic communities . In order to monitor these aspects, [10] lower taxa such as the insects have been long used as a key group for ecological research . There is a need for species inventories especially for insect taxa of this district, such that the trend of biodiversity documentation can be further taken forward towards ecological research and conservation planning for the species as well as habitats concerned.

The literature on study and documentation of moths in this area is scarce. Hampson G.F., Bell th and Scott documented moths from this region in 19-20 century and described in the books on Fauna of British India moths [11-14]. In the past decade, a small number of scattered studies undertaken were published in form of academic dissertations, journals, and books [15- 17] Correspondence This study aimed at documenting the macro moths of the district aided by light traps, Subhasish Arandhara Upor Ubon Village, Kakopather, collecting equipment and photographs in a period of three consecutive years from 2013-2016. Tinsukia, Assam, India

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Fig 1: Map of (A) India, (B) Assam and (C) Tinsukia district with administrative blocks, blue points symbolize sampling sites; overlapped points represent more than one site

Materials and Methods accuracy in Quantum GIS [18] by entering latitude, longitudes Study Area: The species were recorded from the and elevation of sampling recorded in a Global Positioning administrative block regions of Kakopather, Saikhowa, System (GPS). Hapjan, Tinsukia, Itakhuli and Margherita. A total of 37 sites were visited during the study period comprising four habitat Sampling and collection: Sampling was carried out using types; (1) Disturbed urban lands confined to Tinsukia, Doom 6x4 feet white sheet attached to two vertical poles.160w Dooma, Margherita characterised by agglomerative human mercury vapour bulb centered to spread white sheet connected settlements, ornamental trees, commercial tea plantations with to 240v mains wherever accessible or else a portable 9w oil drilling and open cast coal mining operations, (2) Semi actinic-UV tube powered by a 12 v battery is used for remote natural habitats confined to Kakopather, Doom Dooma, areas where mains were inaccessible. The lights were started Philobari, Jagun, Guijan, Digboi characterised by human from 17:00 hours to 04:00 hours and visited in intervals to settlements that share forest edges with scattered forest trees, ensure species aggregated do not escape the recording event. ornamental plants and agriculture lands, (3) Degraded The trap coordinates were taken as well as elevation and evergreen forests confined to Digboi and Margherita habitat type was noted. Once the moths aggregated into the characterised by sparse Dipterocarpus trees altered with sheet, they were photographed. Specimens collected as increasing deforestation and (4) Tropical evergreen forests vouchers outside the protected areas were curated in confined to Saraipung Range characterized by dense Department of Zoology, Digboi College, Assam and Dipterocarpus, , trees with modest deforestation deposited as personal collections. and industry experimental activities. Identification: Moths were identified based on available Mapping the study area: A district shapefile registered to a literature, taxonomic accounts [11-14, 20, 21-25] and classified survey of India toposheet (1:10,000) is used as study area following Nieukerken et al, Holloway and Zahiri et al [2, 32]. map. The site locations were plotted as point layers with 50 m

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Table 1: Coordinates, elevation and habitat types among 37 sites selected for inventory and ecological studies of moths at Tinsukia district, Assam, 2013–2016

S. No Sites Latitude Longitude Elevation(m) Habitat type 1 Digboi 27.39894 95.59719 141 Degraded evergreen forest 2 - 27.39224 95.62198 150 Semi natural habitat 3 - 27.39742 95.61004 152 Degraded evergreen forest 4 - 27.35566 95.61200 182 Semi natural habitat 5 - 27.35599 95.56184 245 Tropical evergreen forest 6 Doom Dooma 27.56298 95.55628 121 Semi natural habitat 7 - 27.56900 95.55483 129 Disturbed urban land 8 - 27.57165 95.55435 130 Disturbed urban land 9 - 27.55557 95.57066 135 Semi natural habitat 10 - 27.56260 95.57504 136 Semi natural habitat 11 Guijan 27.57375 95.32286 121 Semi natural habitat 12 - 27.56388 95.30280 119 Semi natural habitats 13 - 27.54210 95.31288 127 Degraded evergreen forest 14 Kakopather 27.63704 95.67230 139 Semi natural habitat 15 - 27.63538 95.66148 141 Semi natural habitat 16 - 27.64203 95.64560 148 Degraded evergreen forest 17 Margherita 27.29236 95.67597 141 Disturbed urban land 18 - 27.31720 95.65054 144 Degraded evergreen forest 19 - 27.28392 95.73461 175 Disturbed urban land 20 - 27.24683 95.64570 355 Tropical evergreen forests 21 - 27.24008 95.59814 419 Tropical evergreen forests 22 Philobari 27.57518 95.66143 142 Semi natural habitat 23 - 27.54707 95.69987 143 Semi natural habitat 24 - 27.54472 95.69680 143 Degraded evergreen forest 25 - 27.54486 95.69106 143 Degraded evergreen forest 26 Saraipung 27.33396 95.48449 132 Tropical evergreen forest 27 - 27.34826 95.49849 145 Tropical evergreen forest 28 - 27.31942 95.51169 183 Tropical evergreen forest 29 Talup 27.72605 95.58990 127 Semi natural habitat 30 - 27.68425 95.58441 128 Semi natural habitat 31 Tinsukia 27.49385 95.33717 123 Disturbed urban lands 32 - 27.51500 95.33510 124 Disturbed urban lands 33 - 27.47076 95.33434 125 Disturbed urban lands 34 - 27.47218 95.32817 122 Semi natural habitats 35 Jagun 27.35991 95.91797 159 Semi natural habitats 36 - 27.36221 95.89093 154 Degraded evergreen forest 37 - 27.34108 95.91741 225 Tropical evergreen forest

Species enumeration Genus Callidula Moore Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758 9. Callidula erycinoides Felder, 1874 Suborder Glossata Fabricius, 1775 Genus Tetragonus Geyer Infraorder Heteroneura Tillyard, 1918 10. Tetragonus catamitus Geyer, 1832 Clade Apoditrysia Minet, 1983 Subfamily Pterothysaninae Superfamily Cossoidea Leach, 1815 Genus Pterothysanus Walker Family Cossidae Leach, 1815 11. Pterothysanus laticilia Walker, 1854 Genus Xyleutes Hubner Clade Macroheterocera Chapman, 1893 1. Xyleutes mineus Cramer, 1777 Superfamily Lasiocampoidea Harris, 1841 2. Xyleutes persona le Guillou, 1841 Family Harris, 1841 Genus Zeuzera Latreille Subfamily Harris, 1841 3. Zeuzera multistrigata Moore, 1881 Genus Metanastria Hubner Superfamily Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809 12. Metanastria hyrtaca Cramer, 1779 Family Latreille, 1809 Genus Paralebeda Aurivillius Genus Cyclosia Hübner 13. Paralebeda plagifera Walker, 1855 4. Cyclosia papilionaris Drury, 1773 Genus Kunugia Nagano Genus Hope 14. Kunugia latipennis Walker, 1855 5. Clerck, 1759 15. Kunugia sp. 1 Genus Gynautocera Guérin-Méneville Genus Trabala Walker 6. Gynautocera papilionaria Guérin-Meneville, 1831 16. Trabala vishnou Lefèbvre, 1827 Genus Pidorus Walker 17. Trabala ganesha Roepke, 1951 7. Pidorus glaucopis Drury, 1773 Genus Radhica Moore Genus Trypanophora Kollar 18. Radhica elisabethae de Lajonquière, 1977 8. Trypanophora semihyalina Kollar, 1844 Genus Odonestis Germar Clade Obtectomera Minet, 1986 19. Odonestis bheroba Moore, 1858 Family Callidulidae Moore, 1877 Genus Euthrix Meigen

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20. Euthrix laeta Walker, 1855 Genus Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway 21. Euthrix sp. 1 55. Eupanacra mydon Walker, 1856 Genus Crinocraspeda Hampson 56. Eupanacra mydon Walker, 1856 22. Crinocraspeda torrida Moore 1879 57. Eupanacra busiris Walker,1856 Superfamily Latreille, 1802 58. Eupanacra automedon Walker, 1856 Family Latreille, 1802 Genus Boisduval Subfamily Latreille, 1802 59. Acosmeryx shervillii Boisduval, 1875 Tribe Acherontini 60. Stoll, 1781 Genus Acherontia Laspeyres Genus Elibia Walker 23. Westwood 1847 61. Elibia dolichus Westwood 1847 24. Fabricius, 1798 Genus Bremer & Grey Genus Argius Hubner 62. Ampelophaga dolichoides Felder 1874 25. Argius convolvuli Linnaeus, 1758 63. Bremer & Grey 1852 Tribe Sphingini Genus Daphnis Hubner Genus Psilogramma Rothschild and 64. Daphnis nerii Linnaeus, 1758 26. Psilogramma increta Walker 1865 Tribe 27. Psilogramma discistriga Walker, 1856 Genus Cephonodes Hübner Genus Staudinger 65. Linnaeus 1771 28. Walker, 1856 Genus Macroglossum Scopuli, 1777 Subfamily Grote & Robinson, 1865 66. Macroglossum pyrrhosticta Butler 1875 Tribe 67. Macroglossum sitiene Walker 1856 Genus Clanis Hubner Family Boisduval, 1837 29. Clanis titan Rothschild and Jordan, 1903 Subfamily Saturninae Genus Polyptychus Hubner Genus Actias Leech 30. Polyptychus trilineatus Moore, 1888 68. Actias maenas Doubleday, 1847 Genus Marumba Moore 69. Actias selene Hübner, 1806 31. Marumba spectabilis Butler 1875 Genus Antheraea Hubner 32. Marumba dyras Walker, 1856 70. Antheraea helferi Moore, 1859 Tribe 71. Antheraea frithi Moore, 1859 Genus Amplypterus Hubner 72. Antheraea assamensis Helfer, 1837 33. Amplypterus panopus Cramer 1779 73. Antheraea paphia Linnaeus, 1758 Genus Westwood Genus Loepa Moore 34. Ambulyx ochracea Butler, 1885 74. Loepa katinka Westwood, 1848 35. Ambulyx substrigilis Westwood 1848 75. Loepa sikkima Moore, 1865 36. Ambulyx liturata Butler 1875 Genus Cricula Walker 37. Ambulyx sericeipennis Butler 1875 76. Helfer, 1837 38. Ambulyx moorei Moore, 1858 Genus Attacus Linnaeus Genus Daphnusa Walker 77. Attacus atlas Linnaeus, 1758 39. Daphnusa ocellaris Walker, 1856 Genus Samia Hubner Genus Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan 78. Samia canningi Hutton, 1859 40. Callambulyx rubricosa Walker 1856 Family Swinhoe, 1892 Subfamily Macroglossinae Harris, 1839 Genus Brahmaea Walker Tribe 79. Brahmaea hearseyi White, 1862 Genus Angonyx Boisduval Family Bombycidae Latreille, 1802 41. Angonyx testacea Walker, 1856 Genus Bombyx Linnaeus Genus Enpinanga Rothschild & Jordan 80. Bombyx mori Linnaeus, 1758 42. Enpinanga assamensis Walker 1856 Genus Mustilia Walker Genus Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaway 81. Mustilia sphingiformis Moore, 1879 43. Neogurelca hyas Walker, 1856 Genus Walker 44. Neogurelca himachala Kirby 1892 82. Andraca bipunctata Walker, 1865 Genus Hubner Genus Trilocha Moore 45. Hippotion rosetta Swinhoe 1892 83. Trilocha varians Walker, 1855 Genus Theretra Hubner Family Swinhoe, 1892 46. Theretra nessus Drury, 1773 Genus Eupterote Hubner 47. Theretra boisduvali Bugnion 1839 84. Eupterote sp.1 48. Theretra latreillii W.S. MacLeay, 1827 Genus Ganisa Walker 49. Theretra silhetensis Walker, 1856 85. Ganisa plana 50. Theretra oldenlandiae Fabricius 1775 Superfamily Drepanoidea Boisduval, 1828 51. Theretra suffusa Walker, 1856 Family Boisduval, 1828 Genus Pergesa Walker Subfamily Boisduval, 1828 52. Pergesa acteus Cramer, 1777 Genus Tridrepana Swinhoe Genus Rhagastis 86. Tridrepana fulvata Snellen, 1876 53. Rhagastis castor Walker, 1856 87. Tridrepana unispina Watson, 1957 Genus Rothschild & Jordan 88. Tridrepana flava Moore, 1879 54. Walker, 1856 Genus Felder

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89. Moore, 1866 Genus Chiasmia Hübner Genus Canucha Walker 117. Chiasmia nora Walker, 1861 90. Canucha specularis Moore, 1879 118. Chiasmia emersaria Walker, 1861 Genus Zusidava Walker Genus Godonela Boisduval 91. Zusidava sp. 1 119. Godonela sp. 1 Genus Oreta Walker Tribe 92. Oreta sp. 1 Genus Guenée Genus Phalacra Walker 120. Hyposidra violescens Hampson, 1895 93. Phalacra sp. 1 121. Walker, 1860 Genus Auzata Walker 122. Hyposidra sp. 1 94. Auzata sp. 1 Genus Chorodna Walker Genus Teldenia Moore 123. Chorodna metaphaeria Walker, 1862 95. Teldenia vestigiata Butler, 1880 124. Chorodna strixaria Guenée, 1857 Subfamily Cyclidiinae Warren, 1922 Genus Vindusara Moore Genus Cyclidia Guenée 125. Vindusara moorei Thierry-Mieg, 1899 96. Cyclidia substigmaria Hübner, 1831 Genus Krananda Moore Subfamily Thyatirinae Smith, 1893 126. Krananda semihyalina Moore, 1868 Genus Thyatira Ochsenheimer Genus Erebomorpha Walker 97. Thyatira batis Linnaeus, 1758 127. Erebomorpha fulgurita Walker, 1860 Superfamily Leach, 1815 Genus Amblychia Guenée Family Geometridae Leach, 1815 128. Amblychia angeronaria Guenée, 1857 Subfamily Duponchel, 1845 Genus Xandrames Moore Tribe Hypochrosini 129. Xandrames dholaria Moore, 1868 Genus Hypochrosis Guenée Genus Leach 98. Hypochrosis hyadaria Guenée, 1857 130. Biston bengaliaria Guenée, 1857 Tribe 131. Biston suppressaria Guenée, 1858 Genus Hyperythra Guenée Genus Milionia Walker 99. Hyperythra lutea Stoll, 1781 132. Milionia basalis Walker, 1854 Genus Achrosis Guenée Genus Zanclopera Warren 100. Achrosis sp. 1 133. Zanclopera falcata Warren, 1894, Genus Walker Genus Cleora Curtis 101. Walker, 1860 134. Cleora sp. 1 102. Fascellina plagiata Walker, 1866 Subfamily Oenochromina Scoble & Edwards, 1989 103. Fascellina sp. 1 Genus Sarcinodes Guenée Genus Corymica Walker 135. Sarcinodes aequilinearia Walker, 1860 104. Corymica pryeri Butler, 1878 Subfamily Desmobathrinae Meyrick, 1886 Tribe Ourapterygini Tribe Desmobathrini Genus Ourapteryx Leach Genus Celerena Walker 105. Ourapteryx sp. 1 136. Celerena divisa Walker, 1862 106. Ourapteryx sp. 2 Tribe Eumeleini Tribe Baptini Genus Eumelea Duncan Genus Tasta Walker 137. Eumelea biflavata Warren, 1896 107. Tasta sp. 1 Subfamily Leach, 1815 Genus Synegia Guenée Tribe Dysphaniini 108. Synegia sp. 1 Genus Hübner Genus Lomographa Hübner 138. Dysphania militaris Linnaeus, 1758 109. Lomographa inamata Walker, 1860 Tribe Geometrini Tribe Abraxini Genus Epipristis Meyrick Genus Abraxas Leach 139. Epipristis sp. 1 110. Abraxas sp. 1 Genus Pingasa Moore Tribe Plutodini 140. Pingasa sp. 1 Genus Plutodes Guenée Genus Pachyodes Guenée 111. Plutodes flavescens Butler, 1880 141. Pachyodes pratti Prout, 1927 112. Plutodes costatus Butler, 1886 Genus Herochroma Swinhoe Tribe Thinopterygini 142. Herochroma sp. 1 Genus Thinopteryx Butler Genus Tanaorhinus Butler 113. Thinopteryx crocoptera Kollar, 1844 143. Tanaorhinus viridiluteatus Walker, 1861 Genus Xeropteryx Butler Genus Mixochlora Warren 114. Xeropteryx sp. 1 144. Mixochlora vittata Moore, 1867 Tribe Cassymini Genus Agathia Guenée Genus Zamarada Moore 145. Agathia laetata Fabricius, 1794 115. Zamarada sp. 1 146. Agathia lycaenaria Kollar, 1848 Genus Orthocabera Butler 147. Agathia arcuata Moore, 1868 116. Orthocabera sericea Butler, 1879 148. Agathia codina Swinhoe, 1892 Tribe Macariini 149. Agathia diversiformis Warren, 1894

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Genus Eucyclodes Warren Superfamily Latreille, 1809 150. Eucyclodes gavissima Walker, 1861 Family Leach, 1815 151. Eucyclodes semialba Walker, 1861 Subfamily Leach, 1815 152. Eucyclodes sanguilineata Moore, 1868 Tribe Genus Maxates Moore Genus Walker 153. Maxates coelataria Walker, 1861 179. Fabricius, 1794 154. Maxates dysides Prout, 1922 180. Artena rubida Walker, 1863 Genus Pseudeuchlora Hampson Genus Anticarsia Hübner 155. Pseudeuchlora kafebera Swinhoe, 1894 181. Anticarsia irrorata Fabricius, 1781 Genus Pareumelea Holloway Genus Thyas Hübner 156. Pareumelea eugeniata Guenée, 1857 182. Thyas coronata Fabricius, 1775 Genus Pelagodes Holloway 183. Thyas honesta Hübner, 1806 157. Pelagodes sp. 1 Genus Ophiusa Ochsenheimer Genus Hübner 184. Ophiusa triphaenoides Walker, 1858 158. Comibaena sp. 1 Genus Rectipalpula Joannis Genus Berta Walker 185. Rectipalpula billeti Joannis, 1900 159. Berta chrysolineata Walker, 1863 Genus Achaea Hübner Genus Comostolodes Warren 186. Achaea janata Linnaeus, 1758 160. Comostolodes sp. 1 Genus Buzara Walker Genus Aporandria Warren 187. Buzara onelia Guenée, 1852 161. Aporandria specularia Guenée, 1857 Genus Bastilla Swinhoe Subfamily Meyrick, 1892 188. Bastilla crameri Moore, 1885 Tribe Timandrini 189. Bastilla joviana Stoll, 1782 Genus Traminda Saalmüller 190. Bastilla fulvotaenia Guenée, 1852 162. Traminda aventiaria Guenée, 1857 191. Bastilla acuta Moore, 1883 Tribe Scopulini Genus Pindara Moore Genus Zythos Fletcher 192. Pindara illibata Fabricius, 1775 163. Zythos avellanea Prout, 1932 Genus Guenée Genus Polynesia Swinhoe 193. Fabricius, 1775 164. Polynesia truncapex Swinhoe, 1892 Genus Hübner Genus Problepsis Lederer 194. Chalciope mygdon Cramer, 1777 165. Problepsis eucircota Prout, 1913 Genus Trigonodes Guenée 166. Problepsis vulgaris Butler, 1889 195. Trigonodes hyppasia Cramer, 1779 Genus Scopula Schrank Genus Mocis Hübner 167. Scopula sp. 1 196. Mocis frugalis Fabricius, 1775 Tribe Sterrhini Genus Goniophila Hampson Genus Lophophleps Hampson 197. Goniophila sp. 1 168. Lophophleps triangularis Hampson, 1895 Tribe Ercheiini Tribe Genus Walker Genus Chrysocraspeda Swinhoe 198. Cramer, 1779 169. Chrysocraspeda sp. 1 Tribe Catephiini Subfamily Larentiinae Duponchel, 1845 Genus Serrodes Guenée Genus Ecliptopera Warren 199. Serrodes campana Guenée, 1852 170. Ecliptopera rectilinea Warren, 1894 Genus Avatha Walker Tribe unassigned 200. Avatha chinensis (Warren, 1913). Genus Acolutha Warren Tribe Sypnini 171. Acolutha pictaria Moore, 1888 Genus Daddala Walker Family Leach, 1815 201. Daddala sp.1 Subfamily Uraniinae Blanchard, 1845 Tribe Hulodini Genus Lyssa Hübner Genus Hulodes Guenée 172. Lyssa zampa Butler, 1869 202. Hulodes caranea Cramer, 1780 Genus Urapteroides Moore 203. Hulodes donata Schultze, 1907 173. Urapteroides astheniata Guenée, 1857 Genus Guenée Subfamily Microninae Guenée, 1857 204. Lacera sp. 1 Genus Acropteris Geyer Tribe Hypopyrini 174. Acropteris grammearia Geyer, 1832 Genus Hypopyra Guenée Genus Micronia Guenée 205. Hypopyra ossigera Guenée, 1852 175. Micronia aculeata Guenée, 1857 206. Hypopyra vespertilio Fabricius, 1787 Subfamily Epipleminae Genus Spirama Guenée Genus Phazaca Holloway 207. Spirama retorta Clerck, 1764 176. Phazaca sp. 1 Tribe Unassigned Genus Orudiza Walker Genus Ischyja Hübner 177. Orudiza protheclaria Walker, 1861 208. Ischyja manlia Cramer, 1776 Genus Dysaethria Turner 209. Ischyja inferna Swinhoe, 1902 178. Dysaethria sp. 1 Genus Platyja Hübner

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210. Platyja umbrina Doubleday, 1842 245. Phyllodes consobrina Westwood, 1848 Genus Bocula Guenée 246. Phyllodes eyndhovii Vollenhoven, 1858 211. Bocula marginata Moore, 1882 Tribe Anobini Genus Sympis Guenée Genus Anoba Walker 212. Sympis rufibasis Guenée, 1852 247. Anoba pectinata Hampson 1896 Genus Hamodes Guenée 248. Anoba sp 1 213. Hamodes propitia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 Genus Plecoptera Guenée 214. Hamodes aurantiaca Guenée, 1852 249. Plecoptera recta Pagenstecher, 1886 Genus Fodina Guenée Genus Tephriopis Hampson 215. Fodina pallula Guenée, 1852 250. Tephriopis sp. 1 Genus Mecodina Guenée Tribe Unassigned 216. Mecodina sp. 1 Genus Episparis Walker Genus Lycimna Walker 251. Episparis liturata Fabricius, 1787 217. Lycimna polymesata Walker, 1860 252. Episparis tortuosalis Moore, 1867 Genus Chrysopera Hampson 253. Episparis costistriga Walker, 1864 218. Chrysopera combinans Walker, 1858 254. Episparis experimens Walker, 1862 Genus Saroba Walker Subfamily Leach, 1815 219. Saroba pustulifera Walker, 1865 Genus Ochrotrigona Hampson Genus Anomis Hubner 255. Ochrotrigona triangulifera Hampson, 1895 220. Anomis flava Fabricius 1775 Subfamily Lithosiinae Billberg, 1820 Genus Nagia Walker Tribe Nudariini 221. Nagia sp. 1 Genus Cyana Walker Subfamily Guenée, 1858 256. Cyana bicolor Rothschild, 191 Genus Homodes Guenée 257. Cyana catorhoda Hampson, 1897 222. Homodes sp. 1 258. Cyana hamata Walker, 1854 Genus Walker 259. Cyana coccinea Moore, 1878 223. Tamba sp. 1 260. Cyana bellissima Moore, 1878 Genus Walker 261. Cyana effracta Walker, 1854 224. Enispa elataria (Walker, 1861) 262. Cyana signa Walker, 1854 Genus Lopharthrum Hampson Genus Lyclene Moore 225. Lopharthrum comprimens Walker, 1858 263. Lyclene conjuctana Walker, 1854 Genus Hübner 264. Lyclene undulosa Walker, 1854 226. Eublemma sp. 1 265. Lyclene sp. 1 Genus Walker Genus Miltochrista Hubner 227. Condate sp. 1 266. Miltochrista strigivenata Hampson, 1894 Tribe Erebini Genus Barsine Walker Genus Erebus Latreille 267. Barsine sp 1 228. Erebus caprimulgus Fabricius, 1775 268. Barsine sp. 2 229. Erebus ephesperis Hübner, 1827 Tribe Unassigned 230. Erebus hieroglyphica Drury, 1773 Genus Macrobrochis Herrich-Schäffer 231. Erebus macrops Linnaeus, 1768 269. Macrobrochis gigas Walker, 1854 Genus Lygniodes Guenée Genus Vamuna Moore 232. Lygniodes endoleucus Guérin-Méneville 270. Vamuna sp. 1 Genus Arcte Kollar Genus Oeonistis Hubner 233. Arcte modesta Hoeven, 1840 271. Oeonistis altica Linnaeus, 1768 Tribe Calpini Tribe Genus Calyptra Ochsenheimer Subfamily Hampson, 1893 234. Calyptra minuticornis Guenée, 1852 Genus Lymantria Hübner Genus Oraesia Guenée 272. Lymantria mathura Moore, 1865 235. Oraesia emarginata Fabricius, 1794 273. Lymantria concolor Walker, 1855 236. Oraesia sp. 2 274. Lymantria serva Fabricius, 1793 Genus Egnasia Walker Tribe Leucomini 237. Egnasia sp. 1 Genus Perina Walker Genus Plusiodonta Guenée 275. Perina nuda Fabricius, 1787 238. Plusiodonta coelonota Kollar, 1844 Tribe 239. Plusiodonta sp. 1 Genus Orgyia Ochsenheimer Genus Billberg 276. Orgyia sp. 1 240. Eudocima homaena Hübner, 1816 Genus Pantana Walker 241. Eudocima materna Linnaeus, 1767 277. Pantana sp. 1 242. Eudocima phalonia Linnaeus, 1763 Genus Calliteara Butler 243. Eudocima salaminia Cramer, 1777 278. Calliteara grotei Moore, 1859 Genus Cyclodes Guenée Genus Numenes Walker 244. Cyclodes omma van der Hoeven, 1840 279. Numenes siletti Walker, 1855 Tribe Phyllodini 280. Numenes patrana Moore, 1859 Genus Phyllodes Boisduval 281. Numenes sp. 1

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Tribe Nygmiini 316. heliconia Linnaeus, 1758 Genus Nygmia Hübner 317. Asota paphos Fabricius, 1787 282. Nygmia sp. 1 318. Walker, 1854 283. Nygmia sp. 2 319. Asota producta Butler, 1875 Tribe Arctornithini 320. Asota tortuosa Moore, 1872 Genus Arctornis Germar 321. Asota egens Walker, 1854 284. Arctornis l-nigrum Mueller, 1794 Family Grote, 1882 285. Arctornis sp. 1 Subfamily Euteliinae Genus Carriola Swinhoe Genus Targalla Walker 286. Carriola ecnomoda Swinhoe, 1907 322. Targalla subocellata Walker, 1863 287. Carriola sp. 1 Genus Anuga Guenée Tribe unassigned 323. Anuga sp.1 Genus Cispia Walker Family Bruand, 1847 288. Cispia punctifascia Walker, 1855 Subfamily Chloephorinae Genus Pida Walker Genus Guenée 289. Pida sp. 1 324. Xanthodes transversa Guenée, 1852 Subfamily Syntominae Herrich-Schaeffer 1846 Tribe Careini Genus Amata Fabricius Genus Carea Walker 290. Amata passalis Fabricius, 1781 325. Carea angulata Fabricius, 1793 291. Amata bicincta Kollar, 1844 Tribe Ariolicini 292. Amata sp. 1 Genus Ariolica Walker Genus Eressa Walker 326. Ariolica sp. 1 293. Eressa confinis Walker, 1854 Genus Sinna Walker Genus Syntomoides Hampson 327. Sinna sp. 1 294. Syntomoides imaon Cramer, 1780 Genus Titulcia Walker Subfamily Euchromiinae 328. Titulcia confictella Walker, 1864 Genus Euchromia Hübner Family Latreille, 1809 295. Euchromia polymena Linnaeus, 1758 Subfamily Subfamily Genus Mythimna Ochsenheimer Genus Spilosoma Curtis 329. Mythimna sp. 1 296. Spilosoma sp. 1 Subfamily Amphipyrinae Genus Areas Walker Genus Actinotia Hübner 297. Areas galactina Hoeven, 1840 330. Actinotia intermediata (Bremer, 1861) Genus Creatonotos Hübner Subfamily 298. Creatonotos transiens Walker, 1855 Genus Episteme Hubner 299. Creatonotos gangis Linnaeus, 1763 331. Episteme adulatrix Kollar, 1844 Genus Argina Hübner 332. Episteme maculatrix Duncan & Westwood, 1841 300. Argina argus Kollar, 1844 Subfamily Plusiinae 301. Argina astrea Drury, 1773 Genus Thysanoplusia Ichinose Genus Olepa Watson 3.3.3 Thysanoplusia orichalcea Fabricius, 1775 302. Olepa sp. 1 Genus Utethesia Hübner Results and Discussion 303. Utetheisa pulchelloides Hampson, 1907 Documentation presented in preceding section reveals the 304. Utetheisa lotrix Cramer, 1777 presence of 333 macro moth species in the district, 273 Genus Aglaomorpha Kôda species are considered as identified up to species, although 305. Aglaomorpha plagiata (Walker, 1855) vouchers for many species were absent and relied upon Genus Amerila Walker identification by photographs. 60 species in this inventory 306. Amerila astreus Drury, 1773 remain unconfirmed. Arbitrary count on the total number of Genus Oeonistis Hübner moth unveiled 12, 234 individuals representing 16 families 307. Oeonistis altica Linnaeus, 1768 during the sampling period. This study initiated in the early Genus Nyctemera Hubner 2013, was merely based on photographic records, later in 308. Nyctemera adversata Schaller, 1788 2014, the species were collected and curated for Genus Agrisius Walker identification. Micro moths as well as macro moths were 309. Agrisius fuliginosus Moore, 1872 accumulated in the sampling event, the previous group being Tribe Lithosiini taxonomically complex was considered for further study, Genus Thysanoptyx Hampson however 60 species from the micro moth family Crambidae, 310. Thysanoptyx sordida Butler, 1881 well known as grass moths were reported from the district in Subfamily 2016 [27]. Genus Neochera Hübner Among the other inventory surveys on moths from India, 311. Neochera dominia Cramer, 1780 Chandra reported 149 moths from Kanger Valley National 312. Neochera inops Walker, 1854 Park, Madhya Pradesh [28], 102 from Tawang District of 313. Neochera marmorea Walker, 1856 Arunachal Pradesh [29], Smetacek studied Hawk moths from Genus Asota Hübner Kumaon [30], Patania et al. reported 30 species of hawk moths 314. Asota Fabricius, 1775 from North-West Himalaya [31]. Singh et al. studied 24 species 315. Fabricius, 1775 of tiger moths from [33, 34]. Gogoi et al. surveyed

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moths from seven districts of Arunachal Pradesh [36]. geographic distribution of species which is a prerequisite for Previous moth surveys in the Assamese Region were management and preservation of natural habitats. Local level undertaken by Sir G Hampson along with Bell, T.R.D & F.B. inventories provide information for economic and educational Scott [11-14, 19]. Further, some surveys were made by activities, such as recreation, eco-tourism, forestry, and Doherty.W in the Upper Assam extending up to the Burmese research. Ecological studies on species, community structure, region. Arandhara reported 31 species of hawk moths from behavior is solely based on inventories. New discoveries, as Digboi and studied 46 species from Dehing Patkai Region [15, well as reference vouchers collected during inventory studies, 16]. Saikia et al. reported 6 silk moths (Saturniidae) from help develop phylogenetic relationships, identification keys Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary, Assam [35]. and range extensions of the species, that further provide data Inventories at species level provide baseline data on the on establishing conservation hotspots.

Table 2: Number of macro moth species in Tinsukia district by family.

Sl.no. Family Total accumulated species Identified species Identified up to genus 1 Cossidae 3 3 0 2 Callidulidae 3 3 0 3 Zygaenidae 5 5 0 4 Lasiocampidae 11 9 2 5 Sphingidae 45 45 0 6 Saturniidae 11 11 0 7 Brahmaeidae 1 1 0 8 Bombycidae 4 4 0 9 Eupterotidae 2 1 1 10 Drepanidae 12 8 4 11 Geometridae 74 54 20 12 Uraniidae 7 5 2 13 Erebidae 143 116 27 14 Euteliidae 2 1 1 15 Nolidae 5 3 2 16 Noctuidae 5 4 1 Total 333 273 60

Acknowledgement Ecology & Evolution. 1996; 11(6):255-260. The author gratefully acknowledges the guidance and 11. Hampson GF. Fauna of British India: Moths 1. Dr. W. assistance received from the departments of Zoology and Junk B.V. Publishers, The Hague. 1892; 1:527. Botany of Digboi College, Digboi, Assam Forest Department, 12. Hampson GF. Fauna of British India: Moths 2, Dr. W. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Aaranyak, and conservation Junk B.V. Publishers, The Hague. 1894; 2:528. based NGO’s of the Tinsukia district, Assam. 13. Hampson GF. Fauna of British India: Moths 3, Dr. W. Junk B.V. Publishers, The Hague. 1895; 3:517. References 14. Hampson GF. Fauna of British India Moths: 4, Dr. W. 1. Jermy T. Evolution of insect/host plant relationships. The Junk B.V. Publishers, The Hague. 1896; 4:595. American Naturalist. 1984; 124(5):609-630. 15. Arandhara S. A Preliminary Checklist on Hawkmoths of 2. Nieukerken EJV, Kaila L, Kitching IJ, Kristensen NP, Digboi, Assam (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae). Lees DC, Minet J et al. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus. In: Global Journal for Research Analysis. 2016; 5(10):348- Zhang, Z.-Q.(Ed.), Biodiversity: An Outline of 349. Higher-Level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic 16. Arandhara S. Hawkmoths of Dehing Patkai Region, Richness, Zootaxa. 2011; 3148:212-221. Assam. Jorhat, Assam: Sabda Prakashan. 2017; 1:82. 3. Capinera JL. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of entomology. 17. Arandhara S. The species composition, association and Springer Science & Business Media. 2008; 2:4364 eco-regionalization of Sphingidae (hawk moths) in the 4. Kristensen NP, Scoble MJ, Karsholt OLE. Lepidoptera Reserve forests of Digboi, Assam. (M.Sc. Dissertation). phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying In department of Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College, moth and butterfly diversity. Zootaxa. 2007; Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu. 2017; 28:110 1668(699):747. 18. QGIS Development Team. QGIS Geographic 5. Gogoi AB. Floristic composition of Tinsukia district of Information System. Open Source Geospatial Assam: A systematic study (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Foundation. URL http://www.qgis.osgeo.org Thesis). 1997; 10:240 19. Bell TRD, Scott FB. The Fauna of British India, 6. Website of District profile www. tinsukia.nic.in. including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Sphingidae, Taylor 7. Dikshit KR, Dikshit JK. North-east India: Land, people & Francis Ltd., London. 1937; 5(V):432. and economy. Dordrecht: Springer. 2014; 1:800. 20. Holloway JD. The moths of Borneo. Part 14. Family 8. Chapin III, Stuart F, Erika S Zavaleta, Valerie T Eviner, Noctuidae: subfamilies Euteliinae, Stictopterinae, Rosamond L. Naylor. Consequences of changing Plusiinae, Pantheinae. Malayan Nature Journal 38. 1985; biodiversity. Nature. 2000; 405(6783):234. 14:157-317. 9. Poschlod P, Bakker JP, Kahmen S. Changing land use 21. Holloway JD. The moths of Borneo. Part 4. Family and its impact on biodiversity. Basic and Applied Notodontidae. Malayan Nature Journal 37. 1983; 4:1- Ecology. 2005; 6(2):93-98. 107. 10. Didham RK, Ghazoul J, Stork NE, Davis AJ. Insects in 22. Holloway JD. Moths of Borneo: Key to families: fragmented forests: a functional approach. Trends in Families Cossidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardidae,

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Dudgeoneidae, Epipyropidae and Limacodidae. Malayan Nat. J. 1986; 40:1-166. 23. Holloway JD. The Moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae and Geometrinae. Malayan Nat. J. 1996; 49:147-326. 24. Holloway JD. The moths of Borneo: family Geometridae, subfamilies Sterrhinae and Larentiinae. Malay. Nat. J 51. 1997; 51:1-242. 25. Holloway JD. The moths of Borneo: family Noctuidae, trifine subfamilies: Noctuinae, Heliothinae, Hadeninae, Acronictinae, Amphipyrinae, Agaristinae." Malayan Nature Journal. 1989; 42:57-228. 26. Kendrick RC. Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Hong Kong. Ph.D. thesis, The University of Hong Kong. 2002; 16:660. 27. Arandhara S, Tariang RR. A preliminary checklist of Crambidae (Grass moths) of Digboi and adjoining areas, Assam. Multilogic in Science. 2016; 6(18):218-214. 28. Chandra K, Nema DK. Moths of Kanger Valley National Park (Bastar), Chhattisgarh. Records Zoological Survey of India. 2006; 106(2):13-23. 29. Chandra K, Sambath S. Moth diversity of Tawang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 2013; 5(1):3565-3570. 30. Smetacek P. The Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) of Kumaon, N. India: A Probable Case of Faunal Drift. 1994; 156:55. 31. Pathanıa PC, Sharma S, Gıll AK. Hawk Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from North-West Himalaya Along with Collection Housed in National PAU Insect Museum, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. In Biological Forum-An International Journal. 2014; 6:120-127. 32. Zahiri R, Holloway JD, Kitching IJ, Lafontaine JD, Mutanen M, Wahlberg N. Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea). Systematic Entomology. 2012; 37(1):102-124. 33. Singh, Jagbir, Navneet Singh, Rahul Joshi. A Checklist of Subfamily Arctiinae (Erebidae: Noctuoidea: Lepidoptera) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. 2014; 367:1-76. 34. Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Jagpreet Singh Sodhi. Inventory of tiger moths of Sikkim (Arctiinae: Arctiidae: Lepidoptera)." Zoos’ Print Journal. 2003; 18(7):1143- 1146. 35. Saikia M, Ghosh K, Peigler RS. Wild sericigenous insect diversity of Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary, Jorhat, Assam. JEZS. 2017; 5(2):973-978. 36. Gogoi, Hiren, Gaurab Borah, Hage Indu, Taru Habung. Moths of Arunachal Pradesh: A Preliminary Report. Bulletin for Life Science. 2014; 10:16-28.

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