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A Brief of Buddhist Philanthropy in the Mainland of China ZHAO LIN Ph

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A Brief of Buddhist Philanthropy in the Mainland of China ZHAO LIN Ph Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-9, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in A Brief of Buddhist Philanthropy in the Mainland of China ZHAO LIN Ph. D. Research Scholar in the Department of Buddhist Studies Faculty of Arts, University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007 Abstract: The Buddhist philanthropy has a glorious glorious, auspicious and happiness. If the parents history in China. It does not only initiates many new love their children could be called “Ci”, then the modes of charity works, which like the first private human loving each other could be called “Shan”. The benevolent hospital, the first charitable gerocomium, benevolence love is “Ci”, and succor who needs help and the earliest charitable foundation; but also it is “Shan”. positively promotes the Chinese social welfare works, which like the establishment of the first official 2. The Buddhist Philanthropy In charitable department; and mainly these Ancient China philanthropic activities are produced and practiced The popularizing of philanthropy by archaic by the Buddhist monks. Unfortunately, the Buddhist Chinese is not only for the self-restraint, but also for philanthropy has undergone a series of striking in the calamitous condition. In fact, China is a modern times; and owing to many reasons, the calamitous country since its birth, and there are a Buddhist philanthropy has stayed low for forty years, great number of disasters could be found in the so this is the reason for no one knows about the historical recordings. Fortunately, the Buddhism condition of the Buddhist philanthropy of mainland preaches into China to bring a huge effect to the in modern times. In fact, the Chinese Buddhist traditional philanthropy. Especially the ideas of sangha in the mainland has never stopped trying to “Mercy” and “Compassion” which are the most practice the philanthropy for helping people, important doctrines in Mahāyāna Buddhism, they are although it is really an arduous process of rebirth in two indispensable requirements for everyone to attain the modern times. the Buddhahood, and the mercy has be promoted as 1. Paraphrase of Philanthropy one of highest level realms of the Buddhist saints. 慈悲 The term “PHILANTHROPY” originates from The term “Mercy” in Chinese as “Ci-Bei( )”, ancient Greek, what means “human love”. In Chinese, the meaning includes both of Sanskrit words “Mettā the Philanthropy was translated as “Ci-Shan”(慈善), (मैत्री)” and “Karu ā (क셁णा)”, it is the root doctrine which combines two parts “Ci” and “Shan”. The word “Ci (慈)” means “Kind”, compassion, merciful of many teachingsṇ of Lord Buddha, like love, and benevolence, it is also consist of two parts “Brahmavihāras” and “Six Pāramitā”. Mercy in as upper part “兹” which means here or further, and Buddhism is not only compassion or pity on someone, the lower part “心” means heart, thus “Ci” means the but it is a pure kindness for the sake of saving all heart is here and paid more attention, most time it is beings, it is a real widely love to all lives. Moreover, be known as sympathy, just like the Buddha kind for the mercy is also a kind of practice of the theory living being. The word “Shan (善)” means “Good”, “Sunya”. There are lots of doctrines of Lord Buddha Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1147 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-9, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in is taught about mercy in sutras, for example in the Sūtra”, North Zhou Dynasty (557~581 CE), East of roof of past lives of the Śākyamuni Buddha, he uses to cut the 296 Grotto, Dunhuang, China his fresh to feed starving eagle and suicide to feed starving tigers.i In the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra, The Buddhist philanthropy would start from the Lord Buddha says: “Mercy can give all sentient movement of the Buddhism spread into China when beings happiness, and compassion can help all the period of East Han Dynasty (25~220 CE), and the sentient beings cast off suffering.”ii The mercy and most popular charity actions of Buddhist compassion are the theoretical evidence of the philanthropy are probably the helping poor, children Buddhist philanthropy. Depend on the mercy, Lord or elders and relief disaster victims. In fact, the Buddha encourages all of disciples should practice Buddhism has the advantage to do the charity works, the charity activities. He claims that the grantees are which because of the Buddhism is invited by as same as the field of merits, and there is the place imperial families as a honorable guest, and it gets where people will nurture and develop their large number of supplements, so the Buddhism is the meritorious virtues——this is one of significant only folk organization which possesses both the points of the Buddhist theories, in Sanskrit as intention and ability for philanthropic activities at “Pu ya-K etra”. Lord Buddha tells us that there are that moment, thus the Buddhist monastery became eight kinds of Pu ya-k etra: “1.Mending road and the first non-governmental organization for charity ṇ ṣ digging well; 2.Construct bridge; 3.Reclaim works. ṇ ṣ dangerous place; 4. Show filial respect to their The Buddhist philanthropy in ancient China has parents; 5. Provide the Buddhist Sangha; 6. Cure a wonderful development, and it mightily influences patients; 7.Help anyone in danger; 8. Hold the government and celebrities. In the South Qi vegetarian meeting.”iii In other Sūtra, the Buddha Dynasty, the prince Xiao Zi-liang and Xiao also points seven Pu ya-k etra for practice: “1.Build Chang-mao who are both fond of the Buddhismv, so statues of the Buddha and vihara for Sangha; ṇ ṣ they co-establish a private philanthropic organization 2.Construct bathing rooms and plant fruit trees; 3. which is named “Liu-ji-guan”vi, it is the place to look Offer medicines for patients; 4. Build a ship to ferry after patients, and bestow food or clothes. The travelers; 5. Construct bridge; 6. Dig well near road “Liu-ji-guan” is the first private philanthropic for travelers; 7.Duild lavatory for people.”iv These organization in Chinese history. doctrines became more popular in archaic China, and for following Lord Buddha’s teachings, the Chinese Next, the first philanthropic official department tra on the wall in Buddhists even painting this Sū in Chinese history is called “Gu-du-yuan”, which is Mogao Grotto of Dunhuang during North Zhou also relevant with the Buddhism. It is established by Dynasty, that means the Buddhist philanthropy of the King Wu of Liang Dynasty in 521 CE, “the King society has already very popular at that moment. order to build the Gu-du-yuan in the capital, provide for the aged and orphan, help them to leave any troubles of lives, and he will also make funeral arrangements when someone pass away.”vii During the Sui and Tang Dynasty, the Buddhist monk Xin Xing who is the founder of the “Three Ages Buddhism School”, he proposes to establish a Buddhist charitable foundation “The Inexhaustible No.144, “The Painting Transform from Pu ya-K etra Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary ṇResearchṣ (IJIR) Page 1148 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-9, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Treasury” to collect fund only for charity works. This indicate the philanthropy will recover, hence the is the first folk charitable foundation in Chinese Buddhist philanthropy starts its reviving history. Although the School is deemed as a heresy in simultaneously. the later periods, the system of Charitable Foundation has been kept in the monastery for the next one The Buddhist Philanthropy of mainland in thousand years by only changing the names. modern times could be divided into three stages, they are: the Stage of Germination, The Stage of The philanthropy in ancient China could be Development, and The Stage of Reviving. understood as two parts which are the governmental and non-governmental works. Most of charity actions (1) The Stage of Germination in ancient times belong to governmental reliefs, but In this stage, although the Buddhist sangha the alms are not only for philanthropy, they are more mainly pays attention to rebuild the monasteries and inclined to stabilize society for their regime. The reorganize the sangha, they still did some of Buddhist philanthropy is a pure benevolence for the philanthropy at that moment, whatever it was only people who need help, as they consider the the beginning of recovery. philanthropy is just the practicing of the Buddhism. Secondly, the social welfare in ancient China is the The Buddhist philanthropy restarts should be in major responsibility of the government, but the th 1984 CE. On 15 of March the “Foundation of China Buddhist philanthropy grows very fast, and even it for Disabled Persons” has been established in Beijing, leads the folk charity works in the society. Thirdly, and the “Chinese Buddhists Association” donates the governmental philanthropy always supports the 50,000 CNY to the Foundation, and the Buddhist Buddhist charity for their believing or their rules, and Association send a little claims that “We Buddhists the Buddhist philanthropy also positively assistant deem that supporting the welfare activities is also the the nation to do relief and help people. In one word, practice of the Buddhism, and the main content of the Buddhist philanthropy promotes the traditional altruistic purposes. Therefore, our association will charity works very much. plunk for your disabled welfare charity, and show our wholeheartedly and actively support.”viii This is 3. The Modern Buddhist Philanthropy the first time for the Buddhism declares to practice In The Mainland philanthropy in public after New China establishment, The Buddhist philanthropy of China in modern since then the Buddhists have continually been doing times, in fact, it exactly starts in the later period of more and more charity activities.
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