Introduction to Sustainability Sustainability Essentials

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Introduction to Sustainability Sustainability Essentials SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS A SERIES OF PRACTICAL GUIDES FOR THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS Sustainability is one of the most pressing • The IOC as an organisation: To embrace challenges of our time across a wide sustainability principles and to include spectrum of social, environmental and sustainability in its day-to-day operations. economic matters. Major issues such as climate change, economic inequality and • The IOC as owner of the Olympic social injustice are affecting people Games: To take a proactive and leadership throughout the world. These are also role on sustainability and ensure that it is pressing concerns for the sports community, included in all aspects of the planning and both for managing its day-to-day affairs and staging of the Olympic Games. for its responsibilities towards young people and future generations. We also recognise • The IOC as leader of the Olympic that sport has an unrivalled capacity to Movement: To engage and assist Olympic motivate and inspire large numbers of Movement stakeholders in integrating people. This is why we believe that the sustainability within their own organisations Olympic Movement has both a duty and an and operations. opportunity to contribute actively to global sustainability in line with our vision: “Building Following on from Olympic Agenda 2020, a better world through sport”. we issued the IOC Sustainability Strategy in December 2016. The Strategy is based on It is therefore logical that sustainability forms our three spheres of responsibility and five one of the key elements of Olympic Agenda focus areas, as illustrated below. 2020, the Olympic Movement’s strategic roadmap adopted in December 2014. In particular, this defined our approach to sustainability across the IOC’s three spheres of responsibility: The IOC Sustainability Strategy framework is illustrated below: Infrastructure and natural sites Sourcing and resource management Mobility IOC AS LE AD ER O F T H E Workforce IOC A O S O L WN Y ER M O P I IMPACT F C T H M E O O V L Y E M M I P E O OC RG I N A A C T Climate N S I G S A A A N T M I O E N S CONTROL INFLUENCE 02 SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS The Strategy sets out a number of actions The “Sustainability Essentials” series of guides in our capacity as leader of the Olympic is the first concrete outcome of this Movement. Among these is a commitment commitment. These guides aim to provide to develop common guidelines, simple, practical and essential information on methodologies and tools for National key aspects of sustainability for NOCs and IFs Olympic Committees (NOCs) and to be better able to navigate the complexities International Federations (IFs). of this subject and develop effective Further information can be found at sustainability programmes. Whether your https://www.olympic.org/sustainability. organisation is just starting out, or is already actively engaged in sustainability, we hope these guides will provide a valuable overview and reference point for this important topic. FEEDBACK We hope that our “Sustainability Essentials” guides will provide a valuable basis for understanding sustainability. We also know that sustainability is a constantly evolving discipline, with new issues, challenges and opportunities always needing to be addressed. We therefore welcome feedback, comments and suggestions so that we can continually improve our guidance and ensure our material is as fresh, relevant and accurate as possible. If you have any comments, please contact us in any language at: [email protected] PRINTING This document is available only as a downloadable pdf file from the IOC website. If you need to print a copy, please set your printer to double-sided copying on recycled paper. Ideally, please also avoid colour printing and copying. 03 SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS CONTENTS 04 SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS ASSESS YOUR IDENTIFY KEY ISSUES 1 STARTING POINT AND SCOPE 6 Take stock of what you have Decide what matters been doing on sustainability, and is relevant. or assess opportunities and challenges of getting started. DEFINE YOUR VISION SET OBJECTIVES 2 AND STRATEGY AND TARGETS 7 Map out what you think a Define what you sustainable future for your are going to do organisation looks like. and by when. DEMONSTRATE ASSESS 3 LEADERSHIP INTRODUCTION TO PROGRESS 8 Set the direction SUSTAINABILITY Measure for achieving IN BRIEF - and evaluate your vision. SUMMARY OF performance. KEY STEPS ESTABLISH EFFECTIVE REPORT 4 GOVERNANCE Provide a credible 9 Make sure sustainability account of what fits into your organisational you have done. structures and decision- making processes. ENGAGE COMMUNICATE 5 STAKEHOLDERS Spread the word and talk 10 Talk to everyone who is about what you have affected or influenced by achieved, what was your organisation’s activities. challenging and what you have learned. 05 SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION 06 INTRODUCTION SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS INTRODUCTION This is the introductory guide to our impressive achievements have been made. “Sustainability Essentials” series. Our aim To learn more about the kinds of initiatives here is to provide a general understanding being undertaken, we recommend you read of sustainability: what it means, why it is the wide selection of case studies the IOC has important, how it relates to sport and what published on the sustainability projects of IFs: your organisation can do to be part of this https://www.olympic.org/sustainability. critical endeavour. True sustainability, however, goes much further We have compiled this general overview of than individual projects. It is about looking sustainability as we believe it is essential for closely at what you do as an organisation, National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and the way you interact with society at large, International Sports Federations (IFs) – indeed and ensuring you have appropriate governance any sports organisation – to have a basic structures, policies and processes in place that understanding of how sustainability is relevant will secure your long-term future for the benefit to sport, and how to go about developing an of your organisation, society and the effective sustainability programme that also environment. leaves lasting legacies. All environmental and social initiatives need There are many organisations across the to be seen in this context and embedded in sporting world, large and small, that are already sport’s core activities, not as “nice-to-have” actively engaged in individual aspects of add-ons that ignore sport’s actual impacts. sustainability. Typically, these tend to fall into True sustainability offers indisputable value, two separate categories: “greening” initiatives, from cost savings and risk management where the focus is on the environment, and to improved stakeholder relations and “social responsibility” projects supporting public credibility. worthy causes in the wider community. These are good things to do, and some TRUE SUSTAINABILITY OFFERS INDISPUTABLE VALUE, FROM COST SAVINGS AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVED STAKEHOLDER RELATIONS AND PUBLIC CREDIBILITY 07 SUSTAINABILITY ESSENTIALS INTRODUCTION WHAT WE MEAN BY SUSTAINABILITY aspirations into reality means being prepared to consider the consequences of decisions. There are many formal definitions of sustainability In turn, that means having all the relevant with variants on the theme of a balanced information available to help inform such approach to environmental, social and economic decisions. aspects, providing for both present and future needs. This is very much the sense in which Ultimately, therefore, sustainability is about the UN recognises sustainable development. finding better ways of doing things and taking the time to make well-informed long-term The IOC’s official definition of sustainability choices. Sometimes this means challenging is that, when making decisions, we ensure established ways of doing things and rejecting feasibility, and we seek to maximise positive old thinking. An organisation that is truly impact and minimise negative impact in the committed to sustainability is one that makes social, economic and environmental spheres. the effort to understand its choices, to account for them and to learn from them. In practice, sustainability is about how you work and make decisions. It is as much about A common misrepresentation is the culture of an organisation as it is about when people speak of “environmental technical aspects. We believe an organisation sustainability”, “social sustainability” or can begin to achieve its vision and goals only “economic sustainability” as separate disciplines. if it fully integrates sustainability principles and True sustainability requires an integrated and practices into day-to-day operations, so that holistic approach; it cannot be segregated these become part and parcel of how people into component parts. For example, climate think and behave. change may be viewed as an environmental phenomenon, but its impacts affect society The goal for any organisation should be to and economies at many levels. Measures to maximise positive benefits while at the same mitigate or adapt to climate change are therefore time avoiding or minimising negative impacts on necessarily relevant to sustainability in its people and the environment. To turn such full sense. SUSTAINABILITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) These two terms are often confused and addressing current stakeholder issues. used interchangeably. While
Recommended publications
  • Avoiding Greenwashing in Event Marketing: an Exploration of Concepts, Literature and Methods
    Journal of Management and Sustainability; Vol. 7, No. 4; 2017 ISSN 1925-4725 E-ISSN 1925-4733 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Avoiding Greenwashing in Event Marketing: An Exploration of Concepts, Literature and Methods Kai-Michael Griese1, Kim Werner1 & Johannes Hogg2 1 School of Management, University of Applied Science, Osnabrück, Germany 2 School of Management, Fresenius University of Applied Science, Hamburg, Germany Correspondence: Kai-Michael Griese, School of Management, University of Applied Science, Osnabrück, Germany, Caprivistraße 30a, Tel: 49-541-969-3880. E-mail: [email protected] Received: August 25, 2017 Accepted: September 20, 2017 Online Published: October 25, 2017 doi:10.5539/jms.v7n4p1 URL: http://doi.org/10.5539/jms.v7n4p1 Abstract Greenwashing, defined by the Oxford Dictionary as “disinformation disseminated by an organization so as to present an environmentally responsible public image” can cause multifarious problems for companies. The phenomenon of greenwashing has, however, not attracted much attention in the event marketing literature to date. The purpose of this paper is twofold. It first describes and analyses the specific characteristics and features of greenwashing in event marketing. It then seeks to identify the current fundamental approaches of how to avoid greenwashing in event marketing and to assess their potential. A two-step literature analysis with complementary search approaches served as a methodical framework. First, journals related to event marketing were screened for the keywords “greenwashing” and “greenwash”. Next, the general literature was consulted for the same keywords. The results clearly demonstrate that the subject of greenwashing has been widely neglected in the event literature.
    [Show full text]
  • EUSA Year Magazine 2019-2020
    EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY SPORTS ASSOCIATION YEAR 2019/20MAGAZINE eusa.eu CONTENTS Page 01. EUSA STRUCTURE 4 02. EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES CHAMPIONSHIPS 2019 9 03. ENDORSED EVENTS 57 04. CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS 61 05. PROJECTS 75 06. EU INITIATIVES 85 07. UNIVERSITY SPORT IN EUROPE AND BEYOND 107 08. PARTNERS AND NETWORK 125 09. FUTURE PROGRAMME 133 Publisher: European University Sports Association; Realisation: Andrej Pišl, Fabio De Dominicis; Design, Layout, PrePress: Kraft&Werk; Printing: Dravski tisk; This publication is Photo: EUSA, FISU archives free of charge and is supported by ISSN: 1855-4563 2 WELCOME ADDRESS Dear Friends, With great pleasure I welcome you to the pages of Statutes and Electoral Procedure which assures our yearly magazine to share the best memories minimum gender representation and the presence of the past year and present our upcoming of a student as a voting member of the Executive activities. Committee, we became – and I have no fear to say – a sports association which can serve as an Many important events happened in 2019, the example for many. It was not easy to find a proper year of EUSA’s 20th anniversary. Allow me to draw tool to do that, bearing in mind that the cultural your attention to just a few personal highlights backgrounds of our members and national here, while you can find a more detailed overview standards are so different, but we nevertheless on the following pages. achieved this through a unanimous decision- making process. In the build up to the fifth edition of the European Adam Roczek, Universities Games taking place in Belgrade, I am proud to see EUSA and its Institute continue EUSA President Serbia, the efforts made by the Organising their active engagement and involvement in Committee have been incredible.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-00 NTDA Tyre & Automotive Aftercare Directory
    UK TYRE & AUTOMOTIVE AFTERCARE DIRECTORY 2020 UK TYRE & AUTOMOTIVE AFTERCARE DIRECTORY UK Tyre & Automotive Aftercare DIRECTORY 2020 Maritime Cargo Services Freight Forwarding Agents NOT ALL SUPPLY CHAINS ARE EQUAL.... PROUD TO BE FIRST IN MIND FOR TYRE IMPORTERS FOR OVER 25 YEARS www.maritimecargo.com edicated to D hel pin Del g ive yo ri u U n g Frank Ruggles Walter Marr Don Gibson Mike West Brian BrownProud winnersDerek of Mossthe K g President President President President PresidentNTDA’s Tyre WholesalerPresident rategic r st all ’s a o 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 of the Year1978 2019 11 y p l w Call u la la l s FR c r o EE e g v y d o to e e d w s r u a y a t t r f r d h b r e o h i e u Derek Peaker Richard Davies John Reeves Gordon Bain Trevor Allen Allan Murray m s President President President President President President o s t U 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 i u r l K n a s i b e n e u d s s u p s l i f t n w o o t e o r r s i t c 8 Peter Fearn Findlay Picken Charles Hespin Malcolm Shields Ivan Smith David Stanton a o h u President President President President President President n f t 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 s d S i t p m t o m a a m o e p s b s e l s i e r l e a e t c s n o o d o g n n n a Liz Wright John Holland Mike Craddock Peter Gaster John Thurston Hugh Pitcher v 0 e ’ y 8 President President President President President President s e 0 r 8 n 1991 1992 1993 1993 1994 1995-1996 1 r c i 3 1 e 1 4 2 3 a a n c r n e , g 4 x e 4 s a o e r n y d t f v n a r e t a i Tony Cooke Ashley Croft Martin Rowlands John Tarbox Peter Gaster David White l s President National Chairman National Chairman National Chairman National Chairman National Chairman u s p n p o 1997-1998 1999-2002 2002-2005 2005-2007 2007-2010 2010-2012 i o t r u t l s o To our forefathers and all the Past Presidents, National Chairmen and the many Regional Officers who have voluntarily and selflessly served the www.profitlink.co.uk Call us free today from landlines and mobiles onAssociation over the last 90 years we say THANK YOU.
    [Show full text]
  • Gilles Magnus Achieves First Victory by a Customer in the New Audi RS 3 LMS
    Audi MediaInfo Gilles Magnus achieves first victory by a customer in the new Audi RS 3 LMS • Belgian wins WTCR – FIA World Touring Car Cup race in Hungary • Already two victories and three further podium successes since July for Audi Sport • Audi RS 3 LMS gen II ready for the customer teams Budapest/Neuburg a. d. Donau, August 22, 2021 – Audi privateer Gilles Magnus celebrated his biggest individual success to date with victory at the fourth round of the WTCR – FIA World Touring Car Cup at the Hungaroring. Following the success of Audi Sport driver Frédéric Vervisch earlier in Spain, the Audi RS 3 LMS gen II won for the second time in just six weeks. A success that fits perfectly into the Audi Sport customer racing schedule: Following its premiere in February, extensive testing, the race debut in June and the first victories, the second-generation Audi RS 3 LMS is about to enter its next stage – the market launch. Gilles Magnus and Audi Sport driver Frédéric Vervisch had achieved the best possible starting positions for themselves in Hungary: In the reverse starting grid for the first ten drivers, the two Belgians for Comtoyou Team Audi Sport were on row one for the first sprint. Magnus managed the perfect start ahead of his teammate. The two Audi RS 3 LMS cars initially led the field unchallenged. Even a safety car phase did not cause either driver to lose his rhythm. Only on the last lap did a hard attack by an opponent throw Vervisch back to position four. In the end, Gilles Magnus crossed the finish line with a lead of 2.1 seconds and thus also won the Trophy classification for privateers.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation Plan for ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management in Illco Factory”
    University of Azuay Faculty of Law School of International Studies “Implementation plan for ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management in Illco Factory” Graduate work to obtain the degree of International Studies with biligual honors in Foreign Trade Author: Caroly Alexandra Beltrán Vázquez Director: Engineer Juan Manuel Maldonado Matute Cuenca-Ecuador 2015 DEDICATION This research paper is dedicated to God, the guide of my life, for giving me the opportunity to complete my studies. To my parents, for all their efforts, love and support received, without them I would not be the person I try to be every day. To my teachers for their love and dedication to educate me and help me become an excellent professional. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank my advisor Juan Maldonado for his time and patience and for giving me guidance during the development of this study. To the owners of Illco Factory, for giving me the necessary information and trust to develop this thesis. iii INDEX OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................................iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Generalities ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hyundai Motorsport Teases Electric Race Car Debut at IAA 2019
    Hyundai Motorsport teases electric race car debut at IAA 2019 • Hyundai Motorsport will reveal its brand-new electric car at the International Motor Show (IAA) media day in Frankfurt on September 10 • It is the first-ever electric vehicle to be designed and developed by Hyundai Motorsport from its Alzenau-based headquarters • A second sneak peek has been released on Hyundai Motorsport’s social media channels ahead of the Frankfurt show. Alzenau, Germany September 2, 2019 – Hyundai Motorsport is gearing up to unveil its first-ever electric race car at the International Motor Show (IAA) in Frankfurt next week. The car, designed and built at the company’s headquarters in Alzenau, will make its debut appearance during the annual motor show’s media day on September 10. The IAA’s slogan, ‘Driving Tomorrow’, makes it the perfect platform for Hyundai Motorsport to showcase its latest motorsport program. Since its inception in 2012, Hyundai Motorsport has become well established in rallying and circuit racing. The company expanded its operations with a bespoke Customer Racing division in September 2015, from which it developed the competitive i20 R5, i30 N TCR and Veloster N TCR cars. Hyundai Motorsport’s move into electric underscores the company’s ambition and credentials, its passion for cutting edge technology, all supported by Hyundai’s high-performance N brand. Following the first glimpse of the new electric car online last month, Hyundai Motorsport has released a second sneak peek video on its social media channels, set in its Customer Racing workshop at night and featuring current WTCR – FIA World Touring Car Cup champion Gabriele Tarquini.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Risk Resilience
    Insights Risk Resilience ISSUE 01 / APRIL 2016 When Standards MatterMatter. Insights 22 Intro ISSUE 01 / APRIL 2016 They say that there is nothing more important than being fully equipped with the right knowledge, expertise, and resources to provide your customers satisfactory products and/ or services. But what is more important is the recognition of the dedication and hard work your 28 organization invests day-in and 10 day-out to not only meet customer expectations, but also exceed them. Everyday PECB is one step closer 34 to our vision of a world where best practices are widely disseminated, accessible, affordable, known and used. Our mission to enhance the accessibility of standards, compliance and education for people and organizations by 04 Why Risk Resilience? reducing the certification costs and widening the range for education and certification programs is 06 Risk Assessment in project Management gradually being accomplished. We will continue our journey to 10 Information Security in Banks and Financial Institutions support worldwide professionals that want to differentiate themselves, and follow best 14 Replacing OHSAS 18001 what will ISO 45001 Bring? practices based on internationally recognized standards. 18 Are You Metting Customer Expectations? Eric Lachapelle 22 Social Engineering and Risk From Cyber-Attacks CEO at PECB 14 28 Risk Assessment in Different Disciplines 30 Business Continuity with Cybersecurity 32 The Weakest Link in Information Security 34 News Flash 18 35 What’s Happening on Twitter In recent years, a rapid Before entering such market, it is very important to understand the needs, rules and strategies increase in foreign which help you to grow and increase profitability.
    [Show full text]
  • Ready for a Changing Journey
    04 05 P The road beyond P Motor sport COVID-19: how prepares to fuel travel is adapting up for the future / The pandemic has had / Pursuing sustainability, COVER a huge impact on mobility POWER the pinnacle of motor STORY patterns, but which trends SHIFT sport is researching are here to stay? advanced fuels 04 06 P Racing towards P Jochen Rindt: sustainability Formula 1’s on two wheels lost champion / Formula E driver Lucas / Marking 50 years since ssue ELECTRIC Di Grassi is on a mission TRIUMPH AND the death of grand prix #32 DREAMS to take green motor sport TRAGEDY racing’s only posthumous to the limits – by scooter title-winner Ready for a changing journey FIAAutoMagazine_11_20.indd 1 02.11.20 16:01 AUTO MAGAZINE • 280 x 347 mm PP • Visuel : PILOT SPORT • Remise le 4 novembre • Parution 2020 BoF • BAT MICHELIN PILOT SPORT VICTORIES IN A ROW AT THE HOURS OF LE MANS t-Ferrand. – MFP Michelin, SCA, capital social de 504 000 004 €, 855 200 507 RCS Clermont-Ferrand, place des Carmes-Déchaux, 63000 Clermon Michelin Pilot Sport The winning tire range. Undefeated at The 24 Hours of Le Mans since 1998. MICHELIN Pilot Sport (24 Hours of Le Mans Winner), MICHELIN Pilot Sport Cup 2 Connect, MICHELIN Pilot Sport 4S. MICH_2011010_Pilot_Sport_560x347_Auto_Magazine.indd Toutes les pages 04/11/2020 18:02 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE FIA Dear reader, dear friend, Editorial Board: Jean Todt, Gérard Saillant, THE FIA THE FIA FOUNDATION Freedom of movement is one of the great benets of everyday life that Saul Billingsley, Olivier Fisch Editor-In-Chief: Justin Hynes in the past many of us have too often take for granted.
    [Show full text]
  • Motorsport Information
    Motorsport Information International Volkswagen Motorsport Newsletter 35/2018 § Formula 3: Daniel Ticktum defends title – Volkswagen bows out with one-two-three win § Volkswagen most successful engine manufacturer in Macau with eleven Formula 3 victories § WTCR: Robert Huff on the podium twice in the Golf GTI TCR FIA Formula 3 World Cup Commanding start-finish-victory: Daniel Ticktum wins turbulent Macau Grand Prix Daniel Ticktum (GB) is the triumphant victor of the FIA Formula 3 World Cup in Macau. The 19-year-old Brit of Team Motopark, who triumphed in the gambler’s paradise in the Far East last year, dominated throughout the race weekend and celebrated a commanding win in both races of the FIA Formula 3 World Cup. Ticktum, who set the fastest lap time in the practice session and won the qualifying race on Saturday, started the main race on Sunday from pole position and refused to surrender the lead right down to the finish line. Swedish team-mates Joel Eriksson und Sacha Fenestraz (F, Carlin) made it two other Formula 3 drivers “powered by Volkswagen” who rounded off the podium. The main race – as is so often the case in Macau – was turbulent: On the very first lap there was a collision involving four cars in the tricky Lisboa bend, which caused the safety car to be deployed. Immediately after the restart, another serious accident resulted in a lengthy interruption. After an hour was spent repairing the track barriers, the race continued. Ticktum mastered the restart perfectly and refused to give up the lead down to the chequered flag.
    [Show full text]
  • Uci Sustainability Guidelines June 2021 Table of Contents
    UCI SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES JUNE 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 | PAGE 03 05 | PAGE 51 HOW TO USE THESE SUSTAINABLE CYCLING GUIDELINES EVENT CHECKLISTS 02 | PAGE 04 06 | PAGE 80 INTRODUCTION ADVOCACY CHECKLISTS 03 | PAGE 09 07 | PAGE 88 SUSTAINABILITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS OVERVIEW & REFERENCES 04 | PAGE 23 08 | PAGE 90 SUSTAINABILITY IN ABOUT CYCLING FOCUS AREAS THE UCI PAGE 2 HOW TO USE 01 THESE GUIDELINES These guidelines aim to provide simple, practical and essential information on key aspects of sustainability. It is a tool that will help National Federations, Event Organisers, Teams, and other cycling stakeholders navigate this subject’s complexities and start the journey to developing effective sustainability programmes. Introduces the UCI’s commitment to sustainability and its four pillars, Section 1 which are the foundation for transforming our sport, and outlines the role cycling can play in an increasingly challenging world. Gives a broad overview of sustainability, the United Nations Sustainable Section 2 Development Goals, the ISO 20121 management system, and where to start with taking climate action. Contains short overviews, providing a reference point for cycling’s Section 3 essential focus areas, with case studies of sustainability in practice from cycling organisations around the world. Provides checklists highlighting best practice to help organisers deliver sustainable events that maximise positive and minimise negative impacts on people and the planet. These actions are neither exhaustive nor Section 4 compulsory. Organisers must think about what is important and realistic for events according to specific local conditions and plan to address priority objectives. Contains tools and resources to advocate for cycling as a mode of Section 5 transport and encourage better inclusion within our sport.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Sports
    List of sports The following is a list of sports/games, divided by cat- egory. There are many more sports to be added. This system has a disadvantage because some sports may fit in more than one category. According to the World Sports Encyclopedia (2003) there are 8,000 indigenous sports and sporting games.[1] 1 Physical sports 1.1 Air sports Wingsuit flying • Parachuting • Banzai skydiving • BASE jumping • Skydiving Lima Lima aerobatics team performing over Louisville. • Skysurfing Main article: Air sports • Wingsuit flying • Paragliding • Aerobatics • Powered paragliding • Air racing • Paramotoring • Ballooning • Ultralight aviation • Cluster ballooning • Hopper ballooning 1.2 Archery Main article: Archery • Gliding • Marching band • Field archery • Hang gliding • Flight archery • Powered hang glider • Gungdo • Human powered aircraft • Indoor archery • Model aircraft • Kyūdō 1 2 1 PHYSICAL SPORTS • Sipa • Throwball • Volleyball • Beach volleyball • Water Volleyball • Paralympic volleyball • Wallyball • Tennis Members of the Gotemba Kyūdō Association demonstrate Kyūdō. 1.4 Basketball family • Popinjay • Target archery 1.3 Ball over net games An international match of Volleyball. Basketball player Dwight Howard making a slam dunk at 2008 • Ball badminton Summer Olympic Games • Biribol • Basketball • Goalroball • Beach basketball • Bossaball • Deaf basketball • Fistball • 3x3 • Footbag net • Streetball • • Football tennis Water basketball • Wheelchair basketball • Footvolley • Korfball • Hooverball • Netball • Peteca • Fastnet • Pickleball
    [Show full text]
  • Collaborative Integration, Publishing and Analysis of Distributed Scholarly Metadata
    Collaborative Integration, Publishing and Analysis of Distributed Scholarly Metadata Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Sahar Vahdati aus dem Tabriz, Iran Bonn 2019 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Sören Auer 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Rainer Manthey Tag der Promotion: 17.01.2019 Erscheinungsjahr: 2019 Abstract Research is becoming increasingly digital, interdisciplinary, and data-driven and affects different en- vironments in addition to academia, such as industry, and government. Research output representation, publication, mining, analysis, and visualization are taken to a new level, driven by the increased use of Web standards and digital scholarly communication initiatives. The number of scientific publications produced by new players and the increasing digital availability of scholarly artifacts, and associated metadata are other drivers of the substantial growth in scholarly communication. The heterogeneity of scholarly artifacts and their metadata spread over different Web data sources poses a major challenge for researchers with regard to search, retrieval and exploration. For example, it has become difficult to keep track of relevant scientific results, to stay up-to-date with new scientific events and running projects, as well as to find potential future collaborators. Thus, assisting researchers with a broader integration, management, and analysis of scholarly metadata can lead to new opportunities in research and to new ways of conducting research. The data integration problem has been extensively addressed by communities in the Database, Artificial Intelligence and Semantic Web fields. However, a share of the interoperability issues are domain specific and new challenges with regard to schema, structure, or domain, arise in the context of scholarly metadata integration.
    [Show full text]