May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14693 EXTEN,SIONS OF REMARKS INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FEL­ Being a Canadian citizen, I feel incapable upon which this country was founded and LOW'S ANNUAL TO of appropriate expression of the appreciation continues its existence; you must certainly THE TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN I feel for this privilege; and to adequately stand a bit taller, walk a bit prouder. In the state my acknowledgment of this high honor knowledge that you are an American and SOLDIER you have bestowed upon a:ne. I trust that America Is you. Surely, as you came to this such words as I have to oft'er wlll be a fitting place to participate in this ; you, each HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY tribute to the Unknown Soldier, and to all o! you, must have sensed an awakening~ a those who share this reverent and respected new awareness, of your duties and responsi­ OF MINNESOTA resting place. bilities to maintain these Ideals at their high­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES I am aware that there are those resting est level. here of my own country, who fought and Wednesday, , 1976 To do less would be to break faith with died in the cause of Freedom alongside your those whom we honor this day. To do less Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, on fathers, sons and daughters, and because of is to commit a grave injustice to the heritage Sunday, May 2, 1976, some 3,500 mem­ them I can sense that feeling of belonging, of this nation. To do less 1s to deny the o! kinship, with those of your nation who duties and allegiances you owe to yourself, bers of the Independent Order of Odd rest here. Because of them, I can envision Fellows, held their 43d annual pilgrim­ your family, your fellow citize.ns, and to the that greater and deeper feeling you must ex­ world of Man. In expressing this tribute to age to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. perience in this place. To define such a feel­ the unknown soldier, may I offer the words of The purpose of this pilgrimage is not ing, one must possess more eloquence than I, Ralph Waldo Emerson: only to honor the Unknown Soldier and to convey the awe, the loss and desolation, Not Gold, but only man can make the Nation's war dead, but also the mem­ the wonderment at it all, and surely, most A people great and strong; bers of the Independent Order of Odd surely, that solemn pride of which Lincoln wrote in his letter to a grieving mother who Men who, for truth and honor's sake Fellows who made the supreme sacrifice had lost five sons in battle, when he said: Stand fast and suffer long. for our country. "The solemn pride that must be yours to Brave men who work while others sleep, This annual pilgrimage of members of have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar Who dare while others fly the order from all over the United States of Freedom." They build a nation's pillars deep is marked by distinctive fraternal and Yes, my brothers, sisters, and friends, truly And lift them to the sky. patriotic features. yours must be a solemn pride as you look Let this then, be our tribute to the "Un­ The ceremony of remembrance of those upon this grim fulfillment of that prophetic known Soldier"; our tribute to the Bicen­ who have given their lives to preserve statement by a former President of this great tennial; our tribute to America. May their nation. But, even more solemn, must be the costly sacrifice become the pillars o! great­ the "American way of life" enshrines the realization of the great responsib111ties that ness that we will 11ft. principles of Odd FellowshiP-friend­ rest upon you, to protect and preserve that "The solemn pride that must be Ours!" ship, love, and truth. freedom; for which these whom we honor Are we worthy of it's cost? Three of the order's most prized jewels today made their sacrifice. Think o! the great in honor of the Unknown Soldier of task that is yours to uphold those ideals o! World War I, World War II, and the this nation in our world and our time. Con­ Korean conflict have been placed in the sider for a moment all that is implied in your obligation to persevere against all foes TRIDUTE TO OTrO KERNER, JB.. trophy room at Arlington Cemetery. in the defence o! Uberty; the pursuit of hap­ FORMER GOVERNOR, STATE OP In this Bicentennial Year, Odd Fellows piness; the right o! free choice of the indi­ ILLINOIS placed 73 wreaths at the Tomb of the vidual, truly an avocation o! monumental Unknown Soldier and a wreath also was proportions. It was for these ideals, that the placed at the Canadian monument in Unknown Soldier laid down his life; for these HON. JOHN G. FARY Arlington Cemetery by the four interna­ ideals that all these hundreds of thousands OF ILLINOIS tional heads of the order: J. Douglas down through the years wllllngly and volun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tarily made their supreme sacrifice. Certainly Moore of Perth, New Brunswick, Canada, Wednesday, May 19, 1976 sovereign ; Mrs. Hazel Lou there can be no greater eloquence than that expressed in the words o! Patrick Henry and Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker, I would like to Wallace of Shreveport, La., president of Nathan Hale: "Give Me Liberty or Give Me the International Association of Rebekah Death" and "I Regret I Have Only One Life call to the attention of the House there­ Assemblies; General Elmer Teft, General To Give For My Country." Such dedication. cent passing of a great American, Otto Commanding, of Sarnia, Ontario, Can­ such devotion can only be expressed by great Kerner, Jr. of Chicago, a veteran of al­ ada, of the General Military Council, men. But these were ordinary men. men of most 30 years of public life, and a man I Patriarchs Militant; and Lady Emma this land, who chose to die, rather than yield not only saw fit to admire politically, but Wolfert of Buffalo, N.Y., president of the to the oppressive hand of tyranny, the humil­ personally as well. iating yoke of slavery. With such a heritage, I would have it here recorded that Otto International Association of Ladies and tradition rising virtually from the mo­ Auxiliaries, Patriarchs Militant. ment of birth of this great nation, you, it's Kerner was my friend, and that I shall The annual banquet, held in the city contemporary citizens must indeed be proud, always cherish the memory of that of Washington on the evening preceding and rightly so. Think also of the silent elo­ friendship. the pilgrimage features addresses by dis­ quence emanating forth from this view be­ As a member of the Illinois State Leg­ tinguished leaders of the order and fore us. So many, too many, to have been islature in the 1960's, I had the honor of prominent statesmen. sacrificed in the cause of Freedom; and the serving under the executive authority of defence of this Nation's ideals. Certainly Governor Kerner and, in so doing, came Mr. President, I insert at this point their sacrifice was costly, vastly so; but not the pilgrimage address for 1976 by J. more than the duty devolved upon you to to recognize him as a man of the most Douglas Moore, sovereign grand master honor their _sacrifice in defending those enormous abilities. of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. ideals for which they died. Graduating law school in the 1930's, There being no objection, the address In preparation for this occasion, I consid­ he established his own law practice in was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ered speaking on the virtues and attributes of Chicago which he surrendered to serve the "Unknown Soldier" and what he would the Country in World War II, in the as follows: say to us today, if such were possible. Yet, PILGRIMAGE ADDRESS, 1976, WASHINGTON, I became possessed by the thought that, in 6-year period 1941-1946. Entering the D.C.-ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY this historic year, certainly every American Army as a private, he rose to brigadier Mr. Chairman. Distinguished Guests, Fel­ must !eel a great pride in the accomplish­ general during World War II and was a low Officers, My Brothers and Sisters, Ladies ments of this country . . . accomplishments member of the prosecution's legal team and Gentlemen: As I stand upon this Hal­ too often bought at terrible cost; the evi­ at Nuremburg. He was highly decorated, lowed ground and gaze out at row after row dence o! which lies all around us. Then, the receiving both the Bronze Star and the of graveposts, each marking the last resting words of Lincoln came back to me with Soldier's Medal. place of an American patriot; I am aware of vivid clarity and profound meaning. My an overpowering sense o! humility that it friends, as you recall and re-enact the rich Upon receiving his discharge from has fallen to me to dellver the address of this hl.story of this great nation; a.s you observe service, Otto Kerner entered politics as a occasion 1n the Bicentennial year o! this and celebrate its bicentennial as you search candidate for State attorney for the great nation. for a self-rededication to the noble ideals Northern District of Dlinois. He was 14694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 elected, and proceeded over the next 7 section 608 of the Trade Act of 1974 sification of imported materials in these years to distinguish himself in that ca­ directs appropriate agencies to collect product lines-determined by review of pacity. In 1954 he was chosen judge of and publish uniform statistics on im­ import documents by Census. the Cook County Court to which post he ports, exports and production. It also The Trade Act of 1974 offers domestic was reelected in 1958. He became Gover­ refers to similar actions on an interna­ industries a number of "procedures" for nor in 1960, defeating the Republican tional scope. The August 1, 1975 joint re­ relief from "disruptions of markets by incumbent by 481,000 votes. Four years port of the Secretary of Commerce and imports." But, in a diverse product mix later he defeated the Honorable CHARLES Chairman of the U.S. International type of industry, such as steel tubular H. PERCY, now the State's junior Senator, Trade Commission-"Principles and products, many of the avenues for relief by 179,000 votes. Concepts Which Should Guide the Or­ are blocked by the inability to measure As Governor, otto Kerner established ganization and Development of an the imports by the product mix due~ to a reputation for impartiality and fairness Enumeration of Articles Which Would the setup of the annotations of U.S. rarely achieved by State executive au­ Result in Comparability of U.S. Import, Taritf Schedules. The annotations, as thority in recent times, coupled with a Production and Export Data." Part V, outlined in this bill will help to rectify record for innovation, boldness, and di­ section C recommends the framework of this situation. rectness of the highest order. the TSUS be adopted as the basis for the This bill leaves the duty rates blank. He was indeed a remarkable adminis­ enumeration of the exports schedule. If This is deliberate. There are a number trator. Under the infiuence of Governor this would be adopted, it is only logical of idiosyncrasies in the current duty Kerner, employment soared and welfare that production would also be so meas­ rates. Some rates, currently, are ad val­ rolls were dramatically reduced in size. ured in due time. If the base for the orem, some are cents per pound, some Both capital and labor prospered. When data-TSUS-happens to be inadequate, are combinations of the two. Some rates racial troubles struck the country during all these factors-imports, exports, pro­ are lower than the duties currently his administration, Governor Kerner re­ duction data-would end up as inade­ charged to starting stock from which the ceived a Presidential appointment as quate. This bill will change the TSUS tube or pipe can be made. Some rates are chairman of a special commission estab­ to make such a suggestion a logical ap­ much lower than those charged by indus­ lished to investigate the causes of vio­ proach to the situation as it applies to tralized nations exporting the product to lence and racial unrest. The report sub­ steel tubular products. the United States. The rate problem can sequently returned by the so-called In calendar 1975, U.S. international be solved best by committee action with Kerner Commission has been adjudged trade--exports plus imports-exceeded input sought from concerned govern­ of the greatest importance in reducing $2 billion which makes pipe and tubing ment agencies, the industry and the con­ racial tensions over the past decade. one of the most widely traded of all the suming industries. In 1968, Otto Kerner received an ap­ mill forms of steel. pointment to the bench of the U.S. Court This product line plays an extremely of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, on which he vital role in many of the current and served with zeal and high ability. At the near future problem areas of the United INTRODUCTION OF JOINT RESOLU­ close of a magnificent career, Judge States--energy, food production and TION TO ESTABLISH OFFICES OF Kerner was accused of improper conduct processing, construction, transportation, HISPANIC AFFAIRS in omce by certain of his political oppo­ materials handling and the general nents and, ultimately, because something metalworking industry. in the nature of a political prisoner, a The industry measures its product mix HON. HERMAN BADILLO fate he clearly did not deserve. by method of manufacture-seamless, OF NEW YORK History alone shall be the true judge welded-by class of steel-carbon, alloy, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heat-resisting, stainless-and by general of this disturbing conclusion to an other­ Wednesday, May 19, 1976 wise exemplary career. But, as a friend of end use-standard pipe, line pipe, oil Otto Kerner, I am not required to wait country goods, pressure tubing, mechani­ Mr. BADn.,Lo. Mr. Speaker, today I for history. I know the man for what he cal tubing, structural pipe or tubing, pU­ am introducing a joint resolution which was-a true and upright citizen-and I ing. There are over 200 plants scattered will create an office of Hispanic Affairs take this occasion to declare my belief to over 36 States engaged in the manufac­ in each Federal agency. Joining me in that effect. ture of one or more of these segments of the introduction of this legislation are the product mix. Total employment is 21 cosponsors. In the drafting of this around 200,000. The plants vary in size measure I have worked closely with the STEEL TUBULAR PRODUCTS from some with less than 50 employees to National Congress of Hispanic American some with employment of several thou­ Citizens-El Congreso--a national, non­ sand. No single company makes the com­ partisan citizens lobby for legislation HON. WILLIAM J. GREEN plete line of tubular products and no one for the Spanish speaking. The organiza­ OF PENNSYLVANIA company can be said to dominate the tion has a national board of trustees and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES steel tubular products industry of the 125 participating national, State, and Wednesday, May 19, 1976 United States. local Spanish-speaking organizations. Because steel pipe and tubing is one Included on the board of trustees is rep­ Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I have today of the highest valued-per ton-of all resentation from IMAGE, the national introduced legislation to revise the Tariff the mill forms of steel it is "import sen­ organization of Federal employees that Schedules of the United States An­ sitive." In calendar 1975, imports of all has as its primary goal the hiring of notated (1975) for steel tubular prod­ mill forms of steel were equivalent to 15 Hispanics by the Federal Government. ucts. The part covered is included in percent of shipments of domestic pro­ This joint resolution has the full support Schedule 6-metals and metal prod­ ducers. In the case of all tubular prod­ of El Congreso and the organization will ucts-part 2-metals, their alloys, and ucts, imports were 20.5 percent of ship­ be lobbying for its passage. their basic shapes and forms. The ments of domestic producers. During the The Hispanic population of the United changes requested include revisions in period 1964 through 1974, imports of steel States is a complex mixture of races and the annotation and terminology and in tubular products increased from 789,697 cultures that are frequently separated so doing it is necessary ot make some tons to 1,894,524 tons and in dollar value from the mainstream culture by a lan­ adjustments in the rates of duty. by 559 percent. The peculiarities of the guage barrier. The Mexican-Americans This section of the current TSUSA current tariff schedule camouflages the of the Southwest are a mixture of In­ does not reflect the way industry meas­ types of tubular products being imported dian and Spanish heritage. The Puerto ures shipments of its product mix; and 1s known to result in misclassifica­ Ricans, Cuban-Americans, Dominicans, neither does it reflect the way the De­ tion of imported items. and other Carribbean groups are Afri­ partment of Commerce measures exports A good example of this misclassifica­ can, European, or a blend of both. Other of the product line; and, it is at variance tion problem came to my attention a few Latinos are usually a mixture of South with the basic nomenclature or product days ago. It involves stainless, heat-re­ American Indian cultures and European mix outlined in the BTN system used by sisting intermediate chromium alloy, and Latin ancestry. We frequently share most of the international trading other alloy tubing-all highly specialized many cultural attitudes and almost al­ nations. items. In 1975, there was a gross misclas- ways speak a variation of Spanish. As May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14695 a group we probably number 20 million the development and review of all rules, Special Assistant for Hispanic A1ralrs to the persons, that is if you include the nearly regulations, guidelines, and other man­ head of such department or agency. 12 million accounted for by the U.S. agement directives, to assure that the (b) The 011lce of Hispanic A1ratrs shall par­ 3.1 ticipate in all policy planning and develop­ Census Bureau estimates, the million laws, policies, and practices of the Fed­ ment for all programs within each of the living in the Commonwealth of Puerto eral Government are providing equal op­ Executive departments and agencies to in­ Rico, the 20 percent census undercount portunities for Hispanics in all areas, sure the consideration of factors impacting of urban dwelling Spanish origin per­ including education, health, housing and on the various Hispanic communities. The sons estimated by the U.S. Commission community development, economic de­ omce of Hispanic A1fa1rs shall ass1st in the on Civil Rights, and the several million velopment, grant and contract procure­ development and review of all rules, regula­ living in the country as illegal immi­ ment, and employment. tions, guidelines and other management di­ grants. This joint resolution will also require rectives, to assure that the laws, policies and The 1970 census social indicators show that the President establish regional practices of the Federal Government are pro­ viding equal opportunities for Hispanics in that as a group we are far behind the offices of Hispanic affairs in each of the all areas, including education, health, hous­ mainstream educationally and economi­ 10 Federal regional councils. ing, and community development, economic cally. In New York we have the lowest Finally, a special assistant to the development, grant and contract procure­ educational attainment levels, the lowest President for Hispanic affairs shall pro­ ment, and employment. The O!llce shall also family incomes, the largest families, ter­ vide the leadership and guidance to all seek out and develop new programs and re­ rible housing conditions, and little hope departments and agencies of the execu­ sources that may be necessary to handle for the future. A study done at my re­ tive branch to implement this joint reso­ problems and address the needs that are quest and available from the Bureau of lution. unique to Hispanics, and shall advise and assist Hispanic groups and individuals in Labor Statistics Department of Labor, The cosponsors of this legislation are receiving assistance avallable by law. Middle Atlantic Regional Office, en­ Representatives: BELLA S. ABzuG, AL­ SEc. 2. (a) The President shall also take titled A Socio-Economic Profile of Puerto PHONzo BELL, JAIME BENITEZ, GEORGE E. such measures as may be necessary to ensure Rican New Yorkers, documents the facts BROWN, JR., BOB CARR, SHIRLEY CHIS­ that the Chairpersons of the ten Federal Re­ I have stated. I believe this study can be HOLM, RON DELLUMS, DoN EDWARDS, JIM gional Councils (established pursuant to Ex­ duplicated in various barrios throughout LLOYD, NORMAN MINETA, GEORGE MILLER, ecutive Order Number 11647 of , the country because we share similar RICHARD OTTINGER, EDWARD (NED) PAT­ 1972) shall each establish and maintain a problems and conditions. TISON, PATRICIA SCHROEDER, FORTNEY Regional Ofilce of Hispanic Affairs. The di­ (PETE) STARK, ALAN STEELMAN, CHARLES rectors of such Offices shall serve as Special Another study by the U.S. Commission Assistants for Hispanic Affairs to the Chair­ on Civil Rights documents the severe B. RANGEL, FREDERICK W. RICHMOND, person of the Federal Regional Council. The educational handicaps experienced by BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, ANTONIO BORJA Regional Offices of Hispanic Affairs shall ad­ Mexican-Americans in the Southwest. WON PAT, and ANDREW YOUNG. vtse all executive departments and agencies The Mexican-American Education Study If our Government does not move regarding the needs of Hispanics in the re­ which lasted 5 years, from 1969 to 1974, ahead with a firm commitment, the His­ gion. The Regional Offices shall advise and found that Mexican-American parents panic population may fall so far behind assist Hispanic groups and individuals in may expect as their children enter pub­ economically in the next decade that the receiving assistance and benefits available by trend may never be reversed. This reso­ law. lic schools in the Southwest: First, their SEc. 3. The Secretary of Commerce shall children will be isolated from Anglo chil­ lution is a matter of survival for all establish and maintain a Hispanic Informa­ dren; second, their language and culture American Hispanics. I hope that you will tion Clearinghouse which shall collect, an­ will be excluded; third, schools to which join us by supporting this joint resolu­ alyze and disseminate information concern­ their children are assigned will be un­ tion. The text follows: ing the social, economic, employment, health derfinanced; fourth, teachers will treat H.J. REs. 959 and housing needs and conditions of their children less favorably than Anglo Joint resolution to pay tribute to the contri­ Hispanics. pupils; and fifth, 40 percent of their butions of Hispanics, to establish an omce SEc. 4. The Special Assistant to the Presi­ children will drop out of school before of Hispanic Affairs in the various executive dent for Hispanic Affairs shall provide leader­ agencies, and for other purposes ship and guidance to all departments and graduation and those who remain will agencies of the Executive Branch in imple­ achieve less well than their Anglo class­ Whereas Hispanics, people of Mexican­ menting this joint resolution. Each depart­ mates. American, Puerto Rican, Cuban-American, ment and agency shall issue appropriate We are the most disadvantaged com­ and other Spanish-origin Americans, have guidelines to further the purposes of this munity primarily because of the lan­ been involved in the development of the joint resolution. The head of each Executive Western Hemisphere, and our country's His­ department and agency 1s directed to coop­ guage barrier, and we are losing ground. panic heritage reaches back more than four There are several other reasons why we erate fully in assuring equal opportunity to centuries; and Hispanic Americans. are falling further behind economically, Whereas Hispanics have served the cause but one of the major obstacles is that of democracy since before the Revolutionary War and have Congressional Medal of Honor the language and cultural barriers be­ TOM IORIO-WINNER OF McCOR­ tween provider and client are too great, recipients far in excess of their representa­ tion in the population; and MACK AWARD OF EXCELLENCE­ and well-intended Government services Whereas the Hispanic contribution has HAS OUTSTANDING RECORD OF and programs are not reaching us. There been a consistent and vital infiuence in our PUBLIC SERVICE are not enough Hispanics giving input country's cultural growth; and into the decisionmaking levels of the Whereas almost 20 million Americans of Federal bureaucracy. For example, as we Hispanic ancestry, today add meaningfully HON. JOE L. EVINS know, there are only seven Hispanic to our national diversity, enriching the qual­ OF TENNESSEE ity of our daily lives; and Members of Congress. And there is no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hispanic interest lobbying organization Whereas, despite their early arrival to these shores, Hispanics continue to be the most Tuesday, May 11, 1976 to monitor the agencies. disadvantaged in the areas of education, This joint resolution we introduce to­ health, housing, employment, and economic Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, day will end the lack of Hispanic input development; and I want to take this means of paying a in Federal agencies. This measure is not Whereas the Government of the United brief but sincere tribute to my friend­ meant to give favored treatment to any States for years has recognized that Hispanics Tom Iorio--a member of the House statf group or eliminate input from various have not received the full benefit of its pro­ for 31 years and who recently received grams neither as participants nor as em­ other disadvantaged groups. We propose ployees: Now, therefore, be it the John W. McCormack Award of that this program will work with the Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ Excellence. other affirmative action programs, like resentatives of the United States of America Tom, as we all know, is the able, genial, the Women's Bureau and EEO efforts. in Congress assembled, That (a) the Presi­ personable, and helpful pair clerk to the Hispanics need this program because the dent shall Within 120 days of the date of the majority office of the Sergeant at Arms. gap between our community and the enactment of this joint resolution take such He has always been most helpful and co- mainstream is continuing to widen. measures as may be necessary to insure that operative in his service to the Members. the head of each Executive department and This new program will require that agency w1ll establlsh and maintain an Office Tom is knowledgeable, informed, and each executive department and agency Of Hispanic A1rairs. The Director Of this Ofilce, is constantly abreast of legislation and establish and maintain an office of His­ who shall be appointed by the head of such events transpiring in the House. panic affairs. This offi.ce will assist in department or agency, shall also serve as However, his importance to the House 14696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 transcends his official duties related di­ grown from 1,700 to about 6,000 students; and often spoke favorably of it, said Dr. rectly to his position-Tom is known for its budget from $700,000 to $8 million; the Michael R. Winston, director of the Moor­ worth of its physical plant, from $3 million land Spinga.rn Research Center, which his dedication, his loyalty to friends, and to $34 million with the addition of 18 major sponsored yesterday's tribute. Many of the for the strong relationships he enjoys on buildings. All departments were fully ac­ attacks on Johnson, however, were manu­ both sides of the aisle. credited, some were granting doctorates, a.nd factured by his enemies within the uni­ Tom has received many and federal funding for Howard ha.d become versity, or were the reaction of conservative I predict that many more honors will be guaranteed under law. Members of Congress who felt the blacks on accorded him-he is truly an outstand­ To mark the 50th anniversary of Dr. John­ the Howard campus did not know their place. ing public servant-he helps make the son's "election" a.s president of Howard, some In 1933, for example, the communism wheels of Government go around in the long-time colleagues a.nd friends, as well a.s charges coincided with protests on the some younger members of the community in­ campus inspired by the trials of the Scotts­ House. terested in maintaining its traditions, got boro Boys, nine black teenagers sentenced to I am pleased to commend and con­ together yesterday in Rankin Memorial death in Alabama for the alleged rape of gratulate Tom most highly and wish Chapel. two white women of questionable reputation. him the very best of good luck and con­ Dr. Benjamin Mays, 82, retired president of In addition, several hundred Howard stu­ tinued success. Morehouse College--Johnson's alma. mater dents demonstrated against wa.r a.nd fascism when it was known as Atlanta. Baptist Col­ a.nd the university held a. colloquium on the lege-was there, a.nd Dr. James M. Na.brit, economic condition of blacks. A TRmUTE TO MORDECAI WYATT Johnson's immediate successor, a.nd Dr. The Congressional attacks brought a. swift JOHNSON James Cheek, the current Howard president. response from Mordecai Johnson. In "Simple Mordecai Johnson wa.s there too, to hear Justice," Kluger writes: "If obtaining annual himself praised, a.t 86 his speech impaired funds from Congress meant that his uni­ HON. ANDREW YOUN'G and his brilliant mind clouded by age. versity had to give up a.ny degree of its In the last decade, Johnson ha.s faded from OF GEORGIA academic freedom, declared the Baptist min­ the local scene, but for a few years after his ister-turned-educator, why, then Howard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES retirement from Howard he was a controver­ University would not accept a.ny appropria­ Wednesday, May 19, 1976 sial figure, a. gadfly on the District school tion a.t all and the students a.nd the faculty board, which a.t the time was appointed by might as well a.ll pack up a.nd 'go back to Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, the judges of the U.S. District court who the cornfield.' Finally, black America had an this year represents a special anniver­ maintained on it a five white, four black educator who not only did not need to bow sary in the history of Howard Univer­ ratio. Johnson a.nd Dr. Euphemia L. Haynes, and scrape before white benefactors but sity-the 50th anniversary of the ap­ also in her 70s, became the two radicals on quite plainly would not have dreamed of pointment of Mordecai Wyatt Johnson the board. doing so." as its president. From 1926 until his re­ They kept up a drumbeat of criticism, In 1938, in his bacca.l:a.urea.te address, charging that the track system of student Johnson clearly focused on what is now tirement 1n 1960, Dr. Johnson served as grouping was prejudicial to blacks, that Howard's dynamic, often controversial known as the "Third World" nations: "More schools in black neighborhoods get le& than six hundred million people of ., leader, developing the school from a money, that politics played a big part in India a.nd Africa. for ages have been pawns small, poorly financed, largely unac­ teacher appointments a.nd that blacks were of the economically industrialized nations of credited institution into an academically not represented adequately in administrative the world. We must seek a world in which the renowned university. positions. security shared by a. small percentage of the As a student at Howard during Dr. After four years of this, the judges sum­ people will be shared by all." marily dropped Johnson in 1965, refusing to During World War n, Winston noted, there Johnson's tenure, I benefited from his name him to a. second term despite wide courage and wisdom. His outspokenness was intense pressure for a moratorium on community support. Within two years, John­ any criticism of American social injustice and his ability to conceive and consider son had the satisfaction of seeing many of or the issue of colonta.llsm in order to a.id new ideas were models for us all. his points supported in the decision of U.S. the allied effort. But Johnson's voice could On May 6 the Washington Star pub­ Appeals Court Judge J. Skelly Wright, re­ not be stilled. In a speech in November, 1942, lished an excellent article on Dr. John­ sulting from the suit brought against the he said Nazi ha.d stated the doc­ son's remarkable career and his contri­ system by Julius W. Hobson, now a city trine of a "superior race in its boldest and butions to Howard, to the District of Co­ council member. Wright barred the track most repulsive form," but "we must not system and found that predomina.ntly white forget that the outstandingly overt exem­ lumbia, and to minority group members schools had been favored, black schools and the poor throughout the Nation. I plifications of that doctrine in the actual shortchanged. organization of mankind are on our side, am pleased to bring this article to the Throughout his career at Howard, Johnson in the British, French, Dutch, Belgi:a.n and attention of my colleagues. was a prominent loca.l and national figure, in South African subordination of colonial The article follows: the habit of making waves. As Richard peoples." WHAT AN IMPACT ONE MAN MADE lN 50 YEARS Kluger wrote in his monumental book, "Sim­ In the 1950s, the era. of Cold War fervor (By John Mathews) ple Justice," which chronicles the legal ef­ a.nd McCarthy paranoia. on college campuses, fort-much of it centered at the Howard There was an imperious quality about as Howard University-trained lawyers were University Law School (the "West Point of leading the civil rights battle in the courts, him: erect posture, rimless glasses, stylized the Civil Rights Movement")-to overturn gestures, a booming voice, a.nd what Johnson spoke out for what is now called school segregation laws, Johnson was a black "detente." In 1951, he wrote "if we persist amounted to semi-formal a.tttre--da.rk ma.n who was unaccustomed to "eating hum­ jacket, striped pants and tie, a.lwa.ys a. vest, in believing that there is no good in Russia ble pie before Congressmen and other white and in communism, then by our very thought and a homburg when outdoors. warhorses. In fact, he seemed to make a point Critics called him despot and dictator; we have closed a.ll pathways of peace except of delivering a.t least one pugnacious speech by the defeat of our enemy in wa.r, and we when they really got desperate, communist a year noting how little America was doing sympathizer. a.re moving toward that war with relentless to improve the lot of its deprived masses-­ force which cannot be avoided." But, from 1926 to 1960-34 years-Mor­ words that generally brought one more Dixie­ decal Wyatt Johnson prevailed. He wa.s How­ In a. particularly prophetic 1952 speech, crat or conservative congressman howling to Johnson anticipated America's impending ard University's first black president a.nd its his feet to demand the ouster of Mordecai great developer, enricher a.nd preserver. problems in Southeast Asia. When the 36-year old pastor of the First Johnson." "Suppose you were Indo-Chinese. Wouldn't Baptist Church in Charleston, W. Va.., was Early in his tenure, Johnson was under you be amazed a.t us? For more than 100 named president a. half century ago, Howard strong attack from factions inside Howard years the French have been in Indo-China, wa.s little more than a group of unaccredited that resented the outsider and his tactics. dominating the Indo-Chinese people politi­ academic departments surrounding a dental, It was in the early 1980s, when Johnson wa.s cally, strangling them economically, a.nd medical and la.w school. Its finances de­ reorganizing university departments, buying humiliating them in the land of their pended on the whim of Congress, some of up land and getting New Deal money to bulld fathers. badly needed fac111t1es. whose members were frankly hostile to How­ "We have never sat down with the French ard's purpose. A 1931 article in The Evening Star, detail­ and demanded that they change that sys­ In 1867 Gen. Ollver 0. Howard (who was ing a campaign to oust Johnson, said par­ tem. And in this defect in our leadership, devoted to Improving the education of blacks ticular acts were not the Issue, but rather Indo-Chinese have turned to the Commu­ and poor whites, but relentlessly fought In­ h1s "outspoken opinions which have been nists, and the Communists have given them di:a.ns, including Chief Joseph and the Nez considered radical," his reputed effort to leaders, trained their troops, and given them Perce) founded the institution with an open terminate military reserve training on cam­ money. Now that It looks as though they a.dmissions policy. Allowing both blacks and pus, and his writings, which some sa.y "indi­ ca.n win, we rush up to the scene a.nd say, whites of both sexes to go to school together cate Dr. Johnson has communistic leanings." 'Dear brothers, what on earth are you all was a novel concept in the 19th century, as Like many Ulberals in the 1930s, Johnson getting ready to do? Are you going to throw well as more than half a. century later. wa.s impressed by the Sovolet experiment to yourselves into the hands of this d.la.bolical. When Johnson left in 1960, Howard had deal w1th pover.ty a.nd other social problems conspiracy under the false notion they can May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14697 bring you freedom? Why, they aren't free; asking the House Government Operations physically disabled, because of such dis­ we are the free people of the world, we have Committee to pursue this matter, but wish abilities. democratic institutions, we are your friends, to give you the opportunity to furnish a The theme for National Handicapped we wlll send you leaders, we wll1 send you satisfactory explanation and take the imme­ Week, "Independence Through Aware­ ammunition, we will send you bread." diate appropriate action. "And they look at us in amazement and I would appreciate your earliest possible ness," is particularly appropriate con­ they say, 'Brother, where have you been all reply. sidering the damage resulting fro~ the these years.' " Best regards lack of awareness, on the part of the Dr. Winston, a Howard graduate (doctorate EDWABD MEzvlNSKY. American public, of the abilities and ac­ from University of California) has dug up complishments of disabled persons. Di­ a chapter on Johnson from a 1944 boOk on CoNGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, verse and valuable contributions have leading black figures, written by Edwin R. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, been made by handicapped persons in all Embree, a white man who headed the Julius Washington, D.C., , 1916. areas of our society. It is my hope that, Rosenwald Fund, a foundation. Hon. DONALD RUMSFELD, The sketch recalls that Johnson, who through greater awareness, an increas­ Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense, ing number of disabled persons will be always referred to the South as the "former The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. slave states," had a living connection with DEAR MR. SECRETARY: On March 29th, I di· able to enrich their lives further for slavery. His father, Wyatt Johnson, had been rected a letter to you concemlng former their own benefit and for the benefit of a slave. The elder Johnson was a stern, ex­ Army Secretary Callaway's intervention 1n all Americans. acting preacher and also the operator of a the promotion of LTC Wilfred L. Ebel. No re­ stationary engine in a mill in Paris, Tenn. sponse or acknowledgement has been re­ By contrast, his mother, 30 years younger, ceived. lavished love and affection on their only It is my understanding that your General VIVIAN TYRA-OUR SUPER MOM child and imbued him with a love of books Counsel, Richard Wiley, is stlll awaiting an and education. Embree writes: Army decision on the matter. Personally, I "She read him poems and Bible stories: of find this delay inexcusable. Furthermore, it HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN David, the shepherd boy who killed a giant only serves to underscore an issue central to OF MARYLAND with a sling shot, became king of all Israel this case--how much longer will DOD permit and loved the beauteous Bathsheba; of these allegations to go unanswered? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Daniel, whose faith stood off all dangers ... I would expect that you w1ll give your Wednesday, May 19, 1976 Most often she told him the story of Mor­ immediate attention to this matter. decai (for whom he was named), member Sincerely, Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker I rise of a race despised and enslaved by the Medes EDWABD MEZVINSKY. to give special recognition to Mrs.'Vivian and the Persians (as Negroes had been in Tyra of Bowie, Maryland, for her 12 America) , who by his cleverness and the years of service and outstanding dedica­ charm of his beautiful niece, Queen Esther, slew his enemies and raised his own people NATIONAL HANDICAPPED WEEK tion to the sons and daughters of count­ to leadership in this mighty kingdom .•." less of her friends and neighbors. There are few who have given more to HON. BELLA S. ABZUG the children of the community than OF NEW YORK Vivian Tyra. She has actively helped the ARMY RESPONSIVENESS pom pom girls in Bowie High School, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES though she has no daughter of her own. HON. EDWARD MEZVINSKY Wednesday, May 19, 1976 She has supported with dedicated en­ Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, this week thusiasm the various teen clubs and has OF IOWA is National Handicapped Week. We been a dependable chauffeur and spirited IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should all take this opportunity to fa­ fan for the athletic events sponsored by Wednesday, May 19, 1976 miliarize ourselves with the problems that the Boys and Girls Club. But most mem­ orably, Mrs. Tyra has given willingly and Mr. MEZVINSKY. Mr. Speaker, for the our Nation's handicapped face and to apply ourselves to the alleviation and lovingly of her time and energy to Cub past months, I have been working to un­ elimination of these problems. Scout Pack 1281. She has been the co­ ravel fact from allegation in the blocked I have worked in the past, and will ordinating force for this group. Even promotion of an Army Reserve lieutenant continue to work, to assist handicapped after the graduation of her three sons, colonel. I enclose for the RECORD two re­ persons in overcoming these problems. I ages 15 to 21, Mrs. Tyra stayed on to cent letters on the matter that illustrate was proud to cosponsor in the Commit­ insure that others would have the same the difficulty in eliciting timely responses tee on Public Works and Transportation, opportunities that had been available to from DOD: House Concurrent Resolution 385, to her own children. As the cubs graduated CoNGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, promote and encourage the removal of from the pack, taking with them their HouSE oF R.EPBESENTATIVES, parents who had served as den mothers Washington, D.C., March 29, 1916. architectural barriers to the access of handicapped persons to public facilities and cub masters, Vivian Tyra remained Hon. DONALD RUMSFELD, recruiting replacements when none wer~ Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense. and buildings. The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. In 1974 I sponsored an amendment to readily available. She filled in as den DEAR MR. SECBETABY: A series of news re­ the Federal Mass Urban Transportation mother and, on occasion, acted as the ports have called into question the actions of Act of 1972. This bill established a pro­ pack's cub master. former Secretary of the Army Howard Calla­ gram for the building of mobile systems For the past 8 years, she has personally way regarding the promotion of LTC Wilfred for the disabled in areas where public enrolled each new boy to extend to all a L. Ebel. transportation was insufficient or inap­ feeling of welcome and importance. She As you may know, it is alleged that, sub­ offers assurance that each of them will sequent to President Ford's endorsement of propriate to the special needs of han­ LTC Ebel's nomination for promotion to dicapped persons. I took great pride in be accepted into the pack and that the colonel on , 1975, former Secre­ obtaining $20 million for this program necessary adult participants will be se­ tary Callaway lllegally ordered his name de­ in 1975, and the program will be allo­ cured to assure this. She vows that no leted from that document. Allegations cated a similar amount in 1976. This will boy will be deprived of membership nor abound that this came as the result of an continue to enable handicapped persons deprived of the character-building boy­ lntemal political struggle between Maj. Gen. hood experiences scouting offers. Mrs. Milnor Roberts and LTC Ebel, following to get to their doctors and to activities which will enrich their lives and the Tyra has given much love to the boys of closely on the heels of Ebel's critical evalua­ Bowie and is well-loved by them in tion of Roberts' management abilities and a lives of those around them. heated struggle for the position of executive Many persons are unaware of the abili­ return. director o! the Reserve Officers' Association. ties of disabled persons. This has made Mr. Speaker, I have been asked to ex­ I am concerned about the charges that the it very difficult for handicapped persons tend the heartfelt appreciation of the former Secretary tampered with nominations to obtain employment in positions which other adult participants, all of whom that only the President could withdraw or they are qualified to fulfill. I have co- have benefited from their association the Congress disapprove. If this Is the case, with Mrs. Tyra. To them she was "al­ it would be an abuse of the power of the sponsored H.R. 7754, a bill to amend the omce of Secretary of the Arm.y. Civil Rights Act of 1964, making it an ways there," ready with advice, support, Reports on non·s explana.tion of the situa­ unlawful employment practice to dis­ encouragement and enthusiasm. assist­ tion are contradictory and disturbing. I am criminate against individuals who are ing them in their often difficult jobs. 14698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 And also, Mr. Speaker, I extend to Maryland's support !or the amendment of­ that $250 million will be eliminated from Mrs. Tyra on behalf of all the boys and fered by Congressman Breaux to the cap­ the present outlays for older Americans' tioned bill. This amendment would limit the health benefits-at a time when health girls who have known and loved her, scope of Section 404 of the 1972 Federal their own special and rmique tribute: Water Pollution Control Act Amendments to costs are escalating at a much faster pace "We love you and will always remember its original intended meaning. than any other consumer expenditure. our 'Super Mom'." The history of Section 404 clearly indicates This leaves us, in the Health Subcom­ The Tyras are leaving Bowie to live in that it was designed to control the uncon­ mittee of the Ways and Means Commit­ New Jersey. They will be missed! fined deposition of dredged spoil into tradi­ tee, with our hands tied in the attempt to tional navigable waters. The passage o! this improve even the most urgent areas of section was not an attempt to promulgate need within medicare. One of these is the a wetlands program under the Army Corps problem of long-tenn hospitalization for of Engineers jurisdiction. For this reason we STATE OF MARYLAND SUPPORTS strongly support the language in the Breaux those with acute terminal illnesses. There BREAUX AMENDMENT amendment which returns the definition of is no possible way that this, or any of the navigable waters to the traditional standards other immediate problems, can be re­ HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN imposed by the U.S. Supreme Court since solved within these budget restrictions. 1940. In fact, current benefits would actually OF MARYLAND Our support, however, should not be inter­ have to be reduced in order to meet the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preted as an anti-wetland or anti-conserva­ imposition of this cut. tionist action, for since 1970, Maryland has Wednesday, May 19, 1976 recognized the need to identify and regulate Wi'th all the possibilities that exist to Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, thousands activities affecting these vital components ot cut waste from our budget, I find it hard of Americans recently involved them­ the marine ecosystem. The Corps of Engineers to believe that the Budget Committee selves in projects and celebrations to program, instead of acting to supplement members can actually consider minimal commemorate National Wildlife Week, what Maryland and other states have accom­ health care for senior citizens as one of plished through the expenditure of millions them. March 14-20. The main theme of this of dollars, sets out on its own and imposes year's activities has been that of one of broad unenforceable prohibitions which may my most prominent causes, "Save Our or may not accomplish the safeguards of our Wetlands." Last year I introduced legis­ wetland areas. For these reasons we would HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH KOREA lation, the substance of which is iden­ support new Federal legislation which would tical to an amendment to the Federal create a program protecting wetlands areas, while a.t the same time recognizing effective HON. DONALD M. FRASER Water Pollution Control Act which nas existing, state efforts which handle these OF MINNESOTA just been reported by the House Public problems. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Works and Transportation Committee. Certification of state programs which meet Introduced by our friend and col­ a uniform standard is an essential element Wednesday, May 19, 1976 . league, JOHN BREAUX Of Louisiana, this in a wetlands protection program. In addi­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the House amendment would reverse a decision by tion, the law should require an adequate is about to consider H.R. 13680, the In­ a Federal District Court which ruled identification of property classified as wet­ ternational Security Assistance and Arms that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lands to provide adequate public notice. Due process requirements also necessitate ade­ Export Control Act of 1976. has jurisdiction not only over "navige,ble quate public disclosure, hearings, penalties On April 8, 1976, I testified before the waters" as traditionally defined but well and enforcement mechanisms, and the a.b111ty Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee beyond, including farmers' ditching, to appeal the decision-making process. on Foreign Assistance. In my testimony drainage and conservation projects. The The Army Corps of Engineers 404 regula­ I outlined briefly the background of hu­ regulations issued by the Corps pursuant tions do not evolve from a. comprehensive man rights problems in South Korea and to this new power are scheduled to take wetland or marshland protection statute, but gave my views concerning our involve­ effect over the next few years. have been generated by a. misinterpretation of a section of 92-500 which was designed to ment in Korea. We have been working for over a year deal solely with the deposition of dredge spoil My conclusion that both in words and to cut back this wide power, and the into interstate waterways. There is essen­ deeds the executive branch has shown Breaux amendment is an excellent way tially no enforcement mechanism contained little evidence of concern for human to do just that. It restores the power of within the Army Corps of Engineers regula­ rights in South Korea remains valid. the Corps to its traditional level-over tions. That is why it is important to accept the navigable waterways used for the trans­ The absurdity of the Corps' effort has re­ aid "caps" voted by the International portation of interstate and foreign com­ cently reached the point that there is some Relations Committee and contained in merce. evidence that the Corps seeks to require a Section 404 permit for clamming and oyster­ H.R. 13680. These limit security assist­ What the Breaux amendment will not ing activities. It is imperative under these ance in fiscal years 1976 and 1977 to the do, as some critics charge, is to destroy circumstances that the Breaux amendment 1975 level and also continue the title I, our wetlands. Their removal from the be supported as a. threshold step in bringing Public Law 480 ceiling at the 1975 level. jurisdiction of the Corps does not leave the obvious intent o! Section 404 back to its My statement follows: them without protection, for there is al­ intended purpose. STATEMENT OF DONALD M. FRASER BEFORE THE ready an ample body of both Federal and We thank you for your anticipated cooper­ HUMPHREY SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN As­ State legislation to preserve wetlands, ation. Sincerely yours, SXSTANCE OF THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS and the wildlife which depends on them. COMMITTEE, APRIL 8, 1976 JAMES B. CoULTER. This assurance is backed up by many Mr. Chairman, I appreciate having the op­ conservation-minded agencies and portunity of appearing before the Subcom­ groups, not the least of which is the mittee on Foreign Assistance to discuss a Department of Natural Resources of my MINIMAL HEALTH CARE FOR subject of vital importance-the future di­ own State of Maryland. I recently re­ rection of US foreign policy towards the Re­ SENIOR CITIZENS public of Korea. Both this subcommittee and ceived a letter from the Honorable James the House Committee on International Rela­ B. Coulter, Secretary of the Department HON. MARTHA KEYS tions are in the process of considering the of Natural Resources, to this effect. M a fiscal 1977 Security Assistance request by the lucid analysis and statement of policy, I OF KANSAS Executive Branch. It is timely, therefore, to thought it would be worthwhile to bring IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES consider whether the existing relationship it to the attention of my colleagues, and Wednesday, May 19, 1976 between the United States and the Republlc I hereby submit it for the RECORD. I also of Korea is in our best interest. hope that it will help to see the Breaux Ms. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, I question In 1974, the Subcommittee on Interna­ amendment on to a swift and final pas­ many of the priorities included in this tional Orga.niza. tions, which I chair, became conference budget resolution. One glar­ interested in the Korean situation through sage. a general concern with raising the priority The article follows: ing change for the worse in the confer­ given to human rights in US foreign policy. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, STATE OF ence report is the slashing of $450 million It is my belief that how a. government treats MARYLAND from the medicare budget of the House its own people should be a principal factor DEAR CONGRESSMAN BAUMAN: We are tak­ budget resolution. in determining the nature of the relation­ ing this opportunity to indicate the Sta.te o! This cut leaves us with the assumption ship which the United States maintains with May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14699 that government. Normal diplomatic rela­ tained by the KCIA have been tortured or grant Inilitary assistance to all countries be tions should be maintained with all govern­ otherwise mistreated. The press has been discontinued within the next year. The vari­ ments. However. the United States should stified; trade unions are denied the right to ous forms of security assistance combined not maintain a supportive relationship with strike; the opposition party is decimated is increasing from $202.7 million, in Fiscal a government which oppresses its own peo­ through harassment and indictments; and 1976 to $286 million in Fiscal 1977. an in­ ple. Mllitary assistance should not be pro· religious leaders are arrested for their advo­ crease of about $83 million. vided to such governments unless there are cacy of human rights. One must regretfully conclude, therefore. extraordinary circumstances necessitating Moreover, testimony before my subcom­ that in both words and deeds the Execu­ such assistance. Inittee has indicated that the KOIA has tive Branch has shown little evidence of The above views are not simply my own. been using some of its strong-arm tactics concern for human rights. Congress has expressed these views and within the United States. We understand KOREA AND U.S. NATIONAL SECUlU'l'Y written them into the Foreign Assistance Act. that such tactics have included harassment I would like to turn now to the second I am referring to Section 502B of that act of Korean-Americans who are critical of consideration which is important in evaluat­ which has been significantly strengthened in President Park; covert funding of pro-Park ing the effectiveness of our relationship with the Fiscal 1976 Security Assistance Bill. communications media; manipulation of ac­ South Korea-namely, to wha-t extent is our HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH KOREA tivities and elections of Korean residents relationship helpful to advancing U.S. na­ I would like to begin by describing some associations; and offers of money to candi­ tional security. In this regard, I would like of the legal measures President Park has dates for public office in the United States. to discuss in particular the presence of our taken to suppress all forms of opposition. In American Inilltary support for the Repub­ troops in South Korea. Leaving aside the 1972 the Constitution was amended by a ref­ lic of Korea has three forms. The United human rights dimension, one must ask erendu m ca.rried out under martial law with States provides significant amounts of mili­ whether these troops are necessary for the debate on the amendments barred. The ef­ tary assistance to Korea: for 1977 the Ad­ defense of South Korea against a North fect of the amendments is to place all ef­ ministration has requested $275,000,000 in Korean attack? fect ive power in the office of the President. foreign m111tary credit sales; $8,300,000 in To answer this question requires a com­ One-third of t he membership of the National grant military assistance; and $2,700,000 in parison of the relative military strengths of Assembly is nominated by the President and military education and training. There are North and South Korea. In ground troops elected by the National Conference for Uni­ presently stationed in South Korea approxi­ the South has about 625,000 while the North fication which is, itself, popularly elected; mately 42,000 troops. Finally, we have a has only 467,000. South Korea has 3,128,000 consequent ly, the President's control of the mutual defense treaty with South Korea in reserve forces and civilian militia; North Assembly is virtually ensured. Under the which obliges us to come to their defense Korea has only 1,600,000. It should be noted new Constitution the President is granted 1n accordance with our Constitutional that South Korea's population is more than wide authority to enact emergency measures processes. twice that of North Korea. for national security, public safety or other HUMAN RIGHTS AND U.S. POLICY In terms of aircraft the North has 597 reasons. These measures are not subject to I would suggest that we look at our rela­ planes while the South has only 210 aircraft. judicial review. tionship with South Korea from two points However, many of the North Korean aircraft In 1974 the President issued a series of of view. First in terms of the U.S. impact are old model MIG's which are no match for emergency measures: up t o 15 years impris­ upon the human rights situation in South the F-4 and F-5-E's. Moreover, in October of onment for advocating amendment of the Korea; secondly. 1n terms of our own na­ 1975 the Department of Defense announced Constitution; creation of courts martial to tional security interest. plans to sell $383 million worth of aircraft to try political offenses; punis>hment by death. The NiXon-Ford Administration has done South Korea. During the period of fiscal years life imprisonment or no less than 5 years little with respect to the increasingly repres­ 1975 through 1977, South Korea will be pur­ imprisonment for any student who engages sive nature of the Park regime. The Admin­ chasing 19 F4E's, 13 F5B's. 54 F5E's and 6 in political activity. any person who defames istration has llmlted itself to making private F5F's. Consequently, South Korea will soon actions by the Education Mlnister. refuses diplomatic representations to the Govern­ have an airforce at least equal to that of to attend classes or examinations. or com­ ment of South Korea expressing concern North Korea. mun icates with a member of the National about the deprivation of human rights. Oc­ The Executive Branch no longer argues Federation of Democratic Youth. In 1974 t he casionally, mlld public statements have also that US ground forces are required in South Department of State concluded that "For the been expressed. Most of these expressions of Korea for military purposes. In the spring of past two years the trend in Korea. has been concern, however, are not given as concerns 1975 Secretary Schlesinger stated that "we toward an authoritarian government. Insti­ of the Executive Branch, but r&ther as con­ are no longer offering a milita-ry rationale tutional means of dissent have been rendered cerns of Congress or the American public. It for the presence of the 2nd Division ... our powerless and efforts to express opposition is said that if the situation is not improved forces are there to contribute to stability on have been suppressed through a series of upon, the Congress may act negatively to­ the Korean peninsula and in the area . . . " severe emergency decrees.t wards Korea. The implication behind such Even President Park has indicated that our Under the 1974 emergency decrees more expressions of concern is that the Executive troops could be withdrawn by 1980. He said than 1,000 people were detained for inves­ Branch, itself, will not initiate any action that if the Soviet Union or China. were not tigation; 203 persons were tried and con­ to reduce the U.S. cominitment to South engaged in the confiict, South Korea would victed. By February 1975 the Presidenrt had Korea because of its human rights perform­ not need US ground, air. naval or even logis­ pardoned all but 35 persons who were ex­ ance. tic support. Under the present circumstances. empted because they had violated other laws. The failure of the Administration to speak neither the Soviet Union or China favor the On , 1975 eight of the remaining pris­ more forcefully is especially disturbing be­ outbreak of war on the Korean peninsula. oners were executed; serious doubts have cause at the outset of U.S. aid policy to Thus, in strictly mllitary terms the pres­ been raised regarding their guilt. South Korea many years ago Secretary of ence of our troops in South Korea are un­ In March 1975 the Assembly adopted an State Dean Acheson said " ... that U.S. aid, necessary. Moreover. their presence poses a anti-slander law restricting freedom of both military and economic, to the Republic serious risk for US national security. speech for Koreans while abroad or in deal­ of Korea has been predicated upon the exist­ Should a confilct break out on the penin­ ings with foreigners while in Korea. Persons ence and growth of democratic institutions sula, our military forces would iinmediately convioted of violating the decree may re­ within the Republic". The desire of many be engaged in the conflict regardless of the ceive up to 7 years imprisonment. In May Members of Congress for a more forthright wishes of the Congress or the American pub­ President Park issued emergency decree No. Administration policy was clearly expressed lic. What would be the response of the 9 which prohibits "fabricating or disseminat­ last week by 119 Members of Congress who American public? Unless in the unlikely ing false facts" and the advocacy of any called upon the President to publicly disas­ event China or the Soviet Union was provid­ change in the Constitution. This decree also sociate the United States from President ing military forces in support of North applies to the press which has been severely Park's oppressive tactics. I would like to re­ Korea., it is unlikely that the American public suppressed in South Korea. Under this decree quest that their letter be made part of the would favor another Vietnam-type cominit­ persons may be detained indefinitely and re­ record. ment by US forces. The repressive nature of ceive no less than 1 year imprisonment. It is The human rights situation in South the Park regime would receive considerable under this decree that Kim Dae Jung and 17 Korea appears to have little effect on the public notice analogous to the attention other persons have been indicted. Executive Branch•s request !or security as­ given to the political prisoners under the In short, freedom is virtually dead in South sistance. Por Fiscal 1977, Inilitary sales cred­ Thleu government of Vietnam. Given ths.t it is more than doubled. It is proposed to presumption. what would be the fate of our Korea. The Korean Central Intelligence forces in Korea? There might be no other Agency (KCIA) intimidates anyone suspected increase the sum of $126 million for fiscal of dissident views. Many of the persons de- year 1976 to $275 mllilon for Fiscal year course but for them to withdraw under fire 1977. Grant military assistance would be which would seriously undermine the South decreased from $74 million in Fiscal 1976 Koreans' defense capability at the most 1 Fiscal Year 1975 Foreign Assistance Re­ to $8,300,000 for Fiscal 1977. However. the critical hour. Our credibility with and quest, Hearings before the Committee on reduction 1n grant assistance cannot be in­ other friendly countries in Asia would be Foreign A1fa1rs, House of Representatives. terpreted as a response to the human rights da.ngerously weakened. 93rd Congress, 2d Session. (June-July. 1974), situation in South Korea, but rather as im­ My conclusion with respect to our military pp. 287-289. plementing the Congressional mandate that presence in South Korea. 1s that these troops 14700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 should be gradually with

SENATE-Thursday, May 20, 1976 The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was into executive session to consider a nom­ AUTHORIZATION FOR SUBCOJMMIT­ called to order by Hon. DICK CLARK, a ination on the calendar under New TEE ON JUVENil.JE DELINQUENCY Senator from the State of Iowa. Reports. TO MEET UNTil., 2 P.M. There being no objection, the Senate Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in PRAYER proceeded to the consideration of execu­ view of the difficult circumstances sur­ The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward tive business. rounding the Subcommittee on Juvenile L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following Delinquency, I ask unanimous consent prayer: DEPARTMENT OF STATE that it be allowed to meet until 2 p.m. today. Eternal Father, for this still moment The seCDnd assistant legislative clerk The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there when all other sounds are hushed save read the nomination '()f Rosemary L. objection? The Chair hears none. and it the divine knocking and the entreating Ginn, of Missouri, to be Ambassador is so ordered. voice breaking the barriers of self-will, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of and echoing across the centuries, "If any the United States of America to Luxem­ man will open the door, I will come in." bourg. Then come to us, 0 Spirit of Love and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ ARTS, HUMANITIES, AND CULTURAL Purity, cleansing, renewing, strengthen­ pore. Without objection, the nomination AFFAIRS ACT OF 1976 ing us for the days ahead. Make us to is considered and confirmed. know that above all men and all nations Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, Ire­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Thou standest in majesty, holiness, and quest the President be notified. unanimous consent that the Senate turn judsment. Deliver us from partial dedi­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ to the consideration of Calendar No. 836. cations, from false piety, from hypocrisy, pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill from pretending to be better or worse will be stated by title. than we are. Keep our humanity under The assistant legislative clerk read as Thy grace. LEGISLATIVE SESSION follows: Spare us from substituting cunning for Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I A b111 (S. 3440) to amend and extend the National Foundation on the Arts and Hu­ conviction, cupidity for consecration, move that the Senate resume the con­ Inanities Act of 1965, to provide for the im­ deftness for dedication. Keep us true to sideration of legislative business. provement of museum services, to provide our high calling as servants of the com­ The motion was agreed to, and the for cultural challenge programs, an arts edu­ mon good, that radiant joy may transfig­ Senate resumed the consideration of leg­ cation program and an American Bicenten­ ure every duty and the tasks of this and islative business. nial Photography and Film Project, and for every day may be met with purity and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ other purposes. power and grace, to the honor of Thy pore. The Chair recognizes the distin­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there name and for the welfare of the Nation. guished minority leader. objection to the request of the Senator Amen. Mr. HUGH SCOTT. Mr. President, I from Montana? yield back my time. There being no objection, the Senate APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ proceeded to consider the bill. DENT PRO TEMPORE ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I send to the desk an amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will please read a communication to the pore. Under the previous order, there will state the amendment. Senate from the President pro tempore will now be a period for the transaction The assistant legislative clerk read as (Mr. EASTLAND). of routine morning business, not to ex­ follows: The assistant legislative clerk read the tend beyond the hour of 12 noon, with The Senator from Montana (Mr. MANs­ following letter: statements therein limited to 5 minutes. FIELD) proposes an amendment on page 1, u.s. SENATE, Une 6, strike "Progress" and Insert "pro­ PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, gram." Washington, D.C., May 20, 1976. RECESS UNTIL 11:35 A.M. Page 18, line 18, strike "Definition" and To the Senate: insert "Definitions." Being temporarily absent from the Senate Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Page 19, Une 4, before the period insert on official duties, I appoint Hon. DICK CLARK, ask unanimous consent that the Sen81te "organized on a permanent baals for essen­ a Senator from the State of Iowa, to perform stand in recess until the hour of 11:35 tially educational or esthetic purposes, which, the duties of the Chair during my absence. a.m. today. utilizing a professional sta1f, owns and uti­ JAMES 0. EASTLAND, There being no objection, the Senate, izes tangible objects, cares for them, and Presid.ent pro tempore. at 11 :04 a.m., recessed until 11:35 a.m.; exhibits them to the public on a regular basis". Mr. CLARK thereupon took the chair whereupon, the Senate reassembled as Acting President pro tempore. when called to order by the Presiding The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques­ THE JOURNAL Oftlcer