May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14693 EXTEN,SIONS OF REMARKS INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FEL Being a Canadian citizen, I feel incapable upon which this country was founded and LOW'S ANNUAL PILGRIMAGE TO of appropriate expression of the appreciation continues its existence; you must certainly THE TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN I feel for this privilege; and to adequately stand a bit taller, walk a bit prouder. In the state my acknowledgment of this high honor knowledge that you are an American and SOLDIER you have bestowed upon a:ne. I trust that America Is you. Surely, as you came to this such words as I have to oft'er wlll be a fitting place to participate in this tribute; you, each HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY tribute to the Unknown Soldier, and to all o! you, must have sensed an awakening~ a those who share this reverent and respected new awareness, of your duties and responsi OF MINNESOTA resting place. bilities to maintain these Ideals at their high IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES I am aware that there are those resting est level. here of my own country, who fought and Wednesday, May 19, 1976 To do less would be to break faith with died in the cause of Freedom alongside your those whom we honor this day. To do less Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, on fathers, sons and daughters, and because of is to commit a grave injustice to the heritage Sunday, May 2, 1976, some 3,500 mem them I can sense that feeling of belonging, of this nation. To do less 1s to deny the o! kinship, with those of your nation who duties and allegiances you owe to yourself, bers of the Independent Order of Odd rest here. Because of them, I can envision Fellows, held their 43d annual pilgrim your family, your fellow citize.ns, and to the that greater and deeper feeling you must ex world of Man. In expressing this tribute to age to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. perience in this place. To define such a feel the unknown soldier, may I offer the words of The purpose of this pilgrimage is not ing, one must possess more eloquence than I, Ralph Waldo Emerson: only to honor the Unknown Soldier and to convey the awe, the loss and desolation, Not Gold, but only man can make the Nation's war dead, but also the mem the wonderment at it all, and surely, most A people great and strong; bers of the Independent Order of Odd surely, that solemn pride of which Lincoln wrote in his letter to a grieving mother who Men who, for truth and honor's sake Fellows who made the supreme sacrifice had lost five sons in battle, when he said: Stand fast and suffer long. for our country. "The solemn pride that must be yours to Brave men who work while others sleep, This annual pilgrimage of members of have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar Who dare while others fly the order from all over the United States of Freedom." They build a nation's pillars deep is marked by distinctive fraternal and Yes, my brothers, sisters, and friends, truly And lift them to the sky. patriotic features. yours must be a solemn pride as you look Let this then, be our tribute to the "Un The ceremony of remembrance of those upon this grim fulfillment of that prophetic known Soldier"; our tribute to the Bicen who have given their lives to preserve statement by a former President of this great tennial; our tribute to America. May their nation. But, even more solemn, must be the costly sacrifice become the pillars o! great the "American way of life" enshrines the realization of the great responsib111ties that ness that we will 11ft. principles of Odd FellowshiP-friend rest upon you, to protect and preserve that "The solemn pride that must be Ours!" ship, love, and truth. freedom; for which these whom we honor Are we worthy of it's cost? Three of the order's most prized jewels today made their sacrifice. Think o! the great in honor of the Unknown Soldier of task that is yours to uphold those ideals o! World War I, World War II, and the this nation in our world and our time. Con Korean conflict have been placed in the sider for a moment all that is implied in your obligation to persevere against all foes TRIDUTE TO OTrO KERNER, JB.. trophy room at Arlington Cemetery. in the defence o! Uberty; the pursuit of hap FORMER GOVERNOR, STATE OP In this Bicentennial Year, Odd Fellows piness; the right o! free choice of the indi ILLINOIS placed 73 wreaths at the Tomb of the vidual, truly an avocation o! monumental Unknown Soldier and a wreath also was proportions. It was for these ideals, that the placed at the Canadian monument in Unknown Soldier laid down his life; for these HON. JOHN G. FARY Arlington Cemetery by the four interna ideals that all these hundreds of thousands OF ILLINOIS tional heads of the order: J. Douglas down through the years wllllngly and volun IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tarily made their supreme sacrifice. Certainly Moore of Perth, New Brunswick, Canada, Wednesday, May 19, 1976 sovereign grand master; Mrs. Hazel Lou there can be no greater eloquence than that expressed in the words o! Patrick Henry and Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker, I would like to Wallace of Shreveport, La., president of Nathan Hale: "Give Me Liberty or Give Me the International Association of Rebekah Death" and "I Regret I Have Only One Life call to the attention of the House there Assemblies; General Elmer Teft, General To Give For My Country." Such dedication. cent passing of a great American, Otto Commanding, of Sarnia, Ontario, Can such devotion can only be expressed by great Kerner, Jr. of Chicago, a veteran of al ada, of the General Military Council, men. But these were ordinary men. men of most 30 years of public life, and a man I Patriarchs Militant; and Lady Emma this land, who chose to die, rather than yield not only saw fit to admire politically, but Wolfert of Buffalo, N.Y., president of the to the oppressive hand of tyranny, the humil personally as well. iating yoke of slavery. With such a heritage, I would have it here recorded that Otto International Association of Ladies and tradition rising virtually from the mo Auxiliaries, Patriarchs Militant. ment of birth of this great nation, you, it's Kerner was my friend, and that I shall The annual banquet, held in the city contemporary citizens must indeed be proud, always cherish the memory of that of Washington on the evening preceding and rightly so. Think also of the silent elo friendship. the pilgrimage features addresses by dis quence emanating forth from this view be As a member of the Illinois State Leg tinguished leaders of the order and fore us. So many, too many, to have been islature in the 1960's, I had the honor of prominent statesmen. sacrificed in the cause of Freedom; and the serving under the executive authority of defence of this Nation's ideals. Certainly Governor Kerner and, in so doing, came Mr. President, I insert at this point their sacrifice was costly, vastly so; but not the pilgrimage address for 1976 by J. more than the duty devolved upon you to to recognize him as a man of the most Douglas Moore, sovereign grand master honor their _sacrifice in defending those enormous abilities. of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. ideals for which they died. Graduating law school in the 1930's, There being no objection, the address In preparation for this occasion, I consid he established his own law practice in was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ered speaking on the virtues and attributes of Chicago which he surrendered to serve the "Unknown Soldier" and what he would the Country in World War II, in the as follows: say to us today, if such were possible. Yet, PILGRIMAGE ADDRESS, 1976, WASHINGTON, I became possessed by the thought that, in 6-year period 1941-1946. Entering the D.C.-ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY this historic year, certainly every American Army as a private, he rose to brigadier Mr. Chairman. Distinguished Guests, Fel must !eel a great pride in the accomplish general during World War II and was a low Officers, My Brothers and Sisters, Ladies ments of this country . . . accomplishments member of the prosecution's legal team and Gentlemen: As I stand upon this Hal too often bought at terrible cost; the evi at Nuremburg. He was highly decorated, lowed ground and gaze out at row after row dence o! which lies all around us. Then, the receiving both the Bronze Star and the of graveposts, each marking the last resting words of Lincoln came back to me with Soldier's Medal. place of an American patriot; I am aware of vivid clarity and profound meaning. My an overpowering sense o! humility that it friends, as you recall and re-enact the rich Upon receiving his discharge from has fallen to me to dellver the address of this hl.story of this great nation; a.s you observe service, Otto Kerner entered politics as a occasion 1n the Bicentennial year o! this and celebrate its bicentennial as you search candidate for State attorney for the great nation. for a self-rededication to the noble ideals Northern District of Dlinois. He was 14694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 elected, and proceeded over the next 7 section 608 of the Trade Act of 1974 sification of imported materials in these years to distinguish himself in that ca directs appropriate agencies to collect product lines-determined by review of pacity. In 1954 he was chosen judge of and publish uniform statistics on im import documents by Census. the Cook County Court to which post he ports, exports and production. It also The Trade Act of 1974 offers domestic was reelected in 1958. He became Gover refers to similar actions on an interna industries a number of "procedures" for nor in 1960, defeating the Republican tional scope. The August 1, 1975 joint re relief from "disruptions of markets by incumbent by 481,000 votes. Four years port of the Secretary of Commerce and imports." But, in a diverse product mix later he defeated the Honorable CHARLES Chairman of the U.S. International type of industry, such as steel tubular H. PERCY, now the State's junior Senator, Trade Commission-"Principles and products, many of the avenues for relief by 179,000 votes. Concepts Which Should Guide the Or are blocked by the inability to measure As Governor, otto Kerner established ganization and Development of an the imports by the product mix due~ to a reputation for impartiality and fairness Enumeration of Articles Which Would the setup of the annotations of U.S. rarely achieved by State executive au Result in Comparability of U.S. Import, Taritf Schedules. The annotations, as thority in recent times, coupled with a Production and Export Data." Part V, outlined in this bill will help to rectify record for innovation, boldness, and di section C recommends the framework of this situation. rectness of the highest order. the TSUS be adopted as the basis for the This bill leaves the duty rates blank. He was indeed a remarkable adminis enumeration of the exports schedule. If This is deliberate. There are a number trator. Under the infiuence of Governor this would be adopted, it is only logical of idiosyncrasies in the current duty Kerner, employment soared and welfare that production would also be so meas rates. Some rates, currently, are ad val rolls were dramatically reduced in size. ured in due time. If the base for the orem, some are cents per pound, some Both capital and labor prospered. When data-TSUS-happens to be inadequate, are combinations of the two. Some rates racial troubles struck the country during all these factors-imports, exports, pro are lower than the duties currently his administration, Governor Kerner re duction data-would end up as inade charged to starting stock from which the ceived a Presidential appointment as quate. This bill will change the TSUS tube or pipe can be made. Some rates are chairman of a special commission estab to make such a suggestion a logical ap much lower than those charged by indus lished to investigate the causes of vio proach to the situation as it applies to tralized nations exporting the product to lence and racial unrest. The report sub steel tubular products. the United States. The rate problem can sequently returned by the so-called In calendar 1975, U.S. international be solved best by committee action with Kerner Commission has been adjudged trade--exports plus imports-exceeded input sought from concerned govern of the greatest importance in reducing $2 billion which makes pipe and tubing ment agencies, the industry and the con racial tensions over the past decade. one of the most widely traded of all the suming industries. In 1968, Otto Kerner received an ap mill forms of steel. pointment to the bench of the U.S. Court This product line plays an extremely of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, on which he vital role in many of the current and served with zeal and high ability. At the near future problem areas of the United INTRODUCTION OF JOINT RESOLU close of a magnificent career, Judge States--energy, food production and TION TO ESTABLISH OFFICES OF Kerner was accused of improper conduct processing, construction, transportation, HISPANIC AFFAIRS in omce by certain of his political oppo materials handling and the general nents and, ultimately, because something metalworking industry. in the nature of a political prisoner, a The industry measures its product mix HON. HERMAN BADILLO fate he clearly did not deserve. by method of manufacture-seamless, OF NEW YORK History alone shall be the true judge welded-by class of steel-carbon, alloy, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heat-resisting, stainless-and by general of this disturbing conclusion to an other Wednesday, May 19, 1976 wise exemplary career. But, as a friend of end use-standard pipe, line pipe, oil Otto Kerner, I am not required to wait country goods, pressure tubing, mechani Mr. BADn.,Lo. Mr. Speaker, today I for history. I know the man for what he cal tubing, structural pipe or tubing, pU am introducing a joint resolution which was-a true and upright citizen-and I ing. There are over 200 plants scattered will create an office of Hispanic Affairs take this occasion to declare my belief to over 36 States engaged in the manufac in each Federal agency. Joining me in that effect. ture of one or more of these segments of the introduction of this legislation are the product mix. Total employment is 21 cosponsors. In the drafting of this around 200,000. The plants vary in size measure I have worked closely with the STEEL TUBULAR PRODUCTS from some with less than 50 employees to National Congress of Hispanic American some with employment of several thou Citizens-El Congreso--a national, non sand. No single company makes the com partisan citizens lobby for legislation HON. WILLIAM J. GREEN plete line of tubular products and no one for the Spanish speaking. The organiza OF PENNSYLVANIA company can be said to dominate the tion has a national board of trustees and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES steel tubular products industry of the 125 participating national, State, and Wednesday, May 19, 1976 United States. local Spanish-speaking organizations. Because steel pipe and tubing is one Included on the board of trustees is rep Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, I have today of the highest valued-per ton-of all resentation from IMAGE, the national introduced legislation to revise the Tariff the mill forms of steel it is "import sen organization of Federal employees that Schedules of the United States An sitive." In calendar 1975, imports of all has as its primary goal the hiring of notated (1975) for steel tubular prod mill forms of steel were equivalent to 15 Hispanics by the Federal Government. ucts. The part covered is included in percent of shipments of domestic pro This joint resolution has the full support Schedule 6-metals and metal prod ducers. In the case of all tubular prod of El Congreso and the organization will ucts-part 2-metals, their alloys, and ucts, imports were 20.5 percent of ship be lobbying for its passage. their basic shapes and forms. The ments of domestic producers. During the The Hispanic population of the United changes requested include revisions in period 1964 through 1974, imports of steel States is a complex mixture of races and the annotation and terminology and in tubular products increased from 789,697 cultures that are frequently separated so doing it is necessary ot make some tons to 1,894,524 tons and in dollar value from the mainstream culture by a lan adjustments in the rates of duty. by 559 percent. The peculiarities of the guage barrier. The Mexican-Americans This section of the current TSUSA current tariff schedule camouflages the of the Southwest are a mixture of In does not reflect the way industry meas types of tubular products being imported dian and Spanish heritage. The Puerto ures shipments of its product mix; and 1s known to result in misclassifica Ricans, Cuban-Americans, Dominicans, neither does it reflect the way the De tion of imported items. and other Carribbean groups are Afri partment of Commerce measures exports A good example of this misclassifica can, European, or a blend of both. Other of the product line; and, it is at variance tion problem came to my attention a few Latinos are usually a mixture of South with the basic nomenclature or product days ago. It involves stainless, heat-re American Indian cultures and European mix outlined in the BTN system used by sisting intermediate chromium alloy, and Latin ancestry. We frequently share most of the international trading other alloy tubing-all highly specialized many cultural attitudes and almost al nations. items. In 1975, there was a gross misclas- ways speak a variation of Spanish. As May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14695 a group we probably number 20 million the development and review of all rules, Special Assistant for Hispanic A1ralrs to the persons, that is if you include the nearly regulations, guidelines, and other man head of such department or agency. 12 million accounted for by the U.S. agement directives, to assure that the (b) The 011lce of Hispanic A1ratrs shall par 3.1 ticipate in all policy planning and develop Census Bureau estimates, the million laws, policies, and practices of the Fed ment for all programs within each of the living in the Commonwealth of Puerto eral Government are providing equal op Executive departments and agencies to in Rico, the 20 percent census undercount portunities for Hispanics in all areas, sure the consideration of factors impacting of urban dwelling Spanish origin per including education, health, housing and on the various Hispanic communities. The sons estimated by the U.S. Commission community development, economic de omce of Hispanic A1fa1rs shall ass1st in the on Civil Rights, and the several million velopment, grant and contract procure development and review of all rules, regula living in the country as illegal immi ment, and employment. tions, guidelines and other management di grants. This joint resolution will also require rectives, to assure that the laws, policies and The 1970 census social indicators show that the President establish regional practices of the Federal Government are pro viding equal opportunities for Hispanics in that as a group we are far behind the offices of Hispanic affairs in each of the all areas, including education, health, hous mainstream educationally and economi 10 Federal regional councils. ing, and community development, economic cally. In New York we have the lowest Finally, a special assistant to the development, grant and contract procure educational attainment levels, the lowest President for Hispanic affairs shall pro ment, and employment. The O!llce shall also family incomes, the largest families, ter vide the leadership and guidance to all seek out and develop new programs and re rible housing conditions, and little hope departments and agencies of the execu sources that may be necessary to handle for the future. A study done at my re tive branch to implement this joint reso problems and address the needs that are quest and available from the Bureau of lution. unique to Hispanics, and shall advise and assist Hispanic groups and individuals in Labor Statistics Department of Labor, The cosponsors of this legislation are receiving assistance avallable by law. Middle Atlantic Regional Office, en Representatives: BELLA S. ABzuG, AL SEc. 2. (a) The President shall also take titled A Socio-Economic Profile of Puerto PHONzo BELL, JAIME BENITEZ, GEORGE E. such measures as may be necessary to ensure Rican New Yorkers, documents the facts BROWN, JR., BOB CARR, SHIRLEY CHIS that the Chairpersons of the ten Federal Re I have stated. I believe this study can be HOLM, RON DELLUMS, DoN EDWARDS, JIM gional Councils (established pursuant to Ex duplicated in various barrios throughout LLOYD, NORMAN MINETA, GEORGE MILLER, ecutive Order Number 11647 of February 10, the country because we share similar RICHARD OTTINGER, EDWARD (NED) PAT 1972) shall each establish and maintain a problems and conditions. TISON, PATRICIA SCHROEDER, FORTNEY Regional Ofilce of Hispanic Affairs. The di (PETE) STARK, ALAN STEELMAN, CHARLES rectors of such Offices shall serve as Special Another study by the U.S. Commission Assistants for Hispanic Affairs to the Chair on Civil Rights documents the severe B. RANGEL, FREDERICK W. RICHMOND, person of the Federal Regional Council. The educational handicaps experienced by BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, ANTONIO BORJA Regional Offices of Hispanic Affairs shall ad Mexican-Americans in the Southwest. WON PAT, and ANDREW YOUNG. vtse all executive departments and agencies The Mexican-American Education Study If our Government does not move regarding the needs of Hispanics in the re which lasted 5 years, from 1969 to 1974, ahead with a firm commitment, the His gion. The Regional Offices shall advise and found that Mexican-American parents panic population may fall so far behind assist Hispanic groups and individuals in may expect as their children enter pub economically in the next decade that the receiving assistance and benefits available by trend may never be reversed. This reso law. lic schools in the Southwest: First, their SEc. 3. The Secretary of Commerce shall children will be isolated from Anglo chil lution is a matter of survival for all establish and maintain a Hispanic Informa dren; second, their language and culture American Hispanics. I hope that you will tion Clearinghouse which shall collect, an will be excluded; third, schools to which join us by supporting this joint resolu alyze and disseminate information concern their children are assigned will be un tion. The text follows: ing the social, economic, employment, health derfinanced; fourth, teachers will treat H.J. REs. 959 and housing needs and conditions of their children less favorably than Anglo Joint resolution to pay tribute to the contri Hispanics. pupils; and fifth, 40 percent of their butions of Hispanics, to establish an omce SEc. 4. The Special Assistant to the Presi children will drop out of school before of Hispanic Affairs in the various executive dent for Hispanic Affairs shall provide leader agencies, and for other purposes ship and guidance to all departments and graduation and those who remain will agencies of the Executive Branch in imple achieve less well than their Anglo class Whereas Hispanics, people of Mexican menting this joint resolution. Each depart mates. American, Puerto Rican, Cuban-American, ment and agency shall issue appropriate We are the most disadvantaged com and other Spanish-origin Americans, have guidelines to further the purposes of this munity primarily because of the lan been involved in the development of the joint resolution. The head of each Executive Western Hemisphere, and our country's His department and agency 1s directed to coop guage barrier, and we are losing ground. panic heritage reaches back more than four There are several other reasons why we erate fully in assuring equal opportunity to centuries; and Hispanic Americans. are falling further behind economically, Whereas Hispanics have served the cause but one of the major obstacles is that of democracy since before the Revolutionary War and have Congressional Medal of Honor the language and cultural barriers be TOM IORIO-WINNER OF McCOR tween provider and client are too great, recipients far in excess of their representa tion in the population; and MACK AWARD OF EXCELLENCE and well-intended Government services Whereas the Hispanic contribution has HAS OUTSTANDING RECORD OF and programs are not reaching us. There been a consistent and vital infiuence in our PUBLIC SERVICE are not enough Hispanics giving input country's cultural growth; and into the decisionmaking levels of the Whereas almost 20 million Americans of Federal bureaucracy. For example, as we Hispanic ancestry, today add meaningfully HON. JOE L. EVINS know, there are only seven Hispanic to our national diversity, enriching the qual OF TENNESSEE ity of our daily lives; and Members of Congress. And there is no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hispanic interest lobbying organization Whereas, despite their early arrival to these shores, Hispanics continue to be the most Tuesday, May 11, 1976 to monitor the agencies. disadvantaged in the areas of education, This joint resolution we introduce to health, housing, employment, and economic Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, day will end the lack of Hispanic input development; and I want to take this means of paying a in Federal agencies. This measure is not Whereas the Government of the United brief but sincere tribute to my friend meant to give favored treatment to any States for years has recognized that Hispanics Tom Iorio--a member of the House statf group or eliminate input from various have not received the full benefit of its pro for 31 years and who recently received grams neither as participants nor as em other disadvantaged groups. We propose ployees: Now, therefore, be it the John W. McCormack Award of that this program will work with the Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep Excellence. other affirmative action programs, like resentatives of the United States of America Tom, as we all know, is the able, genial, the Women's Bureau and EEO efforts. in Congress assembled, That (a) the Presi personable, and helpful pair clerk to the Hispanics need this program because the dent shall Within 120 days of the date of the majority office of the Sergeant at Arms. gap between our community and the enactment of this joint resolution take such He has always been most helpful and co- mainstream is continuing to widen. measures as may be necessary to insure that operative in his service to the Members. the head of each Executive department and This new program will require that agency w1ll establlsh and maintain an Office Tom is knowledgeable, informed, and each executive department and agency Of Hispanic A1rairs. The Director Of this Ofilce, is constantly abreast of legislation and establish and maintain an office of His who shall be appointed by the head of such events transpiring in the House. panic affairs. This offi.ce will assist in department or agency, shall also serve as However, his importance to the House 14696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 transcends his official duties related di grown from 1,700 to about 6,000 students; and often spoke favorably of it, said Dr. rectly to his position-Tom is known for its budget from $700,000 to $8 million; the Michael R. Winston, director of the Moor worth of its physical plant, from $3 million land Spinga.rn Research Center, which his dedication, his loyalty to friends, and to $34 million with the addition of 18 major sponsored yesterday's tribute. Many of the for the strong relationships he enjoys on buildings. All departments were fully ac attacks on Johnson, however, were manu both sides of the aisle. credited, some were granting doctorates, a.nd factured by his enemies within the uni Tom has received many tributes and federal funding for Howard ha.d become versity, or were the reaction of conservative I predict that many more honors will be guaranteed under law. Members of Congress who felt the blacks on accorded him-he is truly an outstand To mark the 50th anniversary of Dr. John the Howard campus did not know their place. ing public servant-he helps make the son's "election" a.s president of Howard, some In 1933, for example, the communism wheels of Government go around in the long-time colleagues a.nd friends, as well a.s charges coincided with protests on the some younger members of the community in campus inspired by the trials of the Scotts House. terested in maintaining its traditions, got boro Boys, nine black teenagers sentenced to I am pleased to commend and con together yesterday in Rankin Memorial death in Alabama for the alleged rape of gratulate Tom most highly and wish Chapel. two white women of questionable reputation. him the very best of good luck and con Dr. Benjamin Mays, 82, retired president of In addition, several hundred Howard stu tinued success. Morehouse College--Johnson's alma. mater dents demonstrated against wa.r a.nd fascism when it was known as Atlanta. Baptist Col a.nd the university held a. colloquium on the lege-was there, a.nd Dr. James M. Na.brit, economic condition of blacks. A TRmUTE TO MORDECAI WYATT Johnson's immediate successor, a.nd Dr. The Congressional attacks brought a. swift JOHNSON James Cheek, the current Howard president. response from Mordecai Johnson. In "Simple Mordecai Johnson wa.s there too, to hear Justice," Kluger writes: "If obtaining annual himself praised, a.t 86 his speech impaired funds from Congress meant that his uni HON. ANDREW YOUN'G and his brilliant mind clouded by age. versity had to give up a.ny degree of its In the last decade, Johnson ha.s faded from OF GEORGIA academic freedom, declared the Baptist min the local scene, but for a few years after his ister-turned-educator, why, then Howard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES retirement from Howard he was a controver University would not accept a.ny appropria Wednesday, May 19, 1976 sial figure, a. gadfly on the District school tion a.t all and the students a.nd the faculty board, which a.t the time was appointed by might as well a.ll pack up a.nd 'go back to Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, the judges of the U.S. District court who the cornfield.' Finally, black America had an this year represents a special anniver maintained on it a five white, four black educator who not only did not need to bow sary in the history of Howard Univer ratio. Johnson a.nd Dr. Euphemia L. Haynes, and scrape before white benefactors but sity-the 50th anniversary of the ap also in her 70s, became the two radicals on quite plainly would not have dreamed of pointment of Mordecai Wyatt Johnson the board. doing so." as its president. From 1926 until his re They kept up a drumbeat of criticism, In 1938, in his bacca.l:a.urea.te address, charging that the track system of student Johnson clearly focused on what is now tirement 1n 1960, Dr. Johnson served as grouping was prejudicial to blacks, that Howard's dynamic, often controversial known as the "Third World" nations: "More schools in black neighborhoods get le& than six hundred million people of China., leader, developing the school from a money, that politics played a big part in India a.nd Africa. for ages have been pawns small, poorly financed, largely unac teacher appointments a.nd that blacks were of the economically industrialized nations of credited institution into an academically not represented adequately in administrative the world. We must seek a world in which the renowned university. positions. security shared by a. small percentage of the As a student at Howard during Dr. After four years of this, the judges sum people will be shared by all." marily dropped Johnson in 1965, refusing to During World War n, Winston noted, there Johnson's tenure, I benefited from his name him to a. second term despite wide courage and wisdom. His outspokenness was intense pressure for a moratorium on community support. Within two years, John any criticism of American social injustice and his ability to conceive and consider son had the satisfaction of seeing many of or the issue of colonta.llsm in order to a.id new ideas were models for us all. his points supported in the decision of U.S. the allied effort. But Johnson's voice could On May 6 the Washington Star pub Appeals Court Judge J. Skelly Wright, re not be stilled. In a speech in November, 1942, lished an excellent article on Dr. John sulting from the suit brought against the he said Nazi Germany ha.d stated the doc son's remarkable career and his contri system by Julius W. Hobson, now a city trine of a "superior race in its boldest and butions to Howard, to the District of Co council member. Wright barred the track most repulsive form," but "we must not system and found that predomina.ntly white forget that the outstandingly overt exem lumbia, and to minority group members schools had been favored, black schools and the poor throughout the Nation. I plifications of that doctrine in the actual shortchanged. organization of mankind are on our side, am pleased to bring this article to the Throughout his career at Howard, Johnson in the British, French, Dutch, Belgi:a.n and attention of my colleagues. was a prominent loca.l and national figure, in South African subordination of colonial The article follows: the habit of making waves. As Richard peoples." WHAT AN IMPACT ONE MAN MADE lN 50 YEARS Kluger wrote in his monumental book, "Sim In the 1950s, the era. of Cold War fervor (By John Mathews) ple Justice," which chronicles the legal ef a.nd McCarthy paranoia. on college campuses, fort-much of it centered at the Howard There was an imperious quality about as Howard University-trained lawyers were University Law School (the "West Point of leading the civil rights battle in the courts, him: erect posture, rimless glasses, stylized the Civil Rights Movement")-to overturn gestures, a booming voice, a.nd what Johnson spoke out for what is now called school segregation laws, Johnson was a black "detente." In 1951, he wrote "if we persist amounted to semi-formal a.tttre--da.rk ma.n who was unaccustomed to "eating hum jacket, striped pants and tie, a.lwa.ys a. vest, in believing that there is no good in Russia ble pie before Congressmen and other white and in communism, then by our very thought and a homburg when outdoors. warhorses. In fact, he seemed to make a point Critics called him despot and dictator; we have closed a.ll pathways of peace except of delivering a.t least one pugnacious speech by the defeat of our enemy in wa.r, and we when they really got desperate, communist a year noting how little America was doing sympathizer. a.re moving toward that war with relentless to improve the lot of its deprived masses- force which cannot be avoided." But, from 1926 to 1960-34 years-Mor words that generally brought one more Dixie decal Wyatt Johnson prevailed. He wa.s How In a. particularly prophetic 1952 speech, crat or conservative congressman howling to Johnson anticipated America's impending ard University's first black president a.nd its his feet to demand the ouster of Mordecai great developer, enricher a.nd preserver. problems in Southeast Asia. When the 36-year old pastor of the First Johnson." "Suppose you were Indo-Chinese. Wouldn't Baptist Church in Charleston, W. Va.., was Early in his tenure, Johnson was under you be amazed a.t us? For more than 100 named president a. half century ago, Howard strong attack from factions inside Howard years the French have been in Indo-China, wa.s little more than a group of unaccredited that resented the outsider and his tactics. dominating the Indo-Chinese people politi academic departments surrounding a dental, It was in the early 1980s, when Johnson wa.s cally, strangling them economically, a.nd medical and la.w school. Its finances de reorganizing university departments, buying humiliating them in the land of their pended on the whim of Congress, some of up land and getting New Deal money to bulld fathers. badly needed fac111t1es. whose members were frankly hostile to How "We have never sat down with the French ard's purpose. A 1931 article in The Evening Star, detail and demanded that they change that sys In 1867 Gen. Ollver 0. Howard (who was ing a campaign to oust Johnson, said par tem. And in this defect in our leadership, devoted to Improving the education of blacks ticular acts were not the Issue, but rather Indo-Chinese have turned to the Commu and poor whites, but relentlessly fought In h1s "outspoken opinions which have been nists, and the Communists have given them di:a.ns, including Chief Joseph and the Nez considered radical," his reputed effort to leaders, trained their troops, and given them Perce) founded the institution with an open terminate military reserve training on cam money. Now that It looks as though they a.dmissions policy. Allowing both blacks and pus, and his writings, which some sa.y "indi ca.n win, we rush up to the scene a.nd say, whites of both sexes to go to school together cate Dr. Johnson has communistic leanings." 'Dear brothers, what on earth are you all was a novel concept in the 19th century, as Like many Ulberals in the 1930s, Johnson getting ready to do? Are you going to throw well as more than half a. century later. wa.s impressed by the Sovolet experiment to yourselves into the hands of this d.la.bolical. When Johnson left in 1960, Howard had deal w1th pover.ty a.nd other social problems conspiracy under the false notion they can May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14697 bring you freedom? Why, they aren't free; asking the House Government Operations physically disabled, because of such dis we are the free people of the world, we have Committee to pursue this matter, but wish abilities. democratic institutions, we are your friends, to give you the opportunity to furnish a The theme for National Handicapped we wlll send you leaders, we wll1 send you satisfactory explanation and take the imme Week, "Independence Through Aware ammunition, we will send you bread." diate appropriate action. "And they look at us in amazement and I would appreciate your earliest possible ness," is particularly appropriate con they say, 'Brother, where have you been all reply. sidering the damage resulting fro~ the these years.' " Best regards lack of awareness, on the part of the Dr. Winston, a Howard graduate (doctorate EDWABD MEzvlNSKY. American public, of the abilities and ac from University of California) has dug up complishments of disabled persons. Di a chapter on Johnson from a 1944 boOk on CoNGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, verse and valuable contributions have leading black figures, written by Edwin R. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, been made by handicapped persons in all Embree, a white man who headed the Julius Washington, D.C., May 18, 1916. areas of our society. It is my hope that, Rosenwald Fund, a foundation. Hon. DONALD RUMSFELD, The sketch recalls that Johnson, who through greater awareness, an increas Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense, ing number of disabled persons will be always referred to the South as the "former The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. slave states," had a living connection with DEAR MR. SECRETARY: On March 29th, I di· able to enrich their lives further for slavery. His father, Wyatt Johnson, had been rected a letter to you concemlng former their own benefit and for the benefit of a slave. The elder Johnson was a stern, ex Army Secretary Callaway's intervention 1n all Americans. acting preacher and also the operator of a the promotion of LTC Wilfred L. Ebel. No re stationary engine in a mill in Paris, Tenn. sponse or acknowledgement has been re By contrast, his mother, 30 years younger, ceived. lavished love and affection on their only It is my understanding that your General VIVIAN TYRA-OUR SUPER MOM child and imbued him with a love of books Counsel, Richard Wiley, is stlll awaiting an and education. Embree writes: Army decision on the matter. Personally, I "She read him poems and Bible stories: of find this delay inexcusable. Furthermore, it HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN David, the shepherd boy who killed a giant only serves to underscore an issue central to OF MARYLAND with a sling shot, became king of all Israel this case--how much longer will DOD permit and loved the beauteous Bathsheba; of these allegations to go unanswered? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Daniel, whose faith stood off all dangers ... I would expect that you w1ll give your Wednesday, May 19, 1976 Most often she told him the story of Mor immediate attention to this matter. decai (for whom he was named), member Sincerely, Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker I rise of a race despised and enslaved by the Medes EDWABD MEZVINSKY. to give special recognition to Mrs.'Vivian and the Persians (as Negroes had been in Tyra of Bowie, Maryland, for her 12 America) , who by his cleverness and the years of service and outstanding dedica charm of his beautiful niece, Queen Esther, slew his enemies and raised his own people NATIONAL HANDICAPPED WEEK tion to the sons and daughters of count to leadership in this mighty kingdom .•." less of her friends and neighbors. There are few who have given more to HON. BELLA S. ABZUG the children of the community than OF NEW YORK Vivian Tyra. She has actively helped the ARMY RESPONSIVENESS pom pom girls in Bowie High School, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES though she has no daughter of her own. HON. EDWARD MEZVINSKY Wednesday, May 19, 1976 She has supported with dedicated en Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, this week thusiasm the various teen clubs and has OF IOWA is National Handicapped Week. We been a dependable chauffeur and spirited IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should all take this opportunity to fa fan for the athletic events sponsored by Wednesday, May 19, 1976 miliarize ourselves with the problems that the Boys and Girls Club. But most mem orably, Mrs. Tyra has given willingly and Mr. MEZVINSKY. Mr. Speaker, for the our Nation's handicapped face and to apply ourselves to the alleviation and lovingly of her time and energy to Cub past months, I have been working to un elimination of these problems. Scout Pack 1281. She has been the co ravel fact from allegation in the blocked I have worked in the past, and will ordinating force for this group. Even promotion of an Army Reserve lieutenant continue to work, to assist handicapped after the graduation of her three sons, colonel. I enclose for the RECORD two re persons in overcoming these problems. I ages 15 to 21, Mrs. Tyra stayed on to cent letters on the matter that illustrate was proud to cosponsor in the Commit insure that others would have the same the difficulty in eliciting timely responses tee on Public Works and Transportation, opportunities that had been available to from DOD: House Concurrent Resolution 385, to her own children. As the cubs graduated CoNGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, promote and encourage the removal of from the pack, taking with them their HouSE oF R.EPBESENTATIVES, parents who had served as den mothers Washington, D.C., March 29, 1916. architectural barriers to the access of handicapped persons to public facilities and cub masters, Vivian Tyra remained Hon. DONALD RUMSFELD, recruiting replacements when none wer~ Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense. and buildings. The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. In 1974 I sponsored an amendment to readily available. She filled in as den DEAR MR. SECBETABY: A series of news re the Federal Mass Urban Transportation mother and, on occasion, acted as the ports have called into question the actions of Act of 1972. This bill established a pro pack's cub master. former Secretary of the Army Howard Calla gram for the building of mobile systems For the past 8 years, she has personally way regarding the promotion of LTC Wilfred for the disabled in areas where public enrolled each new boy to extend to all a L. Ebel. transportation was insufficient or inap feeling of welcome and importance. She As you may know, it is alleged that, sub offers assurance that each of them will sequent to President Ford's endorsement of propriate to the special needs of han LTC Ebel's nomination for promotion to dicapped persons. I took great pride in be accepted into the pack and that the colonel on January 14, 1975, former Secre obtaining $20 million for this program necessary adult participants will be se tary Callaway lllegally ordered his name de in 1975, and the program will be allo cured to assure this. She vows that no leted from that document. Allegations cated a similar amount in 1976. This will boy will be deprived of membership nor abound that this came as the result of an continue to enable handicapped persons deprived of the character-building boy lntemal political struggle between Maj. Gen. hood experiences scouting offers. Mrs. Milnor Roberts and LTC Ebel, following to get to their doctors and to activities which will enrich their lives and the Tyra has given much love to the boys of closely on the heels of Ebel's critical evalua Bowie and is well-loved by them in tion of Roberts' management abilities and a lives of those around them. heated struggle for the position of executive Many persons are unaware of the abili return. director o! the Reserve Officers' Association. ties of disabled persons. This has made Mr. Speaker, I have been asked to ex I am concerned about the charges that the it very difficult for handicapped persons tend the heartfelt appreciation of the former Secretary tampered with nominations to obtain employment in positions which other adult participants, all of whom that only the President could withdraw or they are qualified to fulfill. I have co- have benefited from their association the Congress disapprove. If this Is the case, with Mrs. Tyra. To them she was "al it would be an abuse of the power of the sponsored H.R. 7754, a bill to amend the omce of Secretary of the Arm.y. Civil Rights Act of 1964, making it an ways there," ready with advice, support, Reports on non·s explana.tion of the situa unlawful employment practice to dis encouragement and enthusiasm. assist tion are contradictory and disturbing. I am criminate against individuals who are ing them in their often difficult jobs. 14698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 And also, Mr. Speaker, I extend to Maryland's support !or the amendment of that $250 million will be eliminated from Mrs. Tyra on behalf of all the boys and fered by Congressman Breaux to the cap the present outlays for older Americans' tioned bill. This amendment would limit the health benefits-at a time when health girls who have known and loved her, scope of Section 404 of the 1972 Federal their own special and rmique tribute: Water Pollution Control Act Amendments to costs are escalating at a much faster pace "We love you and will always remember its original intended meaning. than any other consumer expenditure. our 'Super Mom'." The history of Section 404 clearly indicates This leaves us, in the Health Subcom The Tyras are leaving Bowie to live in that it was designed to control the uncon mittee of the Ways and Means Commit New Jersey. They will be missed! fined deposition of dredged spoil into tradi tee, with our hands tied in the attempt to tional navigable waters. The passage o! this improve even the most urgent areas of section was not an attempt to promulgate need within medicare. One of these is the a wetlands program under the Army Corps problem of long-tenn hospitalization for of Engineers jurisdiction. For this reason we STATE OF MARYLAND SUPPORTS strongly support the language in the Breaux those with acute terminal illnesses. There BREAUX AMENDMENT amendment which returns the definition of is no possible way that this, or any of the navigable waters to the traditional standards other immediate problems, can be re HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN imposed by the U.S. Supreme Court since solved within these budget restrictions. 1940. In fact, current benefits would actually OF MARYLAND Our support, however, should not be inter have to be reduced in order to meet the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preted as an anti-wetland or anti-conserva imposition of this cut. tionist action, for since 1970, Maryland has Wednesday, May 19, 1976 recognized the need to identify and regulate Wi'th all the possibilities that exist to Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, thousands activities affecting these vital components ot cut waste from our budget, I find it hard of Americans recently involved them the marine ecosystem. The Corps of Engineers to believe that the Budget Committee selves in projects and celebrations to program, instead of acting to supplement members can actually consider minimal commemorate National Wildlife Week, what Maryland and other states have accom health care for senior citizens as one of plished through the expenditure of millions them. March 14-20. The main theme of this of dollars, sets out on its own and imposes year's activities has been that of one of broad unenforceable prohibitions which may my most prominent causes, "Save Our or may not accomplish the safeguards of our Wetlands." Last year I introduced legis wetland areas. For these reasons we would HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH KOREA lation, the substance of which is iden support new Federal legislation which would tical to an amendment to the Federal create a program protecting wetlands areas, while a.t the same time recognizing effective HON. DONALD M. FRASER Water Pollution Control Act which nas existing, state efforts which handle these OF MINNESOTA just been reported by the House Public problems. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Works and Transportation Committee. Certification of state programs which meet Introduced by our friend and col a uniform standard is an essential element Wednesday, May 19, 1976 . league, JOHN BREAUX Of Louisiana, this in a wetlands protection program. In addi Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the House amendment would reverse a decision by tion, the law should require an adequate is about to consider H.R. 13680, the In a Federal District Court which ruled identification of property classified as wet ternational Security Assistance and Arms that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lands to provide adequate public notice. Due process requirements also necessitate ade Export Control Act of 1976. has jurisdiction not only over "navige,ble quate public disclosure, hearings, penalties On April 8, 1976, I testified before the waters" as traditionally defined but well and enforcement mechanisms, and the a.b111ty Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee beyond, including farmers' ditching, to appeal the decision-making process. on Foreign Assistance. In my testimony drainage and conservation projects. The The Army Corps of Engineers 404 regula I outlined briefly the background of hu regulations issued by the Corps pursuant tions do not evolve from a. comprehensive man rights problems in South Korea and to this new power are scheduled to take wetland or marshland protection statute, but gave my views concerning our involve effect over the next few years. have been generated by a. misinterpretation of a section of 92-500 which was designed to ment in Korea. We have been working for over a year deal solely with the deposition of dredge spoil My conclusion that both in words and to cut back this wide power, and the into interstate waterways. There is essen deeds the executive branch has shown Breaux amendment is an excellent way tially no enforcement mechanism contained little evidence of concern for human to do just that. It restores the power of within the Army Corps of Engineers regula rights in South Korea remains valid. the Corps to its traditional level-over tions. That is why it is important to accept the navigable waterways used for the trans The absurdity of the Corps' effort has re aid "caps" voted by the International portation of interstate and foreign com cently reached the point that there is some Relations Committee and contained in merce. evidence that the Corps seeks to require a Section 404 permit for clamming and oyster H.R. 13680. These limit security assist What the Breaux amendment will not ing activities. It is imperative under these ance in fiscal years 1976 and 1977 to the do, as some critics charge, is to destroy circumstances that the Breaux amendment 1975 level and also continue the title I, our wetlands. Their removal from the be supported as a. threshold step in bringing Public Law 480 ceiling at the 1975 level. jurisdiction of the Corps does not leave the obvious intent o! Section 404 back to its My statement follows: them without protection, for there is al intended purpose. STATEMENT OF DONALD M. FRASER BEFORE THE ready an ample body of both Federal and We thank you for your anticipated cooper HUMPHREY SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN As State legislation to preserve wetlands, ation. Sincerely yours, SXSTANCE OF THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS and the wildlife which depends on them. COMMITTEE, APRIL 8, 1976 JAMES B. CoULTER. This assurance is backed up by many Mr. Chairman, I appreciate having the op conservation-minded agencies and portunity of appearing before the Subcom groups, not the least of which is the mittee on Foreign Assistance to discuss a Department of Natural Resources of my MINIMAL HEALTH CARE FOR subject of vital importance-the future di own State of Maryland. I recently re rection of US foreign policy towards the Re SENIOR CITIZENS public of Korea. Both this subcommittee and ceived a letter from the Honorable James the House Committee on International Rela B. Coulter, Secretary of the Department HON. MARTHA KEYS tions are in the process of considering the of Natural Resources, to this effect. M a fiscal 1977 Security Assistance request by the lucid analysis and statement of policy, I OF KANSAS Executive Branch. It is timely, therefore, to thought it would be worthwhile to bring IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES consider whether the existing relationship it to the attention of my colleagues, and Wednesday, May 19, 1976 between the United States and the Republlc I hereby submit it for the RECORD. I also of Korea is in our best interest. hope that it will help to see the Breaux Ms. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, I question In 1974, the Subcommittee on Interna amendment on to a swift and final pas many of the priorities included in this tional Orga.niza. tions, which I chair, became conference budget resolution. One glar interested in the Korean situation through sage. a general concern with raising the priority The article follows: ing change for the worse in the confer given to human rights in US foreign policy. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, STATE OF ence report is the slashing of $450 million It is my belief that how a. government treats MARYLAND from the medicare budget of the House its own people should be a principal factor DEAR CONGRESSMAN BAUMAN: We are tak budget resolution. in determining the nature of the relation ing this opportunity to indicate the Sta.te o! This cut leaves us with the assumption ship which the United States maintains with May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14699 that government. Normal diplomatic rela tained by the KCIA have been tortured or grant Inilitary assistance to all countries be tions should be maintained with all govern otherwise mistreated. The press has been discontinued within the next year. The vari ments. However. the United States should stified; trade unions are denied the right to ous forms of security assistance combined not maintain a supportive relationship with strike; the opposition party is decimated is increasing from $202.7 million, in Fiscal a government which oppresses its own peo through harassment and indictments; and 1976 to $286 million in Fiscal 1977. an in ple. Mllitary assistance should not be pro· religious leaders are arrested for their advo crease of about $83 million. vided to such governments unless there are cacy of human rights. One must regretfully conclude, therefore. extraordinary circumstances necessitating Moreover, testimony before my subcom that in both words and deeds the Execu such assistance. Inittee has indicated that the KOIA has tive Branch has shown little evidence of The above views are not simply my own. been using some of its strong-arm tactics concern for human rights. Congress has expressed these views and within the United States. We understand KOREA AND U.S. NATIONAL SECUlU'l'Y written them into the Foreign Assistance Act. that such tactics have included harassment I would like to turn now to the second I am referring to Section 502B of that act of Korean-Americans who are critical of consideration which is important in evaluat which has been significantly strengthened in President Park; covert funding of pro-Park ing the effectiveness of our relationship with the Fiscal 1976 Security Assistance Bill. communications media; manipulation of ac South Korea-namely, to wha-t extent is our HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH KOREA tivities and elections of Korean residents relationship helpful to advancing U.S. na I would like to begin by describing some associations; and offers of money to candi tional security. In this regard, I would like of the legal measures President Park has dates for public office in the United States. to discuss in particular the presence of our taken to suppress all forms of opposition. In American Inilltary support for the Repub troops in South Korea. Leaving aside the 1972 the Constitution was amended by a ref lic of Korea has three forms. The United human rights dimension, one must ask erendu m ca.rried out under martial law with States provides significant amounts of mili whether these troops are necessary for the debate on the amendments barred. The ef tary assistance to Korea: for 1977 the Ad defense of South Korea against a North fect of the amendments is to place all ef ministration has requested $275,000,000 in Korean attack? fect ive power in the office of the President. foreign m111tary credit sales; $8,300,000 in To answer this question requires a com One-third of t he membership of the National grant military assistance; and $2,700,000 in parison of the relative military strengths of Assembly is nominated by the President and military education and training. There are North and South Korea. In ground troops elected by the National Conference for Uni presently stationed in South Korea approxi the South has about 625,000 while the North fication which is, itself, popularly elected; mately 42,000 troops. Finally, we have a has only 467,000. South Korea has 3,128,000 consequent ly, the President's control of the mutual defense treaty with South Korea in reserve forces and civilian militia; North Assembly is virtually ensured. Under the which obliges us to come to their defense Korea has only 1,600,000. It should be noted new Constitution the President is granted 1n accordance with our Constitutional that South Korea's population is more than wide authority to enact emergency measures processes. twice that of North Korea. for national security, public safety or other HUMAN RIGHTS AND U.S. POLICY In terms of aircraft the North has 597 reasons. These measures are not subject to I would suggest that we look at our rela planes while the South has only 210 aircraft. judicial review. tionship with South Korea from two points However, many of the North Korean aircraft In 1974 the President issued a series of of view. First in terms of the U.S. impact are old model MIG's which are no match for emergency measures: up t o 15 years impris upon the human rights situation in South the F-4 and F-5-E's. Moreover, in October of onment for advocating amendment of the Korea; secondly. 1n terms of our own na 1975 the Department of Defense announced Constitution; creation of courts martial to tional security interest. plans to sell $383 million worth of aircraft to try political offenses; punis>hment by death. The NiXon-Ford Administration has done South Korea. During the period of fiscal years life imprisonment or no less than 5 years little with respect to the increasingly repres 1975 through 1977, South Korea will be pur imprisonment for any student who engages sive nature of the Park regime. The Admin chasing 19 F4E's, 13 F5B's. 54 F5E's and 6 in political activity. any person who defames istration has llmlted itself to making private F5F's. Consequently, South Korea will soon actions by the Education Mlnister. refuses diplomatic representations to the Govern have an airforce at least equal to that of to attend classes or examinations. or com ment of South Korea expressing concern North Korea. mun icates with a member of the National about the deprivation of human rights. Oc The Executive Branch no longer argues Federation of Democratic Youth. In 1974 t he casionally, mlld public statements have also that US ground forces are required in South Department of State concluded that "For the been expressed. Most of these expressions of Korea for military purposes. In the spring of past two years the trend in Korea. has been concern, however, are not given as concerns 1975 Secretary Schlesinger stated that "we toward an authoritarian government. Insti of the Executive Branch, but r&ther as con are no longer offering a milita-ry rationale tutional means of dissent have been rendered cerns of Congress or the American public. It for the presence of the 2nd Division ... our powerless and efforts to express opposition is said that if the situation is not improved forces are there to contribute to stability on have been suppressed through a series of upon, the Congress may act negatively to the Korean peninsula and in the area . . . " severe emergency decrees.t wards Korea. The implication behind such Even President Park has indicated that our Under the 1974 emergency decrees more expressions of concern is that the Executive troops could be withdrawn by 1980. He said than 1,000 people were detained for inves Branch, itself, will not initiate any action that if the Soviet Union or China. were not tigation; 203 persons were tried and con to reduce the U.S. cominitment to South engaged in the confiict, South Korea would victed. By February 1975 the Presidenrt had Korea because of its human rights perform not need US ground, air. naval or even logis pardoned all but 35 persons who were ex ance. tic support. Under the present circumstances. empted because they had violated other laws. The failure of the Administration to speak neither the Soviet Union or China favor the On April 9, 1975 eight of the remaining pris more forcefully is especially disturbing be outbreak of war on the Korean peninsula. oners were executed; serious doubts have cause at the outset of U.S. aid policy to Thus, in strictly mllitary terms the pres been raised regarding their guilt. South Korea many years ago Secretary of ence of our troops in South Korea are un In March 1975 the Assembly adopted an State Dean Acheson said " ... that U.S. aid, necessary. Moreover. their presence poses a anti-slander law restricting freedom of both military and economic, to the Republic serious risk for US national security. speech for Koreans while abroad or in deal of Korea has been predicated upon the exist Should a confilct break out on the penin ings with foreigners while in Korea. Persons ence and growth of democratic institutions sula, our military forces would iinmediately convioted of violating the decree may re within the Republic". The desire of many be engaged in the conflict regardless of the ceive up to 7 years imprisonment. In May Members of Congress for a more forthright wishes of the Congress or the American pub President Park issued emergency decree No. Administration policy was clearly expressed lic. What would be the response of the 9 which prohibits "fabricating or disseminat last week by 119 Members of Congress who American public? Unless in the unlikely ing false facts" and the advocacy of any called upon the President to publicly disas event China or the Soviet Union was provid change in the Constitution. This decree also sociate the United States from President ing military forces in support of North applies to the press which has been severely Park's oppressive tactics. I would like to re Korea., it is unlikely that the American public suppressed in South Korea. Under this decree quest that their letter be made part of the would favor another Vietnam-type cominit persons may be detained indefinitely and re record. ment by US forces. The repressive nature of ceive no less than 1 year imprisonment. It is The human rights situation in South the Park regime would receive considerable under this decree that Kim Dae Jung and 17 Korea appears to have little effect on the public notice analogous to the attention other persons have been indicted. Executive Branch•s request !or security as given to the political prisoners under the In short, freedom is virtually dead in South sistance. Por Fiscal 1977, Inilitary sales cred Thleu government of Vietnam. Given ths.t it is more than doubled. It is proposed to presumption. what would be the fate of our Korea. The Korean Central Intelligence forces in Korea? There might be no other Agency (KCIA) intimidates anyone suspected increase the sum of $126 million for fiscal of dissident views. Many of the persons de- year 1976 to $275 mllilon for Fiscal year course but for them to withdraw under fire 1977. Grant military assistance would be which would seriously undermine the South decreased from $74 million in Fiscal 1976 Koreans' defense capability at the most 1 Fiscal Year 1975 Foreign Assistance Re to $8,300,000 for Fiscal 1977. However. the critical hour. Our credibility with Japan and quest, Hearings before the Committee on reduction 1n grant assistance cannot be in other friendly countries in Asia would be Foreign A1fa1rs, House of Representatives. terpreted as a response to the human rights da.ngerously weakened. 93rd Congress, 2d Session. (June-July. 1974), situation in South Korea, but rather as im My conclusion with respect to our military pp. 287-289. plementing the Congressional mandate that presence in South Korea. 1s that these troops 14700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 should be gradually withMay 7 about how the in ly standing between us and the Russian 2. regarding security assistance- trusion of Communist-flag shipping Js fighting men, sowing the seeds of distrust. a. for fiscal year 1977: elimination of all threatening the existence of all free In my opinion, east-west trade is "quick grant assistance and reduction of FMS credit world shipping. sand" and the celebrated grain deals only to the level of all forms of security assistance a useful expedience in the fiction of detente. for fiscal year 1976; I think Captain Clark's views are most Just as soon as our economy adjusts to b. for future years, future reduction or noteworthy and informative, and I in long-term, regular grain sales to the Com elimination of FMS credit unless improve sert them at this point in the RECORD munists, they can easily divert purchases to ment in human rights is forthcoming. so all of my colleagues w1ll have the other sources of supply at their whim-with 3. More forceful private and public repre benefit of his knowledgeable observa conequent further divisiveness among the sentations by a.nd on behalf of the Executive tions: western nations. Let us not forget the cold, Branch regarding human rights with notice calculated threat enunciated by Khruschev given of the adverse consequences which dep THE MENACE OF COMMUNIST SEAPOWER AS IT AFFECTS OUR MARITIME STATUs--TODAY when he stated that it was the objective of rivations of human rights will have on the USSR to "bury" the capitalist countries security assistance and other bilateral pro AND TOMORROW through economic warfare. We have also the grams. President Ford should publicly de (By Capt. J. W. Clark) dramatic warning by Russian Nobel prize nounce President Park's recent wave of It has been my privilege to participate winner Alexander Solzhenltsyn, when he political arrests. several times on this program during the stated: years that Tulane University has sponsored "Something which is almost incomprehen the institute on foreign transportation and sible to the human mind is the West's fantas port operations. It is particularly appropriate tic greed for profit and gain, which goes be CAMEROONIANS CELEBRATE NA that this final session should deal with the yond all reason, all limitations, all consci TIONAL HOLIDAY subject of "Our Maritime Status--Today and ence. I have to admit that Lenin foretold this Tomorrow." My distinguished friends appear whole process. Lenin, who spent most of his ing with me on this panel have spent their life 1n the West and knew it much better HON. CARDISS COLUNS lifetimes in dealing with the U.S. maritime than Russia, always said that the Western industry. Their collective knowledge and capitallsts would do anything to supply the OJ' n.LINOIS competence assures a good balance, permit Soviet economy-'they will fight with each IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ting me to concentrate on one subject which other to sell us goods cheaper and sell them Wednesday, May 19, 1976 I consider to be of the utmost importance to quicker so that we'll buy from one rather our maritime industry-the growing men than the other.' " Mrs. COLLINS of IDinois. Mr. Speak ace of communist seapower. The FBI is very much concerned about the er, I call the attention of my colleagues In this Bicentennial Year it 1s well to re rising number of foreign agents in this coun to an important date for the United Re call that the right to trade freely with all try, and FBI Director, Clarence M. Kelley, re public of Cameroon. Tomorrow, May 20 nations was one of the principal causes of cently testified before the congress that marks the fourth celebration of that the American Revolution. Foreign trade is "the intensity of the operations against us not only an American tradition, it is now an may be gauged by the steady increase of country's constitution. Located on the American necessity-as we are largely de intelligence officers assigned to the United "hinge" of Africa, Cameroon is in the pendent on overseas sources of supply for States." (U.S. News & World Report, Feb. 23, western part of the continent on the many of our critical raw materials. Our ex 1976) Gulf of Guinea. Primarily an agricul ports are vital to our national economy, and It 1s reported that the number of spies tural country, it has well over 80 per last year we exported more than 100 billion from Communist countries operating in the cent of the labor force employed on the dollars to foreign countries. Each one btl u.s. has increased by about 75% during the land with cash crops accounting for lion dollars tn exports is estimated to pro past five years. These spies pose as diplomats, vide approximately forty thousand jobs for scientists, members of trade missions, cul about 75 percent of the country's export Americans. Thus, our exports are directly tural groups, visiting seamen and shipping earnings. responsible for at least three m1111on jobs. officials, etc. About 40% of these Communist The Cameroonian Government has We are now importing close to 50% of our officials are spies-trained, hard-core intel displayed continuing interest in improv oil-with the cost running to more than 25 ligence agents (source: U.S. News & World ing ties with the U.S. Government by ac- billion dollars a year paid to foreign coun- Report, February 23, 1976). In this respect, May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14701 it should be remembered that in 1972 the cost. The Soviet line does not have to pay its this Nation can promptly devise some means United States opened thirty deep water ports own insurance costs-a major factor in west to protect its shipping from "politically to Soviet ships. This immediately gave Com ern shipping; it bunkers as much as possible minded" comecon shipping. The State De munist spies easy access to this country. In in home ports, where fuel 1s only a third of partment is finally awakening, apparently, as 1974, some 14,000 Soviet crewmen came world prices, and it pays much lower wages a result of the growing concern of the Euro ashore at U.S. ports. This does not include a seaman getting about $60.00 a week, in· pean nations over the grave threat to com the seamen from Eastern European ships eluding social benefits." mercial shipping posed by communist fleets. that dock in the United States such as Po Another cogent statement by the seatrade Most Europeans have detente and trade prob land and other COMECON countries. study is: lems with the USSR and are anxious for lead Soviet bloc ships now call at U.S. ports at "Revenues, already hit by a fall-off 1n ership on this subject from the United States. an average of once every other day. From my business, are further squeezed when the So In the March 15, 1976 issue of U.S. News & omce 1n the International Trade Mart I often viets go for the more lucrative higher-rated World Report, it is reported that Secretary of watch the ships plying the Mississippi River, cargoes, leaving the Western lines to carry Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld stated: and I note with considerable concern the lower-paying tramc. The multiplier effect of "It is 'dead wrong' to assume that detente increasing numbers of Communist bloc ships the Soviets grabbing more and higher-pay means that the Russians are our friends and arriving and sailing here 1n New Orleans. ing containers is devastating." we can trust them . . . that they wm not Your Tulane program included a tour of The Soviets rationalize their intrusion into continue to support 'just wars of national our New Orleans waterfront, and you must the cross-trade liner trades as being based on liberation.' That is not what Soviet policy is have observed many ships in the river flying the need to gather foreign exchange to pay all about.'' the flags of Comecon nations. for imports. The awesome size of the mod In the Aprll 1976 issue of Harvard maga The Soviet establish agencies abroad which ern Communist fleet-and the ships on zine, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, 1n his fine respond to their controls and directives, order-seem to contradict this statement article entitled "Understanding Detente," freely soliciting cargoes in Western countries, and, besides, the Soviet Union, and its satel stated: whtle U.s. flag lines serving communist ports lites, possessors of limitless quantities of es "A new era. of ideological confrontation lies must of necessity deal with government sential raw materials, hordes of gold, great ahead. We can defend ourselves successfully, controlled agencies, such as Sovinflot. Agency supplies of oil, etc., should easily be able to but first we must understand that we are services outside the Soviet Union are pro earn offsetting trade balances by relying on under attack.... when nations lose wars, vided by companies which are in many cases direct exports. Why don't they do it? The there are almost always consequences not so joint ventures between Sovinflot and some answer seems to be obvious-it does not serve much political in nature as social. A class, or foreign interest. In addition to the work their sinister purposes! Soviet imports and even a caste, is defeated 1n the process. Some which Sovinflot does for the Soviet fleet, it exports are subject to state trading policies thing of this sort has happened in the United also services foreign flag vessels in Soviet which insist upon f.o.b. sales and c.i.f. pur States." ports. (Seatrade, February, 1976) chases, which results in most of the Soviet Mr. Moynihan was referring to the Viet Communist cruise ships are becoming in direct trade being carried in Soviet-owned nam war, and he went on to say: "GuUt is creasingly active in operating out of United or dominated shipping. a weapon our adversaries can try to have us States ports, attracting American tourists in In the International Transport Journal of use against ourselves.'' large numbers by reason of low fares, the April 9, 1976, there is a very pertinent refer mystique of the Balalaika, the ballet, etc. What this really adds up to is the Ameri ence to the tactics employed by the Russians can people must be aroused to meet new Many Americans seem to be hypnotized by with relation to their shipping policies. In such ships, witness the apparent success of challenges and, above all, halt the maso the Western European trade, 1n addition to chistic frenzy that has so adversely affected the Russian cruise ship, Odessa, salling reg Soviet shipping competition, a milUon tons ularly out of New Orleans. Some of our lead the national security and basic economic are being handled per annum on the trans interests of our country. ing citizens have taken these cruises-ap Siberian container bridge. This low cost com parently justifying the use of such ships on How do we face up to the menace of Com petition is sorely hurting Japanese and West munist seapower? There is now proposed a the basis of curiosity. It should be realized ern European containership operators. A Jap that, 1n addition to the low wage scales new version of the "third flag" b11l, which anese suggestion to raise rates on the grounds has been developed by the Federal Maritime paid by the Communists, these ships can be of increased costs was rejected by the Rus used for political purposes. It should also Commission and is now under consideration sians, who claim that "inflation is a capital by no less than nineteen Government agen be recalled that Russian naval and merchant ist phenomenon that cannot be imported marine omcers are reported to be regularly cies. This act, an amendment to the Shipping into the Soviet Union!" This has prompted Act of 1916, has been proposed as the "Ocean exchanged, with the Russian navy heavily the Japanese shipping industry to raise the involved in the operation of Soviet merchant Shipping Act of 1976", and wm specifically question, "is freedom of shipping the free provide for the regulation of rates or charges ships. The Soviet merchant marine is obvi dom to starve?" ously considered more of a naval auxiliary by certain state-owned "controlled carriers" The Russians have indicated interest in 1n the foreign commerce of the United States. than a pure merchant marine. another large purchase of U.S. grains. So The general council of British shipping has The act would provide for tari:ffs filed with viet grain shipments to India and Cuba pro the FMC which are just and reasonable, with recently published an excellent brochure on voke the thought that perhaps U.S. pur this subject, entitled "Red Ensign vs. Red the burden of proof to be on the "controlled" Flag", which says in part: chases are being redistributed. Communist carrier. Basically, this bill is aimed as a rifle trade with the developing countries in re shot at the predatory Communist rate-cut " ... the coupling of economic and strategic cent years has shown a substantial increase, considerations 1s obvious and has been re ting practices, and it would not apply to cently restated in an East German shipping obviously intended in substantial part for state-controlled carriers engaged in bilateral publication, 'Okonomie des Seetransports', political reasons. The recent conquest of An trade with the United States, or carriers which says that socialist shipping has a mlli gola through the intervention of Communist owned by any government whose vessels by tary-strategic objective demanding a large troops and supplies provides an alarming ex treaty are accorded most-favored-nation and suitably structured ocean-going mer ample of what can happen in countries where treatment or national treatment by the chant fleet." the vital interests of the United States are at United States. This b111 seems to have the en In February of this year the British pub stake, by reason of critical raw materials in dorsement of the entire U.S. maritime indus lication, Seatrade, published a comprehensive such areas. Secretary Rumsfeld is reported try, as well as the Western European nations study dealing with Soviet shipping, which I (U.S. News & World Report-March 15, 1976) and Japan. The new chairman of the Federal commend to your attention. It provides spe to have stated that Soviet intervention tn Maritime Commission, the Honorable Karl cific information related to Soviet maritime Angola is a forerunner of similar moves into E. Bakke, has frequently expressed his sup objectives and operations. This study was other areas. port for a strong and effective conference done in cooperation with CENSA, the Euro Our U.S. foreign policy related to D;lari system as the best means of stabilizing ocean pean and Japanese shipowner group. CENSA time affairs has been weak and outdated, and cargo rates. has its "own axe to grind", and often is in has had the effect of allowing the communists Let us hope that this proposal becomes law opposition to the interests of U.S. flag to make their own rules as to rates and prac and a really effective instrument for the de shipping, but here we apparently have com tices, while U.S. flag lines must attempt to fense of all U.S. foreign trade interests. mon ground. Typical of the hard-hitting compete under burdensome restrictions I think the most effective answer lies in the statements included in this study 1s the which impose substantial handicaps. In this direction of bi-lateral trading agreements on following: respect, I would commend to your reading each trade route, encompassing the basic car "Soviet lines, CENSA says, are heavlly sub the editorial by Marc Felice which appeared go-sharing principle. Many condemn this as sidized and even their 'profits' are based on in the trade-oriented magazine, "Transport being anti-competitive, anti-free enterprise, completely difi'erent costing. According to 2000." etc., but this is simply because they do not CENSA, a Soviet line is relieved of the capital It is incomprehensible to me that the ad really understand how cargo sharing works cost of bullding ships, servicing loans, pro ministration, through the State Department, under competitive conditions. Pooling can vision for replacement or allowance for de continues to openly invite communist flag be competitive and is In most cases. Adop preciation since the Trade Ministry buys its shipping to share in the tramc on our vital tion of a bi-lateral trade policy would thus ships. For a western line, these costs are trade routes. Such a policy has a dangerously have the effect of restricting the destructive spread to form a continuing commitment low fuse and wlll inevitably result 1n the force of Communist shipping to a narrow area Which a.ocounts for about 3G-35% of running destruction of our shipping industry unless of trade. Of course, in trades between the 14702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 Western nations and the Comecon countries, Chairman ADAMS did not, however, The American Jewish Committee was the Communists would enjoy equal benefits support other :floor amendments which originally formed to combat the persecu with the other trading partner. They already proposed to add funds to the budget for tion of Jews, but the committee has have,-and morel U.S. flag liner cargo carriage overall in various kind of veterans' services. acted on the presumption that discrimi creased from 23% in 1970 to about 30% in Among such amendments opposed by nation against any person will ultimately 1975, representing a 3.5 million ton increase the Budget Committee was the so-called hurt all. Its members are committed to in volume moved. On certain trade routes, Edgar amendment which added $610 the indivisibility of human rights, and U.S. liner vessels are transporting over half to the budget to fund the costs of ex believe that all men should be judged of the a vallable containerized cargo. The new tending the cut-off date for utilizing purely on their own merits, not on a pre U.S. flag vessels employ the most modern Vietnam-era GI educational benefits. conceived notion based on their religion, technology--such as the containerships, race, or national origin. The committee barge carriers, roll on-roll off ships, etc., but .\gain, I followed Chairman ADAMs' we have no monopoly on such technology. lead and voted against the Edgar has put these beliefs into practice. In the Our foreign flag competitors are placing more amendment. However, it was approved 1920's, it distinguished itself in the fight and more such vessels in service. by the House. against Ku Klux Klan-sponsored legisla As of March 1, 1976, the active privately My vote was one of the most difllcult tion which discriminated against Cath owned ocean fleet of the U.S. Merchant I have cast since coming to Congress. olics. At the United Nations founding Marine consisted of 518 vessels, comprising Because my vote may be miscon conference in San Francisco, the com about 13.3 million deadweight tons, accord strued, I want to emphasize that I am mittee's delegation, led by Judge Joseph ing to the Maritime Administration, U.S. De Proskauer and Jacob Blaustein, helped partment of Commerce. Under construction a cosponsor of legislation to extend the were 77 merchant ships, totalling more than delimiting date for Vietnam-era GI ed to insure the inclusion of human rights 7.6 mllllon deadweight tons. The shipbuild ucational benefits. I support granting clauses in the Charter of the United Na ing order book included 60 tankers, 6 inter the Vietnam-era veterans a further tions. In the 1960's, the committee was modal carriers, 9 dry bulk carriers, and 2 period during which to utilize their GI equally energetic in its support of the special-type vessels. The same reports state educational benefits. Kerner report on the causes of urban that the number of shipboard jobs was rioting, and in its advocacy of projects 22,996; total longshoremen, including clerks to reduce urban tensions. and allied crafts, numbered 60,516; shipyard The American Jewish Committee has workers 75,100; and Great Lakes shipboard THE AMERICAN JEWISH jobs were 288. Current trade projections indi always advocated acting within the con cate that there should be at least a 50% in COMMITI'EE text of the American system, seeking jus crease in new U.S. fleet vessels by 1985, tice under the law, rather than by ex almost tripling by the year 2000. The total HON. J. HERBERT BURKE tremism and violence. It has shown how U.S. foreign trade 1s expected to increase by Americans, organizing for the protection approximately 70% by 1985 (in tons), and to OF FLORIDA of their own rights and for the defense triple by the year 2000. It therefore follows IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the weak, can have a positive impact that it is essential for the U.S.A. to substan Wednesday, May 19, 1976 in their own country and throughout the tially increase its merchant fleet to assure access to world markets and supplies at rea Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, world. In all respects, the American Jew sonable rates and conditions. Should we rely the American Jewish Committee was ish Committee is an outstanding ex solely upon foreign fia.g ships, it 1s highly un formed in 1906, because the Jewish com ample of the American principle of citi likely that they will be available to us when munity in America was shocked at the zen voluntary organization for the pur needed-especially the communists! suit of justice. In response to specific questions related to rise of violent antisemitism in Czarist shipping matters, the Russians sometimes Russia. Mayor Sulzberger, Louis Mar quote an old Russian proverb: "Maybe yes, shall, and Dr. Cyrus Adler were the maybe no. Maybe Rain, maybe snow." founding fathers of this organization, A TRffiUTE TO MALCOLM X ON HIS In the final ans.lysls, the name of the game which over the last 70 years has built a BffiTHDAY 1s profit if we are to maintain a privately magnificent record in its fight for human owned, free enterprise maritime industry. rights. The committee's reputation for Our ships must obtain a substantial por tion of the water-borne export and import the support of human dignity would be a HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL foreign commerce of the United States on credit to any organization. OF PENNSYLVANU each trade route in order to justifY heavy The American Jewish Committee had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capital investment in new ships-which in hardly been formed when it took on the turn will provide more jobs for Americans task of raising funds for the rebuilding Wednesday, May 19, 1976 and multiplying benefits for the entire U.S. of Jewish institutions after the great Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, today is economy and national security. earthquakes in San Francisco and Sicily. the birthday of a great black man, the Through the years, the committee has Honorable Malcolm X, who arduously crusaded successfully to end discrimina labored to obtain freedom and equality FrRST CONCURRENT RESOLUTION tion in public accommodations, busi for blacks in America. Malcolm X ON THE BUDGET nesses, and academic institutions. It es struggled long and hard to achieve rec tablished the American Jewish Yearbook ognition of what was then an anomaly and Commentary Magazine to record the that the black race were members of the HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI progress of the Jewish community in the human race. OF KENTUCKY United States, and supported an array Born Malcolm Little in Omaha on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of research projects on human rights. May 19, 1925, Malcolm X was a revolu Wednesday, May 19, 1976 The achievements of the American tionary in his own time. He traveled the Jewish Committee have reached beyond road of a dope addict, pusher, prisoner, Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, Chair our own shores as well. Following the conformed Muslim in the nation of Is man BROCK ADAMs-and his House start of World War I, the committee in lam and eventually an individual in his Budget Committee-worked dillgently augurated relief projects for Jewish own right preaching world brotherhood for months in preparing the first con refugees in Europe and Palestine. In the and human justice. Symbolic of Malcolm current resolution on the budget. They interwar period, it publicized Nazi anti is his pointed and "piercing finger of ac did a masterful job in the limited time semitism, and after the war, it estab cusation at racist dominated institutions available to them, in handling the com- lished overseas headquarters in Paris and eroding the foundations of the Nation's plex and controversial matter of setting Buenos Aires to look after the welfare existence." national budget priorities. of Jewish people in Europe, North Africa, Today, more than a decade following During House consideration of the and Latin America. As early as 1951, the Malcolm's assassination, the black man first budget resolution, Chairman ADAMS American Jewish Committee was calling has achieved many of the dreams that supported an amendment adding $1.2 attention to the reappearance of anti Malcolm perceived although the road billion to the budget for veterans' cost semitism in Soviet Russia, and in recent continues to be a long one. His own pre of-living benefit increases. I followed years it has been active in exposing anti dictions were unpopular but they served Chairman ADAMs' lead and voted for Jewish propaganda when it appears in as an impetus for future black leaders. the amendment. the United States. In retrospect, those who found Malcolm's May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14703 conformed views incompatible with their tactical air support aircraft than the U.S., Federal income tax the local real estate own ideology can now be labeled as part the U.S., because of the superiority of its taxes they pay as part of their rent. planes, has a large lead in attack aircraft of an anachronism for America is now capability and an increasing lead in fighter My bill would provide a credit against beginning to accept the true worth of capab111ty. In addition, nothing in the Soviet Federal income tax of 5 percent of an blacks not only as human beings but as inventory can match the performance of the nual rent, up to $75 for a married couple Americans who have made substantial U.S. C-130 fleet in tactical air transport. filing jointly-$37 .50 each if they file contributions t. our Nation's 200 years Strategic Mobtlity Forces: The Soviets sur separately-and $50 for single taxpayers. of growth. pass us in military sea lift, but the United This would apply to persons who rent In commemoration of this great black States has kept its lead in strategic air lift. their principal residence for 8 months is In assessing the mtlltary balance between leader's birthday, it my hope that all the United States and the Soviet Union, the out of any year under a genuine rental Americans can retain one of Malcolm's first step is to determine our real milltary agreement. last dreams: requirements on the basis of the United A large and growing segment of our I dream that one day history w1ll look States' interests and objectives. The next population rents its residence. In 1970, upon me as having been one of the voices step is to shape the United States' mtlltary 37 percent of all Americans rented their that perhaps helped to save America from a force structure to correspond to these real residences, 42 percent in the Northeast. grave, even possibly fatal catastrophe. military requirements. ThiS approach means my we should not try blindly to match the Sov In Arlington County in district more iets, weapon system for weapon system, or than 65 percent of all occupied residential force level for force level. units are rental dwellings. THE MILITARY BALANCE The United States and the Soviet Union Under present law a homeowner may have differing military requirements that deduct on his Federal income tax the lead to differing mllitary forces. The United amount of real estate taxes paid to his HON. LEE H. HAMILTON States Army is structured to defend the Eu ropean front while much of the Soviet Army county or city of residence. No such tax OF INDIANA is directed to protect against Chinese at deduction is available to the renter even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tack. The Soviet Navy is designed to protect though the taxes are paid as a part of Wednesday, May 19, 1976 the Soviet Union against attack by American the monthly rent check. My bill seeks to aircraft carriers and to interdict the sea correct this inequity. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I in lanes, whUe the American Navy 1S designed The way it would operate is simple. clude my Washington Report entitled not only to attack the Soviet Union, but also Once the total amount of Federal income "The Military Balance": to maintain control of the seas on a global tax has been computed, the amount owed THE MILITARY BALANCE basis. The Russian military may be expanding would be reduced by up to $75 for a The argument over whether the United stea.dlly, but much of the increase 1S moti married couple who file jointly or $50 States 1s the number one or number two vated by the Sino-Soviet split. Russian mlli for a single taxpayer-$37 .50 for mar mllitary power in the world has suddenly tary manpower vastly outnumbers United ried taxpayers filing separately-pro become a major concern during this Presi States mllitary manpower, but they use serv viding a direct savings to the renter. The dential campaign. icemen where we use civntans. Our intelli A recent study by the Library of Congress proposal is intended to be simple and gence estimates, for example, show that It concludes that, in quantitative terms, the nearly half the Soviet Union's mllitary forces understandable to insure its wide use. military balance since 1965 has shifted and are engaged in essentially civ111an work or does not require the calculation of a.c 1S continuing to shift substantially in favor are assigned to mllitary missions not directly tual real estate taxes paid as a part of of the Soviet Union. Qualitatively, the United threatening to the United States. The Rus the rent but establishes a uniform dol States has the advantage, according to the sians out-spend us when we measure spend ar figure and gives the taxpayer a direct report, but in certain respects thiS qualita ing by dollars, but using other comparisons, credit. A plan similar in form is now in tive superiority is slipping away. like spending in rubles, the United States effect in the State of California. The use The Library of Congress report compares has outspent the Soviets. Our allies also add of the device of a tax credit rather than the United States and Soviet strength in six considerably more in equipment, men, rel1a categories: b111ty and strength to our military capabntty the more customary tax deduction in Strategic Nuclear: The United States has than Russia's allles do to hers. sures that those renters who take the lost its numerical superiority in nuclear mis Raw numbers in military comparisons do standard deduction on their Federal tax siles and lags in every category except for not mean everything. The quantitative bal returns rather than itemizing their de launchers with multiple-independently ance is conditioned by intangible and quali ductions will still benefit under my bill. targetable-reentry-vehicles (MIRV's) and tative considerations, which are equally im For example, a renter earning $15,000 per total warheads. The U.S. also leads in quan portant. These considerations include lead year and filing as a single taxpayer tities of heavy bombers and air launched ership, discipline, motivation, train1ng, com would remain eligible for the full $2,300 cruise missiles. But a meaningful comparison bat experience, and technology. Besides, the of strategic nuclear power considers explosive overall comparative strength of the United standard deduction and would be eligible power, number of warheads, accuracy and States and the U.S.S.R. 1s measured not in for the $50 tax credit as well. This com rellabillty. All things considered, the U.S. mllitary terms alone, but in terms of all the bination of tax credit and standard de strategic nuclear force is in excellent shape elements of national power, including politi duction is an effort to place renters in and is probably more than twice as effective cal stab111ty, the strength of the economy, the roughly the same position as homeown as the Soviet force against hard targets. fiber of the people, geography, and the lead ers under our Federal tax laws. The use Tactical Nuclear: Air power gives the ership of the nation. United States a global edge, but in Central of a tax credit rather than a tax deduc The basic issue that needs to be debated tion has the further advantage of Europe the Soviets have substantial quanti and resolved 1s not whether the United tative superiority. But the U.S. with 7,000 States is superior or inferior mllitarlly, but providing a larger relative tax benefit to nuclear weapons in Europe, has ample nu rather what role the United States wants to lower-income families and individuals. clear weapons for any conceivable purpose. play in the world and thus what mllltary I recognize the fact that this proposal Ground Forces: Soviet personnel stretch forces we should maintain in order to carry is a major change in Federal tax laws 1s 2% times that of the United States. The out that role. In any event, the question of which have historically put renters at a Soviets, however, use military manpower who is superior cannot be answered easlly disadvantage. A measure of the impact of for many functions which we assign to civil and simply. ians and their requirements are all together this change is that the staff of the Joint different from ours. The United States has Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation clear quantitative advantages in helicopters, estimates the revenue loss from my pro but 1s far behind in tanks and personnel TAX DEDUCTIONS FOR TENANTS posal to be $1.7 billion. With increasing carriers. numbers of Americans choosing the ef Naval Forces: The Soviets have more naval HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER ficiency and relative convenience of combatants in every category except aircraft apartment living I believe we must re carriers, where we have a distinct advantage. OF VmGINIA examine the policies of our tax laws. I The United States has seven nuclear powered IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES combatants and the Soviet Navy has none. hope my bill will serve as a basis for that The U.s. Navy also has twice the tonnage of Wednesday, May 19, 1976 reexamination. the Soviet Navy. Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, today I I shall make every effort to urge the Tactical Air Force: In land and carrier Ways and Means Committee, on which based combat aircraft the United States is have introduced a bill to provide a tax far ahead. Although the Soviet Air Force has credit for renters, who under current law I serve, to begin deliberations as soon as more fighter/attack, medium bombers and are not permitted to deduct on their possible. 14704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 STARCH-TARGETED PESTICIDES with the USDA. He said one volatile herbicide is about to come out reincarnated as the he encapsulated showed no loss in effective Manhattan Tribune. The business-which ness after 40 days of storage. has made Haddad one of the country's lead HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL Only 7 per cent of the chemical evaporated ing poverticla.ns•-ts booming, so much so in five hours under a heat lamp, while almost in fact that Haddad Is in a quandary over OF ILLINOIS 90 per cent of the same herbicide left un whether to buy a company jet or merely a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES protected evaporated in two hours under company Turboprop. Wednesday, May 19, 1976 the same conditions, he said. And in the meantime, the mall comes in One manufacturer, Pennwa.lt Corp. of and Bill Haddad rolls with it. He can take Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, a new de Philadelphia, already markets a pesticide, the criticism. Yes, sir. It's all because of this velopment by Agricultural Research Penncap, in which methyl parathion Is held new calm he has developed. You might not Service scientists in my hometown• . in a little nylon purse which slowly disinte know about this new calm if Haddad didn't Peoria, Dl., uses a farm product, starch, grates. talk about it so much. As he sits in his to keep farm chemicals on target. En Doane said the starch process uses "the omce on the 61st floor of the Chrysler Build cheapest and purest polymer that could be ing, he pulls pieces of Scotch tape off a dis capsulating chemicals, especially pesti bought." It also "biodegrades after it re penser and sticks them together. He smacks cides, in a starch compound makes the leases the pesticide," he sa.ld. a ruler against his thigh. He bites at his chemicals safer and more effective to use Because of the cost of the encapsulation glasses. He doodles arrows and squares on and protects the environment. process, even if a farmer cuts the amount a scratch pad. He stands, hitches up his Since many pesticides are made from of pesticide he applies 1n half, his total cost pants, tucks in his shirt, tugs at his socks, petrochemicals and fuel is used in apply might be the same, Doane said. "Of course, loosens his tie, unbuttons his collar, rolls mass production might bring that down," he up his cuffs, and sits down to tell you about ing them on the farm, making them said. his new claim. "It's on the inside, not the more effective conserves petroleum. outside," he says, and proceeds to explain Using starch instead of a petrochemical how it works. to encapsulate them also conserves this JACK ANDERSON'S PECULIAR In the old days, he says, he would have limited resource. Our starch supply is re SOURCE-PART II been troubled to hear that a couple of the newed every year, of course, in annual Mayor's assistants had argued against his crops of com, wheat, sorghum, and other appointment. In the old days, he would have cereal grains. gotten upset at being attacked in a New York HON. LARRY McDONALD Times editorial. Not any more. In the old This is just one more development OF GEORGIA days, it would ha.ve bothered him to be ac from research on farm products that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cused of using his position on the Board as will benefit the general public, ecologists, a stepping-stone to the Mayoralty. Not any and consumers, as well as farmers and Wednesday, May 19, 1976 more. It's all because of this new calm. He chemical manufacturers. Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. knows he is going to be controversial; for The Peoria J oumal Star reported the Speaker, William F. Haddad has been a the first time in his life, he is able to live in with it. research May 7 a bylined news story Jack Anderson source for many years. "I'm a provocateur," said Haddad. "I can't by Mr. William Prater of the Associated Anderson's own peculiar history, which seem to let one go by. I learned that from Press, and I insert the article to be I have discussed in the CONGRESSIONAL .Estes Kefauver. I used to ask him, 'Why do printed in the REcoRD: RECORD many times, certainly has a par you get into all these battles?' and he would SAFER, MORE EFFECTIVE AG CHEMICAL allel when we examine the history of say, 'Never let one go by.' I wish I could. APPLICATION TEST SET Haddad. I wish I could learn to keep my mouth shut. (By William Prater) I would like to share with my col But I can't." And the thing is, Bill Haddad must be do A new method of applying farm chemicals leagues an excellent article on Hadda_d ing something right-even if his mouth is was disclosed here yesterday which may be written by Nora Ephron in New York wide open-because people don't say nasty safer, more effective and less polluting than magazine, November 25, 1968. Miss things about him as often as they used to. conventional ways of controlling weeds and Ephron pointed out that-- He is still abrasive, they say, but less abra insec~. Last year Bill Haddad earned well over sive. Still ambitious, but less obvious. Per The development could "cut the amount of haps it's because he's 40-men always seem chemical a farmer must use in half," said $100,00D-which is not bad for a boy in the poverty business. less brash at 40. Perhaps it's because he fi Dr. Wlllia.m M. Doane, a research chemist nally has a legitimate platform to speak with the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Miss Ephron's article entitled "Oh from-two platforms, in fact, if you count Peoria. Haddad, Poor Haddad" follows: the newspaper. Whatever it is, all tha.t busi The process, which involves wrapping the ness you used to hear about his being just toxic chemical in a nonsoluble starch com OH HADDAD, POOR HADDAD It has been more than two months since like Sammy Glick, about his being a hustling pound, has been turned over to 10 agricul operator-"You hear all that a lot less than tural chemical companies for testing. Bill Haddad said what he had to say on the subject of this city's public schools, and you used to," says Blll Haddad. He smiles and Chemicals that can break down or dissolve relaxes. He seems thoroughly ingenuous. And in sunlight or water are trapped by the the mail is still coming ln. It has been more than two months since Haddad, newly for a moment, just for a moment, you under starch compound and held in particles that stand what he means about this new calm. dissolve in soli more slowly than the chemi appointed to the Board of Education, ap But then he stands, scratches his scalp, starts ca}g, peared on television one Sunday afternoon pacing the room, and the impression passes. In the field, the insoluble, water-permeable and said, "I wouldn't put my kids in the Ever since-well, probably ever since the starch holds the pesticide in place for slow public school system. I'd hock my suit, my beginning, but certainly ever since he came release, Doane said. car and my shoes to get them into a decent to New York-Bill Haddad has fascinated "You don't want to k1ll a bird; you don't school." Two months, and Blll Haddad stlll those he has come in contact with. His want to klll a fish," he said. "Almost every hasn't quite figured out how to answer all friends talk about him incessantly; he playa manufacturer Is working on some method those angry letters. Letters from parents who a far larger role ln their conversations than now of controlling the release rate." are outraged because Haddad, who runs a he does in their lives. At the New York Post, Doane said chemists at the USDA Agricul $5 million business and is married to the where he was a first-rate investigative re tural Research Service laboratory in Peoria adopted daughter of millionaire John Hay porter, everyone knew he would be the first worked more than a year and a half on the Whitney, does not have to hock anything Arab president. Or the first Arab governor. encapsulating process and had been working including that old Mercedes Benz his father Or at least the first Arab something-or-other. for two years before that on ways to slow in-law gave him for a wedding present--to In those days, his name would come up over the rate of pesticide release. keep his kids in decent schools. Outraged cocktails, Unger through dinner, then brandy, Every chemical manufacturer "is trying to because it is not bloody likely Haddad ever untU finally someone would say, "Why are we develop its own way to do the same thing," even considered sending his children to pub spending so much time on him? He's only a Doane said. ". . . The whole concept of con lic school. Outraged because, as a New York reporter." Not for long. In 1961, after work trolled release is fairly new. It's com.e a long Times editorial put it some days later, "For ing in the Kennedy campaign, he joined the way ln the last two or three years." the parents of a m1llion New York young Peace Corps as associate director, and his The USDA process involves encapsulating sters, there Is no alternative to the public name began to come up a.t and Unger the toxic chem.ical in starch xanthate, a schools-not even the pawnshop Mr. Haddad through Washington dinner parties. In 1964 com.pound of starch and sulfur developed demagogically suggests." he took a brief job at his father-in-law's originally in the Peoria lab as a paper One of these days BUI Haddad wlll get Herald Tribune; he was discussed into the strengthening agent. around to finishing his draft letter of reply. Dr. Baruch S. Shasha prepared a total of He has been meaning to for weeks. But you 50 types of herbicides, insecticides and nem.a. know how things have been. The strike never •Povertician, n. 1. one who deals in the todes for the 10 manufacturers cooperating ends. His newspaper, the West Side News, politics of poverty. 2. one who profits thereby. May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14705 small hours by the boys at Bleeck's. Then he pair field. But then Haddad's involvement a separatist) and a white editorial (by Had ran for Congress in a messy 19th C.D. pri petered out, and the enthusiasm he had dad, an integrationalist). Hadded expects mary against Rep. Leonard Farbstein, where generated dried up. the Tribune to make its formal appearance he finally admitted-to the public and to For some, Haddad's lack of follow-through thls month. Its informal debut, and an un his old friends at the Post-that he was 100 is inexcusable. They chalk it off to his in impressive one it was, took place at theRe per cent Jewish; to thls day, his behavior ability to wear less than ten hats at once publican and Democratic conventions, where over h1s religious background tantallzes his and claim that he wears none of them well. it appeared with bylined articles by Jack friends. And now, as a financially secure "He just doesn't know what he wants to do," Newfield and Dick Tuck and pseudonymous businessman with somewhat mysterious po said a Mayoral assistant, "so he does every ones by Andrew Kopkind and David Halber litical aspirations, he continues to fascinate. thing." For others, the fault is redeemed by stam. Why? his energy. Fantastic, incredible energy. Bill In addition to working together on the "Bill Haddad 1s a type," says one man who Haddad works a 16-hour day and takes Gel paper, Haddad and Innis are also opening a has known him since college. There are peo usn, and so does just about everyone who journalism school to train young blacks and ple who have some quality that we ourselves works for him. "It's like constantly being in Puerto Ricans. Its operating budget of ap possess but are unw1111ng to accept. They volved in a political campaign," said Bonnie proximately $100,000 will be supplied by the may be social climbers, or sexual philander Lefkowitz, who, along with her husband Ford Foundation. Plans for the school were ers, or, as in Blli's case, wildly ambitious. Gary, worked for Haddad until a year ago. drawn up by journalist Pete Hamill, who re The difference between them and us is that "You have the same hours, the same pressure portedly got out of the operation when he they're transparent. We talk about them as of a political campaign, but without the def discovered that Innis insisted on having a much as we do to reassure ourselves that inite goal at the end." one-week indoctrination course in black we're not transparent, that we haven't been Does Bill Haddad overwork his staff? power for the students, and that Haddad found out. Talking about someone who has "I'm like Sargent Shriver," said Haddad. planned to use what the trainees wrote in been found out is a way of relieving our own "I expect others to do what I do." school in the Manhattan T'l'ibune. "Pete anxieties." Even if they're earning less than you are? really got up tight about that," se.id one in One of BUI Haddad's former colleagues has "I used to give that to Shriver," Haddad sider. "Apparently Haddad had never told a simpler theory: "Like Zsa Zsa Gabor. Bill replied, "and you know what he used to him the school was connected with the pa has a great talent for publicity. He has an say? 'Nobody asked you to work here.' We're per, and Pete was furious. He thought he'd extra gland that produces publicity instead not the best-paying place, but we're not the been lied to-<>r at least that he hadn't of sweat." been told the whole truth-and he felt the It is generally assumed that people who worst. And this 1s a rather exciting com pany." arrangement was unsavory. It got very tense. know Blli Haddad either like him enormously Pete said to Haddad, 'You mean to tell me or hate him. This is not quite accurate. It The United States Research and Develop ment Corporation (USRD) was started three that the Ford Foundation is going to under would be truer to say that people who like write your commercial enterprise by giving him seem to dwell on his shortcomings, and years ago by Haddad and his partner Robert Campitt. They began it without a penny of you free reporters? Incredible. That's not people who hate him dwell on h1s virtues. running a newspaper-that•s running a Thus, you will speak with Dave Gelman, who help from Jock Whitney; today USRD takes up an entire :floor of the Chrysler Building plantation.' " The journalism school w1ll likes him and works for him, and he will say, have a black director, a white director, a "I always thought of Blll as a Juggler. He and spllls onto several others. Last year Haddad earned well over $100,- black assistant, a white assistant, a black would throw up twelve dishes into the air, secretary and a white secretary. According to keep them all up somehow, and 1f something 000-which is not bad for a boy in the pov Haddad, it will not be a plantation: he has came along that interested him, he would erty business. For although USRD makes it& big money from developing computer sys decided, he says, to sell what the trainees walk out from under them and let them all write to publications like the Village Voice, go smash." tems for private industry, its reputation de as Hamill originally suggested. Or talk to W11liam vanden Heuvel, a Ken rives from its work in the poverty field. Just Roy Innis, huge, handsome, bearded, sits nedy man who 1s reliably reported to be less as burgeoning Defense Dept. activity created in h1s West End Avenue apartment wearing than admiring, and you hear: "I admire Blll's the need for companies like Litton Indus only a pair of slacks. "Both Haddad and I spirit and energy and capacity to make tries, the rapid expansion of the poverty pro had a coincidence of needs," he explained. things happen. He's willing to put things to gram has meant there was room for com "Both of us were passing through the same gether that others don't think are possible." panies like USRD. position in time and space. He had a need Or listen to a Manhattan district leader Essentially, USRD's work in the poverty for a journal on the West Side. I had a need who was close to Robert Kennedy and is a field falls into two areas: consultation and for a journal in Harlem. We complemented friend of Haddad's. "I know all his weak administration. Haddad hires out his men to each other's needs." nesses," he said. "I know all the things that evaluate the effectiveness of poverty pro "Are you using him or is he using you?" drive everyone crazy, but I really am fond grams; also, USRD will take over the plan Innis was asked. of B111. You know, hi& behavior during the ning and administration of such programs "We're both using each other," Innis re Kennedy vigil was sort of a joke. At five for both government and private industry. plied. "We have a symbiotic pragmatic re o'clock the day Bob died, we realized we In return for its services as administrator, lationship. That's quite different from a wanted some of rJ.s friends to stand vigil, so USRD is paid 10 per cent of the administra parasitic relationship. Haddad and I have a we began to frantically round them up. We tion costs of the project--off the top--a fig lot ln common. We're both pragmatists. Of called Blll. He got there, and suddenly, he ure Haddad insists works out to a bare one course, he prefers to think of himself as a became a big cheese. He welcomed everyone, per cent profit after expenses. "The private do-gooder. He has a lack of distinction be shook hands at the door-he stayed all night, accounts carry the company," says Haddad. tween what he wants for himself and for in fact. Then afterwards, he told people he "We don't make money from poverty." the general good. He couldn't be a bank rob was in charge of the vigil." He laughed. "But Among USRD's involvements: setting up the ber unless he was going to play Robin Hood." everybody operates that way. He's no worse first industrial education centers for train Innis paused. "What did you say this article than anyone else. And I think anyone who ing hard-core unemployed ghetto adults; was going to be about?" doesn't like him can't do things as well as running a public school in California; oper he can." ating the California Employment Bureau; "Haddad," came the reply. "Who he is, There are two things everyone who knows consulting and evaluating poverty-related what he wants.'' Blll Haddad agrees on. First, the energy. government prog-rams. It also hires out its "Well," sa.id Innis, "when you find out let (More on that later.) Second, that he takes employes to political campaigns. Haddad me know." on too much. Once, in fact, Haddad had to worked a.s head Hessian in the primary cam William Frederick Haddad was born in find a ghostwriter to ghostwrite a book paigns of Jerome Cavanagh, Detroit mayor Charlotte, N.C. He grew up moderately poor which he'd promised to ghostwrite himself. who won the Senate nomination (and later in New York and New Hampshire. When his "He just can't say no to anything," says his lost the election) , and Robert King High, parents separated, his sister stayed with his secretary Denise Morrissey. Because Haddad former Miami mayor who falled to JZet the Russian-born mother in New Haven and Had overcommlts himself, he occasionally lacks gubernatorial nomination. And then there is dad and his two brother moved to Miami to something in follow-through. Usually, he the Manhattan Tribune. grow up extremely poor with their Egypti.an falls to do the small things--political favors Last spring, USRD bought 90 per cent of father. At fifteen, he enlisted in the Merchant he promises to perform, phone calls he prom the West Side News. "For fun," says Haddad. Marine and spent the better part of five years ises to make, speeches he promises to de Certainly not for profit. The West Side News at sea. returning home each year to help his liver-but occasionally he takes on larger is an almost legendary financial calamity. As family run a small Arab restaurant. After responsibilities and ultimately ... well, ulti its new publisher, Haddad announced that two years of St. Petersburg J .C., where be mately lets them all go smash. Like his Citi he planned to turn the paper into an in led a couple orf civil rights scufiles, he en zens Committee for Metropolitan Affairs. vestigative publication serving both the rolled in the class of 1954 at Columbia, Formed following Mayor Lindsay's election, West Side and Harlem. He gave an interest worked his way through nights as a radio the committee was to be an informal citizens in the operation to CORE and named its di man, graduated, and moved to Washington investigative force; its members, excited by rector, Roy Innis, co-publisher. The result of to work for Kefauver. In 1957 he came back Haddad's enthusiasm, came up with provoc this alliance will be called the Manhattan to New York to work at the Post, and in ative information on overtime payment for Tribune and will have a black editor and a three years there, he won every journalism city employes and practices in the auto re- white editor and a black editorial (by Innis, award except for the Pulitzer. 14706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 Haddad married Kate Roosevelt (her fat her Committ ee charging that Farbstein was ra.is up to the eighth floor and run telephone lines is Congressman James; her mother's second ing the religious issue. up to his office so no one will know he's here." marriage was to Whitney) in the Church of In fact, of course, it was Haddad h imself Father-in-law not withstanding, Bill Had St. Matthew's and st. Timoth y's in 1959. The who h ad raised it . And in so d oing, he dad did not get the job he wanted in the Rev. James Gusweller, a. cleric well known brought the whole u npleasant busin ess out Lindsay Administration. Instead, he started for h1s involvement in soclal issues, per into the open, thus giving the whispered USRD; to keep from going into total political formed the ceremony in his West 84th Street rumors a legitimate place 1n the campaign. eclipse, he formed his Citizens Committee church. No one who has met Kate Haddad "If the issue was to have been raised at all," and headed the fight against state aid for believes her husband married for money. said a politician who advised Haddad against parochial schools. This year, when the "She's a. fantastic girl;' said one friend. "Bill it, "it should have been raised by the op vacancies on the Board of Education came would have married her even if her name position. Then it could have been condemned. due, Haddad saw his chance. He was had been Slatkin." Kate Haddad-"She's Haddad would have done better to keep his genuinely interested in the problems of ed fabulous," says her husband, and everyone mouth shut." ucation-which helped; he was white, Jew agrees-is now the mother of "Twea.ky" "I never did figure out what to do about ish, in favor of decentralization, and had ties (Laura.). 6; "Bebo" (Andrea.), 3; and the Jewish thing,'' Haddad recently admitted. to the black community-which helped "Scrumpy" (Ca.milla.), 1. And if some of his best friends were sur more. "I lobbied for that job," said Haddad. In 1P60, following the Democratic con prised to discover that he was Jewish, Had "I really did. I went after it. I used my politi vention. where he worked for Stevenson, dad's own mother, now Mrs. Esther Dubin, cal know-how. I'm not ashamed of that. I Haddad returned to the Post and began to was flabbergasted that it should have come wanted the job." And now do you regret hav wrtte a. series of stories on the Wagner ad up at all. During the closing days of the cam ing taken it? "Sometimes I do, but when it ministration. Bobby Kennedy, who at the paign, she bumped into a. downtown district boils down to it, I'm not." time was trying to hold the New York Demo leader and blurted out, "I don't understand He continued: "I've really aged in this job. cmtic Party together until the election, be this. Could my boy not be Jewish?" I'm sure people are saying I took it because came concerned that the articles might prove What everyone comes back to is the energy. I'm ambitious, but let me tell you, if you a source of embarrassment. He called W1111am Especially the short-term energy. In politi have political ambitions, the best advice is Walton-then Kennedy liaison with the New cal campaigns, he can be counted on to get don't get involved in anything that involves York Democra.ts--and told him to get H.a.ddad things moving, to get out the literature. In education. Hide until it blows over. If you're off their backs. Walton inquired around the Peace Corps and the Poverty Program, smart, get out." Haddad's first few months about Haddad, found out that he was bright, his enthusiasm and abhorrence of red tape on the Board have not been easy. Saying he young and ambitious, and invited him up were essential to programs just beginning. would hock his coat didn't help. But, he for a chat. They spent an afternoon talking, He infuriated the bureaucrats. He would ap says, "I want to say what I want to say when then another afternoon. Shortly thereafter, pear for senior staff meetings in his shirt I want to say it. I don't want to think twice Kennedy called Walton. sleeves, his tie carefully undone, uttering a about it." His ties to the black community "Did you get Haddad off our backs?" he stream of obscenities; he wanted the fact as have not worked out as well as the Lindsay asked. well as the appearance of being anti-bureau administration had hoped. He has also made "I think we've got him under control," cratic. an enemy of Rose Shapiro, whose re-election Walton replied. In the Kennedy administration, Haddad as president of the Board of Education he "What do you mean?" was a. Shriver man. In Kennedy elections, he blocked. "What Rose is a.ngrtest about,'' he "Well, I don't think he's going to write any worked for Steve Smith. Robert Kennedy said, "is that I put my feet up on her table." more nasty stories for the New York Post," never quite grew to Uke him, but he re Somewhat sheepishly, he added: "I don't put said Walton. spected his ability to get things done. In my feet up any more." And because Haddad "What is he going to do?" Kennedy asked. Kennedy's Senatorial campaign, Haddad laid was not on the five-man negotiating team in "He's going to come down to Washington out and distributed the famous ftyers on the the strike, he has been in the papers some Monday,'' said Walton. "I gave him a job as myth of Keating's liberalism. He played a what less than in the beginning of his term. your assistant." criticaJ. part in the surrogate's ca.mpa.tgn and But he11 be back. That gland that gen After two years in the Peace Corps, Haddad leaked information on the court to New York erates publtctty will start working again . The left. For one thing, Sargent Shriver had re reporters. H1s mark on campaign literature ts juggler will throw another ball into the air. signed, to be replaced by Bill Moyers; for clear: he always lays it out in exactly the Why, just the other day, a.t a. City Hall meet another, Haddad explained, "It was just time same way, and it usually begins, "Six Rea ing where the Mayor was present, the rumor to get out." ("You know Bill Moyers is sons Why You Should Vote For ..." whom circulated that Haddad was planning to run smart," Murray Kempton is reported to have ever he 1s working for. for Governor. True? "Look,'' said Haddad, "I said a.t the time, "because he's the only guy Within days of his going to work in the don't know tf I have the temperament for who ever beat out Bill Haddad and kept Bill Lindsay campaign, anyone famllia.r with public omce." sm111ng.") Haddad spent several months Haddad's style knew he was there. The litera And when he says it, he belteves it. This heading an investigative team at the Trib ture showed. it, even before he produced the week, anyway. "He's not a. ltar,'' says Roy and then announced that he was entering famous flyers on the myth of Bea.me's Uberal- Innis. "At one time I thought he was. But the primary campaign against Rep. Farbstein. 1sm.. But Haddad denied he had anything to the only person he may be lying to is Bill His campaign was run with all the slickness do with the Mayoral campaign. Why he did is Haddad." of a Kennedy President blitz, with glossy not clear. He claims it was because he didn't literature, much talk of the man fresh from want the fact that he was a Kennedy-man the New Frontier, and national publicity. working-for-Lindsay used in the campalgn; JENSENISM-IV But Haddad had two big problems, according others suspect it had more to do with hts to his campaign manager, Assemblyman AI unceasing desire to cloak his exploits in Blumenthal. "First of all, he spent so much mystery. Whatever it was, Haddad was work ing in an office at Lindsay Headquarters in HON. SHIRLEY CIDSHOLM time as his own public relations man he OF NEW YORK didn't have enough time on the streets,'' said the Hotel Roosevelt one afternoon when Steve Blumenthal. "Second, the question of his Smith telephoned. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES religion caused him great injury, particularly "I was going to offer you a. job in the Wednesday, May 19, 1976 as it was misused by the opposition on the Beame campaign," said Smith, "but I gather Lower East Side." you're working for Lindsay." Mrs. CIDSHOLM. Mr. Speaker, I The confusion over Haddad's antecedents "Who told you?" asked Haddad. would like to enter into the REcORD a apparently began with the candidate him "Justin Feldman,'' said Smith. continuation of "Jensen1sm: The Bank self. Though both Haddad's parents were The next day, Feldman's telephone rang. It was Haddad. "Why did you tell Steve ruptcy of Science Without Scholarship" Jewish, said Haddad, "culturally we were by Prof. Jerry Hirsch. It is, I believe, Arabic, and we were raised in the Middle East Smith I was working for Lindsay?" he asked. a culture. My father felt one religion was as "Because you are,'' said Feldman. most important document analyzing the good as another." Today Haddad claims he "No, I'm not," said Haddad. "Why would astounding conclusions of Arthur Jen always identified himself as a Jewish Arab, I do that? With my father-in-law, why would sen: but friends from the Post remember dis I have to work for Lindsay to get a job tn Jensen's report of one nutritional supple tinctly that he admitted to being only half his adm.1.n1stration ?" ment study provides a shameful example of Jewish. In any case, wnen it began to be "Look, Bill," said Feldman, "I know you're scholarly incompetence: " ... there is at least whispered through the predominantly Jewish there beca~ Wynn Kra.marsky is working one study which shows that some undeter 19th C.D. that Haddad might be an Arab down the hall from you, and he told me you mined proportion of the urban population or worse, a meshumad, or backslider from his were there." in the United States might benefit sub religion-Haddad issued two biographical A couple of days later, Lindsay's campaign stantially wtth respect to intellectual de flyers. One said his parents were both from manager Bob Price called Feldman. "I know velopment by improved nutrition. In New Jewish backgrounds; the other, sllghtly you're not for Lindsay,'' said Price, "but why York Ctty, women of low socioeconomic vaguer, said his father was "born into the are you making me spend money?" status were given vitamin and mineral sup sma.ll Jewish community of Ca.tro." Then, "What are you talking about?" Feldman plements during pregnancy. These women Haddad announced that he had filed a com asked. gave birth to children who, at tour years of plaint before the Fair Campaign Practices "Because of you, we've had to move Haddad age, averaged 8 points higher ln IQ than a May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14707 control group of children whose mothers had plus intelligent qu' on ne l'etait auparavant. Pope Innocent X condemned a pernicious been given placebos during pregnancy (Har . . . ce qui importe pour se conduire de heresy which espoused the doctrines of 'to rell, Woodyard, & Gates 1955) ." 78 (p. 74) ma.niere intelligent, ce n'est pas tant la force tal depravity, irresistible grace, lack of free The information actually in Jensen's refer des facultes que la maniere dont on s'en sert, will, predestination and limited atonement.' ence is almost unrelated to his discussion: c'est-a-dire l'art de l'intelligence, et que cet That heresy was Jansenism and its author " ... gathering ... data in ... two ma art doit necessairement s'afiiner avec l'exer was Cornelius Jansen, Bishop of Ypres. In ternity clinics . . . about 800 miles apart. cice." 53 86 the winter of 1968 9~ the same doctrine ap One was the Frontier Nursing Service cen On page 74 Jensen reports Rlmland's dis peared in the 'Harvard Educational Review.' tered at Wendover, Leslie County, Kentucky, cussion of birth-order effects: "Order of birth That doctrine is now called 'jensenism' by and the other was the King's Daughters Ma contributes a significant proportion of the the 'New York Times Magazine' and its au ternity Clinic of Norfolk, Virginia." 1' (Italics variance in mental ability. On the average, thor is Arthur R. Jensen, professor of edu added) first-born children are superior in almost cational psychology at the University of Not only is the geographic location en every way, mentally and physically.... California at Berkeley." 9;l tirely unrelated to what he misrepresents it (Rimla.nd [1964, pp. 140-143] has put forth In the opening lines of his first chapter, to be but the sample composition is compli some interesting hypotheses to explain the entitled "The Jensenist Heresy," Eysenck cated: superiority of the first-born.)" Once again, tells the same Jensenism-Jansenism story as "The people of this Cumberland mountain consulting Jensen's reference directly wlll do Lewontin: "In 1953 Pope Innocent X con district are almost entirely descended from nothing to restore anyone's confidence in demned the heresy of Jansenism, proposed the early migrants to America and are of Jensen's integrity or competence as scientist by Cornelius Jansen, Bishop of Ypres, as English, Welsh, Scotch, and Irish ancestry. scholar, because on page 140, Rimla.nd (1964) espousing doctrines of 'total depravity, irre There 1las been little infiltration of Southern states: "The readiness with which psycho sistible grace, lack of free will, predestina European, Asiatic, African, Mexican, Indian genic explanations may be generated to ex tion and limited atonement.' More recently or Oriental blood. Probably nowhere in the plain the successes and failures of the first social scientists, educationalists and others United States is there a more h001ogeneous born ..." and again on page 141, Rimla.nd have condemned a novel heresy, called Jen group nor one of more rigid, unbending folk states: "The bulk of research on birth order senism by the 'New York Times Magazine,' ways. 75 (p. 15) and intelligence ... reports no consistent dif after Arthur Jensen, Professor of Educa "Radically these, [Norfolk, Virginia] ma erences in the mean IQ of children in sibling tional Psychology at the University of Cali ternity patients were approximately 80 per rank (Schoonover, 1959). Yet the findings fornia., Berkeley, and author of a widely dis cent Negro, the remainder being white pa are incontrovertible that the first-born are cussed review of methods of boosting intelli tients of varied and mixed nationality. highly overrepresented at both tips of the gence which appeared in the Harvard Educa Among their number were Mexicans, Fili distribution, as we noted in Chapter 7." 87 tional Review in 1969" IlL-without ever ac pinos, Germans, Laskers, Italians, Greeks, (Italics added throughout discussion of knowledging Lewontin's paper as the source. Hebrews, and those of French, Irish, and Rimland material.) Four pages later Eysenck introduces a. long English ancestry." 76 (p. 17) Following his discussion of environmental quotation from Jensen by the statement: Also the samples are subdivided according deprivation and immediately after describ "This is what he has to say, in an article to kind of diet supplement and separate in ing the "extreme case of Isabel . . . who was published in March 1970, in the Bulletin of telligence scores are presented for different confined ... in an attic up to the age of the Atomic Scientists." (p. 21) groups. Furthermore some children were six by a. deaf-mute mother, and who had an Eysenck goes to almost diabolical ex tested at age 3, some at age 4, and some at IQ of about 30 ..." but whose "IQ became tremes to omit Lewontin's name and to ex both 3 and 4 years. Since the I.Q. results normal by age 8" after being "put into a good clude Lewontin's valuable paper from his vary with the conditions, no single average environment," Jensen (p. 61) again cites "Acknowledgements" and recommended score is meaningful. animal work: "These observations are con "Further reading." The reader who actually Unfortunately even my previous example sistent with studies of the effects of extreme consults Eysenck's reference in the March fails to plumb the nadir of incompetence ex sensory deprivation on primates. Monkeys 1970 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, how hibited by both Jensen and his discussants, raised from birth under conditions of total ever, will be suprised. He wlll not find there because on his page 58 we are told: ". . . I social isolation for example, show no in any of the many lines and paragraphs (five received a personal communication from Pro dication when compared with normally raised pages of them) quoted from Jensen or any fessor Lloyd G. Humphreys who pointed out controls, of any impairment of abllity for words at all written by Jensen, because that some arguments that indicate I may have complex discrimination learning, delayed re issue, the only one cited directly by Eysenek, under-estimated the heritabllity of scholas sponse learning, or learning set formation, contains the valuable Lewontin paper Ey tic achievement .... [Here I have omitted although isolated monkeys show severe social senck has tried so hard to conceal. The long approximately 150 words.] Rank in high impairment in their relationships to nor Jensen quotation comes from Jensen's re school graduating class, which is an overall mally reared monkeys (Harlow & Griffin, sponse to Lewontin in the May, not the index of scholastic performance and is little 1965) ." Once again we are misled by a Jen March, issue and carries in its title the words, affected by age yields herita.bllity coefficients sen distortion, because in the very paragraph also expunged by Eysenck: "A Reply to Lew below 0.40 in a nationwide sample (Nichols Jensen is abstracting, Harlow and Griffin ontln.'' 95 Furthermore, the Jensen material and Bilbro, 1966) ." carefully warn their readers: "It should be appears deceptively to be one long continu That 1966 paper by Nichols and Bllbro,77 noted that these isolated monkeys had some ous, i.e., uninterrupted, quotation. The de as its title in Jensen's bibliography blatantly learning experience while under total social ception is revealed when one compares the proclaims, concerns "The Diagnosis of Twin deprivation (Rowland, 1964) ." 88 second paragraph with Jensen's original, as Zygosity" and is completely unrelated to the IV. A BRITISH ECHO shown in my Fig 8. topic for which it is adduced as reference! In Eysenck's quotation from Jensen, the Jensen refers readers to another of his pub In the Preface to the 1972 reprinting of HER, once again Jensen exposes his own second paragraph reads: "These assump lications in an unsuccessful attempt to jus tions, theories and practices . . . " and begins tify his misuse of heritability, 78 79 because shoddy standards by recommending "for students and nonprofessionals who lack the without any ellipsis points to indicate that the question "is too complex to be considered words have been deleted or suppressed: here." (p. 109) That other discussion reveals technical background in statistics, measure 89 whereas in the original the word "these" Is a very old misconception shared by Jensen ment theory and quantitative genetics," required for reading Jensen, that they read not capitalized because it is the sixth, not with too many of his sympathizers. There he the :flrst, word of the opening sentence, which claims: "The inventors and developers of in H. J. Eysenck's ( 1971) Race, Intelligence and Education: The I.Q. Argument----a suggestion in fact reads: "I agree with Lewontin that telligence tests-men such as . . . Binet these assumptions, theories and prac . . . ~!early intended that their tests assess endorsed by Cattell (1971): "A book that no open-minded person interested in the issues tices ...." And it is this text that Jensen ... the individual's innate brightness or now (p. 59) calls"... an admirably lucid and mental capacity." 80 But Binet's ideas were, in of our times should fa.ll to read." oo fact, quite different from what Jensen mis I have followed the "authoritative" rec readable discussion .... suited for students represents them to be. As Healy pointed out ommendations of Professors Jensen and Cat and nonprofessionals who lack the techni tell and here is what I have found on read cal background.... For being accurate whUe back in 1915 and as has since repeatdly been avoiding the technical, Eysenck's book is in ,81 ing Eysenck: 01 " ••• the reader will have to recognized, e.g., by Haller (1963, p. 112) 118 82 rely on the general watchfulness of my col the best tradition. . . .'' Certainly, it is Osborn (1966, Vol. 8, p. 816), Tuddenham an old tradition. (1962, p. 487) ,sa and so on: "Those who think leagues to make sure that I have not tried this scale measures general ability apart to slip anything over on him" (p. 15; lita.lics V. IS JENSEN HONEST? from schooling and other advantages should added); and: "In preparing this book for Having examined the quality of the read Binet himself on the subject." & And publication I was very much aided by Pro scholarship of Jensen and his allies, It be here is what Binet actually says: " ... l'ln fessor A. R. Jensen.... Thanks are due to comes of interest to compare what we have telligence de quelqu' un est susceptible de Professor I. I. Gottesman . . . for taking seen so far with the criteria Jensen applies developpement; avec de l'exercice et de l'en part in an 'At Home' With Jensen and other to others (enemies?). The remarks quoted trainement, et surtout de la methode, on experts ...." (p. 16) earlier from Moynihan were prompted by an arrive a. augmenter son attention, sa mem In the opening lines of the fine paper on exchange between Jensen and Elizabeth Al otre, son jugement, et a devenir Utteralement "Race and Intelllgence," quoted earuer. fert, wherein he charges: "Alfert's article be Lewontin likens today's Jensen1s:m to the gins with a falsehood. It Is a fatuous false Footnotes at end of article. heresy of Jansenism: "In the Spring of 1653 hood which I conclusively now question 14708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 the assumptions, theories and practices on sidered (in appropriate Watergate jargon) CONGRESSIONAL PAY RAISE which they were based. "inoperative"? LAWSUIT These assumptions, theories and prac FOOTNOTES tices-espoused over the past decade by the n Jensen, HER. majority of educators, social and behavioural '1~ R. F. Harrell, E. Woodyard, and A. I. HON. LARRY PRESSLER scientists-are bankrupt. I do not blame the Gates, The effect of Mothers' Diets on the OF SOUTH DAKOTA children who fa.il to now question the as Intelligence of Offspring (New York: Bu IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sumptions, theories and practices on which reau of Publications, Teachers College, Co they were based. lumbia University, 1955), pp.13-14. Wednesday, May 19, 1976 I agree with Lewontin that these assump 75 Ibid. tions, theories and practices--espoused over Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, on Fri 78Ibid. day, May 7, 1976, I filed suit in the U.S. the past decade by the majority of educators, 77 R. c. Nichols and W. c. Bilbo, "The Diag social and behavd.oral scientists--are bank nosis of Twin Zygosity," Acta Genettca et district court challenging the constitu rupt. I refuted many month ago." "Assum Statistics Medica, Vol. 16 (1966), pp. 265- tionality of the "automatic annual" pay ing that Alfert has read the references c~ted 275. raises for Members of Congress. Because in her own article, she must have known that 78 Hirsch, "Biosocial Consequences... of the interest in this case, I am today this statement was untrue before she wrote 'le P. A. P. Moran, "A Note on Heritablllty inserting into the RECORD copies of the the article for this journal. . . . Yet she and the Correlation Between Relatives," An complaint and application for a three continues to perpetuate a falsehood." 111 (p. nals of Human Genetics, Vol. 37 ( 1973) , p. 212) He later continued: "Dr. Alfert is grasp 217. judge court to hear and determine the ing at straws. Her careless research methods so A. R. Jensen, "Another Look at Cul constitutionality questions raised by the are displayed first in the fact that even after ture-Fair Testing," in T. A. Shellhammer, suit. On May 10, 1976, Judge Gerhard I had refuted her claim . . . she still did not chairman, Measurement for Educational Gesell issued a notice requesting a three take the trouble to seek out the truth on Planning (Princeton: The Seventeenth An judge district court. On May 14, Judge this matter." 96 (p. 219) nual Western Regional Conference on Test Bazelon issued an order for a three-judge (Fig. 8. First quotation unchanged from ing Problems, Educational Testing Service, court to hear this case in the near future. H. J. Eysenck, Race, Intelligence and Educa 1968)' p. 94. [In the U.S. District Court for the District of tion (London: Temple Smith, 1971), p. 22. 81 M. H. Haller, Eugenics: Hereditarian At Columbia, Civil Action] Second quotation unchanged from A. R. Jen titudes in American Thought (New Bruns sen. "Race and the Genetics of Intelligence; wick: Rutgers University Press, 1963), p. APPLICATION FOR THREE-JUDGE COURT A Reply to Lewontin," Bulletin of the Atomic 112. Larry Pressler, U.S. House of Representa Scientists 1. 25, No.5 (1970), p. 18.) Bll F. H. Osborn, Encyclopedia Britannica tives, Washington, D.C., Plaintiff, v. Wil It is unmistakably clear that Jensen be (Chicago: Wm. Benton, Vol. 8, 1966), p. liam E. Simon, Secretary of the Treasury, lieves writers will deliberately misrepresent 816. Department of the Treasury, Washington, in order to hoodwink their readers. There 83 R. D. Tuddenham, in L. Postman (ed.), D.C.; Francis R. Valeo, Secretary of the U.S. fore, let us now examine one of the issues Psychology in the Making (New York: Senate, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.; Ken in the Jensen-Alfert dispute because in Knopf, 1962), p. 487. neth R. Harding, Sergeant-at-Arms of the the very publication abusing Alfert with 8( W. Healy, The Individual Delinquent U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. House of "fatuous falsehood," etc., Jensen provides (Boston: Little, Brown, 1915), p. 80. Representatives, Washington, D.C., Defend evidence which can now be evaluated in the s:s A. Binet, Les Idees Modernes sur les En ants. light of further unam'biguous evidence Jen fants (Paris: Flammarion, 1909), p. 143. Plaintiff hereby makes application for the sen himself provides on that same issue se " ••• the intelligence of anyone is cap convening of a three-judge court pursuant three years later in the 67-p·age self-serving able of development; with exercise, with to 28 U.S.C. § 2282 to hear and determine the Preface to the 1972 reprinting of HER. And training and especially methodically, one can above-captioned action. In accordance with let us apply to Jensen the very criteria Jen succeed in improving one's attention, mem Local Rule 1-11, plaintiff submits herewith sen so readily applies to others. Exhibit 1 : ory, judgment, and in becoming llterally a Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Jenesn's Rejoinder to Alfert: " ..• U.S. News more intelligent than before ... what counts support of this application. and World Report interviewed me . . . after in intelligent behavior is not so much the LARRY PRESSLER, Pro se. learning about the [HER] article ... they strength of the ab111ties as the way in which Dated: April , 1976. requested a prepublication copy which I ... they are used, that is to say the art of intelll provided." (p. 214) Exhibit 2: Jensen in 1972 gence, and that art must necessarily improve [In the U.S. District Court for the District book: " ... I was visited ... by a ... writer with practice." (My translation.) of Columbia, ClvU Action] from the U.S. News and World Report . .. . tn B. Rimland, Infantile Autism (New York: CoMPLAINT FOR DEcLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE He knew nothfng of the HER article ... I RELIEF 1111 Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1964), pp. 140 and told my visitor about the HER article." 141. (p. 13) Larry Pressler, u.s. House of Representa Exhibit 3: Alfert's original Comment: " ... 88 H. F. Harlow and G. Grlffin, "Induced tives, Washington, D.C., Plaintiff, v. W1111am Jensen released the text of his article to Mental and Social Deficits in Rhesus Mon E. Simon, Secretary of the Treasury, Depart ment of the Treasury, Washington, D.C.; u.s. News and World Report • . . before keys," inS. F. Osler and R. E. Cooke (eds.), (it] ... was to be published." 100 (p. 207) The Biosocial Basis of Mental Retardation Francis R. Va.leo, Secretary of the U.S. Sen The last is a quotation from a statement (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1965), ate, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.; Kenneth by Her editors appearing in the Alfert art pp.87-106. R. Harding, Sergeant-at-Arms of the U.S. icle, against which Jensen levels the charges • Jensen, Genetics and Education. House of Representatives, U.S. House of Re of "fatuous falsehood," etc. 90 R. B. Cattell, Advertisement for The I.Q. presentatives, Washington, D.C., Defendants. Do Jensen's own published words--Exhibit Argument (American title of Pn. 91) by H. .TtTRISDICTION 1-give the lie to Jensen's own published J. Eysenck, The New York Review of Books 1. This action seeks a declaratory judg words-Exhibit 2? When he fs impugning (October 21, 1971), p. 89. ment that provisions of the Federal Salary Alfert, the magazine (I give more context n H. J. Eysenck, Race, Intelligence and Act of 1967 and of the Executive Salary Cost here) "interviewed me on the topic after Education (London: Temple Smith, 1971) . of-Living Adjustment Act which set forth learning about the article... (p. 214) Then, 112 Actually February, 1969, but 1968 is 1n procedures to establish new rates of com three years later (again, I give more context) Lewontin's text. pensation for Members of Congress are void he reveals on page 13 that their "staff writ in that they are violative of Article I, Sec 113 Lewontin, op. cit. er .... knew nothing of Her article, but was tion 1, and Article I, Section 6, Clause 1 of e~. Eysenck, Race. on the Berkeley campus to interview . . • 96 A. R. Jensen, "1. Race and the Genetics of the Constitution of the United States. This faculty concerning a story he was preparing Intelllgence: A Reply to Lewontin," Bulletin action also seeks a permanent injunction to on 'campus unrest' .... In the course of the prohibit defendants, who are Secretary of the of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 25, (May 1970), interview, I told my visitor about the Her pp.17-23. Treasury, Secretary of the United States Sen article and I gave h1m a Xerox copy of my ate and Sergeant-at-Arms of the United typescript." (Italics added tor emphasis in ee Jensen, Genetics and Ed.ucatfon States House of Representatives, from re 111 all of the above, except for magazine title.) A. R. Jensen, "Rejoinder: The Promotion quisitioning, authoriz1ng payment of or dis Since the publtshed text occupies 123 of Dogmatism," Journal of Social Issues, Vol. bursing increases in congressional salaries printed pages, how many hundreds of type XXV, No.4 (1969), pp: 212-217. effected pursuant to the Federal Salary Act script pages had to be Xeroxed for the ad 88 Ibid., pp. 219-222. of 1967 or the Executive Salary Cost-of-Liv vance publ1city and propaganda purposes? It • Jensen, Genetics and Education. ing Adjustment Act. can be asked of Jensen and his fans: which 100 E. Alfert, "Comment on: The Promotion 2. This action arises under Article I, Sec one of the two contradictory accounts, by of Prejudice," Journal of Social Issues, Vol. tion 1, and Article I, Section 6, Clause 1 of self-serving Jensen of the same event, is hfa XXV, No.4 (1969), pp. 206-211. "Response to the Constitution of the United States, under "fatuous falsehood" and is now to be con- Jensen's Rejoinder," pp. 217-219. Section 225(f) (A) of the Federal Salary Act May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14709 of 1967, 2 u.s.a. 1 356 (A) (Pub. L. 90-206, dent's recommendations become effective 30 Court from requisitioning, authorizing the Title II, 81 Stat. 642) and under Section following transmittal of the budget, unless payment of increases, and disbursing the 204(a) of the Executive Salary Cost-of-Liv in the meantime other rates have been en increases in congressional salaries, defend ing Adjustment Act, 2 u.s.a.§ 31, as amended acted by law or at least one House of Con ants will disburse increased congressional sal (Pub. L. 94-82, Title II; 89 Stat. 419), as here gress has enacted legislation which spe aries adjusted in contravention of constitu inafter more fully appears. Jurisdiction 1s cifically disapproves of all or part of the rec tional requirements, violating the rights of conferred on this court by 28 u.s.a. § 1331, ommendations. A copy of the 1967 Act is at plainti1I described herein and working upon 28 U.S.C. § § 2201-2202. Venue 1s properly tached hereto as Exhibit A. plaintiff an unusual hardship or an irrep laid 1n this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391 10. The first Commission was appointed in arable injury and damage for which there (e) . There eXists between the parties an act July, 1968 and made its recommendations to exists no adequate remedy at law. ual controversy, justifiable in character, in the President in December, 1968. The Presi COUNT n respect of which plaintiff requests a declara dent's pay recommendations took effect in 18. Plainti1I repeats and realleges each of tion of his rights by this Court. The matter March, 1969, and congressional salaries were the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 in controversy exceeds, exclusive of interest increased from $30,000 to $42,500 per annum. through 7 above. and costs, the sum of ten thousand dollars The United States, through the Secretary of 19. The Executive Salary-Cost-of-Living ($10,000). the Treasury, the Secretary of the United Adjustment Act became law August 9, 1975 PARTIES States Senate, and the Sergeant-at-Arms of (the "1975 Act"). Pub. L. 94-82. The 1975 Act 3. Plaintiff Larry Pressler is a citizen of the House of Representatives authorized the provides for an automatic annual cost-of the United States and a taxpayer of the payment of increases in congressional com living adjustment in the salaries of certain United States. Plaintiff is also a Member of pensation and disbursed said increases to executive legislative and judicial officers and the House of Representatives from the First Members of Congress. employees of the United States, including Congressional District of the State of South 11. The second Commission was appointed Members of Congress. Section 204 (a) of the Dakota. in December, 1972, too late to report to the 195 Act amended 2 u.s.a.§ 31, the statutory 4. Defendant William E. Simon is an offi President by January 1, 1973. As a result, the provision relating to compensation for Mem cer of the United States. He is sued in his President's pay recommendations based on bers of Congress, to provide that the annual official capacity as Secretary of the Treasury the second Commission's report were sub rate of pay for Members of Congress would of the United States, with official residence mitted to Congress on Febraury 4, 1974. The be the rate established pursuant to Presi in Washington, D.C. It is his duty, pursuant Committee on Post Office and Civil Service dential recommendation under the 1967 Act, to 31 u.s.a. § 1002, to issue warrants author reported a resolution (S. Res·. 293) on Feb as annually and automatically increased by izing the payment of monies out of the Trea ruary 28, 1974, which would have permitted a cost-of-living adjustment. Such automatic sury of the United States. all provisions of the President's proposal to annual cost-of-living adjustment in all of 5. Defendant Francisco R. Valeo is an of take effect, except those providing adjust ments in the pay of Members of Congress. the salaries covered by the 1975 Act, including ficer or employee of the United States. He is the salaries of Members of Congress, is equal sued in his official capacity as Secretary of The Senate, however, amended the Resolu tion to disapprove all of the President's rec in amount to the overall percentage of in the United States Senate, with official resi ommendations and rejected the entire pro crease made in the rates of pay of federal em dence in Washington, D.C. It is his duty, posal on March 6, 1974. ployees covered by the General Schedule, pursuant to 2 u.s.a. § 64, to requisition 12. According to the statutory scheme, the which increase is made pursuant to Presi monies for the payment of congressional next Commission is scheduled to be ap dential recommendation authorized by 5 salaries and to disburse such salaries to the pointed in 1976 and to report its recommen u.s.a. § 5305. The adjustment in salaries Members of the United States Senate. dations to the President no later than Jan covered by the 1975 Act becomes effective at 6. Defendant Kenneth R. Harding is an uary 1, 1977. the beginning of the first pay period starting officer or employee of the United States. He 13. Insofar as they provide a mechanism on or after the first day of the month in is sued in his official capacity as Sergeant-at for adjusting salaries of Members of Con which the adjustment in General Schedule Arms of the United States House of Repre gress, the foregoing procedures authorized salaries under 5 u.s.a. § 5305 takes place. A sentatives, with official residence in Wash by the 1967 Act are repugnant to Article I, copy of the 1975 Act is attached hereto as ington, D.C. It is his duty, pursuant to 2 Section 1 and Article I, Section 6, Clause 1 Exhibit B. u.s.a. §§ 78 and 80, to requisition monies for of the Constitution of the United States. 20. On October 6, 1975, Executive Order the payment of congressional salaries and Article I, Section 1 provides that "[a.]ll No. 11883, 40 F.R. 47091, ordered that the to disburse such salaries to the Members of Legislative Powers herein granted shall be General Schedule salaries be adjusted and the United States House of Representatives. vested in a. Congress of the United States." that the salaries covered by the 1975 Act be adjusted accordingly. As a result, salaries of THREE-JUDGE COURT Article, I, Section 6, Clause 1 provides that "[t]he Senators and Representatives shall Members of Congress were increased from 7. As appears more fully in the Applica receive a. Compensation for their Services, to $42,500 to $44,600 per annum. A copy ot tion for Three-Judge Court and the support be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Executive Order No. 11883 18 attached hereto ing Memorandum of Points and Authorities Treasury of the United States." Properly in as Exhibit c. submitted herewith pursuant to Local Rule terpreted in light of the intentions of the 21. Pursuant to the provisions of said Ex 1-11, this is a. proper case for determina draftsmen of the Constitution, those con ecutive Order, the United States, through the tion by a three-judge court pursuant to 28 stitutional provisions require that congres Secretary of the Treasury, the secretary of u.s.a. §§ 2282 inasmuch as plaintiff seeks an sional salaries be determined by the legisla •the United States Senate, and the sergeant injunction to restrain the enforcement, op tive branch by specific enactment in each at-Arms of the House of Representatives eration and execution of 2 u.s.a. § 356(A) instance. Under the 1967 Act, however, con authorized the payment of increases in the and 2 u.s.a. § 31, as amended, on the ground gressional salaries are ascertained by Presi congressional compensation and disbursed that such statutory provisions are violative dential recommendation. said increases to the Members of Congress. of Article I, Section 1 and Article I, Section 14. The acts of defendants in disbursing 22. Insofar as they provide a mechanism 6, Clause 1 of the Constitution of the United the increased salary to Members of Congress for adjusting the salaries of Members of States. have injured and will continue to injure the Congress, the foregoing procedures author COUNT I plaintiff as a United States citizen in that ized by the 1975 Aot are repugnant to Article 8. Plaintiff repeats and realleges each of they deprive him of his right as a citizen to I Section 1 and Article I, Section 6, Clause 1 the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 have Members of Congress accountable for of the Constitution of the United States. through 7 above. increases authorized in their compensation. Article I, Section 1 provides that " [a] 11 leg islative Powers herein gra.Ilited shall be vested 9. The Federal Salary Act of 1967 became 15. The acts of the defendants have in jured and will continue to injure the plain in a Congress of the United States." Article law December 16, 1967 (the "1967 Act"). Pub. I, Section 6, Clause 1 provides that "[t]he L. 90-206, Title II; 2 u.s.a. §§ 351-361. The tiff as a United States taxpayer 1n that they deprive him of his right as a taxpayer to Senators and Representatives shall receive 1967 Act established a Commission on Execu a Compensation for their Services, to be as tive, Legislative and Judicial Salaries (the have tax monies received by the Federal Government expended pursuant to laws en certained by Law, and paid out of the Treas "Commission"). The Commission is required ury of the United States." Properly inter to make recommendations to the President, acted in accordance with the Constitution of the United States. preted in light of the intentions of the drafts at four-year intervals, on the rates of pay men of the Constitution, those constitu for Senators, Representatives, Federal judges, 16. The acts of the defendants have in tional provisions require that congressional cabinet officers and other agency heads, and jured and will continue to injure the plain salaries be determined by the legislative certain other officials in the executive, legis tiff as a Member of the United States House branch by specific enactment in each in lative and judicial branches. The law re of Representatives by interfering with the stance. Under the 1975 Act, however, Con quires that the President, 1n the budget next performance of his constitutional responsl gressional salaries are automatically in submitted by him after receipt of a. report billtles and congressional duties and by de creased 1n an amount based upon Presi of the Commission, set forth his recommen priving him of his constitutional right to dential recommendations With respect to dations with respect to the exact rates of vote on each adjustment proposed in con General Schedule sala.ries. pay he deems advisable for those om.ces and gressional salaries. . 23. The acts of defendants 1n disburs1ng positions covered by the 1967 Act. The Prest- 17. Unless defendants are enjoined by this the increased salary to Members of Congress 14710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 have injured and will continue to injure and execution of provisions of the Federal bution of thousands of pamphlets, the plaintiff as a United States citizen in that Salary Act of 1967 (2 U.S.C. §§ 351-361) and State of Florida has put criminals on they deprive him of his right as a citizen of the Executive Salary Cost-of-Living Ad notice that the days of easy living were to ·have Members of Congress accountable justment Act (2 U.S.C. § 31, as amended) for increases authorized in their compensa on the ground of their repugnance to Ar gone-no longer will they be on the street tion. ticle I, Section 1 and Article I, Section 6, the day after committing a crime. Flor 24. The acts of the defendants have injured Clause 1 of the Constitution of the United ida's law promised criminals who com a.nd wlll continue to injure the plaintiff as a States. The complaint does not raise frivo mit serious crimes at least a 3-year man United States taxpayer in that they deprive lous issues. Therefore the undersigned Dis datory sentence, and possible life im him of his right a.s a taxpayer to have ta.x trict Court Judge requests the Chief Judge prisonment. monies received by the Federal Government of the Circuit to convene a Three-Judge expended pursuant to laws enacted in ac District Court under 28 U.S.C. § 2284. Sheriff Walt Pellicer, chairman of the cordance with the Constitution of the GERHARD A. GESELL, board of the Florida Sheriff's Association United States. United States District Judge. says that in the 6 months the new law 25. The acts of the defendants have in· May 10, 1976. has been in effect, armed robberies in jured and will continue to injure the plain his area around Palatka, Fla., have num tiff as a Member of the United States House bered only two, where prior to the law. of Representatives by interfering with the were running two or three a week. performance of his constitutional responsi THE FAILURE OF OUR CRIMINAL With Americans growing weary of b111ties and congressional duties and by de JUSTICE SYSTEM TO DEAL WITH priving him of his constitutional right to crime and of the failure of our criminal vote on each adjustment proposed in con CRIMINALS justice system to deal with criminals, it gressional salaries. is hoped that other States will follow 26. Unless defendants are enjoined by this suit and pass tough mandatory sen Court from requisitioning, authorizing the HON. JOH1 B. CONLAN tencing laws that go after criminals who payment of increases, and disbursing the in OF ARIZONA commit violent crimes. Proof continues creases in congressional salaries, defendants IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will disburse increased congressional salaries to mount showing that mandatocy sen adjusted in contravention of constitutional Wednesday, May 19, 1976 tencing laws, when carefully drafted, do requirements, violating the rights of plain Mr. CONLAN. Mr. Speaker, there is a work without infringing on the rights ef tiff described herein and working upon law-abiding citizens. plaintiff an unusual hardship or an irrepara strong and deep feeling among the ma ble injury and damage for which there exists jority of my people in Arizona that fur no adequate remedy at law. ther gun controls will do nothing to curb WHEREFORE, plaintiff prays: crime. We have ample evidence-based REFORM OF THE RAPE LAWS AT 1. That pla.tntiff have a judgment and de on practical experience-that gun con THE FEDERAL LEVEL cree of this Court declaring his rights and trol as a deterrent to criminals and crim status, and more particularly adjudicating: inal violence is not even cosmetic. More (a) That the 1967 Act is void and uncon and more of our citizens, and more and stitutional insofar as it establishes proce more of my colleagues have come to agree HON. JOE MOAKLEY dures for adjusting congressional rates of pay OF MASSACHUSETI'S and salaries; and that what we need in crime control is a (b) That the 1975 Act is void and uncon concept of law that deals with those who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stitutional insofar as it establishes proce commit crime. And they have come to Wednesday, May 19, 1976 dures for adjusting congressional rates of agree that mandatory sentencing laws pa.y and salaries. carefully drafted-do work. And they Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, today I 2. That this Court issue a permanent in work well. would like to submit another in a series junction restraining defendants, and each In Arizona, for example, the law now of letters which I haTe received in re of them and their agents, servants, em provides a mandatory sentence for any sponse to H.R. 13237, a bill to revise the ployees and attorneys, and all persons in rape provisions in title 18 G>f the United active concert or participation with them, one who commits armed robbery. With from requisitioning, authorizing the pay that law there is growing proof that the States Code. ment of, or disbursing any future increases concept is good. According to the survey Organizations as well as individuals in congreSBlonal salaries effected pursuant done by the Phoenix Police Department. have taken the time to supply me with to the 1967 Act or the 1975 Act. armed robberies decreased 24.3 percent their remarks concerning the bill. 3. That this Court accord cZe facto validity in the first year-and-a-half of the new to the past acts of defendants, their agents, One such letter was reaeived from Ms. servants, employees and attorneys, and all law while crimes not covered by the man Laurie Robinson, assistaBt staff director persons in active concert or participation datory sentencing law increased and now for the American Bar Association's Sec with them, in requisitioning, authorizing the Arizona House of Representatives tion of Criminal Justice, in Washing the payment of, and disbursing past in has passed some of the toughest anti ton, D.C. creases in congressional salaries effected crime legislation possible. Instead of dis It follows: pursuant to the 1967 Act and the 1976 Act. arming the law-abiding citizen, the law DEAR CONGRESSMAN MOAKLEY: In answer 4. That this Court stay, for such period as would set mandatory prison sentences the Court believes reasonably adequate for to your March 31 letter to ABA Criminal Congress, if it so desires, to further ascer for anyone who commits a crime of vio Justice Section Staff Director H. Lynn Ed tain congressional salaries "by Law". the lence with a firearm. For those convicted wards regarding H.R. 1160S, we are pleased to Court's judgment insofar as it affects the it means prison for at least five years. No enclose a copy of the ABA policy regarding authority of defendants to requisition, au probation. No pardon. No parole. No com ra.pe. This was adopted by the Association's thorize the payment of, and disburse con mutation or suspension of sentences. No House of Delegates in February 1975. From gressional salaries at the current rate of plea-bargaining. That's the right kind of our ailla.lysis it appears that your blll is con pay, in order to afford Congress an oppor anticrime law. It deals with the right ele sistent with the ABA recommendations. tunity to ascertain congressional salaries "by ment, the criminal. The Criminal Justice Section Committee Law", in accord with the reqUirements of Although mandatory sentencing, in on Women and Criminal Justice, chaired by the Constitution of the United States. Judge Sylvia Bacon of Washington, D.C .• 5. That this Court grant plaintiff such practice, is a relatively new approach to other and further relief as may be just and the problem of crime, elsewhere early helped to draft the ABA policy in this area. proper. statistics are proving that it does deter and is extremely interested in legislative LABaY PREsSLER, Prose. crime. proposals to implement such reforms. The Dated: May 7, 1976. committee is most interested 1.n following In Florida, the results of a tough new this issue, and, subject to necessary Asso- mandatory sentencing law is lending con [In the u.s. District Court for the District ciation approval. would be interested in tes of Columbia, Civil Action No. 76-782] siderable weight to arguments by those tifying at any hearings held on this legisla NOTICE of us who maintain that the most e1fec tion. Larry Pressler, Plaintiff, v. William E. tive way to reduce gun crimes is to con Thank you for having contacted our Sec Simon, et al., Defendants. trol criminals, not planning how to elim tion regarding this bill. An application !or a Three-Judge District inate the constitutional right to keep and Sincerely, Court has been made in this case. Pla.lnt11f bear arms. LAURIE ROBINSON, seeks to enjoin the enforcement, operation Using television. radio and the cUstri- Assistant Staff Director. May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14711 PREMERGER NOTIFICATION, WAIT time to analyze this data and prepare a the House of Representatives during the ING, AND STAY LEGISLATION case, if there is one. Without informa 84th Congress. Similar bills were also tion and time, the antitrust agencies passed by the Senate Judiciary Com have no real chance to win a court in mittee during the 84th Congress; by the junction against the merger. This is House Judiciary Committee during the HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. often the case right now: Merging com 85th Congress; and by the Senate Anti OF NEW JERSEY panies presently have no legal obligation trust and Monoply Subcommittee on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to notify the Government before a three prior occasions. In five successive Wednesday, May 19, 1976 merger goes through, nor any obligation messages to Congress, President Eisen to furnish information relevant to the hower urged adoption of such legislation. Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the bill merger's legality, nor any obligation to I myself wrote the committee's report that I have introduced, H.R. 13131, will wait for even a few weeks while the Gov on the 1961 premerger notification and stengthen enforcement of the Federal ernment analyzes this information and waiting bill, which was strongly backed antimerger law by amending section 7 hurriedly tries to prepare its case. by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. of the Clayton Act. Like other antitrust H.R. 13131 will change this current Though none of these bills were ever bills already favorably considered by the state of affairs: enacted, continuing support for them House Judiciary Subcommittee on Mo First. Parties to large mergers-the led the FTC to institute its own merger nopolies-the parens patriae bill and ones most likely to violate Clayton sec notification program in 1969. However, the Antitrust Civil Process Act amend tion 7-will have to notify DOJ and FTC as FTC Chairman Paul Rand Dixon ments-this bill does not change the about the merger 30 days before it takes then conceded, this program is volun existing substantive standards of the law place. tary, not mandatory. No one is required in any way. Second. They will also have to supply to notify the FTC before the merger At present, mergers and acquisitions these two merger enforcement agencies occurs-and many notifications are thus violate Clayton section 7 if they "may with relevant information about the not received until after the merger has tend to substantially lessen competition, competitive effects of the proposed been completed, and "the eggs are or tend to create a monopoly." Most vio merger. scrambled." Nor does the FTC program lations of this legal standard occur when Third. Finally, they will have to wait- impose any premerger waiting period. corporations merge with, buy out, or they may not complete their merger un Waiting, like advance notification, is in otherwise acquire their competitors. til the Government has had 30 or more the discretion of the merging parties. These mergers are illegal because they days to analyze the data and, if the Soon, the full Senate will begin con eliminate competition from small or merger appears to be illegal, at least a sidering on a bill almost identical to this medium-size independent firms, while few weeks to prepare the Government's one. President Ford and Attorney Gen helping the buyer achieve uncontested case. eral Levi support its two major provi monopoly power in national, regional, or Thus, if this bill's premerger notifica sions-the premerger notification and local markets. tion and waiting requirements are en waiting requirements. However, the ad Indeed, this was how John D. Rocke acted into law, the Government will have ministration does not support the bill's feller built up the first illegal monopoly, a fair and realistic chance to challenge additional provisions on antimerger the Standard Oil of New Jersey empire- illegal mergers before they occur. preliminary injunctions. These would he simply bought up most of his com No longer could the merging parties shift the burden of proof from the Gov petitors, until finally only Standard Oil wait to notify the Government until the ernment's shoulders-where it presently remained. Though the Supreme Court day before the merger. No longer could rests-and place it upon the merging broke up the Standard Oil monopoly in they sit back, ignore Government re parties. This is only a change in proce 1911, Congress remained concerned over quests for relevant data, and watch DOJ dure, not substance, but it is a significant the dangerous economic, social, and po and FTC frantically and futilely attempt one, and is also opposed by the American litical effects that result when control of to prepare a complex case in a few short Bar Association and some members of an entire industry is concentrated in a days. the investment banking community. It few hands. These concerns, coupled with These illegal "midnight mergers" have is the only truly controversial provision other dismaying decords of turn-of-the occurred again and again in past years. in the bill, and my subcommittee will century monopolistic excesses, directly The hann they cause is awesome, and give it careful study. led to the enactment of Clayton section often irreparable. That is because once 7 in 1914. the merger is completed, the assets and As the Supreme Court has repeatedly management of formerly independent SUSAN LUKER: OUTSTANDING pointed out, the best and most effective firms are inextricably combined. More 4-H AMBASSADOR way the Government can achieve the over, even if the merger is ultimately goal of this antimerger law-to stop mo held to be illegal, untangling the merger HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER nopolies before they are created-is by by divesting the illegally acquired firm OF WISCONSIN is about as easy as unscrambling the eggs stopping an illegal merger before it takes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place. The only way the Government can in an omelette. do this is by going into court, and win Thus, divestiture cases are notoriously Wednesday, May 19, 1976 ning a preliminary injunction that halts protracted and often futile proceedings. Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. the proposed merger before it is con The El Paso Natural Gas case took 17 Speaker, I am exceedingly pleased tore summated. years, and went to the Supreme Court port that the young person named as the At present, both the Federal Trade six d11ferent times. ThJs judicial horror, Outstanding Senior 4-H'er at the Na Commission and the Antitrust Division commonly known as "the unnatural gas tional 4-H Conference held here in have the right to do this. But un case." is just one illustration of the v&Bt Washington 3 weeks ago was Miss Susan fortunately, it often is only an empty and long-enduring anttcompettttve harm. Luker, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Leon and theoretical right. This is because astonishing judicial burdens, and incal Luker of Oshkosh. A number of my col both these antitrust enforcement agen culable costs that result from clearly n leagues will remember meeting Miss cies can win the court battle only by legal "midntght mergers." Another exam Luker when she dellvered the closing showing that the merger is probably il ple is the FTC's Pillsbury divestiture prayer at the 4-H Congressional break legal, and will clearly cause irreparable fiasco, which went on for 14 fruitless fast on Tuesday morning, April 27. injury to the public. To prove that, the years, after which the FTC simply gave I want to commend Miss Luker not Government must first analyze and then up in despair. only on her record of achievement In 4-B present a great mass of economic evi Finally, I emphasize that this bill is activities but also for the many good dence about the merging firms, their not new or hastily drawn legislation. In will appearances she made here in the control over the market, and the history fact, similar premerger notification and Nation's Capital during the last week in of the industry. waiting bills were sponsored by this com April. She proved to be a first-class am Plainly, the Government needs ad mittee's former Chairman Emanuel Ce bassador for Wisconsin's Sixth District, vance information about the merger, and ler, and passed by a unanimous vote in and her hometown can be justly proud. CXXII--928-Part 12 14712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 19, 1976 EVALUATION OF' FOOD STAMP than adequate. It can be cut down by Ex Committee on Resources, L&nd Use, and PROGRAM tension Service pamphlets on budgeting, food Energy as a service to the citizens of Cali storage and preparation, nutrition, and low fornia who face a monumental decision on cost recipes. nuclear power. Whlle we belleve these docu HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY Classroom teaching can be done by retired ments will aid those who are confused ob elderly persons, and persons who are out of servers o! the nucleM debate as it is now OF IOWA work. The classroom experience would bring focused on Proposition 15 (The Nuclear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES young, middle-age, and elderly together for Power Plants Initiative), we hope their use Wednesday, May 19, 1976 social and mental enrichment; and maybe fulness will transcend the 1mmediate de independence. cision to be made on June 8. In preparing Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, re NEW RELATIONSHIPS WITH OLDER ADULTS CLASS these documents the committee has adopted cently, Mrs. Edna Gudzus, a social serv SUMMARY a neutral stance. Because of the emotional ices homemaker in Iowa, was kind enough Meeting places could be churches, schools, pitch o! the debate, this has been a stance to submit to me a report regarding her or other public buildings. difficult to maintain. However, we believe evaluation of the food stamp program. we have been successful. DISCUSSION AND/ OR EVALUATION OF THE CHARLES WARREN, She has had years of experience dealing PROGRAM Chairman. with the needy, and food stamp recip Having to manage on less food stamps will CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ients, and clearly is well informed on the require careful shopping and planning with subject. extra study on nutrition. The class work will The Assembly Committee on Resources. be a guide on how to manage the food needs Land Use, and Energy and its predecessors This morning, the House Agriculture have been observing and debating nuclear Committee spent a good deal of time de !or the family, single person, and elderly. Talking and meeting people of different safety issues since 1971. In June Proposition bating whether or not food stamps ages with some of the same problems may 15 wm also make voters direct participants should be restricted to use for nutritious very well stimulate self-improvement and in this debate. Bcause of the compleXity of foods only. Unfortunately, the committee pride. the issue and the gravity o! the decision to saw fit not to include such a restriction be made, the committee conducted 15 days of hearings primarily to provide informa in the bill it is considering. It is my hope tion to the public, as an alternative to the that each and every member of that CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE PRO emotionallsm and sloganeering that accom committee will review the findings of POSES METHOD TO REASSESS panies initiative campaigns. While the com Mrs. Gudzus, printed below, so that be NUCLEAR ENERGY plete record of these hearings is now avail fore a final measure is passed, we can in able, the committee realizes few will have corporate some of her suggestions. the time or the energy to absorb the entire The material follows: HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. 4,000 pages. This analysis has been }X"o duced for those who want a deeper under NEW RELATIONSHIPS WrrB OLDER ADULTS OF CALIFORNIA standing o! the debate in a condensed format CLASS SUMlloURY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where both sides are presented. This report STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Wednesday, May 19, 1976 does not recommend how to vote on Propo This 1s a Food Stamp study to find out sition 15. But it does present what the com what is happening to the elderly and low-in Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak mittee believes to be a sound logical frame come people on the Food Stamp program. er, there has been considerable national work to aid in the decision. It provides some The study of 42 households involving 128 attention on the California nuclear ini well considered reasons !or either supporting persons; including 12 elderly singles and one tiative, which is on the ballot on June 8 or rejecting the Nuclear Initiative. elderly couple. The study was made by send as proposition 15. Less attention has been Proposition 15 does not ask the voter to ing a form out with Homemakers and Exten paid to the fact that members of the decide whether nuclear power is in fact safe. sion Service Food Aides. I plan to send this It asks the voter to decide, given recent evi study to Congressman Chuck Grassley. California Legislature have been dill dence and disputes 1n scientlftc ranks, 1! Why do some people run out of food, and gently investigating this subject since there 1s sufficient doubt about the claimed others have plenty? Is it possible to cut costs 1971. In fact, the fate of proposition 15 safety to warrant an independent reassess of the program? Is it possible to motivate may be decided by a vote of the legisla ment o! the entire U.S. nucleM power pro elderly, low-income, and SSI persons to eat ture on several bills which address the gram by the State of California. The ut111ties better? same subject, although in a different in this state are increasing th~ stakes o! this BACKGROUND AND/OR REVIEW OF LITEB.ATURll! J'OR manner. decision by their plan for heavy dependence THE PROGRAM: Assemblyman Charles Warren, who is on nuclear power 1n the next twenty years. As a Homemaker, my experience with a chairman of the assembly committee on This analysis presents a st~p-by-step family on Food Stamps over more than 2 resources, land use, and energy, has method which takes the often confusing set years are: Twice they came near running of information available and helps one come out of stamps; the famUy eats well. Yes, especially attempted to focus the debate to an informed judgment on the merits of there 1s waste here too. The Food Stamps to allow voters an opportunity to under Proposition 15. have bought Ohristmas gifts. Wedding gifts stand the fundamental issues. To this Step 1. Is there a need. tor a reassessment? and church donations, o! course, were given end, the California Legislature has pub The fundamental task is to examine the in Food, not Stamps. The family of 4 (3 boys, lished "A Policy Analysis of Proposition underpinnings o! the questions and concerns 1 adult) since January 1st have managed 15 and Its Alternatives." on the implications of a growing commit well on only hal! their Food Stamp allow I do not intend to insert all, or even ment to nuclear power which have been ance each month. most of this material in the RECORD, but expressed, and determine 1! they are real, 1! Mr. Denise Daly, Representative o! Food & they have been resolved, or if they remain Nutrition Service, reminded me that the Food I do wish to present today and in the fu ture, that material which I believe will unanswered. This guide 1n examlnlng those Stamp program is for food only. Nonie Eng concerns notes that some of the problems land, Iowa State Extension service, informed help Members in assessing, or reassess are widely acknowledged within the nuclear me that cooking schools !or low-income peo· ing nuclear power during the course of industry and the federal government: ple are poorly attended. their own duties. The class consultants and handouts were 1. No method for the disposal of nuclear It is appropriate to highlight one point wastes has been adopted. most helpful in preparing this summary. from this analysis of the nuclear energy DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM 2. Fuel reprocessing capacity is inadequate debate. "After listening to 120 learned to handle the spent fuel from reactors soon Each Food Stamp recipient should carry witnesses who could not agree on the to be in operation. their own number, and they should sign merits of the initiative or the safety of their name and number at the grocery store 3. Fuel enrichment capacity will soon be each time they shop. Homemakers and people the nuclear power it is clear that no ob exceeded. who may assist the client should also have a jective conclusions can be drawn. The 4. Fuel cycle and construction costs have number. This should curb thievery, misuse of questions involved require value judg been increasing very rapidly for nuclear Food Stamps, and protect the elderly. ments, and the voter is no less equipped plants. Junk food and p·op should be struck from to make such judgments than the most For these "stipulated" problems, the ques the Food Stamp program's purchasing power. brilliant Nobel laureate." tion becomes one of whether they are serious Special consideration of food needs !or the enough to justify a slowdown 1n our nuclear elderly should be given; such as diets advised The excerpts follow: power program pending :further studies. by doctors. I believe it would be wise to add ExCERPTS Other problems involve more controversial laundry, dish, and toUet soap; for cleanliness FOREWORD issues and the nuclear industry contests sake. Have you ever tried to wash dishes Th1s analysis, the tranacrlpta of the 15 both the seriousness and existence of these withoUt soap? days of hearings on whtch it Is balled, and a problems: I believe the Food Stamp allowance 1s more summary voters guide were prepared by the 1. Risks of catastrophic reactor accidents. May 19, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14713 2. A shortage of uranium and the implicit years from the Elks National Founda of the Bureau of Reclamation, the Ap necessity of the breeder reactor. tion. This was the first place award in palachian Regional Commission, the 3. The breakdown rate of nuclear power plants. the national competition for 1976. Tennessee Valley Authority, the Energy 4. Risks of spent fuel transportation acci This year, the Elks National Founda Research and Development Administra dents. tion of the Benevolent and Protective tion and the various power agencies of 5. Protecting bomb-grade fuels from theft. Order of Elks of the U.S.A. is awarding the Federal Government. 6. Storing highly radioactive wastes safely 998 scholarships worth $740,000, the larg The resolution also points out that for hundreds of years. est amount in its 48-year history. Major Congressman EVINs-the Dean of the 7. Limits on the Uabllity of ut111tles and criteria considered in the judging were Tennessee House Delegation-has served reactor manufacturers for a nuclear acci dent. scholastic achievement, financial need, longer in terms of continuous service For these "alleged" problems, one must de leadership, citizenship, resourcefulness, than any other Member of Congress termine both whether the issues are real and, personality, perseverance, patriotism, from Tennessee. if they are, whether the problem is serious. and general worthiness. Competition is The Award of the Phoenix derives its Step 2. How could the reassessment be clone? open to high school seniors only, with no name from the rebirth of CUmberland If the voter has suftlcient doubt about the regard for race, religion, national origin, College following a disastrous fire during implications of the increased use of nuclear or relationship to any member of the Or the War Between the States. Cumber power and believes a reassessment 1s neces der of Elks. Judging is done by a panel of land College--and the Cumberland Law sary, he needs to know if the Initiative is an distinguished Americans, not necessarily School-have been known as "the cradle adequate and/or probable mechanism for members of Elks. conducting that reassessment. In order to do of the Congress." Many Members of Con that one must first examine some general I feel that this scholarship program of gress during the past century were grad reassessment approaches to put Proposition the Order of Elks is a very worthwhile uated from Cumberland. Present Cum 15 into perspective. A fundamental point: and commendable way of serving our berland graduates in the House, in addi Should a reassessment of necessity contain country, by helping many of our young tion to JoEL. EVINS, are Representatives the potential to halt further use of nuclear people to continue their education. 0MAR BURLESON of Texas, ABRAHAM power or can a reassessment be adequately Mr. Mike Montgomery has many won KAZEN of Texas, and myself. The late conducted with continued operational ex derful qualities which were evidenced in perience and expanded nuclear power use? Dean Wright Patman of Texas, was a the winning of this award, and I want to distinguished alumnus of Cumberland. Step 3. How does proposition 15 measure up highly commend him for his wonderful Because of the interest of my col as a reassessment mechanism? achievement. leagues and because of the high regard Much of the controversy over the Initia tive stems from alleged legal and policy and esteem in which we all hold JoE L. problems with its provisions and environ EVINS, I place in the RECORD herewith a. copy of a resolution in connection with mental, social, and economic side effects it CONGRESSMAN JOE L. EVINS RE may create. The voter must decide whether the Award of the Phoenix of Cumberland Proposition 15 is workable and whether any CEIVES AWARD OF THE PHOE College of Tennessee. reassessment it achieves is worth the annoy NIX-HIGHEST ALUMNI AWARD The award and resolution follow: OF CUMBERLAND COLLEGE OF ance and costs it may impose. AWARD OF THE PHOENIX TENNESSEE Step 4. What other viable reassessment Presented to the Honorable JoeL. Evins, U.S. alternatives are there? Representative for the Fourth Congres The state could involve itself in an inde sional District of Tennessee, by Dr. Ernest pendent reassessment of nuclear power in HON. CLIFFORD ALLEN L. Stockton on May 7, 1976, at a meeting a number of ways other than through Propo OP TENNESSEE of the Board of Trustees for Cumberland sition 15. The other methods may be more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES College in Lebanon, Tennessee preferable to the voter than the Initiative The Award: but may also be less likely to occur. The Wednesday, May 19, 1976 In grateful recognition of distinguished voter must weight any shortcomings per contributions to the ideals and traditions ceived in the Initiative against the chances Mr. ALLEN. Mr. Speaker, recently our of this institution. that some other mechanism would be estab colleague from Tennessee, Representa The Citation: lished. tive JoEL. EviNs, who will be concluding Whereas, the Honorable Joe L. Evins, 1934 This analysis does not attempt to draw his congressional service at the end of distinguished alumnus of the School of Law, conclusions. After listening to 120 learned this term, received a high honor from his Cumberland University; and, witnesses who could not agree on the merits alma mater, Cumberland College of Whereas, he was admitted to the Ten of the Initiative or the safety of nuclear Tennessee. nessee Bar in 1934 and engaged in the power it is clear that no objective conclu practice of general law in Smithville, Ten Congressman EviNs received the nessee; and, sions can be drawn. The questions involved Award of the Phoenix, the highest award require value judgments, and the voter is no Whereas, he has been instrumental in less equipped to make such judgments than Cumberland College can bestow on an funding public works projects throughout the most brUllant Nobel laureate. alumnus. He received the award at a the Region to provide needed services for After a brief look at the future the utm luncheon meeting on May 7, last, at our expanding population; and, ties now envision for Ca.llfornia, the analysts tended by members of the board of trus Whereas, he interrupted his civic endeav tees of CUmberland College at Lebanon, ors to defend his country through World turns to a closer examination of the four War n after which he emerged with the principal questions. Tenn., and their wives, officials of the rank of Major; and, college, and friends. He previously re Whereas, in 1946, he surged toward be ceived a law degree from his alma mater. coming a truly outstanding Representative Congressman EviNs is a member of the of the Fourth Congressional District of Ten WINS SCHOLARSHIP AWARD board of trustees of Cumberland and nessee by being elected to the 80th Con has been a longtime leader and supporter gress; and, Whereas, he is the only Congressman HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN of this private institution. elected by secret ballot by his Colleagues as The Award of the Phoenix emphasized Chairman of two Committees--Small Busi OP TENNESSEE Congressman EviNs' accomplishments ness and the Subcommittee on Public Works IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and achievements during his 15 terms- Appropriations; and, Wednesday, May 19, 1976 30 years of service--in the Congress. The Whereas, he demonstrated his national award praised the Congressman for hJs perspective and concern about channeling Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, I would leadership in building America, in pro our nation's natural resources and develop like to bring to the attention of my col viding the leadership for growth and ment by 1n1tiating the projects involving the leagues the outstanding achievement of progress through public works. Tennessee Valley Authority, the Truman a young man from my district, Mr. Mi Dam in Missouri, the advancing of the St. As we all know, JoE has rendered truly Lawrence Seaway, the Central Valley in Cali chael Andrew Montgomery. outstanding service as chairman of the fornia, the Central Arizona, and the Ten Mr. Montgomery, an 18-year-old stu Subcommittee on Public Works Appro- nessee-Tomb1gbee waterway which WU1 bear dent at Elizabethtown High School in priations which funds the vast public an economic impact for twenty-three states; Elizabethtown, Tenn., has been awarded works projects of the Corps of Engi and, a $3,000 a year college scholarship for 4 neers, as well as programs and projects Whereas, he ha8 served longer 1D contlnu- 14714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 20, 1976 ous service than any other Tennessee Con and supported legislation and appropriations his devoted wife, Ann, in making Tennessee gressman and Is recognized as Dean of the for the growth and progress of both private and the United States a better place in which Tennessee Congressional Delegation; and, and public institutions of higher learning; to live and work; and present to him the Whereas, he is a dedicated and outstand Now, therefore, the Board of Trustees Award of the Phoenix, the highest honor that ing citizen who has brought dignity to Cum proudly acknowledges the example and in Cumberland can bestow upon one of her berland, his Alma Mater, and has sponsored fluence of the Honorable Joe L. Evins and graduates.
SENATE-Thursday, May 20, 1976 The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was into executive session to consider a nom AUTHORIZATION FOR SUBCOJMMIT called to order by Hon. DICK CLARK, a ination on the calendar under New TEE ON JUVENil.JE DELINQUENCY Senator from the State of Iowa. Reports. TO MEET UNTil., 2 P.M. There being no objection, the Senate Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in PRAYER proceeded to the consideration of execu view of the difficult circumstances sur The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward tive business. rounding the Subcommittee on Juvenile L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following Delinquency, I ask unanimous consent prayer: DEPARTMENT OF STATE that it be allowed to meet until 2 p.m. today. Eternal Father, for this still moment The seCDnd assistant legislative clerk The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there when all other sounds are hushed save read the nomination '()f Rosemary L. objection? The Chair hears none. and it the divine knocking and the entreating Ginn, of Missouri, to be Ambassador is so ordered. voice breaking the barriers of self-will, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of and echoing across the centuries, "If any the United States of America to Luxem man will open the door, I will come in." bourg. Then come to us, 0 Spirit of Love and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem ARTS, HUMANITIES, AND CULTURAL Purity, cleansing, renewing, strengthen pore. Without objection, the nomination AFFAIRS ACT OF 1976 ing us for the days ahead. Make us to is considered and confirmed. know that above all men and all nations Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, Ire Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Thou standest in majesty, holiness, and quest the President be notified. unanimous consent that the Senate turn judsment. Deliver us from partial dedi The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem to the consideration of Calendar No. 836. cations, from false piety, from hypocrisy, pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill from pretending to be better or worse will be stated by title. than we are. Keep our humanity under The assistant legislative clerk read as Thy grace. LEGISLATIVE SESSION follows: Spare us from substituting cunning for Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I A b111 (S. 3440) to amend and extend the National Foundation on the Arts and Hu conviction, cupidity for consecration, move that the Senate resume the con Inanities Act of 1965, to provide for the im deftness for dedication. Keep us true to sideration of legislative business. provement of museum services, to provide our high calling as servants of the com The motion was agreed to, and the for cultural challenge programs, an arts edu mon good, that radiant joy may transfig Senate resumed the consideration of leg cation program and an American Bicenten ure every duty and the tasks of this and islative business. nial Photography and Film Project, and for every day may be met with purity and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem other purposes. power and grace, to the honor of Thy pore. The Chair recognizes the distin The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there name and for the welfare of the Nation. guished minority leader. objection to the request of the Senator Amen. Mr. HUGH SCOTT. Mr. President, I from Montana? yield back my time. There being no objection, the Senate APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI proceeded to consider the bill. DENT PRO TEMPORE ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I send to the desk an amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk The ACTING PRESIDENT protem The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will please read a communication to the pore. Under the previous order, there will state the amendment. Senate from the President pro tempore will now be a period for the transaction The assistant legislative clerk read as (Mr. EASTLAND). of routine morning business, not to ex follows: The assistant legislative clerk read the tend beyond the hour of 12 noon, with The Senator from Montana (Mr. MANs following letter: statements therein limited to 5 minutes. FIELD) proposes an amendment on page 1, u.s. SENATE, Une 6, strike "Progress" and Insert "pro PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, gram." Washington, D.C., May 20, 1976. RECESS UNTIL 11:35 A.M. Page 18, line 18, strike "Definition" and To the Senate: insert "Definitions." Being temporarily absent from the Senate Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Page 19, Une 4, before the period insert on official duties, I appoint Hon. DICK CLARK, ask unanimous consent that the Sen81te "organized on a permanent baals for essen a Senator from the State of Iowa, to perform stand in recess until the hour of 11:35 tially educational or esthetic purposes, which, the duties of the Chair during my absence. a.m. today. utilizing a professional sta1f, owns and uti JAMES 0. EASTLAND, There being no objection, the Senate, izes tangible objects, cares for them, and Presid.ent pro tempore. at 11 :04 a.m., recessed until 11:35 a.m.; exhibits them to the public on a regular basis". Mr. CLARK thereupon took the chair whereupon, the Senate reassembled as Acting President pro tempore. when called to order by the Presiding The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques THE JOURNAL Oftlcer