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Charters: What Survives?
Banner 4-final.qxp_Layout 1 01/11/2016 09:29 Page 1 Charters: what survives? Charters are our main source for twelh- and thirteenth-century Scotland. Most surviving charters were written for monasteries, which had many properties and privileges and gained considerable expertise in preserving their charters. However, many collections were lost when monasteries declined aer the Reformation (1560) and their lands passed to lay lords. Only 27% of Scottish charters from 1100–1250 survive as original single sheets of parchment; even fewer still have their seal attached. e remaining 73% exist only as later copies. Survival of charter collectionS (relating to 1100–1250) GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD from inStitutionS founded by 1250 Our picture of documents in this period is geographically distorted. Some regions have no institutions with surviving charter collections, even as copies (like Galloway). Others had few if any monasteries, and so lacked large charter collections in the first place (like Caithness). Others are relatively well represented (like Fife). Survives Lost or unknown number of Surviving charterS CHRONOLOGICAL SPREAD (by earliest possible decade of creation) 400 Despite losses, the surviving documents point to a gradual increase Copies Originals in their use in the twelh century. 300 200 100 0 109 0s 110 0s 111 0s 112 0s 113 0s 114 0s 115 0s 116 0s 1170s 118 0s 119 0s 120 0s 121 0s 122 0s 123 0s 124 0s TYPES OF DONOR typeS of donor – Example of Melrose Abbey’s Charters It was common for monasteries to seek charters from those in Lay Lords Kings positions of authority in the kingdom: lay lords, kings and bishops. -
Mandaean Human Rights Group
The Mandaean Associations Union 19 ketch road Morristown, NJ 07960, USA +973 292 0309 [email protected] www.mandaeanunion.org Mandaean Human Rights Group Mandaean Human Rights Annual Report March 2008 2 March 23, 2008 Page The Mandaean Human Rights Group is a self organized group dedicated for the help and protection of follow Mandaeans in Iraq and Iran given the situation in those two countries. The Human Rights Group watches, investigates and exposes human rights violations against Mandaeans. We have volunteers in the United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Europe and Iraq. Our model in our work is the United Nation's Human Rights Declaration of 1948. The MHRG is a non profit organization registered at Companies House, UK 6271157. It is a member of the Mandaean Associations Union . Acknowledgment We gratefully acknowledge the dedicated help and advice of many organizations, without which this work would not have been completed. Numbered among them for this edition are: 1. The Mandaean Associations Union. 2. The Spiritual Mandaean Council – Baghdad, Iraq 3. The Mandaean General Assembly – Baghdad, Iraq 4. The Mandaean Human Rights Association- Baghdad, Iraq 5. The Mandaean Society in Jordan. 6. The Mandaean Society in Syria. 7. The Mandaean Society in Australia 8. The Scientific Mandaean Society in Iran 3 March 23, 2008 Page Content: Demography ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P 4 Short History of the Sabian Mandaeans ------------------------------------------------P 4 Sabian -
VWR Circulators and Chillers
VWR Circulators and Chillers Superior Temperature Control Equipment Clockwise from top left: 13721-200, 13721-172, 13721-138, 13721-082 Controllers Table of Contents. Page Product Features. 2-3 Precise Controllers Controllers . 4-5 Choice of four controllers. From state-of-the-art program- VWR Signature` mable designs that provide Refrigerated/Heating ultimate control, to the analog Circulating Baths. 6-10 design that is perfect for less demanding applications. How To Choose A Chiller . 11 VWR Signature Recirculating Chillers . 12-13 VWR Signature Heating Immersion Circulator. 14 Durable Design VWR` Open Bath Systems . 15 Immersed parts and reservoirs are made of corrosion-fighting VWR Signature stainless steel. The exterior Heating Circulating Baths . 16-17 surface is a tough powder coating for easy clean-up. VWR Refrigerated/Heating Circulating Baths. 18-21 VWR Immersion & Flow-Through Coolers . 22 VWR Ambient Bath Cooler. 22 Double Safety VWR Heating Recirculator . 22 Your equipment and work are protected with redundant over VWR Heating Immersion Circulators . 23 temperature and low liquid cutoff standard on all circula- VWR Heating Circulating Baths . 24-25 tors. 60Hz models are CSA approved, 50Hz models carry Accessories . 26 the CE mark. At-a-Glance Chart . 27 Environmentally Responsible VWR Refrigerated Circulators and Chillers use R-134a refrigerant, and no ozone- depleting CFC’s are used in the manufacturing process. All instruments are manufactured in an ISO 9001 accredited facility. 2 To order, call 1-800-932-5000 or visit vwr.com Controllers Time Savers Advanced refrigeration sys- tems and high wattage heaters respond quickly to temperature changes. You'll have minimum waiting time for your circulator to stabilize. -
Considerations About Semitic Etyma in De Vaan's Latin Etymological Dictionary
applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” Philology, vol. 4/2018/2019, pp. 35–156 © 2019 Ephraim Nissan - DOI https://doi.org/10.3726/PHIL042019.2 2019 Considerations about Semitic Etyma in de Vaan’s Latin Etymological Dictionary: Terms for Plants, 4 Domestic Animals, Tools or Vessels Ephraim Nissan 00 35 Abstract In this long study, our point of departure is particular entries in Michiel de Vaan’s Latin Etymological Dictionary (2008). We are interested in possibly Semitic etyma. Among 156 the other things, we consider controversies not just concerning individual etymologies, but also concerning approaches. We provide a detailed discussion of names for plants, but we also consider names for domestic animals. 2018/2019 Keywords Latin etymologies, Historical linguistics, Semitic loanwords in antiquity, Botany, Zoonyms, Controversies. Contents Considerations about Semitic Etyma in de Vaan’s 1. Introduction Latin Etymological Dictionary: Terms for Plants, Domestic Animals, Tools or Vessels 35 In his article “Il problema dei semitismi antichi nel latino”, Paolo Martino Ephraim Nissan 35 (1993) at the very beginning lamented the neglect of Semitic etymolo- gies for Archaic and Classical Latin; as opposed to survivals from a sub- strate and to terms of Etruscan, Italic, Greek, Celtic origin, when it comes to loanwords of certain direct Semitic origin in Latin, Martino remarked, such loanwords have been only admitted in a surprisingly exiguous num- ber of cases, when they were not met with outright rejection, as though they merely were fanciful constructs:1 In seguito alle recenti acquisizioni archeologiche ed epigrafiche che hanno documen- tato una densità finora insospettata di contatti tra Semiti (soprattutto Fenici, Aramei e 1 If one thinks what one could come across in the 1890s (see below), fanciful constructs were not a rarity. -
Kurdistan Rising? Considerations for Kurds, Their Neighbors, and the Region
KURDISTAN RISING? CONSIDERATIONS FOR KURDS, THEIR NEIGHBORS, AND THE REGION Michael Rubin AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE Kurdistan Rising? Considerations for Kurds, Their Neighbors, and the Region Michael Rubin June 2016 American Enterprise Institute © 2016 by the American Enterprise Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any man- ner whatsoever without permission in writing from the American Enterprise Institute except in the case of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in the publications of the American Enterprise Institute are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers, or trustees of AEI. American Enterprise Institute 1150 17th St. NW Washington, DC 20036 www.aei.org. Cover image: Grand Millennium Sualimani Hotel in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, by Diyar Muhammed, Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons. Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Who Are the Kurds? 5 2. Is This Kurdistan’s Moment? 19 3. What Do the Kurds Want? 27 4. What Form of Government Will Kurdistan Embrace? 56 5. Would Kurdistan Have a Viable Economy? 64 6. Would Kurdistan Be a State of Law? 91 7. What Services Would Kurdistan Provide Its Citizens? 101 8. Could Kurdistan Defend Itself Militarily and Diplomatically? 107 9. Does the United States Have a Coherent Kurdistan Policy? 119 Notes 125 Acknowledgments 137 About the Author 139 iii Executive Summary wo decades ago, most US officials would have been hard-pressed Tto place Kurdistan on a map, let alone consider Kurds as allies. Today, Kurds have largely won over Washington. -
Shell Keeps at Carmarthen Castle and Berkeley Castle
Fig. 1. A bird's-eye view of Windsor Castle in 1658, by Wenceslaus Hollar (detail). Within the shell-keep are 14th century ranges. From the University of Toronto Wenceslaus Hollar Digital Collection. Reproduced with thanks. Shell-keeps revisited: the bailey on the motte? Robert Higham, BA, PhD, FSA, FRHistS Honorary Fellow, University of Exeter Dedicated to Jo Cox and John Thorp, who revived my interest in this subject at Berkeley Castle Design and illustrations assembled by Neil Guy Published by the Castle Studies Group. © Text: Robert Higham Shell-keeps re-visited: the bailey on the motte? 1 Revision 19 - 05/11/2015 Fig. 2. Lincoln Castle, Lucy Tower, following recent refurbishment. Image: Neil Guy. Abstract Scholarly attention was first paid to the sorts of castle ● that multi-lobed towers built on motte-tops discussed here in the later 18th century. The “shell- should be seen as a separate form; that truly keep” as a particular category has been accepted in circular forms (not on mottes) should be seen as a academic discussion since its promotion as a medieval separate form; design by G.T. Clark in the later 19th century. Major ● that the term “shell-keep” should be reserved for works on castles by Ella Armitage and A. Hamilton mottes with structures built against or integrated Thompson (both in 1912) made interesting observa- with their surrounding wall so as to leave an open, tions on shell-keeps. St John Hope published Windsor central space with inward-looking accommodation; Castle, which has a major example of the type, a year later (1913). -
Operators Manual Programmable / Digital Controller Models Manuel
Operators Manual Programmable / Digital Controller Models Pages 3 - 41 Manuel de l’utilisateur Modèles des Contrôleurs Numériques / Programmables Pages 42 - 78 Bedienungsanleitung Programmierbare/Digitale Regler Modelle Seiten 79 - 117 110-229 9/28/09 1 WEEE Directive A label with a crossed-out wheeled bin symbol and a rectangular bar indicates that the product is covered by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive and is not to be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste. Any products marked with this symbol must be collected separately, according to the regulatory guidelines in your area. or The objectives of this program are to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment, protect human health, and utilize natural resources prudently and rationally. Specific treatment of WEEE is indispensable in order to avoid the dispersion of pollutants into the recycled material or waste stream. Such treatment is the most effective means of protecting the customer’s environment. Requirements for waste collection, reuse, recycling, and recovery programs vary by regulatory authority at your location. Contact your local responsible body (e.g., your laboratory manager) or authorized representative for information regarding applicable disposal regulations. Contact PolyScience at the web site listed below for information. Web address: www.polyscience.com Customer Care: 1-800-229-7569 (inside the USA) (+1) 847-647-0611 (outside the USA) Fax 1-847-647-1155 2 13R, 712, 7306, 7312, 812, 8006, 8012, 8002, 8112, 8102, 8106, -
The Eucharist in Twelfth-Century Literature
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Hoc Est Corpus Meum: The uchE arist in Twelfth- Century Literature Lindsey Zachary Panxhi University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Panxhi, Lindsey Zachary, "Hoc Est Corpus Meum: The uchE arist in Twelfth-Century Literature" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1499. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1499 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Hoc Est Corpus Meum: The Eucharist in Twelfth-Century Literature A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English by Lindsey Zachary Panxhi John Brown University Bachelor of Arts in English, 2009 University of Arkansas Master of Arts in English, 2011 May 2016 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. _______________________________ Dr. William Quinn Dissertation Director _______________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Joshua Byron Smith Dr. Mary Beth Long Committee Member Committee Member Abstract In “Hoc Est Corpus Meum: The Eucharist in Twelfth-Century Literature,” I analyze the appearance of the Eucharist as a sacred motif in secular lais, romances, and chronicles. The Eucharist became one of the most controversial intellectual topics of the High Middle Ages. While medieval historians and religious scholars have long recognized that the twelfth century was a critical period in which many eucharistic doctrines were debated and affirmed, literary scholars have given very little attention to the concurrent emergence of eucharistic themes in twelfth-century literature. -
MHRG Report 2009
The Mandaean Associations Union 19 Ketch Rd. Morristown, NJ 07960 ,USA Tel: +1 973 865 1340 Fax: +1973 292 3906 [email protected] www.mandaeanunion.org The Mandaean Associations Union Mandaean Human Rights Group Mandaean Human Rights Annual Report November 2009 Disclaimer: This report is the property of the Mandaean Associations Union (MAU). Any media use of all or part of this report should be referred to the owner by name. Any other use must be approved by the MAU. November 30 2009 Page 2 The Mandaean Human Rights Group (MHRG) is a self organized group dedicated for the help and protection of fellow Mandaeans in Iraq and Iran given the situation in those two countries. The Human Rights Group watches, investigates and exposes human rights violations against Mandaeans. We have volunteers in the United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Europe and Iraq. Our model in our work is the United Nation's Human Rights Declaration of 1948. The MHRG is a non profit organization registered at Companies House, UK 6271157. It is a member of the Mandaean Associations Union. Acknowledgment We gratefully acknowledge the dedicated help and advice of many organizations, without which this work would not have been completed. Numbered among them for this edition are: 1. The Mandaean Associations Union. 2. The Spiritual Mandaean Council – Baghdad, Iraq 3. The Mandaean General Assembly – Baghdad, Iraq 4. The Mandaean Human Rights Association- Baghdad, Iraq 5. The Mandaean Society in Jordan. 6. The Mandaean Society in Syria. 7. The Mandaean Society -
Constitutions of Clarendon, Clause 3, and Henry Ii's Reforms of Law And
CONSTITUTIONS OF CLARENDON, CLAUSE 3, AND HENRY II’s REFORMS OF LAW AND ADMINISTRATION John Hudson The conflict between Henry II and Archbishop Thomas Becket over crim- inal clerks inspired comment from many writers at the time and from numerous historians since. Many have been interested in the relative strength of the parties’ arguments, their basis in Canon Law and in earlier practice.1 My purpose is more modest: I assess the relationship between clause 3 of the 1164 Constitutions of Clarendon, often referred to as the provision concerning criminal clerks, and the practices and reform of the administration of justice in the 1160s. I argue that a key purpose of the provision was to bring at least important cases of clerical crime not just to lay courts but specifically to the king’s court, and suggest that the measure placed particular reliance on the king’s chief justiciars. I will take particular care to distinguish the limited amount of strictly contemporary evidence from the larger amount produced after 1170, par- ticularly the Lives of the now martyred archbishop. The latter do not record 1 The starting point here must be Frederic William Maitland, Roman Canon Law in the Church of England (London, 1898), chapter 4 (‘Henry II and the criminous clerks’), who argued for the strength of the king’s position in terms of Canon Law. For a good recent summary of the issues, see Anne Duggan, Thomas Becket (London, 2004), pp. 48–58, who concludes (p. 55) that ‘Becket and the bishops were in line with current thinking about clerical immunity’ and (p. -
Mediaevistik 32 . 2019 435 Rinnen Von Zimmern Kam, Was Faktisch Einfach
Mediaevistik 32 . 2019 435 rinnen von Zimmern kam, was faktisch hand, Benoît does gush enthusiastically einfach falsch ist. Anerkennung verdient over Henry II’s mother, the “Empress” aber Schmitz dafür, eine gut struktu- Matilda (N.B., there are six Matildas in rierte, weitgehend sehr klar formulierte the index): a “[…] widely celebrated figu- Untersuchung vorgelegt zu haben, die re, for it is my firm belief that there is not- einen hohen Kenntnisstand über den his- hing in the whole of my book that people torischen, philosophischen und religiösen would be happier to listen to, seeing that Kontext anzeigt. Die Wolfram-Forschung her impressive and highly regarded achie- hat er aber damit kaum produktiv weiter- vements are so much more extraordinary gebracht. than those of any other person.” (172) Albrecht Classen Benoît de Sainte-Maure, best known as a medieval romancer, was the author of this widely read and imitated Roman de Troie, composed around 1165. The Three Anglo-Norman Kings: The Li- Troy romance consisted of a 30,000-plus ves of William the Conqueror and Sons verse re-imagining of Latin narratives by Benoît de Sainte-Maure, trans. Ian purporting to describe the siege of Troy, Short. Mediaeval Sources in Transla- invigorated by what the poet refers to as tion, 57. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of “bons dits” (apposite amplifications). Be- Mediaeval Studies, 2018, viii, 228. noît—an educated monk from the region Respected professor of medieval French of Tours in north-west France—remains and foremost specialist in Anglo- mysterious to us even today, apart from Norman, Ian Short can cast his net wide these two principal texts. -
Page 491 H-France Review Vol. 2 (November 2002), No. 122
H-France Review Volume 2 (2002) Page 491 H-France Review Vol. 2 (November 2002), No. 122 Response to Bruce Venarde’s review of Constance Berman, The Cistercian Evolution: The Invention of a Religious Order in Twelfth-Century Europe. By Constance Berman, University of Iowa. Venarde opens his discussion of The Cistercian Evolution with a careful summary of its findings on how, when, and how much the Cistercians contributed to that process of institution-building in the twelfth century that I have called the “Invention of a Religious Order.” He seems to understand that although I do not question traditional assertions that the Cistercians invented this new institution, mine is nonetheless a very different picture of the Cistercians from standard ones to date. As I show, the process of inventing the new institution was slower than traditionally thought, involving trial and error, and probably borrowing innovations from other twelfth-century groups. I thus deny the precocity and exclusivity of the Cistercians in creating the religious Order, suggesting that it dates to considerably later in the twelfth century than the year 1120. Venarde is correct that this is not the long-awaited book on Cistercian nuns. Writing The Cistercian Evolution intervened in my work on religious women. As I began to investigate the early history of Cistercian nuns, I found more and more discrepancies between traditional Cistercian narratives and the evidence I was collecting: on Cistercian women, on southern-French affiliations of houses by the Cistercians, on the types of land that Cistercians accumulated. I found myself dismantling a traditional model of twelfth-century monastic history that appropriated for the Cistercians a very early creation of the religious Order as a new institution and at the same time denied that women were part of that reform movement.