DOCSLIB.ORG

Polders of the World Final Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Polders of the World Final Report POLDERS OFTH E WORLD FINAL REPORT INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LELYSTAD THE NETHERLANDS 1983 THE SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZATION - Department of Civil Engineering- Delf t"Universit yo fTechnolog y - IJsselmeerpoldersDevelopmen t Authority -Ministr y ofTranspor t and PublicWork s - Committee forHydrologica l ResearchTN O -Associatio n forWate rManagemen t andLan d UsePlannin g CO-SPONSORS OFTH E SYMPOSIUM INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS - ^ood andAgricultur e Organization of theUnite d Nations (FAO) -Unite d NationsEducationa l Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Commission Internationale duGéni eRura l (CIGR) - International Association forHydrauli c Research (IAHR) - InternationalAssociatio n ofHydrologica l Sciences (IAHS) - International Association ofHydrogeologist s (IAH) - International Commission on Irrigation andDrainag e (ICID) - International Society of Soil Science (ISSS) - International Water ResourcesAssociatio n (IWRA) ORGANIZATIONS INTH ENETHERLAND S -Agricultura l University Wageningen - DelftHydraulic s Laboratory - International Institute forLan d Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI) - International Institute forHydrauli c andEnvironmenta l Engineering (IHE) - Joint CivilEngineerin g Organizations -Ministr y ofAgricultur e andFisheries : ForeignMarketin g andEconomi c CoooerationServic e Government Service forLan d andWate rUs e -Ministr y ofEconomi cAffairs : TheNetherland sForeig n TradeAgenc y -Ministr y ofEducatio n andScience : Directorate-General forScienc ePolic y -Ministr y ofTranspor t and PublicWork s Exposition CentreNe wLan d Information Division Rijkswaterstaat,Directorat e ofWate rManagemen tan d Hydraulic Research Rijkswaterstaat,Zuyde r ZeeProjec t Authority " Netherlands Engineering Consultants (NEDECO) - Research Institute forNatur eManagemen t (RIN) - Royal Institute ofEngineer s inTh eNetherland s (KIVI) - RoyalNetherland s Society forAgricultura l Science - Union ofWate r Boards EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 'POLDERSO FTH EWORLD ' Prof. Ir.W .A . Segeren,chairma n Ir.E .Schultz ,secretar y Mrs.W.J.M . vanGiersberge n Mrs. Ir.J ,M . Leemhuis-Stout Ir.J . Luijendijk Ir.W .Wolter s SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE 'POLDERSO FTH EWORLD ' Prof.Dr .Ir .J . C.va nDam ,chairma n Ir.H .J . Colenbrander,secretar y Ir.E .R .Dahmen ,secretar y Ir.W .Wolters ,scientifi c officer Ir.E .Allersm a Ir.K .P . Blumenthal Prof.Dr .A .K .Constands e Ir.J .va n Duivendijk Dr. Ir.J .W .va nHoor n Dr.J . deJon g Prof.Dr .N .A .d eRidde r Prof. Ir.W .A . Segeren Prof. Ir.A .Volke r Prof.Dr .A .J . Wiggers PREFACE The International Symposium and Exhibition 'POLDERS0 ^TH EWORLD ' washel d inLelystad ,Th eNetherlands ,fro m 4t o 10October ,1982 . Theai mo f the Symposiumwa s toprovid e acomprehensiv evie wo f the various aspects ofpolde r development and togiv escientists , engineers,decision-makers ,an dmanager s a forum fora discussio no f theseaspect s and their related problems. The Symposiumwa s arranged under the themeso f land andwate r management,construction ,agriculture ,socio-econom y and physical planning,an d theenvironment . Thesewer e treated inplenar y sessionswher ekeynote swer epresente d and inworkshop swher epaper s werediscussed . Because of the overwhelming number ofpapers , general reporters summarized them, Presented inthi sFINA LREPOR To nPolder s of theWorld ,ar eth e keynotes,th eGenera l Reports,an d theConclusions ,a swel l asa list ofauthor s and the titleso f theirpapers . Theactua l papers havebee npublishe d by ILRI,Wageningen ,i na seto f threevolumes . Ihop e that thisboo kwil l provide itsreader swit h anoveral lvie w onpolders ,polde r development,an d onwha t could be concluded because of this first-ever Symposium on 'Polderso f theWorld' . Toge t thisboo k intoprin t asquickl y aspossible ,w ehav edecide d toforg o the time-consuming tasko fcorrectin g and editing the English language.W ehop e our readerswil l forgive theimperfections . Delft,Jun e 16,198 3 W.A . Segeren Chairman 'holderso f theWorld ' CONTENTS PREFACE V THE SYMPOSIUMAN D EXHIBITION W,A. Segeren 11 KEYNOTES 15 INTRODUCTION W. A. Segeren. Introduction toPolder so f theWorl d 15 LANDAN DWATE RMANAGEMEN T 26 E. Schultz. Fromnatura l toreclaime d land. Land andwate r management inth epolder so fTh eNetherland s. 26 K. Pranioh. Land andwate rmanagemen t inpolder s 52 CONSTRUCTIONASPECT S 64 P. C. Masure. Thedevelopmen t of theDutc hpolde r dikes 64 R. Segers. Fromwindmil l towind-generator . Development in polder construction 82 M. A. Meyer. Construction aspects ofpolder s inth eworl d 98 AGRICULTURAL ASPECTS 126 J. Van der Veen. Agriculturalaspect s inpolde r areas inTh e Netherlands. 126 - H. Brommer. Agriculture and food production inpolde r areas 141 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANDPHYSICA L PLANNINGASPECT S 166 - A. K. Constandse. From spontaneous settlement to integrated planning and development 166 - J.H.M. Kierihuis. Themanagemen t ofpolder s inTh eNetherland s 176 - A. S-feir Younis. Economic aspects of soil conservation progress inLDC' s 187 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 221 - J. de Jong and A, J. Wiggers. Polders and theirenvironmen t in TheNetherland s 221 - M. Vannuooi. Ecological values ofpotentia l polder areas 242 SPECIALKEYNOTE S 251 - A, Volker. Lessons from thehistor y of impoldering inth eworl d 251 - B. Verhoeven. Polders of the future 268 GENERAL REPORTSAN D CONCLUSIONS PERTHEM E 279 THEMEA :POLDE R PROJECTS 280 - D, S. Heslam. Various aspects ofpolder s ina certai n area 280 - E. Allersma. Various aspects ofpolder s ina certai nare a (continued) 293 - D. W.Ryaroft. General description ofpolde rproject s 304 - J. Mihnea. Workshop conclusions 314 THEMEB 1:LAN DAN DWATE RMANAGEMEN T 316 - M. J. Hall. Watermanagemen t systemsan d designcriteri a 316 - J.J.A. Feijen. Watermanagemen t systems and design criteria (continued) 326 - J. Wesseling. Water quality,geohydrolog y and soils 339 - E. Romijn. Water quality,geohydrolog y and soils (continued) 349 - D. Kirkham. Workshop conclusions 355 THEME B2:CONSTRUCTIO NASPECT S 358 - J. Van Duivendi.jk. Dikesan d embankments 358 T. G. Hammond. Miscellaneous construction aspects 370 H. S. Adhin. Workshop conclusions 377 THEME B3: AGRICULTURAL ASPECTS 378 J. W.van Hoorn. Agricultural aspects 378 R.J.A. Dudal. Workshop conclusions 383 THEME B4:SOCIO-ECONOMI CAN DPHYSICA L PLANNING ASPECTS 385 H. J. Groenewegen. Physical planning 385 D.B.W.M. van Düsseldorf and P.11.G. van Steekelenburg. Socio­ economic aspects. 398 A. K. Constandse. Workshop conclusions 410 THEME B5:ENVIRONMENTA L ASPECTS 411 A. van der Beken. Environmental aspects 411 M. Vannuoai, Workshop conclusions 421 CONCLUSIONS 423 J. C, van Dam. Final conclusions 423 LISTO FAUTHOR SAN DPAPER S 431 PUBLICATIONS 441 Listo fpublication s withinth eframewor ko fth eSymposium , including information where toobtai n them 441 THE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION 'Polderso f theWorld 'wa shel d fromMonda y October 4throug h Sunday October 10,198 2i nLelystad ,th ecapita l cityo f theIJsselmeerpolders . TheSymposiu mwa shos t to42 6participant s from 52countrie s allove r theworld ,developin g countries aswel l asdevelope d countries. The first threeday swer emainl y devoted to thescientifi c parto f Polderso f theWorld . Inth eplenar ymornin g sessions twelvekeynote s were delivered.Th efirs tmornin gwa suse d foropenin g addresses and introduction speeches,statin g generalview s onpolde r development now and inth efuture .Th eothe rmornin g tenkeynote swer epresented ,deal ­ ing thefiv e themeschose n to treat thesubject : - Land andwate rmanagement ; - Constructionaspects ; - Socio-economic andphysica lplannin gaspects ; - Environmentalaspects . The Symposiumwa shonoure d by thesponsorshi p of agrea tman y interna­ tionalorganizations ,a se.g . theWorldbank ,FAO ,Unesco .Thes eorgani ­ zationswer erepresente d bydirector s and other staff,presentin g key­ notes on thejus tmentione d themes.Als omany ,mor edisciplin e orien­ tated,internationa l organizations granted their support assponsor . Inth eafternoo no f thefirs t threeday sworkshop swer ededicate d toth e exchangeo fview so nproblems ,idea san d solutions inpolder-development . Thebasi s for thisha dbee nprovide d by thepaper swritte nb yman yo f theparticipants . Theoverwhelmin g amounto fpaper s (some 140)di d notallo w everypape r tob epresente d infull .Genera lreport shav e summarized thepaper so f 11 their sessions and risenquestion s or topics for discussion.Th ework ­ shops,mostl ywit hmor e thanon ereporter ,wer e concluded by thechair ­ men,wh opresente d theirfinding s and conclusions onWednesda y after­ noon, thelas tplenar y session. Finally thechairma no f theScientifi c Committeepresente d theoveral l conclusionso f theSymposium . Twowel lknow n 'polder'professor s -A .Volke r and B.Verhoeve n- wer e honoured for theirman y contributions topolde r development inth e world,o n theirpresentin g keynoteswit ha 'lessons tob e learned' character. The first threeday so f theSymposiu mwer e followed by threeday so f fieldtrips to:th eIJsselmee r polders,th eolde rpolder s in themi dan d west ofTh eNetherland s and the 'DeltaWorks' ,th e large engineering works inprogres s at thismoment ,fo r theprotectio no f the south-west regiono fTh eNetherlands .Th eparticipant s visited anope nai rdemon ­ stration and exhibition of 'polderequipmen t andmachinery 'o n thefirs t fieldtrip. Parallel to thementione d activitiesa nExhibitio nwa shel d (October 4 through 10)i nwhich ,nex t toa n introductory partwit h informationo n polders allove r theworld ,governmen t services,researc h institutesan d companies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dutch Landscape Painting: Documenting Globalization and Environmental Imagination Irene J
    The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Proceedings from the Document Academy University of Akron Press Managed December 2014 Dutch Landscape Painting: Documenting Globalization and Environmental Imagination Irene J. Klaver University of North Texas, [email protected] Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/docam Part of the Dutch Studies Commons, Fine Arts Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Klaver, Irene J. (2014) "Dutch Landscape Painting: Documenting Globalization and Environmental Imagination," Proceedings from the Document Academy: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35492/docam/1/1/12 Available at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/docam/vol1/iss1/12 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by University of Akron Press Managed at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings from the Document Academy by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Klaver: Dutch Landscape Painting A passport is often considered the defining document of one’s nationality. After more than twenty years of living in the United States, I still carry my Dutch passport. It still feels premature for me to give it up and become an American. When people ask, “Where are you from?” I answer, “Denton, Texas.” This usually triggers, “OK, but where are you FROM???” It is the accent that apparently documents my otherness.
    [Show full text]
  • TU1206 COST Sub-Urban WG1 Report I
    Sub-Urban COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Rotterdam TU1206-WG1-013 TU1206 COST Sub-Urban WG1 Report I. van Campenhout, K de Vette, J. Schokker & M van der Meulen Sub-Urban COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 COST TU1206 Sub-Urban Report TU1206-WG1-013 Published March 2016 Authors: I. van Campenhout, K de Vette, J. Schokker & M van der Meulen Editors: Ola M. Sæther and Achim A. Beylich (NGU) Layout: Guri V. Ganerød (NGU) COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a pan-European intergovernmental framework. Its mission is to enable break-through scientific and technological developments leading to new concepts and products and thereby contribute to strengthening Europe’s research and innovation capacities. It allows researchers, engineers and scholars to jointly develop their own ideas and take new initiatives across all fields of science and technology, while promoting multi- and interdisciplinary approaches. COST aims at fostering a better integration of less research intensive countries to the knowledge hubs of the European Research Area. The COST Association, an International not-for-profit Association under Belgian Law, integrates all management, governing and administrative functions necessary for the operation of the framework. The COST Association has currently 36 Member Countries. www.cost.eu www.sub-urban.eu www.cost.eu Rotterdam between Cables and Carboniferous City development and its subsurface 04-07-2016 Contents 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges for the Dutch Polder Model
    Challenges for the Dutch polder model ESPN Flash Report 2017/40 FABIAN DEKKER – EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY NETWORK JUNE 2017 Description The polder model stands for In the Netherlands, shifts in the good reasons, in the first years, the consensus-oriented relationship between the social partners model was described as “A Dutch consultation can be observed. In 2013, employers’ Miracle”. between the social and employee organisations concluded In the past fifteen years, the Dutch partners. Mainly a social agreement, which, among other consultative model has come under due to the things, included an arrangement to reverse a previously agreed reduction of increasing pressure. Due to reduced increasing flexibility membership numbers, the position of of work and the the maximum duration of unemployment benefits (from 38 to 24 trade unions has dramatically trade unions’ months) and return to a maximum of 38 weakened. In 2015, only one in six declining level of months. Although employers’ employees was a trade union member, organisation, this organisations signed this agreement at as opposed to one in approximately dialogue is losing the time, for a long time they tried to three employees in the 1970s (Keune impact. This is get out of implementing it. Another 2016). This has reduced the particularly visible element observed is the occurrence of organisational power of civil society. In in current debates strikes. While the level of conflict in the addition, support for agreement on unemployment Netherlands is relatively low in general, between the social partners has benefit duration the highest level of strikes in nine years decreased due to changes that have and a number of was recorded in 2015 (CBS 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Centenary of the Zuiderzee Act: a Masterpiece of Engineering
    NEWS Centenary of the Zuiderzee Act: a Masterpiece of Engineering The Dutch Zuiderzee Act came into force exactly 100 years ago today, on 14 June 1918. The Zuiderzee Act signalled the beginning of the works that continue to protect the heart of The Netherlands from the dangers and vagaries of the Zuiderzee, an inlet of the North Sea, to this day. This amazing feat of engineering and spatial planning was a key milestone in The Netherlands’ world-leading reputation for reclaiming land from the sea. Wim van Wegen, content manager at ‘GIM International’, was born, raised and still lives in the Noordoostpolder, one of the various polders that were constructed. He has written an article about the uniqueness of this area of reclaimed land. I was born at the bottom of the sea. Want to fact-check this? Just compare a pre-1940s map of the Netherlands to a more contemporary one. The old map shows an inlet of the North Sea, the Zuiderzee. The new one reveals large parts of the Zuiderzee having been turned into land, actually no longer part of the North Sea. In 1932, a 32km-long dam (the Afsluitdijk) was completed, separating the former Zuiderzee and the North Sea. This part of the sea was turned into a lake, the IJsselmeer (also known as Lake IJssel or Lake Yssel in English). Why 'polder' is a Dutch word The idea behind the construction of the Afsluitdijk was to defend areas against flooding, caused by the force of the open sea. The dam is part of the Zuiderzee Works, a man-made system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage works.
    [Show full text]
  • Geohydrological Compensatory Measures to Prevent Land Subsidence As a Result of the Reclamation of the Markerwaard Polder in the Netherlands
    GEOHYDROLOGICAL COMPENSATORY MEASURES TO PREVENT LAND SUBSIDENCE AS A RESULT OF THE RECLAMATION OF THE MARKERWAARD POLDER IN THE NETHERLANDS. G. Vos , F.A.M. Claessen , J.H.G. van Ommen** Public Works Department, Rijkswaterstaat, Directorate of Water Manage­ ment and Hydraulic Research, Northern District. International Water Supply Consultants IWACO B.V. ABSTRACT If the Markerwaard polder is reclaimed the water level in the polder will fall 5 to 6 metres over an area of 410 km2. This will cause a drawdown of the piezometric levels in the Pleistocene aquifers underneath the eastern part- of the province of North Holland. The spatial pattern of these drawdowns is calculated by a finite elements groundwater model. Without countermeasures to;compensate for the depletion of the piezometric level, settlement of the compressible Holocene clay and peat deposits will occur and resultant land subsidence may cause damage to buildings and infrastructure. Drawdown of the piezometric levels can be entirely or partially countered by means of artificial recharge of water into the Pleisto­ cene aquifers. There are two methods for this, viz. vertical recharge wells and infiltration grooves in the remaining western peripheral lake between North Holland and the Markerwaard polder. The amount of water necessary for the countermeasures is calculated with the same groundwater model. 1. INTRODUCTION The study area is situated in the north-western part of the Netherlands (fig. 1). The projected polder will have an area of 410 km2 and will be reclaimed in the south-western part of Lake IJssel. The phreatic groundwater level in the new polder will be some 5 to 6 metres lower than the present water level in Lake IJssel.
    [Show full text]
  • No Slide Title
    HydrographicHydrographic SocietySociety RenewableRenewable EnergyEnergy Iain Todd Renewables Champion 21 October 2010 THE MOVE TO RENEWABLES • Environmental EUROPE – 2100 (UNCHANGED) THE MOVE TO RENEWABLES • Environmental • Energy security RUSSIAN GAS PIPELINE THE MOVE TO RENEWABLES • Environmental • Energy security • Economic prospects TARGETS • EU has legislated that 20% of all energy to be renewable by 2020 TARGETS • EU has legislated that 20% of all energy to be renewable by 2020 • UK target 15% energy by 2020 TARGETS • EU has legislated that 20% of all energy to be renewable by 2020 • UK target 15% energy by 2020 • Scottish target 20% of energy by 2020 • (31% electricity by 2011, and 50% by 2020) EUROPE – wind resource Full Load Hours/Year EFFECTIVENESS (1) EFFECTIVENESS (2) OFFSHORE PROJECTS – R1 GREAT YARMOUTH GREAT YARMOUTH ROUND 2 BEATRICE FABRICATION BEATRICE • Beatrice project world-leading • Largest (5 MW) • Deepest (45 metres) • First jacket fabrication • Onshore fabrication • Possible extension to 200 turbines (1000 MW) TALISMAN - BEATRICE (1) TALISMAN - BEATRICE (2) TALISMAN - BEATRICE (3) ROUND 3 Wind Power Development Trend EWEA Scenarios (2007); “Reference” equates to EU targets. PIONEERING NORTH SEA INTRODUCING AREG • Created in 2004 • To help transfer oil and gas expertise into renewables agenda • To mutual benefit • Image and awareness of Aberdeen • “Make Aberdeen as famous for renewables as it is for oil and gas” INTRODUCING AREG • Public-private - board of directors • 160 members – public sector, research and development,
    [Show full text]
  • Ex Post Evaluation Objective 1 1994-1999 Member State Report
    Ex post evaluation Objective 1 1994-1999 Member state report Netherlands Final report Client: European Commission, DG Regio ECORYS-NEI Regional & Urban Development Luc Boot Sacha Koppert Rotterdam, 24 June 2003 B/ib7212 ECORYS-NEI P.O. Box 4175 3006 AD Rotterdam K.P. van der Mandelelaan 11 3062 MB Rotterdam The Netherlands T +31 10 453 88 00 F +31 10 453 07 68 E [email protected] W www.ecorys.com Table of contents Executive Summary 7 1 Introduction 12 2 Methodology 13 3 Appropriateness of the strategy adopted 14 3.1 Introduction 14 3.2 Key issues in 1994 and their Evolution to 1999 14 3.3 Description of the SPD 18 3.4 Planned expenditure versus actual expenditure 22 3.5 Conclusions on appropriateness of the strategy 31 4 Effectiveness 36 4.1 Introduction 36 4.2 Programme outputs and results 36 4.3 Programme effects 40 4.4 Assessment of Community Added Value 55 4.5 Changes to policy and practice 59 5 Impact 60 5.1 Introduction 60 5.2 Achievement of the programme objectives 60 5.3 Impact assessment 65 6 Management and implementation systems 69 6.1 Institutional arrangements 69 6.2 Project selection process 74 6.3 Financial systems 76 6.4 Monitoring structures 77 6.5 Programme evaluations 78 6.6 Synergy effects 80 6.7 Equal opportunities and the environment 81 6.8 Conclusion 84 7 Strengths and weaknesses 86 7.1 Process issues 86 7.2 Achievements 87 7.3 Overall efficiency 88 8 Conclusions and recommendations 90 Executive Summary In the Netherlands there is only one Objective 1 region, Flevoland.
    [Show full text]
  • Vestas Wins 42 MW Order for One of the Largest Citizen-Owned Wind
    News release from Vestas Central Europe Hamburg, 28 December 2016 Vestas receives 30 MW order and 20-year service contract from citizen-owned wind power plant in northern Germany Vestas has received an order for a repowering project consisting of nine V117-3.45 MW turbines from Bürger-Windpark Lübke-Koog Nord GmbH & Co.KG The firm and unconditional order comprises supply and commissioning of the wind turbines as well as a 20-year full-scope Active Output Management 5000 (AOM5000) service agreement. The wind turbines will be installed at Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog in Schleswig-Holstein, close to the North Sea. The project is a repowering project and replaces thirteen V80-2.0 MW turbines. Wind turbine delivery and commissioning is planned for the third quarter of 2017. Lübke-Koog has a long tradition of citizen-owned wind power plants and is home of the first citizen- owned wind park in Germany, installed in 1991. After the repowering project is completed, 95% of all citizens of Lübke Koog will be participating in the project. “We are very proud of this high participation rate, which creates a strong local support for wind energy. The wind power plant will make an important contribution to regional value creation through tax revenue and donations, supporting local cultural and social activities,” says Arne Möbest, General Manager of Bürger-Windpark Lübke-Koog Nord. “We are working with Vestas since 2004. Vestas has proved to be a strong partner with an excellent service offering and technically reliable wind turbines.” “We are very pleased that our long-term customer, Bürger-Windpark Lübke-Koog Nord GmbH & Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Beleidsnota Toerisme En Recreatie
    BELEIDSNOTA TOERISME EN RECREATIE DRONTEN, september 2008 COLOFON Gemeente Dronten Afdeling Ruimtelijke en Economische Ontwikkeling Postbus 100 8250 AC Dronten Website: www.dronten.nl Telefoon: 0321-388911 Gemeente Dronten - Beleidsnota Toerisme en Recreatie, september 2008 2 Inhoudsopgave Lijst van afkortingen ........................................................................................................................... 4 1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Algemene context ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Definitie toerisme en recreatie .................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Trends toerisme en recreatie...................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Overige trends en ontwikkelingen............................................................................................... 8 3. Dronten ‘Wat zijn we’? .................................................................................................................. 10 3.1 Dronten..................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Huidig aanbod toerisme en recreatie Dronten .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Natural History of the Wadden Sea
    A natural history of the Wadden Sea Riddled by contingencies Karsten Reise People who are always praising the past And especially the times of faith as best Ought to go back to the middle ages and be burned at the stake as witches and sages. Stevie Smith (1902-1971) Contents 4 Preface by Jens Enemark 50 Chapter 5 Beginning of a new wadden alliance? 6 Contents in a clamshell. A few preliminary comments by the author 60 Chapter 6 How natural is wadden nature? 7 Introduction 70 Chapter 7 What does the future hold 10 Chapter 1 for the Wadden Sea? Why natural history? 80 Conclusions and 22 Chapter 2 recommendations Contingency in natural history What is contingency? 84 The Author / Acknowledgements 34 Chapter 3 On the origin of the Wadden Sea 86 Endnotes 42 Chapter 4 Invited to drown 88 Bibliography Hoofdstuk Preface It is a privilege to write the preface of this booklet by Karsten Contingency is a central notion in Reise’s work and vision. Reise A natural history of the Wadden Sea. Riddled by contingencies. It refers to space­and­time coincidences and accidental events. It is the fourth booklet in a series that is being published to mark Contingency is almost always involved in natural patterns. The the occasion of the special lectures being held at the symposia natural history of the Wadden Sea displays such contingencies. organised by the Wadden Academy. It cannot be understood as a self­sustaining and resilient system with an inbuilt capability to find a natural balance. Attention to Karsten Reise delivered the keynote address entitled ‘Turning contingency will strengthen realism and promote prudence tides: A natural history of the Wadden Sea’ at the 13th Inter­ when it comes to projections for the future, Karsten Reise argues.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing a Strategic Plan Development Approach for Integrated Area Development Projects
    DESIGNING A STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Inge de Kort DESIGNING A STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Inge de Kort Graduation committee Chairman: Prof.dr.ir. F. Eising University of Twente Secretary: Prof.dr.ir. F. Eising University of Twente Promotor: Prof.dr. G.P.M.R. Dewulf University of Twente Assistant promotor: Dr. W.D. Bult-Spiering University of Twente Members: Prof.dr. W.G.M. Salet University of Amsterdam Prof.dr. P. Glasbergen Utrecht University Prof.dr.ir. J.T.A. Bressers University of Twente Prof.dr.ir. A.G. Dorée University of Twente Dr. M.S. Krol University of Twente DESIGNING A STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DISSERTATION to obtain the degree of doctor at the University of Twente, on the authority of the rector magnificus, prof.dr. H. Brinksma, on account of the decision of the graduation committee, to be publicly defended on Thursday the 10th of December 2009 at 15.00 hrs by Inge Antoinetta Theadora de Kort born on the 10th of February 1980 in Tilburg, the Netherlands This dissertation has been approved by: Prof.dr. G.P.M.R. Dewulf Promotor Dr. W.D. Bult-Spiering Assistant promotor ISBN 978-90-365-2941-9 © Inge A.T. de Kort, Den Haag, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Water Use Conflicts to Advance Collaborative Planning
    water Article Understanding Water Use Conflicts to Advance Collaborative Planning: Lessons Learned from Lake Diefenbaker, Canada Jania S. Chilima 1,*, Jill Blakley 1,2, Harry P. Diaz 3 and Lalita Bharadwaj 1,4 1 School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (L.B.) 2 Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada 3 Department of Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; [email protected] 4 School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-306-262-6920 Abstract: Conflicts around the multi-purpose water uses of Lake Diefenbaker (LD) in Saskatchewan, Canada need to be addressed to meet rapidly expanding water demands in the arid Canadian prairie region. This study explores these conflicts to advance collaborative planning as a means for improving the current water governance and management of this lake. Qualitative methodology that employed a wide participatory approach was used to collect focus group data from 92 individuals, who formed a community of water users. Results indicate that the community of water users is unified in wanting to maintain water quality and quantity, preserving the lake’s aesthetics, and reducing water source vulnerability. Results also show these users are faced with water resource conflicts resulting from lack of coherence of regulatory instruments in the current governance regime, Citation: Chilima, J.S.; Blakley, J.; and acceptable management procedures of both consumptive and contemporary water uses that Diaz, H.P.; Bharadwaj, L.
    [Show full text]