Designing a Strategic Plan Development Approach for Integrated Area Development Projects
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DESIGNING A STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Inge de Kort DESIGNING A STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Inge de Kort Graduation committee Chairman: Prof.dr.ir. F. Eising University of Twente Secretary: Prof.dr.ir. F. Eising University of Twente Promotor: Prof.dr. G.P.M.R. Dewulf University of Twente Assistant promotor: Dr. W.D. Bult-Spiering University of Twente Members: Prof.dr. W.G.M. Salet University of Amsterdam Prof.dr. P. Glasbergen Utrecht University Prof.dr.ir. J.T.A. Bressers University of Twente Prof.dr.ir. A.G. Dorée University of Twente Dr. M.S. Krol University of Twente DESIGNING A STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DISSERTATION to obtain the degree of doctor at the University of Twente, on the authority of the rector magnificus, prof.dr. H. Brinksma, on account of the decision of the graduation committee, to be publicly defended on Thursday the 10th of December 2009 at 15.00 hrs by Inge Antoinetta Theadora de Kort born on the 10th of February 1980 in Tilburg, the Netherlands This dissertation has been approved by: Prof.dr. G.P.M.R. Dewulf Promotor Dr. W.D. Bult-Spiering Assistant promotor ISBN 978-90-365-2941-9 © Inge A.T. de Kort, Den Haag, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the author. English correction by Giles Stacey, Englishworks Printed by Gildeprint Drukkerijen Cover illustration and design by Rolf van Huffelen Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 9 1.1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. MULTIPLE LAND USE FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................. 10 1.3. MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4. INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 12 1.5. PROBLEM DEFINITION .............................................................................................................. 15 1.6. RESEARCH AIM ........................................................................................................................ 18 1.7. THESIS OUTLINE ...................................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................ 21 2.1. PARADIGMATIC STARTING POINT ............................................................................................. 21 2.2. RESEARCH SCOPE .................................................................................................................. 22 2.3. RESEARCH STRATEGY ............................................................................................................ 24 2.4. RESEARCH OUTLINE ................................................................................................................ 27 2.5. SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN .................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 3. EXPLORING SPATIAL PLANNING ................................................................... 33 3.1. SPATIAL PLANNING .................................................................................................................. 33 3.2. PLANNING APPROACHES ......................................................................................................... 34 3.2.1. Communicative planning .............................................................................................. 34 3.2.2. Interactive planning ....................................................................................................... 35 3.2.3. Strategic planning .......................................................................................................... 36 3.2.4. Conclusion on the planning approaches .................................................................... 37 3.3. FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING PLAN DEVELOPMENT ............................................................... 40 3.3.1. Stakeholder characteristics .......................................................................................... 41 3.3.2. Interaction process characteristics .............................................................................. 42 3.3.3. Contextual factors ......................................................................................................... 43 3.3.4. Perceived performance ................................................................................................ 44 3.4. FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT ............................................ 44 3.4.1. A closer look at strategic spatial planning ................................................................... 45 3.4.2. Dutch spatial planning .................................................................................................. 46 3.4.3. Differences between private and public setting ......................................................... 47 3.4.4. Process model for strategic planning in a public setting ........................................... 49 3.4.5. Reflecting on strategic plan development .................................................................. 56 3.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER 4. EXPLORING INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT: CASE IJSSELSPRONG IN ZUTPHEN.................................................................................................... 59 4.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 60 4.2. PLAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE IJSSELSPRONG PROJECT ........................................................... 64 4.2.1. Stakeholders .................................................................................................................. 64 4.2.2. Interaction process ........................................................................................................ 72 4.2.3. Contextual factors ......................................................................................................... 87 4.2.4. Perceived performance ................................................................................................ 89 4.3. STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE IJSSELSPRONG PROJECT ......................................................... 92 4.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................................................................................................... 98 CHAPTER 5. EXPLORING INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT: CASE IJSSELDELTA ZUID IN KAMPEN ............................................................................................. 101 5.1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 103 5.2. PLAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE IJSSELDELTA ZUID PROJECT .................................................... 106 5.2.1. Stakeholders ................................................................................................................ 106 5.2.2. Interaction process ...................................................................................................... 114 5.2.3. Contextual factors ....................................................................................................... 128 5.2.4. Perceived performance .............................................................................................. 130 5.3. STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE IJSSELDELTA ZUID PROJECT .................................................. 132 5.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................................................ 139 CHAPTER 6. DIAGNOSING STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT IN INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ........................................................................................ 143 6.1. CROSS-CASE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 143 6.1.1. Comparison of the stakeholders’ characteristics ..................................................... 143 6.1.2. Comparison of the interaction process characteristics ........................................... 145 6.1.3. Comparison of the contextual factors ....................................................................... 148 6.1.4. Comparison of perceived performance .................................................................... 149 6.1.5. Comparison of the extent of a strategic planning approach ................................... 150 6.2. STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT FROM A STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE ............................. 156 6.3. CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................................................ 159 CHAPTER 7. DESIGNING AN APPROACH FOR ‘INTEGRATED AREA DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT’ ......................................................................................................................