15 Utilisation Traditionnelle Du Territoire Et Des Ressources

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15 Utilisation Traditionnelle Du Territoire Et Des Ressources Projet Oléoduc Énergie Est Partie A : Québec Volume 4 : Évaluation des effets biophysiques et Section 15 : Utilisation traditionnelle du territoire et socio-économiques – Complexes de terminaux maritimes des ressources 15 UTILISATION TRADITIONNELLE DU TERRITOIRE ET DES RESSOURCES L'utilisation traditionnelle du territoire et des ressources (UTTR)1 a été désigné comme une composante valorisée (CV) en raison de la possibilité que le projet ait des répercussions sur les activités traditionnelles, les sites et les ressources identifiés par les communautés autochtones. Les activités de participation des Autochtones au projet et une revue de la littérature existante (voir l’annexe 15A.2) ont confirmé que le projet pourrait potentiellement affecter l’UTTR. L’Office national de l’Énergie (ONÉ) exige aussi de l’information détaillée en ce qui concerne l’UTTR pour les projets qui ont lieu sur les terres de la Couronne (ONÉ, 2014), ce qui est le cas pour ce projet. Cette section sur l’UTTR fourni des renseignements concernant les effets du projet sur l’utilisation actuelle des terres, des eaux et des ressources par les peuples autochtones. L'objectif de l’évaluation de l’UTTR est de comprendre et de documenter ces différents aspects, d’identifier des mesures d'atténuation et de caractériser les effets prévus du projet. Les activités liées aux phases de construction, d'exploitation, de démantèlement et de l’abandon du projet sont toutes susceptibles d’affecter l’UTTR. Des renseignements concernant le programme de participation des Autochtones d’Énergie Est et les paramètres relatifs à la participation des communautés dans les études sur l’UTTR sont contenus dans le Volume 10 de la demande déposée auprès de l'ONÉ qui porte sur la participation des Autochtones. 15.1 Communautés autochtones du Québec Les activités de participation des Autochtones menées par Énergie Est jusqu’au mois de mai 2014 ont permis d’initier des discussions sur l’étude de l’UTTR avec les communautés et les organisations autochtones suivantes : • Abénakis de Wôlinak • Abénakis d'Odanak • Conseil de la Première Nation des Innus Essipit • Conseil des Innus de Pessamit • Conseil des Montagnais du Lac-St- Jean (Mashteuiatsh) • Eagle Village First Nation - Kipawa • Huron-Wendat Nation (Wendake) (Conseil de la huronne–wendat) • Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg • La Nation Micmac de Gespeg (Le Conseil de la Nation Micmac de Gespeg) 1 L'expression « utilisation traditionnelle des terres et des ressources » ou UTTR reçoit une définition large dans cette ÉEES et se réfère à tous les aspects des environnements terrestres et marins de par le lien inextricable qui existe entre l'environnement où se pratique l’utilisation traditionnelle des terres et des ressources, les activités elles-mêmes et la culture autochtone. Oléoduc Énergie Est Ltée Septembre 2014 15-1 Partie A : Québec Projet Oléoduc Énergie Est Section 15: Utilisation traditionnelle du territoire et Volume 4 : Évaluation des effets biophysiques et des ressources socio-économiques – Complexes de terminaux maritimes • Les Atikamekw de Manawan (Conseil des Atikamekw de Manawan) • Listuguj Mi'gmaq Government (Listuguj Mi’gmaq First Nation) • Long Point First Nation • Micmacs of Gesgapegiag (Mi’gmaq of Gesgapegiag Council) • Mohawks of Kahnawá:ke (Mohawk Council of Kahnawake) • Mohawks of Kanehsatà:ke (Mohawk Council of Kanesatake) • Première Nation Malecite de Viger (Conseil de la Première Nation Malecite de Viger) • Timiskaming First Nation • Wolf Lake First Nation Les profils des communautés autochtones qui pourraient potentiellement être affectées par le projet peuvent être consultés à l’annexe 15A.1. Une carte de localisation de ces communautés est présentée aux Figures 5-1 et 5-2. Énergie Est s’est engagé à consulter les groupes autochtones potentiellement touchés par le projet. D’autres groupes peuvent aussi demander des études sur l’UTTR. 15.2 Programme d’utilisation traditionnelle du territoire et des ressources Deux types de renseignement doivent être fournis par les groupes autochtones aux fins de cette demande : des renseignements sur l’UTTR et des renseignements sur les connaissances écologiques traditionnelles (CET). Dans le cadre de ce programme, les expressions UTTR et CET sont définies comme suit : • L’UTTR est la connaissance détenue par un groupe autochtone au sujet de l’utilisation des terres, des eaux et des ressources par la communauté. L’UTTR comprend des informations sur les lieux utilisés pour la chasse, le piégeage, la pêche ou la collecte de plantes; les listes des espèces récoltées; les informations concernant les pratiques de récolte (variations saisonnières); les éléments tels que les sentiers, les camps, les sites de campement; et les lieux sacrés tels que les sites de cérémonie et sépultures. Des informations contextuelles additionnelles sur l’UTTR peuvent être fournies par les groupes autochtones, incluant des informations temporelles (ex : périodes de récolte ou d’utilisation de certains sites, utilisation passée ou présente) de même que des informations sur l’utilisation des plantes et des animaux récoltés (ex : subsistance, usage médicinal, cérémonie). • Les CET correspondent au savoir écologique d’un groupe autochtone accumulé au cours des générations concernant un environnement naturel et culturel particulier ayant servi de territoire traditionnel ou de zone d’occupation. Les CET concernent le plus souvent les espèces animales et végétales et peuvent inclure des informations sur les schémas de migration, l’habitat, la santé et la diversité des populations, la croissance de la végétation, les zones de frai ou encore les changements observés sur ces derniers éléments. Les CET peuvent aussi concerner l’eau, la qualité de l’air, les conditions météorologiques (température et précipitations), la stabilité des sols, les inondations, le pergélisol ou d’autres caractéristiques environnementales. 15-2 Septembre 2014 Oléoduc Énergie Est Ltée Lac Abitibi 111 a Réservoir 167 UV n UV o Lac a Gouin c n 101 i a Saint-Jean UV r r ^_ 113 b a Ramore 9 i UV a Rivière Saguen ") us H ay re Mag W Riviè e 172 e R r UV e r iv ! è n è i ca i iè v s v r Saguenay i i i e ég R R T R R i M r v 170 e i UV R i e v 111 r R n è UV i r è c i i i è v v h v e i i e i r è è H B k s e ± l R e r a k e e r n e a c K c e d h S ! e r C u r a e H è o i i R y M R n c v a i r i i t É 169 v i v ! - UV o R a e M i r R x c u è r e u r a l v ONTARIO i i v i e 9 u a Kirkland Lake ") R QUÉBEC i n à r è r e i r e r d c e R M è r e 175 e i UV W i a ne a n a v v u i L a o i r h i u c 155 è s n a e UV R o it r c d ap h e o i c h C g M c e o r o o è r é h i t C iv C a R Rivière Fortier b e in e r z r e è a t i è c B i Lac v h i e v r i Réservoir R è o Simard i R u Lac v a Decelles i n Témiscamingue ^_ R e Haileybury ")9 Rivière Bostonnais Montreal River Réservoir Lac UV175 i l Dozois l Réservoir Kempt i r 138 Cabonga illon u UV m o e er Rivière Mitchinamecus V T Rivière Jacques-Cartier n i re R e o iv iè i r ère v i è m G e R i u n v i s D d R 101 e e UV e 9 r g ") e S T è n e n t i o u v r n l 9 r Marten River R i 155 r e A ") iv u UV g i R Rivière du Milieu - èr o e e e t o Ki C n Beauport 132 n p i UV a e Rivière Matawin a ! w r Charlesbourg ! R a S è ^_ R i i e v r v ! i e i è Québec v i r v i R i ! è Sainte-Foy R R 117 r Jo e c ^_ UV i k v 9 o R e B R i i 9 ") v è g Levis iv iè a ") e re r u e t r I e o d g r i i n s Donnacona a G v R o L ! c c e ! e è r Br i e a a a 132 r F UV s L n R t è i i u 116 i n v V u UV e v i 17 uv i a è e e d UV R e r iv a R s enri e e 64 9 North Bay e re H r s iviè UV u C ") r R i è e h i l u b a v i u R a 9 i d R ") Saint-Maurice UV20 i UV64 R D R 131 è iv UV r Lac iè u iv e r d 138 e iè UV Nipissing N e 9 r r o e ^_ ") ir è e i L Maskinonge nt v e Mattawa i 'A ur Fre R s 9 a nch River 9 Riv 117 so ") t-L Lac ") ière Rivière de l'Aigle n UV m in ivière B d o p a Saint-Pierre R u e i tio S l s t n s Deux Rivieres O 105 e tr u UV a uv o r ta e d o N l Rivière Nicolet Wo e u F e lf R v Mohawks de Kanehsatà:kePet / e i i a a Abénakis d'Odanakver r wa t y R e wa i i R ^_ R Ke iv^_er R v R s t R Mohawks of Kanehsatà:kei iv i i i R e e v v v P h g r i i i t i è è ck in P è r r e u s e Abénakis dere Wôlinak is r e N a l o Ri Premièrep nation de Témiscamingue / e ^_ ve i l S i r S N c Barron Ri d a o ve e i Timiskaming First Nation r u n le MConseila des Montagnais du Lac St-Jean d t- t S gneta N F u wa Île aux e r d n r o a (Mashteuiatsh)R / Montagnais du Lac St-Jean Première nation de Wemotaci / 9 n -O iv Pembroke ") è r ç ^_ e i r Allumettes d o u (Mashteuiatsh) First Nation Council Wemotaci First Nation is e iv s 69 9 t 108 UV R ") Ope !Mascouche UV Nation huronne-wendat124 (Wendake) / Première nation d'Eagle Village -o Kipawang / UV o R Repentigny ^_ Huron-Wendat Nation (Wendake) Eagle Village First Nation - Kipawa iver Lachute R iv Bon ")9 Montréal-Nord ! iè Première nation de Longue-Pointe / Premièreer nation60 des Atikamekw d'Opitciwan / nech re iv UV ere Laval ! ! Saint-Léonard a ^_ Long Point First Nation AtikamekwR d'Opitciwan First Nation Riv u e er Montréal ! ! S u UV148 Gatineau Gatineau Longueuil a Première nation de Wolf Lake / g ! Saint-Laurent ! u 9 n M ! ! m oStation de pompage / Pump Station Renfrew 9 ! ! e o ") t a Verdun i ^_ Wolf Lake First Nation Big East Riverx da ") C ! n Hull d wa a ! Orléans O sk rp ! Brossard a Sherbrooke a R c Rivière Autre réserve de Premières nations / R iv Yamask e Lac A a Rivière Moe Conversion d'un gazoduc / Conversion Pipeline i r Ottawa ' Other First Nation Reserve
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