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145. Évfolyam, 1. Szám Tartalom / Contents Értekezések / Studies SZIRMAI VIKTÓRIA: Nagyvárosok a COVID-19 vírusjárvány idején / Metropolises at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic ......................................................................................................................... 1 REMÉNYI PÉTER – CSAPÓ DÁNIEL GÁBOR: A szállítási infrastruktúra fejlesztése és a geopolitika összefüggései a Nyugat-Balkánon / Relationship between the development of transport infrastructure and geopolitics in the Western Balkans .................................................................... 17 KOUDELA PÁL: Dzsentrifikáció Szöul belvárosában – Cshonggjecshon / Gentrification in Seoul's downtown – Cheonggyecheon ........................................................................................................... 32 SOHA TAMÁS – NÉMETH IZABELLA – MUNKÁcsY BÉLA: Magyarország térinformatikai alapú gyorsforgalmi átjárhatósági vizsgálata az elektromobilitás szempontjából – helyzetkép és fejlesztési lehetőségek / GIS-based connectivity analysis from the perspective of e-mobility on Hungarian motorways – current status and possible developements ............................................... 50 SZABÓ BALÁZS ATTILA: Az LMBTQ turizmus kínálati oldalának vizsgálata a magyarországi egyetemisták körében / Research on the supply side of LGBTQ tourism among Hungarian university students ............................................................................................................................. 67 Krónika / Chronicle Bacsák György (1870–1970) – Megemlékezés a kutató születésének 150. és halálának 50. évfordulójára – HÁGEN ANDRÁS .................................................................................................. 81 Rudl József (1951–2020) – PIRISI GÁBOR ................................................................................................ 82 Probáld Ferenc 80 éves – KARÁcsONYI DÁVID – SZABÓ PÁL .................................................................. 84 FöldrajziKözlemények 2021. szám 1. Támogatóink Kiadja a MAGYAR FÖLDRAJZI TÁRSASÁG A Nemzeti Kulturális Alap és a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia támogatásával A kiadásért felel: Dávid Lóránt Dénes Tördelés és nyomdai előkészítés: Bonex Press Kft. Borítóterv: Liszi János Nyomdai kivitelezés: Heiling Media Kiadó Kft. Telefon: (06-1) 231-4040 Készült 300 példányban 145. évfolyam, 1. szám HU ISSN 0015-5411 2021 Magyar Földr ajzi Társaság Földr ajzi Közlemények Alapítva: 1872 A Magyar Földrajzi Társaság tudományos folyóirata Tisztikar Elnök: CSORBA PÉTER egyetemi tanár Geographical Review • Geographische Mitteilungen Tiszteletbeli elnök: PApp-VÁRY ÁRPÁD ny. egyetemi tanár Bulletin Géographique • Bollettino Geografico • Географические Сообщения Alelnökök: MICHALKÓ GÁBOR tudományos tanácsadó, egyetemi tanár SZILAssI PÉTER egyetemi docens Főszerkesztő / Editor-in-Chief Főtitkár: DÁVID LÓRÁNT DÉNES egyetemi tanár DÁVID LÓRÁNT DÉNES Titkár: JENEY LÁSZLÓ egyetemi docens Felügyelőbizottság: KERESZTY PÉTER, NEMERKÉNYI ZSOMBOR, SZABÓ GYÖRGY Főszerkesztő helyettesek / Deputy Editors-in-Chief EGEDY TAMÁS (felelős szerkesztő / Managing editor), BOTTLIK ZSOLT Választmány AUBERT ANTAL szakosztályelnök, KOROMPAI ATTILA ny. egyetemi docens Szerkesztők / Editors intézetigazgató KOVÁcs ZOLTÁN akadémikus, egyetemi tanár HORVÁTH GERGELY, PApp SÁNDOR, JENEY LÁSZLÓ (olvasószerkesztő / Proofreader) BERNEK ÁGNES szakosztályelnök, főiskolai KOZMA GÁBOR tszv. egyetemi docens tanár KUBAssEK JÁNOS múzeumigazgató CSAPÓ JÁNOS (külkapcsolati menedzser / Manager for internationalisation) BUJDOSÓ ZOLTÁN főiskolai tanár KUNOS GÁBOR szakosztályelnök, DÁVID LÓRÁNT DÉNES osztályelnök, egyetemi villamosmér nök Szerkesztőbizottság / Editorial Board tanár LENNER TIBOR osztályelnök, tszv. egyetemi VEIT BACHMANN (DE), BENEDEK JÓZSEF (RO), DOMBAY ISTVÁN (RO), FÁBIÁN SZABOLCS, DOROGI LÁSZLÓNÉ középiskolai tanár docens Fodor Gyula (UA), Győri róbert, ionel Haidu (Fr), illéS Sándor, Steven Jobbitt (Ca), EGEDY TAMÁS tudományos főmunkatárs, LERNER JÁNOS osztályelnök KOZMA GÁBOR, LÓCZY DÉNES, PETER LUGOSI (UK), MÉSZÁROS MINUCSÉR (RS), egyetemi docens M. CSÁSZÁR ZSUZSANNA osztályelnök, MuCSi láSzló, Szabó GyörGy, timcsák Géza (Sk), tíMár Judit, ladiSlav tolMáči (Sk), FARSANG ANDREA egyetemi docens egyetemi docens FRISNYÁK SÁNDOR osztályelnök, ny. egyetemi MÁJAI CSABA osztályelnök THOMAS M. WILSON (US, IE) tanár MAKÁDI MARIANN szakosztályelnök, GERHARDTNÉ RUDLI ILONA ny. középiskolai főiskolai docens Tudományos Tanácsadó Testület / Scientific Advisory Board tanár MUcsI LÁSZLÓ osztályelnök, egyetemi docens ALEXANDR ARTEMYEV (KZ), MARIUSZ BARCZAK (PL), BARTA GYÖRGYI, GÖNCZI SÁNDOR osztályelnök, főiskolai docens NAGY BALÁZS egyetemi docens BELUSZKY PÁL, JÜRGEN BREUSTE (AT), BUJDOSÓ ZOLTÁN, GRUBER LÁSZLÓ középiskolai tanár PAP NORBERT osztályelnök, tszv. egyetemi CENTERI CSABA, CSORBA PÉTER, DÖVÉNYI ZOLTÁN, FRISNYÁK SÁNDOR, GYENIZSE PÉTER egyetemi docens tanár Győri róbert tszv. egyetemi docens PÁL VIKTOR egyetemi docens Grażyna FurGała-Selezniow (Pl), GábriS Gyula, Gál zoltán, GYURICZA LÁSZLÓ osztályelnök, egyetemi RADIcs ZSOLT egyetemi adjunktus yörGy ttilia uFnáGel evente orina aMelia lieş G o (RO), H l , d C i (RO), docens SIMON GYÖRGY középiskolai tanár kerényi attila, blaž koMaC (Si), Joanna kosmaCzewSka (Pl), GYURIS FERENC egyetemi adjunktus SISKÁNÉ SZILASI BEÁTA egyetemi docens kovács katalin, kocsiS károly, kovács zoltán, Mari láSzló, MezőSi Gábor, HEVESI ATTILA osztályelnök, ny. egyetemi SUBA JÁNOS szakosztályelnök, térképész MICHALKÓ GÁBOR, LADISLAV MURA (SK), PAJTÓKNÉ TARI ILONA, PAP NORBERT, tanár SZÖRÉNYINÉ KUKORELLI IRÉN osztályelnök, HUSZTI ZSOLT osztályelnök, intézetigazgató tudományos tanácsadó, egyetemi tanár PApp-VÁRY ÁRPÁD, MARIA PARADISO (IT), PENKSZA KÁROLY, KARANcsI ZOLTÁN tszv. egyetemi docens SzőllőSy láSzló középiskolai tanár ZILÁRD EHEL OSZET ROBÁLD ERENC NTON AN OMPAEY S L P (RO), P F , A V R (BE), KARÁTSON DÁVID szakosztályelnök, TEPERIcs KÁROLY osztályelnök, egyetemi MIHAELA SIMA (RO), PARIKSHAT SINGH MANHAS (IN), tszv. egyetemi tanár adjunktus SZABÓ JÓZSEF, SZABÓ SZILÁRD, SZILAssI PÉTER, TÓTH GÉZA, TARDY JÁNOS, KIS JÁNOS középiskolai tanár TIMÁR JUDIT osztályelnök, tudományos varaJti károly, Marek więCkowSki (Pl) KIss EDIT ÉVA tudományos tanácsadó, főmunkatárs egyetemi tanár TÓTH ANTAL osztályelnök, főiskolai docens KLINGHAMMER ISTVÁN szakosztályelnök, TÖMPE LÁSZLÓ szakosztályelnök, középiskolai akadémikus tanár A Földrajzi Közleményeket az alábbi adatbázisok indexelik: KOcsIS KÁROLY akadémikus, egyetemi tanár TRÓcsÁNYI ANDRÁS szakosztályelnök, Földrajzi Közlemények is abstracted/indexed in: EBSCO Information Services, KOPEK ANNAMÁRIA osztályelnök, tszv. egyetemi docens Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, Index Copernicus International, Crossref. osztályvezető VIZI ISTVÁN osztályelnök Szerkesztőség: 1112 Budapest, Budaörsi út 45. Telefon, fax: (06-1) 309-2683 E-mail: [email protected]. Honlap: www.foldrajzitarsasag.hu A Közgyűlés által megválasztott tiszteleti tagok a Magyar Földrajzi Társaság Az MTA X. Földtudományok Osztályán kiemelt státuszba sorolt folyóirat. Választmányának örökös tagjai. https://doi.org/10.32643/fk.145.1.1 Földrajzi Közlemények 2021. 145. 1. pp. 1–16. NAGYVÁROSOK A COVID-19 VÍRUSJÁRVÁNY IDEJÉN SZIRMAI VIKTÓRIA METROPOLISES AT THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Abstract Nowadays, metropolitan areas are especially affected by the negative economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Everyday life and the urban landscape have also changed in these areas significantly. Because of the current urban and social features, several scientific studies have started to profoundly dispute the positive evaluation of urban settlements. In addition to revealing the real responsibility of metropolises, and their specificities, in the spread of the virus, this paper intends to analyse the virus-related issues in four dimensions: firstly, it presents the different kinds of impact of COVID-19 in the Western and Eastern types of large cities or metropolises. Secondly, it shows how the virus spread from city to city in its (first) emergence period. In addition, the study deals with the determining factors, especially the sociological reasons for the appearance and the development of COVID-19 in large cities. Besides this, the paper hypothetically deals with the possible negative spatial structural consequences in urban areas, so that the metropolises will be able to prepare for the mitigation of the current and future pandemics. Finally, possible solutions for the protection of metropolises will be listed. Keywords: metropolises, social issues, new spatial-social structure, mitigation of pandemic Bevezetés: a nagyvárosok jövője Jogos feltételezés, hogy a 2019-es évek végén kirobbant, majd a 2020-as évek elejétől rohamosan terjedő, a világ nagyvárosait, globális városait különösképpen súlyosan érintő COVID-19 vírus világjárvány hatásai újraírják a mai nagyvárosok, a globális világvárosok korábbi értékeléseit, illetve megkérdőjelezik a nagyvárosokkal foglalkozó szakirodalmak alapvetően nagyváros párti beállítottságait. A COVID-19 világjárvány és annak kedvezőt- len egészségügyi következményei, a vírusfertőzöttségből fakadó, tömeges megbetegedések elsősorban nagyvárosi környezetben jelentek meg és onnan szóródtak szét más települések felé és okoztak különböző gazdasági és társadalmi problémákat. A kialakult kedvezőtlen jelenségek miatt a nagyvárosok jövőjével kapcsolatban viták alakultak ki: sokan úgy vélik, hogy nemcsak a globális városok, a nagyvárosok, hanem
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