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The Project Financing of Cross-Border Pipelines a Presentation to the Energy Charter Workshop Brussels
The Project Financing of Cross-Border Pipelines a presentation to the Energy Charter Workshop Brussels by Rubin Weston Chadbourne & Parke 17 October 2006 Regis House, 45 King William Street London EC4R 9AN Tel: +44 (0) 20 7337 8031 [email protected] © 2006, CHADBOURNE & PARKE All Rights Reserved Chadbourne & Parke: Legal Leaders in Energy Representing EBRD on the $180 million and $170 million financings of LUKoil’s and SOCAR’s respective investments in the Shah Deniz gas field and the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline Representing SOCAR on a $750 million loan facility in respect of the repayment of carry financing provided by TPAO and Exxon in respect of the ACG oil field and the financing of future cash calls Representing IFC on a $82 million loan to SC Petrotel-Lukoil SA to finance the modernisation of its refinery in Ploesti, Romania Represented Black Sea Trade and Development Bank and IFC on the financing of the Galata Gas Field, located offshore of Varna, Bulgaria in the Black Sea, the first limited recourse upstream project financing in the Black Sea Represented Transneft on a US $150 million syndicated receivable based financing facility arranged by Raiffeisen, Transneft’s first syndicated loan Represented IFC on the financing for a portion of LUKoil’s share of development of the Karachaganak field, the largest limited recourse petroleum project financing in Kazakhstan Represented Nations Energy on a US $150 million syndicated financing arranged by CSFB for the development of the Karazhanbas oil field in Kazakhstan and the -
Radoslav Horvat and Mirko Milic, Founders of Circuit Theory in Former
Radoslav Horvat and Mirko Milić Founders of Circuit Theory in Former Yugoslavia Ljiljana Milić, University of Belgrade, Serbia Ljiljana Trajković, Simon Fraser University, Canada Beginning • The beginning of circuit theory at the University of Belgrade is considered to be the year of 1956 when Professor Radoslav Horvat established the undergraduate course on “Theory of Electrical Circuits” in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. • In the same year, Mirko Milić took Position of a teaching assistant for electric circuit theory. • Through decades, Belgrade school of circuit theory became recognized worldwide, and had influenced develoPment of circuit theory at the other universities in Former Yugoslavia. ICECS, Batumi, Georgia, December 2017 2 Professor Radoslav Horvat • Born 1920, in Bečej (Serbia) • Graduated: electrical engineering (1947), mathemathics (1959), University of Belgrade • 1948 Assistant at the EE Institute of Serbian Academy of Sciences • EE Faculty University of Belgrade: 1950 lecturer, ass. Prof. 1954, assoc. Prof. 1959, Professor 1974, retired in 1985 • Sabbaticals: ImPerial College London 1951 and MIT USA 1960 • Prof. Horvat Passed away in December 2004 at the age of 84 ICECS, Batumi, Georgia, December 2017 3 Professor Radoslav Horvat • Professor Horvat realized early the imPortance of circuit theory for future engineers. • In 1956, he established a course on Theory of Electrical Circuits where he introduced the most uP-to-date toPics at that time dealing with circuit analysis. • Through decades, Prof. Horvat was responsible for education of thousands of EE students: future engineers, researchers, and scientists. • Excellent and Precise lectures and uP to date textbooks • Establishment of the modern Program of circuit theory at the University of Belgrade • SuPervision of a number of M.Sc. -
Trends of Aquatic Alien Species Invasions in Ukraine
Aquatic Invasions (2007) Volume 2, Issue 3: 215-242 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.3.8 Open Access © 2007 The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2007 REABIC Research Article Trends of aquatic alien species invasions in Ukraine Boris Alexandrov1*, Alexandr Boltachev2, Taras Kharchenko3, Artiom Lyashenko3, Mikhail Son1, Piotr Tsarenko4 and Valeriy Zhukinsky3 1Odessa Branch, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU); 37, Pushkinska St, 65125 Odessa, Ukraine 2Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas NASU; 2, Nakhimova avenue, 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine 3Institute of Hydrobiology NASU; 12, Geroyiv Stalingrada avenue, 04210 Kiyv, Ukraine 4Institute of Botany NASU; 2, Tereschenkivska St, 01601 Kiyv, Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] (BA), [email protected] (AB), [email protected] (TK, AL), [email protected] (PT) *Corresponding author Received: 13 November 2006 / Accepted: 2 August 2007 Abstract This review is a first attempt to summarize data on the records and distribution of 240 alien species in fresh water, brackish water and marine water areas of Ukraine, from unicellular algae up to fish. A checklist of alien species with their taxonomy, synonymy and with a complete bibliography of their first records is presented. Analysis of the main trends of alien species introduction, present ecological status, origin and pathways is considered. Key words: alien species, ballast water, Black Sea, distribution, invasion, Sea of Azov introduction of plants and animals to new areas Introduction increased over the ages. From the beginning of the 19th century, due to The range of organisms of different taxonomic rising technical progress, the influence of man groups varies with time, which can be attributed on nature has increased in geometrical to general processes of phylogenesis, to changes progression, gradually becoming comparable in in the contours of land and sea, forest and dimensions to climate impact. -
Georgia Transport Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map
Georgia Transport Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is preparing sector assessments and road maps to help align future ADB support with the needs and strategies of developing member countries and other development partners. The transport sector assessment of Georgia is a working document that helps inform the development of country partnership strategy. It highlights the development issues, needs and strategic assistance priorities of the transport sector in Georgia. The knowledge product serves as a basis for further dialogue on how ADB and the government can work together to tackle the challenges of managing transport sector development in Georgia in the coming years. About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.7 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 828 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. Georgia Transport Sector ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main Assessment, Strategy, instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. and Road Map TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS. Georgia. 2014 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.org Printed in the Philippines Georgia Transport Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map © 2014 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. -
Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas Region
MEDITERRANEAN, BLACK AND CASPIAN SEAS REGION 1 INTRODUCTION • Fellows from the region • National and Regional needs for the Region • Actions to be taken. • Recent developments on Maritime issues 2 Fellows from the Region • Republic of Bulgaria – 1 • Georgia – 1 • Islamic Republic of Iran – 3 • Turkey – 1 • Libya – 1 • Republic of Azerbaijan – 1 3 Republic of Bulgaria • To comply, implement and enforce the IMO Conventions namely Ballast Water Management Convention, Recycling Convention and HNS Convention. • To conclude agreement with neighboring countries e.g with Romania on delimitation of maritime spaces in Black Sea. • To assist the States in the region in their endeavor to comply with, implement and enforce the IMO conventions because the ratification and enforcement of existing IMO conventions by all Black sea countries will ensure a global level playing field. 4 • To elaborate the national Maritime Transport Strategy with its priority areas, namely shipping in globalized markets, human resources, quality shipping, short sea shipping, research and innovation • To conclude search and rescue agreements between the countries in the Black Sea region • These are national and regional needs for the Republic of Bulgaria. 5 Islamic Republic of Iran Issues regarding environmental legislation, national action and delimitation of maritime boundaries •Inadequate marine and coastal management laws. •Insufficient legislation to protect coastal and marine natural resources. •Overlapping and conflicting laws regarding marine and coastal management. • Lack of internationally legally recognized regime applicable to exploration and exploitation of the shared natural resources. 6 Actions to be taken • Strengthen the legal framework regarding coastal and marine environment protection • Coordinating and managing environmental conflicts among various organizations. -
Academic Calendars
ERASMUS+ KA107 SELECT YEAR: 2019/20 HOME ERASMUS+ PARTNERS SCHOLARSHIPS FINANCIAL CONDITIONS COURSES IN UAH CONTACTS APPLY ACADEMIC CALENDARS (including examination periods) Autumn Semester-2019 Spring Semester-2020 Resit Examinations Country University Start End Start End Start End UAH-University of Alcalá (BACHELOR studies) 09-09-2019 07-02-2020 21-01-2020 05-06-2020 10-06-2020 17-07-2020 Spain UAH-University of Alcalá (MASTER studies) 23-09-2019 14-02-2020 03-02-2020 12-06-2020 15-06-2020 17-07-2020 Serbia UNS-University of Novi Sad 01-10-2019 15-01-2020 15-02-2020 30-06-2020 01-09-2020 30-09-2020 Russia SPBU-State University of Saint Petersburg 01-09-2019 31-01-2020 10-02-2020 30-06-2020 09-01-2020 15-02-2020 Russia HSE-University and Higher School of Economics 01-09-2019 31-12-2019 09-01-2020 30-06-2020 01-09-2020 15-10-2020 Belarus YKSUG-Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno Georgia CIU-Caucasus International University 15-10-2019 12-02-2020 16-03-2020 25-07-2020 Georgia SSU-Sokhumi State University 01-09-2019 31-12-2019 01-02-2020 31-05-2020 Georgia GEU-Georgian-European Higher Education Institution 01-09-2019 29-02-2020 01-03-2020 31-07-2020 Georgia BSU-Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University 16-09-2019 08-02-2020 10-02-2020 27-06-2020 Georgia ATSU-Akaki Tsereteli State University 15-09-2019 29-02-2020 01-03-2020 15-07-2020 Georgia GTU-Georgian Technical University 23-09-2019 15-02-2020 17-02-2020 19-07-2020 Georgia GAU-Georgian American University 15-09-2019 15-01-2020 01-02-2020 31-05-2020 CU-Caucasus University (BACHELOR -
A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region a Report by the Commission on the Black Sea
A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region A Report by the Commission on the Black Sea www.blackseacom.eu An initiative of: The Black eaS Trust for Regional Cooperation A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region A Report by the Commission on the Black Sea Contents Why read this Report? 4 What is the Commission on the Black Sea? 7 Executive Summary 12 Резюме выводов 15 Yönetici Özeti 19 The Report Introduction: The State of Play 22 Peace and Security 28 Economic Development and Welfare 31 Democratic Institutions and Good Governance 34 Regional Cooperation 36 Conclusions 38 Policy Recommendations 40 The Black Sea in Figures 45 Abbreviations 65 Initiators 67 The Rapporteurs, Editor and Acknowledgements 69 Imprint 70 3 Why read this Report? Why read this Report? … because the Black Sea matters The Black Sea region is coming into its own - but it is a contested and sometimes dangerous neighbourhood. It has undergone countless political transformations over time. And now, once again, it is becoming the subject of an intense debate. This reflects the changing dynamics of the Black Sea countries and the complex realities of their politics and conflicts, economies and societies. Geography, the interests of others and the region’s relations with the rest of the world in large part explain its resurgence. Straddling Europe and Asia, the Black Sea links north to south and east to west. Oil, gas, transport and trade routes are all crucial in explaining its increasing relevance. In the last two decades the Black Sea has changed beyond recognition. We have witnessed the transformation of the former communist societies and the impact of globalisation. -
News Digest on Georgia
NEWS DIGEST ON GEORGIA September 9-11 Compiled by: Aleksandre Davitashvili Date: September 12, 2019 Occupied Regions Tskhinvali Region (so called South Ossetia) 1. Georgian FM, OSCE chair discuss situation along occupation line The Chair of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Slovak Foreign Minister Miroslav Lajčák, met with the Georgian Foreign Minister David Zalkaliani earlier today. Particular attention was paid to the recent developments in two Russian occupied regions of Georgia: Abkhazia and Tskhinvali (South Ossetia) (Agenda.ge, September 10, 2019). 2. Gov‟t says occupying forces continue illegal works on Tbilisi-administered territory The Georgian State Security (SSS) says that the occupying forces are carrying out illegal works at two locations within Tbilisi-administered territory, near the village of Chorchana, in the Khashuri municipality. The agency reports that the European Union Monitoring mission (EUMM) and participants of the Geneva International Discussions will cooperate to address the problem (Agenda.ge, September 11, 2019). Foreign Affairs 3. Georgian clerics in David Gareji report construction of „two huge barracks‟ by Azerbaijan Georgian clerics in the 6th Century David Gareji monastery complex, which lies on the conditional border with Azerbaijan, have reported the construction of „two huge barracks by Azerbaijan right near the monastery complex.‟ “It is a sign that Azerbaijan has no plans to leave the territory of the monastery complex,” Archimandrite Kirion told local media. He stated that the number of Azerbaijani border guards has been increased to 70-80 since the beginning of the year and when the barracks are completed the number “is likely to reach 300.” Kirion says that Azerbaijan has provided electricity “from an 18 kilometer distance [for the barracks], and made an inscription on the rock of the Udabno Monastery that „death for the homeland is a big honor.” (Agenda.ge, September 9, 2019). -
The Southern Gas Corridor
Energy July 2013 THE SOUTHERN GAS CORRIDOR The recent decision of The State Oil Company of The EU Energy Security and Solidarity Action Plan the Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR) and its consortium identified the development of a Southern Gas partners to transport the Shah Deniz gas through Corridor to supply Europe with gas from Caspian Southern Europe via the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) and Middle Eastern sources as one of the EU’s is a key milestone in the creation of the Southern “highest energy securities priorities”. Azerbaijan, Gas Corridor. Turkmenistan, Iraq and Mashreq countries (as well as in the longer term, when political conditions This Briefing examines the origins, aims and permit, Uzbekistan and Iran) were identified development of the Southern Gas Corridor, including as partners which the EU would work with to the competing proposals to deliver gas through it. secure commitments for the supply of gas and the construction of the pipelines necessary for its Background development. It was clear from the Action Plan that the EU wanted increased independence from In 2007, driven by political incidents in gas supplier Russia. The EU Commission President José Manuel and transit countries, and the dependence by some Barroso stated that the EU needs “a collective EU Member States on a single gas supplier, the approach to key infrastructure to diversify our European Council agreed a new EU energy and energy supply – pipelines in particular. Today eight environment policy. The policy established a political Member States are reliant on just one supplier for agenda to achieve the Community’s core energy 100% of their gas needs – this is a problem we must objectives of sustainability, competitiveness and address”. -
Assemblée Générale Distr
Nations Unies A/HRC/13/21/Add.3 Assemblée générale Distr. générale 14 janvier 2010 Français Original: anglais Conseil des droits de l’homme Treizième session Point 3 de l’ordre du jour Promotion et protection de tous les droits de l’homme, civils, politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels, y compris le droit au développement Rapport soumis par le Représentant du Secrétaire général pour les droits de l’homme des personnes déplacées dans leur propre pays, Walter Kälin* Additif Suite donnée au rapport sur la mission en Géorgie (A/HRC/10/13/Add.2)** * Soumission tardive. ** Le résumé du présent rapport est distribué dans toutes les langues officielles. Le rapport, qui est joint en annexe au résumé, n’est distribué que dans la langue originale. GE.10-10252 (F) 250110 260110 A/HRC/13/21/Add.3 Résumé Le Représentant du Secrétaire général pour les droits de l’homme des personnes déplacées dans leur propre pays s’est rendu, les 5 et 6 novembre 2009, dans la région de Tskhinvali (Ossétie du Sud) afin de donner suite à la mission qu’il avait effectuée en Géorgie en octobre 2008. Il a pu avoir accès à toutes les zones qu’il avait demandé à voir, y compris à la région de Tskhinvali et aux districts d’Akhalgori et de Znauri, et il a tenu des consultations franches et ouvertes avec les autorités de facto d’Ossétie du Sud. En raison du conflit d’août 2008, 19 381 personnes ont été déplacées au-delà de la frontière de facto, tandis que, selon les estimations, entre 10 000 et 15 000 personnes ont été déplacées à l’intérieur de la région de Tskhinvali (Ossétie du Sud). -
Turkish President Turgut Özal's Impact on Nursultan
TURKISH PRESIDENT TURGUT ÖZAL’S IMPACT ON NURSULTAN NAZARBAYEV’S PERCEPTION OF TURKEY* Nursultan Nazarbayev'ın Türkiye Algısına Tugut Özal'ın Etkisi Din Muhammed AMETBEK** Abstract Nursultan Nazarbayev as the founding President of Kazakhstan played a determinant role in the formation of Kazakh foreign policy. In this respect, the article examines Nazarbayev’s perception of Turkey as a decision maker in foreign policy are based on observation rather than realities. Nazarbayev is aware of the fact that the national identity of Kazakhstan is divided between two competing poles; Russian and Kazakh, in a broader sense; Slavic and Turkic. From this perspective, Nazarbayev’s perception of Turkey is significant as it is not only related to foreign policy but at the same time the national identity of Kazakhstan. The study argues that the President of Republic of Turkey of early 1990s Turgut Özal with his active diplomacy towards Kazakhstan contributed to the positive image of Turkey. The research concludes that close and reliable relations between Nazarbayev and Özal became the basis of a strategic part- nership between Kazakhstan and Turkey. Keywords: Turgut Özal, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Perception, National Identity Özet Kazakistan’ın kurucu Cumhurbaşkanı Nursultan Nazarbayev’in, Kazak dış politi- kasının oluşumunda belirleyici rol üstlendiği kesindir. Bu bağlamda, makale, Nazarba- yev’in Türkiye algısını ele almaktadır. Çünkü inşacı ekolün iddiasına dış politika kararları gerçeklere değil algı üzerine alınmaktadır. Nazarbayev Kazakistan’ın ulusal kimliğinin Rus ve Kazak olarak, daha geniş kapsamda Slav ve Türk olarak yarışan iki kutba ayrıldığının farkındadır. Buradan hareketle, Nazarbayev’in Türkiye algısı, yal- nızca dış politika açısından değil aynı zamanda Kazakistan’ın ulusal kimliği açısından da önemlidir. -
Modeling of the Turkish Strait System Using a High Resolution Unstructured Grid Ocean Circulation Model
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Modeling of the Turkish Strait System Using a High Resolution Unstructured Grid Ocean Circulation Model Mehmet Ilicak 1,* , Ivan Federico 2 , Ivano Barletta 2,3 , Sabri Mutlu 4 , Haldun Karan 4 , Stefania Angela Ciliberti 2 , Emanuela Clementi 5 , Giovanni Coppini 2 and Nadia Pinardi 3 1 Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey 2 Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Ocean Predictions and Applications Division, 73100 Lecce, Italy; [email protected] (I.F.); [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (S.A.C.); [email protected] (G.C.) 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universita di Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 4 TUBITAK MRC Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (H.K.) 5 Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Ocean Modeling and Data Assimilation Division, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Turkish Strait System, which is the only connection between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, is a challenging region for ocean circulation models due to topographic constraints and water mass structure. We present a newly developed high resolution unstructured finite element grid model to simulate the Turkish Strait System using realistic atmospheric forcing and lateral open boundary conditions. We find that the jet flowing from the Bosphorus Strait into the Marmara creates Citation: Ilicak, M.; Federico, I.; an anticyclonic circulation. The eddy kinetic energy field is high around the jets exiting from the Barletta, I.; Mutlu, S.; Karan, H.; Ciliberti, S.A.; Clementi, E.; Coppini, Bosphorus Strait, Dardanelles Strait, and also the leeward side of the islands in the Marmara Sea.