Project Performance Evaluation Report: Roads Development Project
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Transport plays a crucial role in the efficient functioning of the domestic economy as well as development of international trade due to dependence on both coal-based energy production and imports. However, the issues in the transport sector of Mongolia are mainly derived from the salient features of a landlocked country with a low population and a long distance between population centers. A major characteristics of transportation in Mongolia is the collection and distribution by road of both passenger traffic and cargo transport from the north-south transport axis centering on Ulaanbaatar. The main north-south axis comprises both rail and road. Within road transport, the density of arterial road network remains very low and unpaved earth roads or multiple shifting tracks occupy a large portion of arterial roads. More than 30% of population and a half of national car ownership are concentrated in Ulaanbaatar City, while very low level of mobility is found in rural area because non-motorized traffic such as horse and cart prevails. Recently, such gap of mobility level is increasing. Under such circumstances, in response to the request of the Government of Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as "GOM"), the Government of Japan decided to conduct the Feasibility Study on Construction of Eastern Arterial Road in Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as "the Study"), in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations in force in Japan. Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter referred to as "JICA"), the official agency responsible for the implementation of the technical cooperation programs of the Government of Japan, dispatched the preparatory study team headed by Mr. -
Tuul River Mongolia
HEALTHY RIVERS FOR ALL Tuul River Basin Report Card • 1 TUUL RIVER MONGOLIA BASIN HEALTH 2019 REPORT CARD Tuul River Basin Report Card • 2 TUUL RIVER BASIN: OVERVIEW The Tuul River headwaters begin in the Lower As of 2018, 1.45 million people were living within Khentii mountains of the Khan Khentii mountain the Tuul River basin, representing 46% of Mongolia’s range (48030’58.9” N, 108014’08.3” E). The river population, and more than 60% of the country’s flows southwest through the capital of Mongolia, GDP. Due to high levels of human migration into Ulaanbaatar, after which it eventually joins the the basin, land use change within the floodplains, Orkhon River in Orkhontuul soum where the Tuul lack of wastewater treatment within settled areas, River Basin ends (48056’55.1” N, 104047’53.2” E). The and gold mining in Zaamar soum of Tuv aimag and Orkhon River then joins the Selenge River to feed Burenkhangai soum of Bulgan aimag, the Tuul River Lake Baikal in the Russian Federation. The catchment has emerged as the most polluted river in Mongolia. area is approximately 50,000 km2, and the river itself These stressors, combined with a growing water is about 720 km long. Ulaanbaatar is approximately demand and changes in precipitation due to global 470 km upstream from where the Tuul River meets warming, have led to a scarcity of water and an the Orkhon River. interruption of river flow during the spring. The Tuul River basin includes a variety of landscapes Although much research has been conducted on the including mountain taiga and forest steppe in water quality and quantity of the Tuul River, there is the upper catchment, and predominantly steppe no uniform or consistent assessment on the state downstream of Ulaanbaatar City. -
Tuul River Basin Basin
GOVERNMENT OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MONGOLIA I II III AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT Physical, Tuul river Socio-Economic geographical basin water Development and natural resource and and Future condition of water quality trend of the Tuul river Tuul River basin Basin IV V VI Water Water use Negative TUUL RIVER BASIN supply, water balance of the impacts on consumption- Tuul river basin basin water INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN use and water resources demand, hydro- constructions VII VIII IX Main challenges River basin The organization and strategic integrated and control of objectives of the water resources the activities to river basin water management implement the Tuul management plan plan measures River Basin IWM INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN plan Address: TUUL RIVER BASIN “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project Chingunjav Street, Bayangol District Ulaanbaatar-16050, Mongolia Tel/Fax: 362592, 363716 Website: http://iwrm.water.mn E-mail: [email protected] Ulaanbaatar 2012 Annex 1 of the Minister’s order ¹ A-102 of Environment and Green Development, dated on 03 December, 2012 TUUL RIVER BASIN INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (Phase 1, 2013-2015; Phase 2, 2016-2021) Ulaanbaatar 2012 DDC 555.7’015 Tu-90 This plan was developed within the framework of the “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project, funded by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands at Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Project Project Project Consulting Team National Director -
Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture in Mongolia Using SMAP and MODIS Satellite Data: a Time Series Model (2010–2025)
remote sensing Article Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture in Mongolia Using SMAP and MODIS Satellite Data: A Time Series Model (2010–2025) Enkhjargal Natsagdorj 1,2,* , Tsolmon Renchin 2, Philippe De Maeyer 1 and Bayanjargal Darkhijav 3 1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] 2 NUM-ITC-UNESCO Laboratory for Space Science and Remote Sensing, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia; [email protected] 3 Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Applied Science and Engineering, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Soil moisture is one of the essential variables of the water cycle, and plays a vital role in agriculture, water management, and land (drought) and vegetation cover change as well as climate change studies. The spatial distribution of soil moisture with high-resolution images in Mongolia has long been one of the essential issues in the remote sensing and agricultural community. In this research, we focused on the distribution of soil moisture and compared the monthly precipi- tation/temperature and crop yield from 2010 to 2020. In the present study, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were used, including the MOD13A2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), MOD11A2 Land Surface Temperature (LST), and precipitation/temperature monthly data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) from 2010 to 2020 over Mongolia. Multiple linear regression methods have previously been used for soil moisture estimation, and in this study, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Arima (ARIMA) model was used for soil moisture forecasting. -
CBD Fifth National Report
CONVENTION ON CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA biolohJA JJa folea YeehcO beiide& oa KnWWn}A. T HE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGI 5 T H N A T IO N AL R EPO RT C AL DIVERSITY OF M O N GOLIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, Government building II, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, United Nation’s street 5/2, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA TH Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar 15160, NUM, Building-2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia THE 5 NATIONAL REPORT OF Mongolia P.O.Box 537, Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Tel: 976-51-266197 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 976-99180148; 976-88305909; 976-88083058 MONGOLIA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Designed by Mongolica Publishing 2014 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 2014 CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FINANCED BY: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY-MONGOLIA GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA REPORT COMPILERS: COMPILED BY: S. GOMBOBAATAR STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, NUM S. MYAGMARSUREN N. CONABOY М. Мunkhjargal TAXON COMPILERS: PLANT: B. OYUNTSETSEG, M. URGAMAL INVERTEBRATE: S. GANTIGMAA Fish, aMphibian, reptile: kh. Тerbish BIRD: S. GOMBOBAATAR MAMMAL: S. SHAR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: EDITORS: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES D. BATBOLD MONGOLIAN ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY -
Map of Study Area the FEASIBILITY STUDY on CONSTRUCTION of EASTERN ARTERIAL ROAD in MONGOLIA
ROAD NETWORK OF MONGOLIA Study Area Khankh Khandgait Ulaanbaishint Ulaangom Sukhbaatar Altanbulag Ereentsav Tsagaannuur Baga ilenkh A 0305 Ulgii Murun Bayan-uul Khavirga Darkhan Dorgon Dayan Norovlin Khovd Zavkanmandal Erdenet Sumber Bulgan Choibalsan Bayanchandman Baganuur Berkh Mankhan Tosontsengel Ulaanbaatar Uliastai Lun Kharkhorin Undurkhaan Yarantai Erdenetsagaan Bulgan Erdenesant Zuunmod A0304 Tsetserleg Maanti Baruun-urt Bichigt sum Choir Arvaikheer Altai Bayankhongor Mandalgobi Legend: Paved road Sainshand Burgastai Zamin-Uud Bogd sum Gravel road Dalanzadgad Formed earth road MILLENNIUM ROAD A0203 Earth road Center of province VERTICAL ARTERIAL ROAD Gashuun-Suhait Shivee huren Map of Study Area THE FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION OF EASTERN ARTERIAL ROAD IN MONGOLIA Photographs of Study Area (1) 1) Current Road Condition Multiple shifting tracks are widely spread on plane area. It heavily affects vegetation and often leads to desertification. It also extends vehicle operating distance and time, resulting high transport cost. 2) Road Condition in Winter Multiple shifting tracks are covered with snow in winter and become slippery due to uneven surface together with compacted snow. Vehicular movement becomes risky and travel speed is forced to decrease considerably. 3) Existing Wooden Bridge Existing wooden bridge is severely deteriorated and danger always exists for heavy vehicles to go across. This is serious cause of disruption for traffic to cross the river. Heavy vehicles go across the river only when the flow is shallow. THE FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION OF EASTERN ARTERIAL ROAD IN MONGOLIA Photographs of Study Area (2) 4) Existing the Kherlen River & Bridge The flow of the Kherlen River narrows at the point of the picture. -
Emergency Appeal Final Report Mongolia: Severe Winter
Emergency Appeal Final Report Mongolia: Severe winter Emergency Appeal n° MDRMN006 Glide n° CW-2017-000001 Date of Issue: 10 September 2018 Glide number: CW-2017-000001-MNG Date of disaster: 20 December 2016 Operation start date: 4 January 2017 Operation end date: 2 February 2018 Host National Society(ies): Mongolian Red Cross Society Operation budget: CHF856,387 Number of people affected: 157,000 people Number of people assisted: 11,264 people (2,740 households) N° of National Societies involved in the operation: Mongolian Red Cross Society, National Society works with International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in this operation as well as current Partner National Societies: Australian Red Cross, British Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross Society, Finnish Red Cross, Swedish Fed Cross, and the Republic of Korea National Red Cross. The MRCS expresses its sincere gratitude to all the partners, and donors for their support towards helping vulnerable herders in Mongolia. N° of other partner organizations involved in the operation: National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) of Mongolia, local governments, USAID, UN and its agencies, World Vision International, Save the Children, Caritas Czech, People in Need (PIN), G-Mobile, World Animal Protection Organization. Emergency Appeal History: • 17 December 2016: An information bulletin is issued highlighting the upcoming dzud and its potential impacts, especially in the northern part of country. It also indicates that shortage of food is already impacting more than 16,000 families that had to move to new pastures. • 20 December 2016: The Government of Mongolia officially sent letters to the Mongolian Red Cross Society (MRCS) and other humanitarian actors in the country to request international assistance for the most vulnerable herder households who are experiencing extreme winter conditions. -
Severe Winter 27 May 2010
Emergency appeal n° MDRMN004 Mongolia: GLIDE n° CW-2010-000010-MNG Operations update n° 2 Severe winter 27 May 2010 Period covered by this Ops Update: 23 April to 20 May 2010 Appeal target (current): CHF 1,062,295 Appeal coverage: 71% <click here to go directly to the updated donor response list, or here to contact details> Appeal history: • This Emergency Appeal was launched on 29 March 2010, seeking CHF 1,062,295 for six months period in order to assist 13,600 beneficiaries in 13 provinces whose vulnerability and needs have dramatically increased due to the seriousness of the climatic and social situation and its worsening. • Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF): CHF 100,000 (USD 93,924 or EUR 70,006) was allocated from the Federation’s DREF to support the national society in this operation. Unearmarked funds to replenish DREF are encouraged. Mr. Ganbaatar’s family was entitled to food and non-food assistance from the DREF cold waves operation in March 2010 because the family has lost all the animals that belonged to them as well as those they were herding for a wage. In addition, the family has more than 3 children under 16 and mother is breastfeeding. During IFRC visit in April, it was reported that their food reserve will be enough until mid May and after that, the family will have no other solution to feed their children. Left without a single animal in the yard and having no alternative livelihood option, the parents were more than devastated about their children’s future but hide their emotions and worries to keep the family atmosphere warm and happy. -
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS and POVERTY MAP-2011 Region, Aimag, Soum and DISTRICT Level Results
NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE OF MONGOLIA MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POVERTY MAP-2011 REGION, AIMAG, SOUM AND DISTRICT LEVEL RESUlts Harold Coulombe Gereltuya Altankhuyag 2012 DDC 362. 5 G-38 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POVERTY MAP-2011 REGION, AIMAG, SOUM AND DISTRICT LEVEL RESUlts National Statistical Office of Mongolia Poverty and MDGs Monitoring and Assessment System Support Pilot Project, UNDP Ministry of Economic Development of Mongolia Suite 124, United Nations Street 5/1, Chingeltei District Ulaanbaatar-15015, Mongolia Tel: (976-51)-261-571 ISBN 978-99962-1-818-7 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POVERTY MAP-2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................................4 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................6 I. POVERTY MAPPING METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................7 Monetary Poverty .......................................................................................................................7 Non-monetary Poverty ...............................................................................................................7 II. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................8 -
Nature and Science 2015;13(2)
Nature and Science 2015;13(2) http://www.sciencepub.net/nature Spatial planning issues of intensive gravity and influence zone of the capital Ulaanbaatar city Bazarkhand Ts1, Munkhnaran S1, Chinbat B1 and Myagmartseren P1 1Department of Geography, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia [email protected] Abstract: The intensive gravity and influence zone of the capital city is a main space for Ulaanbaatar city decentralization and the core object to regional planning for the capital. The intensive gravity and influence zone of the capital city should be restructured for better planning and development of Ulaanbaatar region. Thereto micro zones of the intense gravity and influence zone are created through internal zoning and should be developed with precise development functions. To develop above-mentioned micro zones, major and sub centers and development policy are established based on a group settlement scheme. Development of micro zones in the intense gravity and influence zones are significant to produce urban construction, land management and city’s regional development plans for the reason that it is critical to define regional planning tendency without considering the number of population, employment, other socio-economic characteristics and spatial gravity of settlements and administrative units located in the intensive gravity zone of Ulaanbaatar city. [Bazarkhand Ts, Munkhnaran S, Chinbat B and Myagmartseren P. Spatial planning issues of intensive gravity and influence zone of the capital Ulaanbaatar city. Nat Sci 2015;13(2):88-93]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13 Keywords: intensive gravity and influence zone of capital city, micro zone, group settlement system 1. -
Peri-Urban Rangeland Land Productivity Monitoring and Evaluation
Peri-Urban Rangeland Land Productivity Monitoring and Evaluation Final Report 31 August 2018 By: Justin Van Zee Ericha Courtright Darren James USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range Las Cruces, NM USA With contributions from: Jeffrey Herrick Daniel Rubenson 1 List of Acronyms ARS Agricultural Research Service CPR Center for Policy Research DIMA Database for Inventory Monitoring and Assessment ERR Economic Rate of Return IPA Innovations for Poverty Action JER Jornada Experimental Range LPI Line-point intercept MCA-M Millennium Challenge Account-Mongolia MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation MSRM Mongolian Society for Range Management NAMEM National Agency for Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring NFPUG National Federation of Pasture User Groups NGO PIU Project Implementation Unit PURLS Peri-Urban Rangeland Leasing Survey PURP Peri-Urban Rangeland Project RCT Randomized Controlled Trial SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation USDA United States Department of Agriculture 2 Table of Contents List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 2 Expanded Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 5 a. Overview of Compact and Intervention(s) Evaluated ......................................................... 5 b. Evaluation Type, Questions, Methodology ......................................................................... 5 c. Implementation Summary ................................................................................................... -
Additional Study to the Changes of the Socio-Economic Situation of Bornuur Soum 2 Years After the Report
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Mongolia – A contribution to sustainable development? Study on socio-economic changes in Bornuur soum centre after foundation of XAMO Company by Robert Sandmann Ulaanbaatar – October 2010 Prepared for: Contents 1. Foreword 3 2. Introduction 2.1 The Small-scale gold mining sector in Mongolia 5 2.2 Introduction to Bornuur soum / Tuv aimag 7 3. Research methodology 3.1 Evaluation of publications about Bornuur soum and small-scale 10 gold mining in Mongolia 3.2 Expert interviews 10 3.3 Interviews with a standardized questionnaire 10 3.4 Visualization of the socio-economic situation and the changes 11 between 2008 and 2010 by charts, a thematic map and photos 3.5 Observations 11 4. Small-scale gold mining in Bornuur soum 4.1 The small-scale gold mining sector in Bornuur soum and the 12 usage of mercury until beginning of 2008 4.2 The foundation of XAMO Company in 2008 13 4.3 The XAMO Company today 14 4.4 How much a small-scale gold miner does earn per month? 18 5. Present economic situation in Bornuur soum centre 5.1 Spatial distribution of shops and services in Bornuur soum centre 19 Map of the spatial distribution of shops and services 20 5.2 Development and change of businesses in Bornuur soum centre 21 5.3 Evaluation and interpretation of standardized interviews 24 6. Conclusions and Recommendations 29 Annex 32 About the author 33 2 1. Foreword Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is a typical occupation and source of income in developing countries all over the world.