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CONVENTION ON CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA biolohJA JJa folea YeehcO beiide& oa KnWWn}A. T HE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGI 5 T H N A T IO N AL R EPO RT C AL DIVERSITY OF M O N GOLIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, Government building II, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, United Nation’s street 5/2, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA TH Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar 15160, NUM, Building-2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia THE 5 NATIONAL REPORT OF Mongolia P.O.Box 537, Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Tel: 976-51-266197 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 976-99180148; 976-88305909; 976-88083058 MONGOLIA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Designed by Mongolica Publishing 2014 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 2014 CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FINANCED BY: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY-MONGOLIA GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA REPORT COMPILERS: COMPILED BY: S. GOMBOBAATAR STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, NUM S. MYAGMARSUREN N. CONABOY М. Мunkhjargal TAXON COMPILERS: PLANT: B. OYUNTSETSEG, M. URGAMAL INVERTEBRATE: S. GANTIGMAA Fish, aMphibian, reptile: kh. Тerbish BIRD: S. GOMBOBAATAR MAMMAL: S. SHAR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: EDITORS: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES D. BATBOLD MONGOLIAN ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY S. GOMBOBAATAR ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON N. CONABOY THE NATURE CONSERVANCY TRANSLATORS: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE E. unurjargal FOREST RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT М. Мunkhjargal INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTRE LAYOUT, DESIGN, AND PHOTOGRAPHS: NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING CENTRE ©MONGOLICA PUBLISHING ADMINISTRATION OF LAND AFFAIRS, GEODESY AND CARTOGRAPHY Mongolica Рublishing Contact Address: WORLD WIDE FUND ILDLIFE ONSERVATION OCIETY W C S Ministry of Environment and Green Development WILDLIFE SCIENCE AND CONSERVATION CENTRE Government building II, United Nation’s street 5/2, SNOW LEOPARD CONSERVATION FUND Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia NATIONAL LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCE CENTRE MONGOLIAN SOCIETY FOR RANGELAND MANAGEMENT Tel: 976-51-266197 ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION CENTRE, NUM E-mail: [email protected] Steppe Forward Programme, Biology Department, National University of Mongolia NUM, Building-2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia P.O.Box 537, Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Tel: 976-99180148; 976-88305909; 976-88083058 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ABBREVIATIONS ALAGAC- Administration of Land Affairs, Geodesy and Cartography Table of Contents CBD- Convention on Biological Diversity FAO- Food and Agriculture Organization ABBREVIATIONS . 7 GEF- Global Environmental Facility FOREWORD . 8 GIZ- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 10 IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature CHAPTER 1. STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS OF BIODIVERSITY, AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LPA- Local Protected Area WELL-BEING OF HUMAN LIVES MAS- Mongolian Academy of Science CLIMATE CHANGE . 15 MCST- Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism WATER SHORTAGE . 16 MCC- Millennium Challenge Corporation LAND USE . 17 MDG- Millennium Development Goals DESERTIFICATIOIN . 18 FLORA MEGD- Ministry of Environment and Green Development VASCULAR PLANTS . 21 MEDS- Ministry of Education and Sciences LICHEN . 24 MNET- Ministry of Natural Environment and Tourism (former) MOSS . 26 MOS- Mongolian Ornithological Society FUNGUS . 26 MSUE- Mongolian State University of Education FAUNA NAMEM- National Agency of Meteorology and Environment Monitoring INSECT AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES . 29 NPA- National Protected Area FISH . 36 NBAP- National Biodiversity Action Plan AMPHIBIAN . 41 REPTILE . 45 NBSAP- National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan BIRD . 50 NGO- Non-Government Organization MAMMAL . 58 NUM- National University of Mongolia CHAPTER 2: THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN, THE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY SDC- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation AND AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS TNC- The Nature Conservancy TARGET 1-5 . 64 US- United States TARGET 6-10 . 81 UNDP- United Nations Development Programme TARGET 11-15 . 90 UNEP- United Nations Environmental Programme TARGET 16- 20 . 104 CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION - PROGRESS TOWARDS THE AICHI 2011-2020 BIODIVERSITY TARGETS UNFAO- United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization CONCLUSION . 110 WCS- Wildlife Conservation Society REFERENCES . 131 WSCC- Wildlife Science and Conservation Centre ANNEX AND APPENDIX . 138 WWF- World Wide Fund for Nature ZSL- Zoological Society of London CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FOREWORD Conserving our natural world, which forms the In the frame of implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity, I am basis for human health, well-being and develop- pleased to see that the work to study, conserve and ensure the sustainable use of ment, is the responsibility of every individual, or- biodiversity has more success stories than failures. Despite all the good work that ganisation and nation on the planet. The Conven- has been conducted, however, I would like to highlight that there is still a great tion on Biological Diversity, which aims to facilitate deal of work to be done. It is important that we move forward to cooperate and this, was opened for signature at the United Na- increase our efforts regarding issues of desertification, pollution, invasive species, tions conference on Environment and Develop- research and conservation of endangered wildlife, and the sustainable use of our ment in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, many countries species in order to lead us towards green development. have since joined the convention and are cooper- ating in numerous ways to conserve the world’s It is hoped those reading this National Report will be able to judge the rate of biodiversity. Mongolia became a signatory in 1993, success which Mongolia has achieved in working towards its first National Biodiver- and subsequently the Mongolian Government introduced the National Biodiversity sity Action Plan and the Aichi 2012-2020 Biodiversity Targets. Action Plan in 1996. I would like to thank the ministries, agencies, scientists, researchers and non- To appreciate biodiversity one needs to have an understanding beyond spe- government organisations which provided valuable information and data for the cies level, to be able to see the natural world in a broader context which involves report. genetic diversity, habitats, invasive species, environmental factors and natural dy- namics and systems. I believe that together we can continue our valued efforts towards the conser- vation of biodiversity, not just for the benefit of Mongolia but also for the world as In the frame of the National Biodiversity Action Plan, Mongolia has been taking a whole. measures and implementing various activities to study and conserve biodiversity and to ensure the sustainable use of it for human well-being. Today, 18 years since Mongolia released its first National Biodiversity Action Plan, we are planning to take on the responsibility to update and enrich it. Parliament member, As Mongolia is a signed party to the Convention on Biological Diversity, ratified Member of Mongolian Government, by UN Assembly, our responsibilities are to fulfil the provision of the convention, for Minister of Environment and Green Development which we present the Fifth National Report to the Convention and the wider pub- Dr. S.Oyun lic. The report includes the measures undertaken since 2009 towards the National Biodiversity Action Plan and the Aichi Targets and the progress, results, success and challenges of implementation. The report has been produced according to the guidelines of the Secretariat of the Convention and developed in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment and Green Development, international and national government and non-government organisations and researchers. THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT CHAPTER 1 MONGOLIA 2014 -8- THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT CHAPTER 1 MONGOLIA 2014 -9- CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Negative impacts are: • Degradation of oasis systems in the Gobi and desert regions, which are used by EXECUTIVE herders and farmers; shrubs and willows which are vital to the oasis system became re- S U M M A R Y gionally extinct between studies in 2006 and 2010. • Distribution range of many fish has decreased. During the previous 13-14 years, STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT the water level of lakes and rivers in the Gobi region has lowered to its minimum level. Mongolia’s 5th National Report follows the structure outlined by the guidelines of the Many rivers, lakes and springs have dried up throughout the country, thus having a nega- CBD secretariat. The main body of information for the report comes from: tive impact on the distribution and population of fishes. • Written contributions from Mongolian taxonomic experts in the given fields in part • Decrease in distribution of Amphibians. The drying of surface water points has also one of the report led to reduced habitats for amphibians. For example the population of Siberian salamander • Mongolia’s current NBAP in the Tuul river basin near Ulaanbaatar has declined, and the Mongolian
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