DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document WWF \ ORRI I) fKh K Public Disclosure Authorized AR@ 33100 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized XaTrHH; OCOHamxHMEHCYXBAATAP XaTI'HH OcopHaMxKHMFiH CYXBAATAP Public Disclosure Authorized MOHrOJI YJICbIH IHHHMJI3X YXAAHbI AIAAEMH X3JI 3OXHOJIbIH XYP33JI3H SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA MOHFOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbI CAHFIHHH CYaAP OPWBOH. 3MX3Tr3H 6ojioBcpyyn,K 3p,3M IUHH)CHJIF33HHR TakIi6ap, cyganraar yr4iiac3H XATIFHH OCOPHAMKIHMbIH CYXLAATAP PEXLAKTOP: ,UOKTOP, npo4eccop HI.XYP3JIEAATAP 93,R ,OKTOp m. COHHHBAIP X. B5IMBA)KAB Translation: B.ELBEGZAYA, Sh.GANBYAMBA, J.DUNN and T.LEWIS Ta]iapxa]¶ Acknowledgments: 3H3Xyy HOMbIr X3BJ WJI3X9JA,3J1XHHH BaHK, MoHroJIbIH BypxaH IIaliiHHTHbI TOB This publication has been made possible with the support of the Gandan Tegehilen (MEHIT) /FaHAaH T3r'HRj3H XHiiA/, lj3JIXHHiH BaHK-rowlaHqbIH 3acrHHH ra3pblH Monastery/ Center of Mongolian Buddhists and The World Bank-Netherlands XaMTbIH axnUuaraaHbI xeTeji6ep 60JIoH IHa1IlHH 6a BaiiraJIb XaMraan.nbIH Xo.u6oo Partnership Program, through a contract with the Alliance for Religions and Con- (IIIBXX) , Ij3JIXHHH BaHK 6a WWF (J3nIXHHH BafiraJlb XaMraajiax CaH) xaMTapcaH servation (ARC), and The World Bank-WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation OfiH HeeIgHHr xaMPaaJIax, TorTBoPToH amIHriax XeOTeJi6epHHH XYP33HA WWF and Sustainable Use, through a contract with WWF Mongolia and the assis- (J1A3nXHHH B,airaJlb XaMraaJlax CaH)-HiiH MoHPoJI Aaxb TOBIiOO 33p3r . 6a9JIXHfiyHayj caHxyyraRb Xamraaj1uiaxH CaHy.)-H H Ma OHi~rOp qaXb TOBquiar, T H tance of the following individuals working with these organizations: 6aRryynvmaryy,q caHxyyrHiiH TycjamIvaar y3yyJIC3H 6a 3Arm3p 6akryy:mara, TyyHHfi wJKMITHyyqa, TaiiapxaJi HJI3pXHHJIbe. MEHUIT/Fauda TqasiuAa Xu2i: ,LDizxuiMn Eaw?C For Gandan Monastery: ForARC: EIx xaM6aj,l. THomKaMuq TOHH YHTeH Hamba Lama D. Choijamts Baatar, Bazar )I3A A°OKTop III. CoHHH6aip Dr. Sh. Soninbayar Jeannie Dunn, ARC UK X. BMm6axJaB Lama H. Byambajav Tjalling Halbertsma Tara Lewis, ARC UK HUBXX: ,1BXC-uiun Moneoa daxb Toe0oo: For World Bank: Richard Prime, ARC UK B. BaaTap B,. 4H1M9n-O'Hp Tony Whitten LaIIHHrXawi6epTcMa B. 3.I63r3asAa For WWF Mongolia: )KeHHH,IaHH P. BoJiop Chimed- Ochir, Bazarsad Tapa JIyHc Elbegzaya, Batjargal PHwap,q rIpauM Bolor, Radnaabazar XABTACHbI 3YPAr: HaJIHHr Xai6epTcMa COVER PHOTO: Tjalling Halbertsma XABTACHbI jI1I3AflH: PHiapA [lpaHM, MBXX-HbI AHrJIH Aaxb CaJi6ap COVER DESIGN: Richard Prime, ARC UK HOMbIH 3X B33JITF3C3H: C. l3aTq3q3r BOOK DESIGN: S. Battsetseg Copyright text: Mr O.Sukhbaatar ISBN 99929-5-385-3 Copyright Photography: WWF Mongolia/ARC Ulaanbaatar, 2001 YniaaH6aaTap 2001 ISBN- 99929-5-385-3 MOHEOJI YJICbIH GOVERNMENT 3ACrI4FlH rA3AP OF MONGOLIA Date Ulaanbaatar -12 N°. Phone: 976-1-322408 Fax: 976-1-310011 Foreword for the book "Sacred Sites of Mongolia" In 1998, I joined a meeting hosted by President Wolfensohn of the World Bank who had invited a wide range of participants with different religious backgrounds to comment on issues such as sustainable development and ecology from a religious perspective. As a Buddhist I welcomed this approach and felt that religions could make a vital contribution to these issues. I was also pleased to encounter ARC and WWF during these meetings and to find the acknowledgement of the World Bank that religions can play a vital role in these issues. Since then, the involvement of religious communities in nature protection has, through the generous support of the World Bank and in partnership with ARC and WWF, increased significantly in Mongolia. Pupils in our schools, both religious and secular, have received ecological courses and have practically contributed to the well being of our environment. Our monasteries have also been instrumental in this and I am encouraged to hear that the model developed in Mongolia has been copied by other countries. This book is a result of the cooperation between ARC, the World Bank, WWF, and the people of Mongolia and follows a similar book on the origin of place names in Mongolia, both written by the eminent scholar Sukhbaatar. Sacred Sites of Mongolia explores our mountains and rivers and the importance they hold for our natural environment and our identity. Sacred Sites of Mongolia has been prepared for the occasion of the first visit of the President of the World Bank, who has expressed such great interest in the history, identity and culture of our country Mongolia. We hope many more books will welcome him on future visits. 9 1 N. Enkhbayar 4 SACRED SIT ES OF MONGOLIA Prime Minister of Mongolia FOREWORD The changes in Mongolia since the collapse of Communism ten years ago have | t | | . X shown that the country's religious traditions have formed a firm basis upon which to rebuild a country with a strong historical perspective and identity. This rebuilding must encompass more than just infrastructure; the links between physical and psychological WORLD BANK recovery should be addressed as well. This process will involve rebuilding peoples' memories, hopes and beliefs. One way to aid in the process of rebuilding is to document Mongolia's sacred lands, an act which will in tum help to guide the ways in which land and resources are used. I note that one of the first acts of Prime Minister Enkhbayar, when he was Minister of Culture in the early 1990s, was to rebuild the towering statue in Gandan Monastery as a symbol that religious faith was again important to the Mongolian people. Historically, religions have played a limited role in enviromnent and development issues, but in recent years the Alliance of Religions and Conservation and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) have been engaging the faiths in serious and practical dialogue, and often liaising with development institutions such as the World Bank. The Bank seeks to engage all stakeholders in the development of its policies, programs and projects. We have been working more in recent years to bring the faiths into these discussions, and we view faith communities as essential partners in our development endeavors. They represent one of the largest networks of local communities in the world, and in many places they have a depth of understanding of poor communities that is without parallel. Exploring common goals in partnership holds great promise for the future. JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN PRESIDENT, THE WORLD BANK Washington D.C. January 2002 MOHFOAbIH TAXIIAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPLHBOf 5 I493BXHT3H aKi4IJiaw, T3,qHH4 caHaaLITaH XHH2K 6aiiraa OJIOH yiII axuia4iiaraar 6yca, ynic yHq3CTHyyHl44H XyBba yJJf3p KHIII33 Tecen 6oIroH x3p3rwKyyncK 6aHraar OYDK COHCOXO, C3TF3JI H3H TaaTaHi 6aHHa. Ta 6yXHi4i aHxaapa.i, TOhIHEJIyyJIK 6aiiraa 3H3XYY HOM Hb HMPT 3pq3MT3H, x3x1 cyaniaam 0. Cyx6aaTap ryar4H 6yT33c3H MOHrOJI OpHbI ra3ap OpHbl H3pli!H rapani yyC.TLH4H Tyxall HOMbIH yprj3i)ji3Ji 6eree, [LIBXX, ,EXC, ,43.IXH4HiH BaHK 6o0JoH MOHrOJI TYMHHA C3TF3JI1 LIIHHr3C3H XaMTbIH a)KHJIljaraaHbI yp JayH IOM. MOHrOJIbIH yynJ YCHbI TaxHiraT cyaap OPIIIBOH M1HHi4A 61e 1998 0HljA3IXH4H B)aHKHbi EpeHXH4iiJIOF'q HOeH Boj~eHiCOHbI X3M33X 3H3Xyy 6yT33J Hb MOHroji OpHbI apHYH garIIIl4H YTJI3FT3H yyJI 3OXHO0H 6aiiryyji-caH J1IIX1HHH yJIC TYMHyyjI4AH AH3 6ypIAH llua1J14H YC, T3,qr33p Hb Xyp33JI3H 6ar4raa 6airaRb OpMHbI XyBbg IMMPa'a xo.l6or,aoJToH4 60niox, 6w4H4iS yHfa3CHHi OHU.TLOF X3B IIHH?K 33prFHH HYTJJ3FHl4H TeJIeeJIe)Fqj,H4H TOFTBOpTOA XOFK4J[ 6o0IoH 6aiiraJIb OpqHbl qi4r xaHjjnaraTaR xerl-KnJ4IH xyB4Ii6ap, TyyHHI ynjaM>KjianiT mIamnH g3jimH y3yyf13X IOM. LIYTJJ3FT3R X3OX3H yqmrOaa XOx600Toi 60llox Ta.aap X3JI3JJUC3H MOHFOJbIH yyJI YCHbI TaxHjiraT cyjaap OpIIIBOII X3M33X 3H3XYY HOMbIF xypaii,aaH,j opojiuo)K 6aicaii 6iji33. ,13JX1XH4H I3aHKHbI epeHxH14.Jer'l HOeH )K. BonqeHcoHbI MOHroji OpHbI .. XYHHiiYq,qbIH.. XBbaiai-ul4HTafi mp acyAajuaiuHbITyyX, COen Hpr3Hm1JI, yHq3CHIH Tycraap TOrTHOJIbIH Tanaap acap ux COHHpX,LOF XyBb XyHHI Hb XyBbg, TyyHEIf MaHarl OpOH, XHiH) 6yi alHXHbI yyPFHHF H3M3rUyyni3X Tyxa4 ,a33px caHaaqrnarbir 14X33X3H ,3M?KTA3r IOM. aHJiq.IiaJibIr Hb ToXHoji,ayyfaH X3BJI3H rapraw 6ai4Ha. TYYHn4i aapaa Yr xypanAIaaHbl ye3p llaIIIl4H 6a BaHlrwnb XamrFaannjbIH Xoni600 /IIIE;XX/ 6oJIOH :3nJIXH4H bajirawb XaMraajiax CaHFHI4H (WWF) yn gapaarHl alnTlmaTTar xojJ6orqyyjiaH eep OJIOH UIHH3 HOM X3BJI3rF3H a~njijiavaiaTaHHJIa)K, YJI~MKJI~JIT II~IHHH myTL3F, TyyHH HHHF3MJ r apcaap6aiix 6o0nHo F3Jq3FT FYH33 HTF3)K 6aiiHa. a)Ki4iinaraaTal4 TaHni4iia)K, yiam)Kn-aJIT IIIaIII4H IIYTJI3F, TYYHI4I4 H1414Ir3M, 33l3X yyp3r, XyBbHMMpIA Taniaapx 43nIXI4rH BaHKHbI an6aH eCHbi 6aH-P cyypHHfr M3a3K aBcaH 64i33. Ha.6apbU 3HXKAfP MOrN?Oi YnECblN EPONXUUI CaiuO 3H3 uaraac XOHI4 U3JIXHHH BaHKHbI eFeeMep TyciiaM>K, IIBXX, )IBXC 33p3F OJIOH YJICbIH 6aiAryymnaryyrTaiR xaMTpaH awi4iiax 3amaap MOHFOhIbIH yjiaM>KYIanJT uiIaiuH MoHroji OpHbI 6aiiraJlb OpqHbIF xamraanax a)KHllZk 4X33X3H Hj3BXH caHaai+iaraTar opoiioxK 6aAraar T3MA3FJI3H X3XX3,A TaaTak 6aiHa. LUaInHbI 6o0Jo Hpr3HHH cypraI[TTar cypryynny,iwH cyparFma 3KOJIOFnHH 6o0JoBcpoJI oK aBcHaap 6aiira.ib OplHbIF xamraaiax awjKigHOeOpCaHHH TOjOpXOH XyBb H3MpHHF OpyyYIK 6aHa. MaHafi OpHbI CyM XHlVayyj 6aiirahlb xamraaniax Taniaap 11X33X3H 6 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA POM-mm Ap~~~~~~~~~BaH)KlIUMiAH e)MHe TOA )KIM133 Hb HaAH TOXOH E)HqOp OpOH HyTrnHiH i4pr,3,IlH H,3r N ~~~~KOMMyH14CT j3rJI3M 3aqpaH )caHpar4car 6YPXHblr <gaX1H x3crHA r TOJIE)JI)] 6ai,grbIH Hb _ 4 ~~~~~yHaCHaap eHe 3pTH"Hi yyx TYYXTAT 6YT,33>K, IIIYHIui4IrJI3H amEiJIyyJICaH XyBhU, OJIOH YJIC YHa3CTH14i *u~~~_ j! ~~MOHroji OpOH, YH,a3CH14A Tycraap ABqaJI IOM. AgyylqyygblH gpx alurMHH Taiiaap MLN)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Key Sites for Key Sites for Conservation
    Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia: KEY SITES FOR CONSERVATION A project of In collaboration with With the support of Printing sponsored by Field surveys supported by Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia: KEY SITES FOR CONSERVATION Editors: Batbayar Nyambayar and Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag Major contributors: Ayurzana Bold Schagdarsuren Boldbaatar Axel Bräunlich Simba Chan Richard F. A. Grimmett and Andrew W. Tordoff This document is an output of the World Bank study Strengthening the Safeguard of Important Areas of Natural Habitat in North-East Asia,fi nanced by consultant trust funds from the government of Japan Ulaanbaatar, January 2009 An output of: The World Bank study Strengthening the Safeguard of Important Areas of Natural Habitat in North-East Asia,fi nanced by consultant trust funds from the government of Japan Implemented by: BirdLife International, the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center and the Institute of Biology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences In collaboration with: Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism Supporting organisations: WWF Mongolia, WCS Mongolia Program and the National University of Mongolia Editors: Batbayar Nyambayar and Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag Major contributors: Ayurzana Bold, Schagdarsuren Boldbaatar, Axel Bräunlich, Simba Chan, Richard F. A. Grimmett and Andrew W. Tordoff Maps: Dolgorjav Sanjmyatav, WWF Mongolia Cover illustrations: White-naped Crane Grus vipio, Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus, Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus and hunters with Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos (Batbayar Nyambayar); Siberian Cranes Grus leucogeranus (Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag); Saker Falcons Falco cherrug and Yellow-headed Wagtail Motacilla citreola (Gabor Papp). ISBN: 978-99929-0-752-5 Copyright: © BirdLife International 2009. All rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged Suggested citation: Nyambayar, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia Country Report 2018
    Toxic Site Identification Program in Mongolia Award: DCI-ENV/2015/371157 Prepared by: Erdenesaikhan Naidansuren Prepared for: UNIDO Date: October 2018 Pure Earth 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 860 New York, NY, USA +1 212 647 8330 www.pureearth.org Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 3 Organizational Background .................................................................................................... 3 Toxic Site Identification Program (TSIP) ............................................................................... 3 Project Background ................................................................................................................. 5 Country Background ............................................................................................................... 5 Implimentation Strategy .......................................................................................................... 6 Coordinating with the Government ........................................................................................ 6 Sharing TSIP Information ....................................................................................................... 7 Current Work .......................................................................................................................... 8 TSIP Training in Mongolia ....................................................................................................... 9 Sites
    [Show full text]
  • MONGOLIA Environmental Monitor 2003 40872
    MONGOLIA Environmental Monitor 2003 40872 THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D. C. 20433 U.S.A. Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Tel: 202-477-1234 Fax: 202-477-6391 Telex: MCI 64145 WORLDBANK MCI 248423 WORLDBANK Internet: http://worldbank.org THE WORLD BANK MONGOLIA OFFICE Ulaanbaatar, 11 A Peace Avenue Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENT MONITOR 2003 Land Resources and Their Management THE WORLD BANK CONTENTS PREFACE IV ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS V SECTION I: PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LAND 2 SECTION II: LAND, POVERTY, AND LIVELIHOODS 16 SECTION III: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF LAND MANAGEMENT 24 SECTION IV: FUTURE CHALLENGES 32 MONGOLIA AT A GLANCE 33 NOTES 34 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 The World Bank Mongolia Office Ulaanbaatar, 11 A Peace Avenue Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia All rights reserved. First printing June 2003 This document was prepared by a World Bank Team comprising Messrs./Mmes. Anna Corsi (ESDVP), Giovanna Dore (Task Team Leader), Tanvi Nagpal, and Tony Whitten (EASES); Robin Mearns (EASRD); Yarissa Richmond Lyngdoh (EASUR); H. Ykhanbai (Mongolia Ministry of Nature and Environment). Jeffrey Lecksell was responsible for the map design. Photos were taken by Giovanna Dore and Tony Whitten. Cover and layout design were done by Jim Cantrell. Inputs and comments by Messrs./Mmes. John Bruce (LEGEN), Jochen Becker, Gerhard Ruhrmann (Rheinbraun Engineering und Wasser - GmbH), Nicholas Crisp, John Dick, Michael Mullen (Food and Agriculture Organization), Clyde Goulden (Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia), Hans Hoffman (GTZ), Glenn Morgan, Sulistiovati Nainggolan (EASES), and Vera Songwe (EASPR) are gratefully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • SEMI ANNUAL REPORT (Oct 1, 2017 - Mar 31, 2018)
    Mercy Corps LTS2 Semi-annual Report (October 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018) Leveraging Tradition and Science in Disaster Risk Reduction in Mongolia-2 (LTS2 - Mongolia) SEMI ANNUAL REPORT (Oct 1, 2017 - Mar 31, 2018) Agreement # AID-OFDA-G-15-00101 Submitted to: USAID Submitted by: Mercy Corps April 2018 COUNTRY CONTACT HEADQUARTERS CONTACT Ramesh Singh Denise Ledgerwood Country Director Senior Program Officer Mercy Corps Mercy Corps PO Box 761 45 SW Ankeny Street Ulaanbaatar 79, Mongolia Portland, OR 97204 Phone: +976 9911 4204 Phone: +1.503.896.5000 [email protected] [email protected] Mercy Corps LTS2 Semi-annual Report (Oct 1, 2017 – March 31, 2018) ACRONYMS AND TRANSLATIONS Aimag An administrative unit similar to a province or state APF Aimag Partnership Facilitator AWI Advanced Weather Information Service Bagh An administrative unit similar to a sub-county (sub-soum) CITA Communication Information and Technology Authority Dzud An environmental hazard that unfolds over several seasons and includes drought conditions in the summer leading to poor forage availability and low temperatures, heavy snows and/or ice in winter, which combine to exhaust animals, leading to death from starvation or exposure. ECHO European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations ES engageSPARK EMA Emergency Management Agency FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Hural An elected decision-making body at the district, province and national level ICT Information and Communication Technology KEIO Keio University of Japan LEWS
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Fifth National Report
    CONVENTION ON CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA biolohJA JJa folea YeehcO beiide& oa KnWWn}A. T HE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGI 5 T H N A T IO N AL R EPO RT C AL DIVERSITY OF M O N GOLIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, Government building II, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, United Nation’s street 5/2, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA TH Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar 15160, NUM, Building-2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia THE 5 NATIONAL REPORT OF Mongolia P.O.Box 537, Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Tel: 976-51-266197 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 976-99180148; 976-88305909; 976-88083058 MONGOLIA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Designed by Mongolica Publishing 2014 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 2014 CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FINANCED BY: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY-MONGOLIA GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA REPORT COMPILERS: COMPILED BY: S. GOMBOBAATAR STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, NUM S. MYAGMARSUREN N. CONABOY М. Мunkhjargal TAXON COMPILERS: PLANT: B. OYUNTSETSEG, M. URGAMAL INVERTEBRATE: S. GANTIGMAA Fish, aMphibian, reptile: kh. Тerbish BIRD: S. GOMBOBAATAR MAMMAL: S. SHAR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: EDITORS: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES D. BATBOLD MONGOLIAN ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
    [Show full text]
  • The Fate of Medical Knowledge and the Neurosciences During the Time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire
    Neurosurg Focus 23 (1):E13, 2007 The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire SAM SAFAVI-ABBASI, M.D., PH.D.,1 LEONARDO B. C. BRASILIENSE, M.D.,2 RYAN K. WORKMAN, B.S.,2 MELANIE C. TALLEY, PH.D.,2 IMAN FEIZ-ERFAN, M.D.,1 NICHOLAS THEODORE, M.D.,1 ROBERT F. SPETZLER, M.D.,1 AND MARK C. PREUL, M.D.1 1Division of Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgery Research; and 2Spinal Biomechanics Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona PIn 25 years, the Mongolian army of Genghis Khan conquered more of the known world than the Roman Empire accomplished in 400 years of conquest. The recent revised view is that Genghis Khan and his descendants brought about “pax Mongolica” by securing trade routes across Eurasia. After the initial shock of destruction by an unknown barbaric tribe, almost every country conquered by the Mongols was transformed by a rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and advances in civiliza- tion. Medicine, including techniques related to surgery and neurological surgery, became one of the many areas of life and culture that the Mongolian Empire influenced. (DOI: 10.3171/FOC-07/07/E13) KEY WORDS • Avicenna • Genghis Khan • history of neuroscience • Mongolian empire • Persia EPORTS ABOUT THE HISTORY of medicine in Asia are golica” and secured the fabled trade routes between scarce. This article provides an overview of the fate Europe and eastern China known as the Silk Road.8,23 R of Asian medicine, specifically Persian, Indian, and After the initial shock and destruction associated with Chinese scientific, neurological, and surgical knowledge invasion by an unknown barbaric tribe, almost every before and during the Mongolian invasion and hegemony.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiber Optic Backbone of Information Communications Network Llc I
    INTRODUCTION Information Communications Network LLC /ICNC/ was established in 2006 to operate the state owned national backbone network, to ensure secure and reliable operation and MEMBERSHIP maintenance of the network and to provide interoperability and interconnection services to telecoms operators while playing a major role in the ongoing development of Mongolia’s Information Communications Network infrastructure. LLC is an active sector member of the International Telecommunications Union Information Communications Network LLC is a leading provider of broadband services and the Asia Pacific Telecommunity. for the carrier marketplace and owner of the largest open access fiber-optic network in Mongolia. Information Communications Network LLC is a member of the Asian Productivity Currently, Information Communications Network LLC operates and maintains over 70 percent Organization, the Mongolian National of the national fiber-optic network. We own and operate 9’446 manholes, 791’684.5 Chamber of Commerce and Industry and meters of ducts, which are routed across 17’421 kilometers, 21 provinces and 283 villages of the Mongolian Human Resource Institute. Mongolia. We offer co-location services to mobile operators and telecoms service providers on our facilities and towers throughout Ulaanbaatar city, 21 provinces and 373 villages of Mongolia. Team of 1470 highly qualified employees, engineers and technicians are our most valuable assets. We are cooperating with more than 230 public and private communication service providers. ACCESSIBLE AND RELIABLE NETWORK VISION: LEADING TOGETHER FIBER OPTIC LENGTH: 17’421 KM TRANSMISSION NETWORK CAPACITY: LOCAL 25 GBPS, INTERNATIONAL: 100GBPS OUTSIDE PLANT: MISSION 9’446 MANHOLES, 791’684 METERS OF DUCTS Be the most accessible high-speed national broadband network.
    [Show full text]
  • Rangelands of Central Asia: Forest Service
    United States Department of Agriculture Rangelands of Central Asia: Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Proceedings of the Conference Proceedings RMRS-P-39 on Transformations, Issues, and June 2006 Future Challenges Bedunah, Donald J., McArthur, E. Durant, and Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria, comps. 2006. Rangelands of Cen- tral Asia: Proceedings of the Conference on Transformations, Issues, and Future Challenges. 2004 January 27; Salt Lake City, UT. Proceeding RMRS-P-39. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 127 p. Abstract ________________________________________ The 11 papers in this document address issues and needs in the development and stewardship of Central Asia rangelands, and identify directions for future work. With its vast rangelands and numerous pastoral populations, Central Asia is a region of increasing importance to rangeland scientists, managers, and pastoral development specialists. Five of the papers address rangeland issues in Mongolia, three papers specifically address studies in China, two papers address Kazakhstan, and one paper addresses the use of satellite images for natural resource planning across Central Asia. These papers comprise the proceedings from a general technical conference at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, held at Salt Lake City, Utah, January 24-30, 2004. As the 2004 SRM Conference theme was “Rangelands in Transition,” these papers focus on an area of the world that has experienced dramatic socio-economic changes in 20th Century associated with adoption of communism and command economies and the subsequent collapse of the command economies and the recent transition to a free market economies. The changes in land use and land tenure policies that accompanied these shifts in socio economic regimes have had dramatic impacts on the region’s rangelands and the people who use them.
    [Show full text]
  • Remote Sensing
    remote sensing Article Extreme Climate Event and Its Impact on Landscape Resilience in Gobi Region of Mongolia Oyudari Vova 1,* , Martin Kappas 1 , Tsolmon Renchin 2 and Steven R. Fassnacht 1,3,4,5 1 Cartography, GIS and Remote Sensing Department, Institute of Geography, University of Göttingen, 37007 Göttingen, Germany; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (S.R.F.) 2 Department of Physics, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia; [email protected] 3 Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability—Watershed Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1476, USA 4 Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, CSU, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1375, USA 5 Natural Resources Ecology Lab, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-176-25398594 Received: 9 July 2020; Accepted: 2 September 2020; Published: 5 September 2020 Abstract: The dzud, a specific type of climate disaster in Mongolia, is responsible for serious environmental and economic damage. It is characterized by heavy snowfall and severe winter conditions, causing mass livestock deaths that occur through the following spring. These events substantially limit socioeconomic development in Mongolia. In this research, we conducted an analysis of several dzud events (2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) to understand the spatial and temporal variability of vegetation conditions in the Gobi region of Mongolia. The present paper also establishes how these extreme climatic events affect vegetation cover and local grazing conditions using the seasonal aridity index (aAIZ), time-series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and livestock data.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report-V4.0-20200919
    UNDP GEF (ENSURE) Ensuring Sustainability and Resilience of Green Landscapes in Mongolia Project Provision of service to conduct a Market Assessment for Project Landscapes and Assist Community Groups with Market Planning Final report October 2019 – June 2020 Prepared by Marketing Team, Nisadon LLC 22 July 2020 1 Contents I. Summary ............................................................................................................................ 4 II. Deliverables ........................................................................................................................ 5 III. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 6 IV. Social and economic assessment .................................................................................... 8 V. Market assessment and livelihoods....................................................................................19 VI. Other topics ....................................................................................................................28 1. Green finance .................................................................................................................28 2. Sharing access and benefit ............................................................................................31 3. Learning from local community .......................................................................................32 VII. Business planning ..........................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Table of Lode and Placer Deposits and Occurrences of Mongolia
    Preliminary Table of Lode and Placer Deposits and Occurrences of Mongolia By Gunchin Dejidmaa, Gombosuren Badarch, Noosoi Chimed, and Dangindorjiin Dorjgotov (Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar), and Ayurzana Gotovsuren (Monrud Company, Mineral Exploration and Mining Company, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) This report is a preliminary tabular compilation of the significant metalliferous and selected non- metalliferous lode deposits and placer deposits and occurrences of the Mongolia. The mineral deposit and occurrence data are being compiled as part of a project on the Mineral Resources, Metallogenesis, and Tectonics of Northeast Asia (Eastern and Southern Siberia, Mongolia, Northeast China, South Korea, and Japan). For additional information on the project, please refer to the companion project summary by Nokleberg (this volume). In future publications for the associated project, the descriptions of the significant mineral deposits will be expanded. The data were compiled by the following persons. Quadrant Compiler Institute or Company K 47, 48, 49 D. Dorjgotov and Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Mongolian Academy of N. Chimed Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia L 45, 46 G. Dejidmaa Same L 47 G. Badarch and Same N. Chimed L 48, 49 Ts. Gotovsuren Monrud Company, Mineral Exploration and Mining Company, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia M 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 G. Dejidmaa Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Mongolian Academy of M 50 D. Dorjgotov Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia DATA SOURCES State Geological Fund, May 1997, Location map of base metal (Cu) deposits and occurrences of The mineral deposit and occurrence data were Mongolia, Series 2, 1 sheet, scale 1:3,200,000. compiled from the following sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia 2014 International Religious Freedom Report
    MONGOLIA 2014 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution recognizes “freedom of conscience and religion” as a fundamental freedom of citizens and prohibits state institutions from engaging in religious activities and religious institutions from pursuing political activities. The religion law requires religious institutions to register with authorities and broadly describes registration procedures, leaving most specifics of implementation to the discretion of local authorities. Registration practices varied across the country. Some religious groups complained of difficulties obtaining and renewing registration, with the absence of clear rules leaving the process subject to the personal biases of individual officials. Christian leaders reported the public viewed Christians in an increasingly positive light, although they also reported instances of discrimination and harassment stemming from a view that Christianity was “foreign.” U.S. embassy officials discussed religious freedom with government officials at all levels, including during meetings with high-level officials in the president’s office, parliamentarians, and other authorities in the capital city. Embassy officials met regularly with religious leaders across the country to discuss religious freedom. Section I. Religious Demography The U.S. government estimates the total population at 3 million (July 2014 estimate). Buddhism remains closely linked with the country’s cultural traditions, with 53 percent of citizens self-identifying as Buddhist, according to the 2010 national census. In the census, 38.6 percent of citizens self-identified as atheists. Local scholars, however, assert that more than 90 percent of the population subscribes in some degree to Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism is the traditional and dominant religion. According to the census, 3 percent of citizens nationwide self-identify as Muslim, and Muslims constitute 80 percent of the population of the primarily ethnic Kazakh western province of Bayan-Olgiy.
    [Show full text]