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33100 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized XaTrHH; OCOHamxHMEHCYXBAATAP
XaTI'HH OcopHaMxKHMFiH CYXBAATAP Public Disclosure Authorized
MOHrOJI YJICbIH IHHHMJI3X YXAAHbI AIAAEMH X3JI 3OXHOJIbIH XYP33JI3H
SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA
MOHFOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbI CAHFIHHH CYaAP OPWBOH.
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PEXLAKTOP: ,UOKTOP, npo4eccop HI.XYP3JIEAATAP 93,R ,OKTOp m. COHHHBAIP X. B5IMBA)KAB Translation: B.ELBEGZAYA, Sh.GANBYAMBA, J.DUNN and T.LEWIS
Ta]iapxa]¶ Acknowledgments:
3H3Xyy HOMbIr X3BJ WJI3X9JA,3J1XHHH BaHK, MoHroJIbIH BypxaH IIaliiHHTHbI TOB This publication has been made possible with the support of the Gandan Tegehilen (MEHIT) /FaHAaH T3r'HRj3H XHiiA/, lj3JIXHHiH BaHK-rowlaHqbIH 3acrHHH ra3pblH Monastery/ Center of Mongolian Buddhists and The World Bank-Netherlands XaMTbIH axnUuaraaHbI xeTeji6ep 60JIoH IHa1IlHH 6a BaiiraJIb XaMraan.nbIH Xo.u6oo Partnership Program, through a contract with the Alliance for Religions and Con- (IIIBXX) , Ij3JIXHHH BaHK 6a WWF (J3nIXHHH BafiraJlb XaMraajiax CaH) xaMTapcaH servation (ARC), and The World Bank-WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation OfiH HeeIgHHr xaMPaaJIax, TorTBoPToH amIHriax XeOTeJi6epHHH XYP33HA WWF and Sustainable Use, through a contract with WWF Mongolia and the assis- (J1A3nXHHH B,airaJlb XaMraaJlax CaH)-HiiH MoHPoJI Aaxb TOBIiOO 33p3r . 6a9JIXHfiyHayj caHxyyraRb Xamraaj1uiaxH CaHy.)-H H Ma OHi~rOp qaXb TOBquiar, T H tance of the following individuals working with these organizations: 6aRryynvmaryy,q caHxyyrHiiH TycjamIvaar y3yyJIC3H 6a 3Arm3p 6akryy:mara, TyyHHfi wJKMITHyyqa, TaiiapxaJi HJI3pXHHJIbe.
MEHUIT/Fauda TqasiuAa Xu2i: ,LDizxuiMn Eaw?C For Gandan Monastery: ForARC: EIx xaM6aj,l. THomKaMuq TOHH YHTeH Hamba Lama D. Choijamts Baatar, Bazar )I3A A°OKTop III. CoHHH6aip Dr. Sh. Soninbayar Jeannie Dunn, ARC UK X. BMm6axJaB Lama H. Byambajav Tjalling Halbertsma Tara Lewis, ARC UK HUBXX: ,1BXC-uiun Moneoa daxb Toe0oo: For World Bank: Richard Prime, ARC UK B. BaaTap B,. 4H1M9n-O'Hp Tony Whitten LaIIHHrXawi6epTcMa B. 3.I63r3asAa For WWF Mongolia: )KeHHH,IaHH P. BoJiop Chimed- Ochir, Bazarsad Tapa JIyHc Elbegzaya, Batjargal PHwap,q rIpauM Bolor, Radnaabazar
XABTACHbI 3YPAr: HaJIHHr Xai6epTcMa COVER PHOTO: Tjalling Halbertsma XABTACHbI jI1I3AflH: PHiapA [lpaHM, MBXX-HbI AHrJIH Aaxb CaJi6ap COVER DESIGN: Richard Prime, ARC UK HOMbIH 3X B33JITF3C3H: C. l3aTq3q3r BOOK DESIGN: S. Battsetseg Copyright text: Mr O.Sukhbaatar ISBN 99929-5-385-3 Copyright Photography: WWF Mongolia/ARC Ulaanbaatar, 2001 YniaaH6aaTap 2001 ISBN- 99929-5-385-3 MOHEOJI YJICbIH GOVERNMENT 3ACrI4FlH rA3AP OF MONGOLIA
Date Ulaanbaatar -12 N°. . Phone: 976-1-322408 Fax: 976-1-310011
Foreword for the book "Sacred Sites of Mongolia"
In 1998, I joined a meeting hosted by President Wolfensohn of the World Bank who had invited a wide range of participants with different religious backgrounds to comment on issues such as sustainable development and ecology from a religious perspective.
As a Buddhist I welcomed this approach and felt that religions could make a vital contribution to these issues. I was also pleased to encounter ARC and WWF during these meetings and to find the acknowledgement of the World Bank that religions can play a vital role in these issues.
Since then, the involvement of religious communities in nature protection has, through the generous support of the World Bank and in partnership with ARC and WWF, increased significantly in Mongolia. Pupils in our schools, both religious and secular, have received ecological courses and have practically contributed to the well being of our environment. Our monasteries have also been instrumental in this and I am encouraged to hear that the model developed in Mongolia has been copied by other countries.
This book is a result of the cooperation between ARC, the World Bank, WWF, and the people of Mongolia and follows a similar book on the origin of place names in Mongolia, both written by the eminent scholar Sukhbaatar. Sacred Sites of Mongolia explores our mountains and rivers and the importance they hold for our natural environment and our identity.
Sacred Sites of Mongolia has been prepared for the occasion of the first visit of the President of the World Bank, who has expressed such great interest in the history, identity and culture of our country Mongolia. We hope many more books will welcome him on future visits. 9 1
N. Enkhbayar 4 SACRED SIT ES OF MONGOLIA Prime Minister of Mongolia FOREWORD
The changes in Mongolia since the collapse of Communism ten years ago have | t | | . X shown that the country's religious traditions have formed a firm basis upon which to rebuild a country with a strong historical perspective and identity. This rebuilding must encompass more than just infrastructure; the links between physical and psychological WORLD BANK recovery should be addressed as well. This process will involve rebuilding peoples' memories, hopes and beliefs. One way to aid in the process of rebuilding is to document Mongolia's sacred lands, an act which will in tum help to guide the ways in which land and resources are used. I note that one of the first acts of Prime Minister Enkhbayar, when he was Minister of Culture in the early 1990s, was to rebuild the towering statue in Gandan Monastery as a symbol that religious faith was again important to the Mongolian people.
Historically, religions have played a limited role in enviromnent and development issues, but in recent years the Alliance of Religions and Conservation and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) have been engaging the faiths in serious and practical dialogue, and often liaising with development institutions such as the World Bank.
The Bank seeks to engage all stakeholders in the development of its policies, programs and projects. We have been working more in recent years to bring the faiths into these discussions, and we view faith communities as essential partners in our development endeavors. They represent one of the largest networks of local communities in the world, and in many places they have a depth of understanding of poor communities that is without parallel. Exploring common goals in partnership holds great promise for the future.
JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN PRESIDENT, THE WORLD BANK
Washington D.C. January 2002 MOHFOAbIH TAXIIAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPLHBOf 5 I493BXHT3H aKi4IJiaw, T3,qHH4 caHaaLITaH XHH2K 6aiiraa OJIOH yiII axuia4iiaraar 6yca, ynic yHq3CTHyyHl44H XyBba yJJf3p KHIII33 Tecen 6oIroH x3p3rwKyyncK 6aHraar OYDK COHCOXO, C3TF3JI H3H TaaTaHi 6aHHa.
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Although this series is rivers and mountains are but one serving Mongolia's wild heritage. primarily written for a Mongolian WWF Swub igg N Al 11,; vi.t part of a landscape enriched by man audience the publication of Legends made ovoos, south-facing ger-tents This is the second publica- of the Land received so many enqui- and monasteries built in valleys of tion in a series of books on the pres- ries from people who requested a immense beauty. These special ervation of Mongolia's natural and translation into English that we de- places of pilgrimage have always re- cultural environment, authored by cided to include a brief English sec- ceived special protection from the Sukhbaatar and co-funded by the tion in Sacred Sites of Mongolia. AR (59 people who hold them sacred, which World Bank and Gandan Monas- ALLIANCE OF RELIGIONS & has been crucial for their preserva- tery. The first publication, Legends This publication is only a CONSERVATION tion and survival. ofthe Land, focused primarily on the small selection of sacred sites in launched in 1995 origin of place names, which often Mongolia and many sites are yet to However, a century of tur- derived from events and legends as- be rediscovered before knowledge moil and unrest has meant that sociated to such sites. and oral history of these places are Duke of Edinburgh KG KT many of these sites have been for- lost. We hope this book will lead to wwuu.relieionsaindconise-vationi.org gotten, and that the legends and Sacred Sites of Mongolia a more comprehensive compilation events associated with such sites takes this further and is a selection of these places, which are so vital to have been lost. The work of the ac- of mountains, rivers and forests Mongolia 's identity and for the claimed author Sukhbaatar, who, in which are held sacred by the people preservation of its natural and cul- this publication, returns over thirty who live there, as well as the pilgrims tural environment. sacred sites to our memory, is there- who travel these sites. As all sacred fore of tremendous importance. sites in Mongolia have a historical On behalf of ARC, The Alliance of Religions and Con- manuscript or sutra dedicated to Gandan Tegchilen Monastery servation (ARC), Gandan Tegchilen them we have also included these and WWF Mongolia, Monastery and WWF Mongolia are texts in the book, printed in the . . pleased to contribute to the redis- original Mongolian or Tibetan Tjallng Halbertsma Gandan Tegchilen Monastery 8 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA MOHrOJI OpHOOp aqiiax Hb xagraiiaH aBi YJIj33X H3r3H y3YYPT J33p X3BJI3C3H 6a 3H3Xyy xoep jaxb 6ypXHbi ap1y4H ra3paap awJJaxTai C3TF3JI,) XeTJIerz,ceH j3J1XHi!H {yBpaJ2bIH Xyp33H,a 614,i XyMYYCHHH ,* X - _ aJaHii M3T caHarFJaHa. 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YyHr BasHXOHFOpbIH 333H Xanxron CyMbIH HyTaFT OpWHX AJITaiiH xanjxlyyablH amaap xap aBrFaH 6aHcaH r32K 6HCIC3H Hb Hb uaraaH 3aaH XeeJIrJcCeH, ByHip HyypblH XOHT 3TF33a:3, yJIamJIarlcaH UOM[OOC Y3B3JI 3H3 ra3pblH 33HHH Tyxai OHJrOJT HOFOOH TOPFOH XyBuaCTaH, 6apyyH XYYXau4iH OBOOHbI 333H Hb 3j1J3B MOHX uacaH OprHJIT, aOMOrT CyTai AYPCI3J1 Hb 30pqH4JIT3H 6aiiCHblr rapTaa paLuaaHbi 6yM6a 3anIcaH, TaHcar u,33H TaBarraii, uaB uaraaH 6yiOy UaCT xaHpxaH YyJlbLH 333H Hb xapyyjnax 6apHMT IOM. 3YYH33 TaBaH 3yHiJIH4H TaHCar Hq33 433J1 eMCCOH, aJaHBap 3yCT3Hr 0oo C3pr3p Xoep 3Bp33p33,a33a YyJI YCHbI 3M CaBAariH4r 12 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA apFajiaac TaXHX y33J1 apU TyMHHH 6afiijarr3WCy3,a3Fax33.TyxaHiCJ6aji M3pF3H XyH33P TenJeeJIyyJI3H BapyHa HIx HaHMaH nyc, Manam ,ayH,a XyqT3rH U3JInr3pL 6aficaH 6a 6aAU HyTarT 3M caB,gaF HX OJIOH OFYYJ1C3H 6aiiaar. 3H3 TyXaH aajiaaH 6onoH TeBI[ MOHFOJIbIH X3p3B T3,aF33PT ec 6ycaap XapbLtBai 6afijar F3H3. 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XOHHHbl LlIaLHHbi ar-vv!lraap opr-)KlHH xaH YyJlblH 331-1HHrJ p,YH)KHHr-apaB, YyJblH 333H OHaop xaaH 1-3pT3H T3Hr3p, YXPHHRH T3HY3p, HaB,qal , caBaiar, )339,Hb 00pqner,FaOH F)ynraHbi T3L11H CyMblH CaHT 6e)roeea inauap TYLllM3Jn Hb BaAIH DZjAHH T3HF3p "Xap H l F3Vx14Jn3Hr33p ;YPCJI,')K fip)KI33. X3p33 xexenJ YYJ]blf XOHX ,Zampaa 333H, XypblH 333H, CaniXHHbi Tyxar4ni6an- bor,a YyJblH 33HHr, T3ptUn311 ,Danx, ;1 xaLIHBaH aa,a, yp,aaa TaBbcaH JraM Hb r3,a3r 6aHHa. 333H FyqHH FypBaH caapani MOpb yHacaH, FOBIAH Jlxa 333HTH yyJn OJIOH 6HHA OifapxaaHbl 6ypxaH Hb bDaAHXYTar- Apiuar-cal- caHcap, HaHiMaH ,lIYH)KHHFapaB, yM aa XyMbIH a)K33. CyMbIH HyTaFT OplllH4X Aniaap yyni aHrHHn4H iryynraH 3H3 OpHOO TaxmjnraTaR 1-3C3H 6afiaaF. Fpy4HH 8. MOHFOJIbIH Taxi4jraT yyn r3,u3r a)K. X3p33 xOxOJI YyJbli H4p3FTYH! rypBaH caapan MOpb Hb 600r101H YCHbl 333, caBaZariAll ,aryyni, 3Hr'3pT 130FJbIH aOJIOOH r1opw rw3Cl 6yI-. ujarLLHaac yyLI3JTAl,:0yH)Kl4HrapaB, 6apaa 6o0norq, TePenI ca,AaH, TacpaJITryH M3H13nIC3H F3,q33C 313 YYH33C Y33X3j OBOO ym aa XyM Hb LllapbrH LuarLUHaac 6aaTap TylllM3RYYa Hb xapi4nL{aH YyJnblr HX3,a CYC3rn3H TaxiHgar a)K33. xaHipxaHbIr' Taxlffx yeCT OROH '333H rapanTa IfOM. a,ai4nryi 6agzaaF. ;japbr-aHr-bIH 9H3 M3T33p r-a3ap yc, yyni caxlyCJIF YPH4H 3ani)KTYC Tycaac Hb COHrHHO XaH-pxaHbl 333H Hb AJITaH OBOOHbl 333H Hb ,janx oBooF eep XOOpOH,qoo cajrluryg 3r33p3i XYCJIHHF 3p3JlXH4Hn3H, 3pT3H rLaFTaa nlyy 6aficaH r3)K T3Hr3p rom. F3T3ni An]TaH OBOO XOn1600TOH 60nIrox ec ra3ap ra3apT aRaaTrani,coepxoni ryf,iar a)K33. LjoMoFnooaor araa;i yyJn Hb TOFTOLI XOPMYCT TMHr3pi4ir' T0Je0eena0 6ar4,qar 6aHHa. 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Yr yyJlblH CaHrFH1H F334 Ilap T33riH4r H37 3YYH XOPHH TepOJxIeXJIFHH 61J33. CaBgaF HbXyHaMbTaHa XOpXeHeeOJ CyapblH YHHiiarFblH as gaHr yaaa maaxagayyxlcaH F32a3r..Hiap MoHronqyyg 6aHiranb XypF3J3FI-yHP5MaFT XyH aMbTHbIr LIInIJIyyCHIH xapaHJIT ma5iraap T33FHHH caBJIFHHY HOMXOTFOCHOOC OpllHTOHFOO H3H 3pTH33C 3XJI3H HB33Jn433 6arTaaH yyn ycaa raH yHlLaaF TyXal4 3pj3MT iiaMTaH XOiLLI T3p ra3pblF UaaxaHiH T33r yxaaJIFaap xapbuaN, yHaraH 3 3y,aFyH 6oJnFoUoi-yBaHCTaH 6aiaar IH.CoHHH6aqpMpbA( 6aHHa. H3 Hb r3A< H3pji3x 6ojicoH 6aHHa. Fa3ap TepXeep Hb 6afii.ra) HpC3H Hb COe aw. yr yy.JbIH 33HHH yHacaH xynHIH YCHbl TIyc caBFAHHr aMiapjiaH HpF3HnIJII4HH Hb H3r OHUnJIOF EOM. TeB aHMHIHH ,2I43jir3pxaaH XBaaJI Hb [UHIyycHHH xapauIT apraaax6yCxyH33pHOMxOTrox3H3 Oepeepx3n63j16aHrajiba3xuHAr33 CyMbIH HyTar aaXb xap MOpb niyraa aAHiii F3)1 y3C3HT3H CC TeOaLHHnJ 33n63r 6yc EOM. I-JYT3H 64mHp-1H, HyTar yc,ypramani xe0AerJleceH, xap3i eMcceH, xap XOJI600TOH 6113. 3U3CT Hb H317 3YIJI MOHrOJIbIH Taxi4jrIaT yyji aMbTaH, OHFOH 6aHraIHa epaJ4HH caxaJITaH, 3pF3JlaC3H xap T3M93FJI3X3A Fa3ap YCHbl 333H YCHbl caB}ar, HaBjar Hb 6oJIoHOHonbrHyxaMcpbIHTyBUMrHzl xeMCeOT3H, HA xaBTaH xap XyHHH caBaarHHF HOMXOTFOXOa TyCTaH MOHrFOJInQYYabIH 6aHiraJnb ycaa TaHHH M3a3)K yxaanraap xapbuax ,ypT3H caBjaY Hb TaXHJIraT yyllaH, 3aH ylR yHAJ,j3)K, HOM cy,iap YHIlH)K xafipnax, Xyp33JI3H 6aHiraa Op'IHOO xapbuaaHbl caAxaH yJiaM)KJa1JbIr iix uac OPBOJI yyJIbIHxaa 6HeA HPC3H Hb epeHxi4Aaooee opojiUoo japxnax, 3H3 6yxHr4i!F 3eptlieBc 6HHi 6OJIFoCoH IOM. YyHIHi H3F TOL HJI4Hr3H, ijaCbIF Hb LiHHjr33,a3r 6aiHa. r3Bl 3apl4M HyTarT 333H 333H caxiHyc Hb XHwi3rH3X yqMpTaia iLiJp3JI Hb xaAj 6yT, xeTeni ryB33, yB,jHCTaH r3H3. THHM33C3H 6apar caBaarTaH 9OFfI14H [ll14PYYH F3c3H Tyyx1LLal[uHpT 6H1EL]4r33ryH Hyyp UeepeM, yynI xaapxaHaa 3y, 6o.iaorryk 6aiiHa. Yr Hb 3H3 xapbuawK, F3CF33nJ [HITF3J Y3yyJ3H apJbIH 3aH yHn14HH ynamaKjiajiaac 3x oHroHiOH TaXH)K1 HpC3H ABalan iOM. yYJblH 6aHranHHiH TOFTOU Hb uac HOMXOTrOaOr IBqani 6ag)c33. YYCB3pT3I4 ypaHa yp HIYT33H 60nIox MOHrohTiyyUbIH TaXH>K L'pC3H opJorr-yrl, OpOB'- ajira 6oniaor- CaiH HO0H xaH HbToaOpxOHi6aiHHa.HereeTaJiaap ra3ap YCHbl TOO 61LJ1HHii OHUnJOrTOf46eFeeJIRTyyHHHFHb333H HaMHaHCyp3HI1HiiH 3U3f 3acar MOHFOJILyy.L 333HFyH xa, qyfiyy, 6ypTr3CH33p 800 opHHM 6aiiraar CaBrJlHHH LUmHnA33ITT3H xOJ6oH HOCH Terc-O'-Hp H3F yaaa MOij 6yT, ra3ap yc 6aHxFyA, UeM 6aTTaHi x3JDK 6011HO. 3,jrF33puHH TaHJl6ap-lacaH Hb COH4PXOJITOH OJOOFHHH OBepXaHPraH aHMPrHH 333HT314, T3.LU33p 33iJHFr Hb TaxHiC, HX3HX Hb CaH TaXHmjFbIH cy1apTaii 6aiiHa. YyJI YCHbl 333H caB,arifHHtr XaHpxaHuynaaH, HapHiIHT33Jl xoep apraga>K 6aHix 6CTOH]13C3H LualnHH, 6aPcHaac M4HHHH 6He CyYJiiHH apra,uax TaXHX, HOM yHLujiara CyMbIH 3aaFT OplIHX LHap T33F apJbIH 3aH yHnJIHH xyyJIIIrF 6HHi X3,a3H >K*ci4sT 280-aaabIr Hb yH 16 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA y3yynlC3H 6agaar. T3r3xu33 anJb HyTaFT 60n OP4HH,HOO eHjaep, HOMW niaM Hap, I3a5IH3ypXHHr H3pHHH HHJI33fl Hb 3H3TX3F, Taapaji,caH yynI yc 6oJIuoHbir CO,UOH CypJl3ir yyni 6ag;tai 6o0i xygaiuzaaamgi, ,CoHvHHoxagpxaHblr TOeB,eec yjiamKjiaTaia IOM. Taxb,aarryH, Fa3ap 3yHH 6aipiaan, yyjiapxaF HyTaFT yyJblH cani6ap yyni L3pFH4HX3H, Bor,j xaH yynbIr 3acar MOHroni, xaaj Hoe,J, xyTavT x3ni63p TOrTOU, ,IoMor spHa, TyyX3H OBOO 6agjar. H3r yyibir OJIoH CyM H-oe, TaxmK 14pC3H 6agjar-. xyBi4iiraajaa HaKpaBapaH (XYP;13H yjlaM)KjiaJI, 3pTHHH ec 3aHlHllblH Taxiimaa 6arixaj H3F CYM OJIOH yyJn MoHFoAqyya T3Hr3pHHr opqyyjiaF-), O'HpBaaHHiHH yn6aa 33prHHF xaprani3aH TaXi4X RBIan 6niA r3>K ra3ap 3yHw 3LI3F, ,JIX34XH4F 3X r3)K [yT3)K xyBHJIraaH, MaH3yUMHpHIiH TO,JOpXOH yyJI yCbir TaxH(K Hp)K33. 3p,a3MT3H IL.HUlaFjaap T3M;j3rFji33, 6aHicaH Hb 14X 3pTHHH xyBHnraaH, Hap6aqHH, EFy33p 'YYJI YCHbl TaxHJIra " F3,3F Hb 11,33 )KH11V33 6oniro)K lEaqHXOHfOpblH H4x yllaM?KjiaJITaH. DPTHHM TaxHjiraT XyTaFT 6yIoy 3Jla3B 6o0bcajrBbIH [IOHXop, aRpar cyy, apxi ,Aapcaa 6ora YyJIblH ap espeep HyTariajjar yyn OTFOH-T3Hr3pHAH H3p, Op)K H3p33p epFeMMKJIeX ec HX3,AqU3Jlr3pq T3HF3p xagpxaHqaa epreHyHIIara cyM, aeep eepcA H TanJIbIH cani6ap sqBaa OTrOH Hb 3PTH4H 3Tyr3H 6aibiK33.191 1 OHj IOF4blJTxaaHaap HOMblr Hb YHHLHH TOFTCOH 3aH yyJIc OBOOF TaxHaa 4x 6or yy.jaa F3L3I MH3pHHH XyBIpCaH x31163p IOM. epromeKiexjee OJIHOo pOeFrACeH y4JIHAr Hb qByynax eCIIOJIbIH y14J TaxHiaa r3,q3r Hb 3GB 60nox TyxaH Ep T3HF3pMAHH 33HH1F XypMaCT, xaaH (MaxacaMagj4) lOJl XypT33C3H aiKMi4laraa IOM. T3r3xa33 HyTar 6144C3H 6HH. XypMaCTbIH 311'14HHrF Jyy, YCHbI 6aix WKHU33T3H. DH3 TyXaH HyTrFHH Taxi4JIra xap4iiuaH Yyn yCbIF TaX14X roji 33HHHrJIyC,yyIblH33HHFCaBLara, aKagem4MH4 LIJ.BHpa [JOXOM aALH4jryH, 6ac OpOH Jar4H4H 30pHJIFO Hb ra3ap ycHbIXaa niyc HaBrar, IJJHBuar r3X'IJI3HF33p T3MA3FJ13C3H IOM. OBOPMOU HM,eOlJIeec yyc3H 6HiH caBaar 33,aHH 6ar craw, T3,JH33C HM3p13>K 3aHDIK33. Ar yyHT3H H3r3H ajrinaap 6o.rwocoH COaOH TaxHira, apraap HyTar xoluyy, aiTH aHMar, r3p 6yn, MOHFOJIbIH 3apHM TaxHjiraT MOHFOJI4qyya ra3ap ycaHRaa yHJnag3r 6aiAK33. Mail CYP3FT33 6yAH xHIIHr, aBpani yyJn YCHblH 3pHHH rapaJi, H3p erF'I OPFGM)K H3p xaApHJa>K 6aiiCHblv OPXOHMJ TYLI33 FYH UGOJ xaHpiaJI ryF)K 6yH x3p3r IOM. 6aHraa ec XyBbcaH eepIIneuraeK O'IHpBaaHb (OTFOHT3HF3p), BOFa xaHpiacHaac xoiui YnaaH- HeFee H3r yTraap Hb y3B3JI ra3ap HpC3H H1aJITraaHbIF aBLI y33XHHH xaH (XaH yynI), FyHMcaM6yy lAyTraniaHJH ?KHi4 6yp 20 IiaHIHHH ycaa OHFOJIOHaapxnax 3aH yHJHRH eMHe 3apHM OpreOM) H3pHH TyxaH (X3HTHHii xaH), 3aiicaH TOJIFOH, eM6yy epreger 6aficaH 6on 6onoHxyHM3Tv3n6Himp3inMH1a339 TOBMIXOH FyyJbe. OpXOH TYlJ33 ryH, borF xaHbI T3pXir4H iraraaH HyypblF Taxi4x Hji3pXHH443l IOM. XaH 6 y1oy XaaH 33p3F U3IT33 FyH, TyLu33 FYH 33p3r IOOH eCJIOJIOOp ?KHnI 6yp XOIllYYHbI MOHFOJIbIH TaxHiraT yyJI OeFOM)K H3pHHr yyni xaHpxaHa 6yc H3p 63JI33x3H r3pPHjI MOHI'OAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbI CYAAP OPLUBOA 17 30BXOH XaftpxaH F3)K H3pn73X Hb r,3,q3rHb yrTaa yynixaiipxaHbl opoui 6ereeTenI T3,U!33PHuiH H3pl4AH yyx XYBHJ]raaH naM M UHUU41 TOPCOH 3nI63r 6yHe 6YI0H yc 6yniaFT3pFyyTH1493X3Ha TYYX, YTra rapani, XyBbcaH HyTar r3>K Ba5HxaaH yynI 3apHM TaxmjnraT YyJnblH MOU, IynIYY, LUOPOO OBOORW 00pQJl0Fa0) HpC3H 3yui TorTnIbIF 60Jnro)K33. XOePT. OHOH ronIblH H3pHIr1H ap4 Capbaar x3m33x 6ocr-OCHbl H3p 6onIOBq 6ac yyn, TOallHniiaHxaapq cyanjaaryg 6aHHa. conroui 3TF33,J3, 6afiaar aaran,qyynjcaH Hb XOBCIrE)J,X3HT14f Tonjr-OH r3C3H yTraap x3p3rni3rg3x 3113 6YXH14Ar TogpyyniaX Hb 3pT XOH300COH TaJnblr T3H'j XOA,IlM 3YrHAH YYnICbIH H)pA OJIOHTaa Hb 6U1Il. 3qyr33Fr4fH MOHrOJnX3J]HHH H3pnl3X Hyy)K HpC3H xaMHHFaa 4X Tani m>i Taapangafla. 0pqU4H Laar4HH bee MePFenuH4H iLaLU1H qaHap, X3nHu4n4coenblH yniam)Knani Hgpn]3)33. 1ypaBT, MOHrojnqyya 3PT MOHFOnI X:)n3Ha "M eHX uaCTafi XyqT39 XOr-Wm 6aficaHi yez( yyn 3ajjram>naJIbIH OHUnor, 60JnH uaraac ra3ap YCHbl H3pMfirU33Pn13w yyn,IyyJI XOBql4H OHJOP opF14n" xafipxaHbIr XaH, YC rOnblr XaTaH YTFa3yl4 cyAiania nyxani aq 6agCHaap )KHHX3H3 H3PHAr (3,472 M) r3C3H yTraTarl capbaaF r3)K H3pni3w 6aftaH 60ni LLapbIH X0Jn60Frq0nT0A iOM. mapTcaH 6agw.r X3HITUU YyJblH X3M33X H3PHb TYP3r V)HIA capblF LuauHH AX]r3pCH33C xoi!L bzorg, CYYPUiH 14Pr3HLlIHnT3R 6apyyH 33Pr3M)K33, OpIUHX 14X (wap, araaH),Tar (yyi)F3C3H XOep XaiipxaH F13PHur YyJblH H3pa 6ycaa ync OpOHTOA xapbuyyniaxaa Fa3pblHaaBaaF I33Pn13XsoA0'0 or'a YFnHH HHHi3m)K33c 6yTC3H a)K. aaryyniax ec q:)jr3pq33. T3pqJn3H MOHrojnqyyJbIH HyyaJn1AH coen (414HrHc F0FA)-blH aaBaa r3w 3XHI4U YrHHH 3UC14AH r- F33Fa3H HOeH yyJI, OHOH xaTaH, 3)K l4pr3HLUnJ Hb ra3ap ycHbI H3PHAY H3pi3,a3r 6o0nooa 6agHa "r3w ynimaap3eeneOpCeH riiryyn3jrqlHH xaipxafl, )3)uK MOR, XyyYYJIy, 14X eepqjneX YHqC3HwmaJTraaH 6o0n> OHU-TOH T3Ma3FJJ3C3H66aHHa. gapaa OpCOH T Hb a 6onx< ax, bdara ax, ;IyHa ax, F:yypani ax, 6aHiCHbl 33p3r-U33g,aranigax 6yca, DH:) M:3Tl4rH TO,qOpXOH eopqRorgxc33. H0eH xaHraui, XaTaH xaHrarl ILuaJTraaHaaC HEneenJC0H6aiiHa. IuaIaTraaHbl ynmaac Fa3ap YCHbI H3p Opql4H Luarni4H MOHFOnI X3nH33 r3xiI4n3H-F33p H0CH, xaTaH, 3Lj3r, MOHrOJnbIH ra3ap YCHbl Xyy14IH eep14nerACeH Hb mapralluryfi yH3H capi4r F3C3H yr Hb Capbgar r3C,3H 3X, Xyy 33p,3F H3p33p H3pJl3C3H xa, H3pC mapTaraax 6yioy CYH>Kpax 60.THO. AiiaHryAa TaxunjraT ra3ap yTraap x3p3r,j3rqc33p 6auiraa mog yyni, yc iJOOHryr4 6yr4. 3pTH14i uiaIaTraaH Hb T3Ha 60.TCOH Tyyx3H YCHbI caHIrHgH cy'qap onIHoop T0,411ryii 6ac OHOOCOH H3pHH4H UIYTn13rT XaHa xag (TOB, qB,qan, T3Hqa3Xl4]rH OpElklH Cyyr'ql4, 3OXHOr,aOX60RCOHTO xoni6oraooa yypr33p gaftpan,AarHr4r ayHa- C3pF3JI3H) Hb ra3pbIH 3yparT 3H3 Hb 3aMniaH oaox, HYYH H4p3X XYYL1HH H3p HHnJ33a X3MW<3)3r33P FOBHAH Capmr xai+pxaHaap H3p33p OpCOH16a Aal4rHa xaqr3C3H qB,gaJITafiHqrT XOJ600TOH 6aiiCHbIF 00pIU1017,1COH 60JIHO. 14r4lM 614, )Kl4W33Jn) 60JnHO. MOHrojn aMaH yTr-aTa u T ()Bj yr- 60J]HO. F3T3JJ 3pjZ3MT3HX.I13pni33 arcaH X3,a:H caHF14UH CYqpblH 3X 3XI0xHonz rapgar Capu4r uar-aaH HyTrHi4iHxaH XaHa xaqFr3)K X3333 q xcHl4l33r33p T0,U0PX0AJnC0H 6yHl. x3p3r-nir,D3XYYH 6onrFOCHOO)II PaCy. 14Hr,3HHucap4r Hb 3H3 yr MeH r3wK xqjnA3rryi!, 33uK xaa 6ytoy YyH,q: MOHrOJI OpoHg (beogan]3M TyxAH CYApbir30XUOJlIlOCOH 6o,aooxK6aH4Ha. "ABraH xau r3g3r 60JnCHOOP XyqTHAq3jnr3pq, HYTr14iH 333H HO'eH XYHl11H XYC3JnT 3CB3JI 3OX401 qH4HU TaxiunraTag yyni aaBaa yyFyyJI H3p Hb mapTarjax 6on1COH 6yioyXYBsHnraaHniaM Hapaacra3ap y33Jn 60oaon, ra3ap 1LI14H)K33qU4AH 6YX3H OBOOTOU 6au,araac Enuu4rH 6auHia. YCHbl H3pl49I COJlbx< 6aPrcaH Hb OFCeH H3P33P YYrYYJ1H3pHl4rlFCOIHH OBOO, CaHrHHiH AaaUiaH OBOO, H y yg-)JI 1H ygaMTaUiiYJ3M)K. 3pTHUUA g3nyyH 6onjor, 6114C3H Hb XYHa3Tr-3n1 U3Dpni3n ISH4H,q3p OBOO, AJITaH OBOO r3X M0HoF0Rlyyq 614, OHrOli aapxaH 3aniDKyHapaniXoepbIHoAp opIIaor LUYTn13r 6H4lUp3n, 6un4J3F M3T33p OBOO ii3pmfir ,uaryynNK yyJI YCHbl H3p336aEIHra x3p3rinw, IJlyparTaHi 6yioy Illypar3aui xaH U3M63PnlHr4H 33p3F onIoH H3pnl3C3H Hb 3ni63r 6auiHa. OBOO ye3c ye AaamKyynTaH H4pC3H Yyynblr YrTaMbIH XuHfigrfl LuaJnTFaaHaac yyaC3H 6afifa. 18 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA HIM33C 3apHM ra3ap YCHbI H3p, 6aHraa aoK33. "3Y33H r3p3nT) 6o0JFocoH 6aHHa. Yynaac MOHFOJI H3pT3N 6aiCHblr TYYX3H yjiaM>KJ1aSJT H3p V3C3H X3A TaxHiraT yYJblH H3pIAF TyyH-u13H CaHcap YYflbIH H3p Hb HHHXyy T0B1Ia H3pT3H 6o0nvoH 6 X3Q3H H3pT3H OJCOH 6yH. Bac U33PJ3HH3p.J3>KI4pC3HH3FOHunOU CaHFIIRHH cyjapT seng ser (ILIap eepq'-ulceH Hb caHaMcapryH 6 HyTar XOIlyyHbI HOes A3FYYPTHYYa Hb TOBaI H3p erex yioy MOHFoJi apcniaH) 6yIoy C3HC3p F3;K TOXHOYLLLJIbIH 3yHSJ 6ILI 60nox Hb eepl4riH xapbsAaHbl HYTFUriH 3ax H3pHIRF TOeBEeep opqyym*K 6aficaH T3Mj3FJI3Lf;C3H 6aHix 6a Cygpbl j333px 6apIiMTyyjaac TOZOpXOHi 3aarFIHH FOJI OBOO, yyn ycaHji H3p ABJanj IOM. 3H3 Hb HyTrfiHHXHbl 3OXi4or yr yyJIblr X3BT3)K 6yH 6afiHa. 1HuiM maAraap OrCOH 3apHM erq 6aicaH TOXHOJjlaoj1 q C)6aibKc3. ayHZ1 Te,AHHJIeH g3nr3p33yii, apcjiaHFIIHH X3J163pT3H F3)K H3p 6ypMeceH MapTaraJaw,K yTFa OTFOHT3HF3pHiiH napaa rariuxyy nIaM HapblH xyp33-33)p IIHH)KCH33C HHH H3pjI3C3H a)K33. rapan Hb M3,3FZ13X33 6onbcoH OpOX MOHX uiaCT H3F3H CeHeCeH xsv3raapnarimaA 6ag)K33. H4M H3pC MOHrOJIbIH Fa3ap YCHbl 6aiigar. 3H3 TyxaH H3r3H M3Ja33F ranIT YyJbIF Xyy-IMHH LiarT Hb 3OBXOH TyxaA Tyxai4H yy1IblH H3PHi4F MOHrOJh Typ3r xoep aKlageMHq U4,IaaMaJHHCyp3H O4HpxaHipxaH F3?K H3pn3)K CaHFHHH cy,Lpaap gaM)KHH HpC3H X3JIHHH YI33C 6yTC3H, r3X)A33 T3Mq3FJ13Xq33 ",L3jrI3pxaHraH 6aHcHblF xo>Kyy yeucaHrHiH cyaap 6yii. Tyxaiiii6an, H4x yrTaa.n MOHFOJI yr Hb FOJIJIOJOF F3)fK yYJbIH XyyqlH H3p 6o0i 1H3ji xaaH 3OXHOX yecT Xan3aH 6ypr3rvT3i (,IyHaroBb) yymbl OH 6o0 HH HO pH 3pa3MT3a Y3C33p Hp)K33. H3p 3yH'i 6yioy 1HH33J1 xaaH r3wK Aop)K F3C3H Hb 3H3 H3p33p angapuIDf33. (Hx xex yyn), CyBapra xaHpxaH 3PU3MT3H B.A.)KytLKeBMq: "Typ3r M3Hp3H 5pbCaH IOM" F33, 3H3 T3pHrn3H XOPXOAT TOJiFOH H3pT3HI (ApxaHrari )-blr b piH rap pH (H4x rapaJ]Tafi UOOBTep H3pHHRF 3C H3pHHH YMpblr OnOX F3)K HX3J, H313H YYHbIr 3aAbIH I3133H Myyxau uLaraaH yyn), X3HTHHI xaHbIr TOOUBOJI MOHFOJIbIH ra3ap YCHbl H3P COHHpXCOH 6onosiB TaHjI? 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MOHrOJI ra3ap YCHbl OHeejep 614,HHii rapT 6aiiHa. x a p x a H (Br y p 3 H U 3 H r 3 JI), H3pHHH 6yp3Jna3xyyH,4 MOHrOJI H3p oJ7aooa 6aHraa 3apHiM ra3ap YCHbI ItyH,aFOBHHHL araaHq:3nJr3p 3oTonxaHbIF (Cyx6aaTap) 3OHxHwwor Hb YH3H 60onoBM TeB1il, CaHrHHH CyapbIF y33X3,q qyxam CyMbIH HyTaF Hb bop2KHrHHbl HyTaF C3B2IKH96aJi6ap (Cyp )iCaBXj1aHT camrapAji rapaJITa H3p Typ3r xaaHaXbIH qmap ra3ap 6oi0ox Hb 6eree, VIII Borg eepHHH HyTar Luor6aapax), TOOHO (X3HT14) X3JlHHHX33C ,yTaxaapry OJIOH M3gl3r,a3xryH 6aiHa. )KHlu33nj63i, r3xK3apj1acaHyaaaTaiiF3H3.XoLUyy yyJbIF qamL6an6ap F3XqJI3Hr33p 6yrir 614wHii rapT 6aHiraa 3a5IHXOHFOpOOC OJIUCOH MH TOHF HOeH FoM6oCyp3H (1u33p H3p Hb H3pnJ3C3H 6o0i Toroc (TeB, 3pa3H3) X3p3F313Fra3XyyH F3pqH4JIH3. 3eBxeH pH (mi gtong ri) yy IbIH caHrHHH OM6OHyp3H) Yxaa OBOO X3M33X yyJbIF Ma>Kaa r3>K op t IyyjicaH TaxUJIFaT yyin YCHbI H3p F3X3A JI cyaapT 6yH 3H3 H3plFlr opiyyn6an ra3pbIv 3aawK H3p xa pjiaaq F32K 6aHHa. 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TeB aHMriHHH A B aj 6yX3H Hb Tyxal4H 'lSyp3r "(xaHFaI) 6aH)K 6oIox IOM bpyFv3C3H yr Hb Jlyy F3C3H yTraTai BaTcyM63pill HyTar XyiiH oAOooH ra3apTavraa xon6oo0foH 6aRiK r3wK KH.aaHbl (X-XII ) yeT3fl ToBq yrF 6o0iHO. MoHFo.uHyya yyni Xy,arHHHH ,3pr3,a3x 6MIuxaH TOnvOii0, ra3pbIH H3p, Tycra.uaa yjw33c3H xon60o T3MTj3riJ3>K33. MeH 3pTH19 ycaa 1HHA-KHXJ33 UOepBeH XyHT3H aHx VIII F0oIVblH ye3c J0Jl00H 6aRqrHfir yryHcr3xryli. F3xu,33 X3p3fii aHMFHHH T3pryYHH,Il uOn 6o.iooa eep 6ycaj aH aMbTaHTaH Hb xoLuyy jaHLUJF HaaAam XHH)X ra3ap3yH4H TyyX3H H3PC Hb TyyX3H 6onox Typ3v rapFJblH bujuruq, ajHJ1TraH TaAjl6apnaxK HPC3H MaHJaJI eprex ecnojn XHm1a3r yiin A5BJIyyabIH ye 6yp, yycq bujrug (3axHpar-i) F3C3H yF XyBlHp- ra3ap YCHbl MarTaaYL, ra3ap 6oncHooc XOALU MaH,aji OBOO F3X 3,r33pHHH OIIOHXH Hb uar lyiopyr-bypyr-Byp3r (xaHrafi) LUHH)4HXyHH cyjapT TO,OpXOH 6oncoH 6aiiHa. YYHT3H aqHj1 H3r xyrauaaHbl ypcrajnii OJIOH 6oncoH r3c3H caHaji q 6ac 6aiAara. TyccaH 6ailaar. 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MaHaHi H3pT TaxFj1raT yyni 6air4,aaac xaMrHHH OTOH cyyraa Cap UIYBYYTaH1 aawn 3YYHbI yea XYH HynJyyTbIH XeHaREWi COnOHFOc cy)nar'-, JIOKTOP 3pTHHI 6ereali ro0n Tax{jiraT yyJI x3ji63pT3HrF33c yy1a33T3H 6onHo. HyTarnax 6o31coHToii xoJJ6ooToH. B.CyMbqa6aaTap "XqTaH rypHHHrF Hb E)yp3r (xaHraii) yyJI ioM. Opoiiq eMHe r-yynjC3H CaHcap 6 DpTHHH TYp3F X3JIHHIJ TacKbIn yHA3CJ13F-I14HH CYPBani1K 64HqHFT Hb yyJI MaHaH xeOUHFrJIOH yp3r yyJIbIH H3pHR C3HC3p 6ojrOCOH Hb 6 6yioy HyUIr3H TOJIFOH F3C3H A6aoU3bI x3M33c3H 6agUar 6ereei 6apar xapaFujaraac 6yaw3 yp3r yyH jyyr33 aiIn KHLHFHHHH3pJI3JuT yTraTaH 3H3 H3p XO)KHM MOHFOJI 3H3xyy A6aoLn3bII op0iJyyjcaH [3c3H yTraap H3pJl3C3H 6aHK 6oJIOx iOM. T3FB3JI Eyp3F YyJIblH opoiiu 6afi,r-aac nyy X3j13Hj qyy,anara CYH)KpaH TaCKbIH- ra3pblF "My-e-maHb " F32It3F 6evee)0A TaJITaH. F3Bq Byp3rxaHrali YyyJblH yyJI MaHaH xeTu-HFrjeH TacraH-rJacraH 60JICOH TyyXT3H' "IlaHb" F393F Hb yyJI, yyJI Hypyy TOBa x3nJ33p 6aiiraa CaHFHHH 6ailaar 173C3H TOCEOeI@OEp q IOM yy 20 SACRED STlES OF MONGOLIA 3CB3A nyyr"mH X3JI63pT3fi nyy r-3C3H H:)p rapqaar Hb CyM HyTrHfiH OpIIHH CyyFqHU T4 yl OOJIox YBC F3C3H jyyxiaraap aTpmHi,aH CyHaA< TOFTCOH 6aHLu XMfiaHl4HU33B3PT ypjiacaH H3F 3yfiJ H3pHAF yxaapaarFyfi r3) .13nrF3pc3H F3n1T3A. I5a 6yfoy Ba 6afixiaap Hb 11 IOM YY, J()PBOH FOPOOC14HUXXC3H iaHAgar-. T3Mj3FR33,UnOTaHHH ",E)PBO;IYYq (Wopmai3airaw yycr-3C3H rOnTIYCHbl XyqT3HIlr4 H31 33p 6jn3rza3ni 6onrfOH H3r-3H YeHTf H XOlllYYHbl HdX Hyyp r3,a,3F, xanXqyyj Cy6caH H3p AJnTafi-Cl6HlpH4H HyTar H 3prl] CHHri anb Hb Li 6afi)K 60ojjx H3pHrHr TyxaHiH HVTFlHiH xamrl4lHH Hyyp, XOTOHFYYZl 3opFonI, TaFHa- U3BCr3pT 6apar qaHpaniaaarryfi tO M. MOHFOJI'yyAbIH Fa3ap angapTafi yyni ycaap H3PA3,U3F ypHaHxatiqyyi Yrica XOJnb 6ytoy YBC (ubsu) r-3,a3 H3PWiF TYP3F LUHHWKHXyHH ecoop 60ni aTi4paaTaR yiam>Knian ecoop F)yp3r- YyJblH YCBa-XOnlb r3,a3y" X3M)3H x,3RH mrl ub(rarlyyH) + su (yc)= YPF3,I)KH4nC3H yynI Hypyyr JIYYF14HH MpT3Hi Ca3Hl4l6yp3r- YyJblH XOLLYY 6H4qC3HH4H!FqypgcaH 6arlHa. f-aLLIYYH YCT Hyyp F3)K Y3B3n- U11HH)KT39 F3,a3F. F3)K 6aHlcaH Hb TYYXHrHH 0-aPIIMMLA TYYHqJ3H E.35l.BnaailmIpLUoB 1910 30XH4HO. YqH4P Hb YBC HYYP Hb HYTrHH~HXHbl aYHLA 3H3 Yn)9K33. OHA7 XOB, a qpBeaE)p slBcaH AaBCTaHi yqpaac 4HFr3)K y33x 6yp3H YYJ]bir- JyyTaHl XOR6OCOH aoMor q a,YFH3B3J] fyp3r-xaHrag yyJI TaAjiaH,qaa YBca Hyyp F3C3H, YH,A3c 6WH. 6HHi. 3pT L\arT T3Hr3p33C H,3F nyy Hb "JIYYT xaHraHl yyn " 3C3H H3p F.E.FPYMM FpiH)KagHno ( 1914) AJnTaRL4YYabIH HYTaFT 6yyXK iHp)K, apa OnIOH, aiimuiiHrTaHi 6aHaK 60niox fOM. flaaIlpamq 40PBE),yya Ycya F3)K TOqa yygAaF CapblCy (Ijap yc), ljopcy (aaBCT raHi ramrLlHr Tapb)K33. 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Fa3ap YCHbl H3pHHH He0JeenJcHHfi H3r 6apHMT 600nJK 3yHT3H F3)K 6oaoK 6aHHa. ra3ap 6ocrocoH MOa, TOMOP rapnIbir HHHF3M TYYXHHH YHiii 6aiaHa. baqH-jrHH aHMFrHHH LIIOHFOOP Hb MOJOT eHa0ep, Bqjuiaap xeeH ToUpyyniaxgaa FH3 M3THHH H3pHIRF byraT CYMbIH HYTarT OPLIHHX H3F3H ToMePT OBOO F3XHYI3H H3pnY3X HapHIH HMFT xaHqaXC, X3I, Tyyx, cygniaxaU Fa3ap UIHH>KHXyHH cyaap, TaxHiraT YYJ]bir 333p13rF F3,q3r. Bsaaji OJILIIpOX TeJIeBT3H 60onoB. ra3ap 3yH, yrcaaTaH 3yHI 33p3F TyxaHH ra3ap YCHbl cyaap, joMor ,33p ye, HapMaHaax m3a3x H3pT3H T3pqu3H yHfAlB3pJ3nJ-HH4iBLBYY 3pX OJIOH yxaaHbl 6apHMTaa xyyq-33p3F Hb H3r 'yxaji 3X CypBaJiK 6aiicaH 3H3 YyyJblF XX 3YYHbl 3X3H aIIriHHH XYP33Hj 3OXHIjYYn(K gynayAzjax uiaapaUar-aTaH Hb 6o0nox 6a YYHa yrHHH rapJiblH ye,q AJITaHH ypHaHxaHH Jl0AIOOH UIHH4KJI3X yxaaHbi aq xoji6orAJIbIF xapayua)K 6aHHa. YqHp Hb ra3ap yxaaHbl YY7jH33C xaH,Laax xoLUyyHHw1>KTaxbaar 6aA1K33. H3F yJI X3p3rc3H Hyya3JH4HHH COenJ YCHbl H3p F3A3r 60n 30BXOH maap,anaraTaI IOM. yZqaamAH TaXHJIFbIH ye, 3M33JnT3H Hpr3HlJIlHHH 3aH yHnJ, TOrTCOH ra3pblH rauapFyyFHHH 6agiaan, MOpb anra 6oxiK X3, XOHOrHHH 3aHiunaac caHracaH H3p eOceO HbH yHLUyyJ13H eOceH H3p ToalHH 6yc Ysira yr ,aapaa YyyJblH OpOHi xeEiJleOK TYYX3H yHnJ qBAJ1yyaTaH OITXOH I OJIOH YCHHH X3J TyyX, HIaUJHH yXC3HHHr Hb 333H Hb OJDK33. xaMaaryH 6aHHa. I4HHXyy COJIHX Hb COCJIb[H OJIOH aaBxapFbIF MoHronIqyyablH yyJI yc MOpHHbl 333H T3p YyJIbir MOpb YH3H X3p3FT33 ap, TyMHH4 3aH r3pH4JIC3H 6apHMT 6oJIHo. HllyT3X yj1aMxnaCJII Hb g33g epTeHUI 6yjiaaK aBcaH 333PX3r 6 yloY 3aHIJJ4J], x3jL sipHaHbl COenJblH YJIF3pJI3H x3x63n, ra3pblH T3HF3p, goog epTeHU JIyc XOepbIf 3,3H213F yyni 6aHHa r3CH33C ya3H TOFTCOH A3r KYpMbir 3epqHAK FyHHH JqaBxaprbIF xeHAAeH 3rU33p Hb XyHHHi 6 y10y ayHa HapMaH,uax yyJblF 333p313 yyni r3x 6aiiraa x3p3r r3JIT3H. 3YC3X3A ojioH ye jaBxpaac epTeHueO xOJ160)K Y33X Y33JI caHaar 6oJIcoH r3JaU. 3H3 M3THHH OJIOH YrcaaTaH sICTHbI X3I TyyX, rap,aFTag awHi 6eFee; TyyHH14F HR3pXI4HJIl3F 6H3133. eBE)a apBaH ?KH433q rypRaaK 6o0JHo. coeji, LuaHJHH IUyTJI3F, X3B 3aHuLHJI, Hb M3p3F)KJ4HHH XYH uar ye3p Hb J33,tCIIHHX33 aBllHJria)K, TaxHjiraT 6o0noH 6ycag Hyya3R CyypbIIlHJI, 6aHira.lUiH TOFT0oLor 6HnJ33. Fa3ap ycaHa LYH1H4FJ]3AK HpC3H yyji ycaHqaa ra3ap YCHbl H3pHHr COJIHH H3pJI3)K 6aquiar, aMbTaH ypraMJIbIH TOB,4 H3p ereX, H3pHHF op'-yyjiax, aMb Hac, Mall cypr33,aaTraH TaXl4H HpC3H Hb OJIOH LlianTraaHTaii 6ar4Bl 6aipnlml TapxaiU, ye yCHHH TaHHH yyFyyJI MOHFOJI H3pHHr TeBa,fHiiH IllYT3)K HPCH33C foy caHacaH eceH 6ac CYYJ1HHH yea qyp 3OPFOOP M393XyrHH -lyxan M3g33jijiHHir TeCT3H qyyuRaraT H3p33p 6 yloy XyC3JI MHHb 6Heini33 OJIOB X3M33H eep'-iex xaHanara 6Hii 6oJIcHbIv xagranafia MOHFOJIbIH ra3ap YCHbl eepeep COJIHH H3pJI3X, OPFOM? OMOFLItHH 6aqcqar avK33. T3pxyy 3EBTFoX apraryH. aOPHOFOBb H3p Hb eepHHH F3C3H HapRHH H3p erF 4pC3H COHHH TOFTOJIUOO TaXIlH LLYT3)K HpC3H YYJI yC Hb Oep aHMFHHH XaTaH6ynar CyMbIH TorTOJIuOOTOH, Tyc 6yp Hb yTIVa Hb 3pT ye,l XOBOp 6aficaH araa, eepHHIl*333HT3H, jiyccaBaFTaA r3F(K ra3pblH H3pCHHJ' HlrTjiaH yqHpTaHr eMHe aypacaH llIapblH ILLaHlIHH MOH[ORj y333,j CaH TaXH4JblH cyaap HOM 6arigaaxag XqHFa YYnJbIr XaHrH 6apHMTNYy r3pqIHJ)K 6aHHa. ,A3JF3pC3HT3H XOji6OFAJOH XVI 6YT33JFi3>K yHIHyyj,aaF Hb ra3ap 22 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ra3ap oAiponiuoo 6aiiHa. YqHP Hb 3Lt3F, 93J]XHHF 3X F3,a:F 6aHlHa. LllyT3XH4HH Tyna OJIOH 3yyH caH 60FEree TyxaHi TyxaAH MOHFOnTqyy)l 3U3F 3X33C TOpCOH r3x T3HF3p Hb aniHB 3yfi4n aMb TaxH.TblH CYUpblr 30XHO)K, HYTFHiHHxaHqaa IllYT3X33C Oep 60JnOBt rapani .93Fyypaa TaBaH opyyniaar, Fa3ap Hb Vx3n63p UYPC 3OXH4OJnrO)K H4pX33. MHHHHi 6Hie apFaryi! TOM yynIc IOM. max6O,ab 6yioy ra3ap Luopoo opyyniaar r3C3H y33ni 6m4i 6o0nE33. CYYJlllHH rYPBaH )KHnJa MOHrOJIblH MoHronqyyU TaxHnraT T3pFyyTH3WC yyc3H 6yp3nRqC3H r3)K MOHr-OnHyyj T3HrmpliOH 3)3HHHrir TaxHniraT YYJnYCHbl H3pHPF rapraw,n yyv,laa XYHU3TY3H xaH, xafipxaH, y3,u3r,. ffllm33 6aHranlb ,93JIXIAI33 XypmaCT, XypmaCTbIH -)J]qHfr Jlyy, xoep 3yy op"Mm caH TaxHJlblH cy,aap TaxHnrFaT, TaXHJIT, 6or, xagpnaxblIH TYJIanyccaBqar x3m33x YCHbJ 33HHHrF JIyc, YyJnblH 33HHHF tYFJIYYJnCHbl A33XC33C 3H3 Homa r3xjln3Hr,33P H3pnl3xK HpCHHHrf oHnrFonTbff 6nHi 60JnFO)K33. CaBgZaF F3>K TaxHmC iip)33. D3H3 60Jn opyyJInaa. Fa3ap 3yiN, 3p;13MT3H, M11HHHH 6H4e "Fa3ap YCHbJ OpFOMxW Hyy,a3jiqH yqaMTa H ra3ap T3Hr-3pT aianbIHXy q1 H 6yloy npo(beccop ItI.Iar)lap 6arlII H3p " r3C3H Or-yyn3nAg33 TOaOpXOr4 MoHrojlqyy,abIH XyBbA raH 3ya 33p3F 333H 6EIHf F393FT 1HTr33,a 3orcooryit, "MOHroOi a3ap 3yH4H H3pl4HH TOBII oryynIC3H 60JnHO. DJI HOMU OpCOH 6agiranHHAH xaTyy lIlHpyyH 6aHranIb r3,q3r Hb caB IIIH4M TOJIb 6HMi,r, "xgm33x 6YT33j,j3:)aJIb caH TaxHnJblH CYRpyyaHb xapHnL\aH Y33r,,am4AEr xapi4ynaxbIH Tyn Xypaa HaaLulaa r3,a3r Hb 6ailranuH4H XyQll1H, XyHHHi MOHrOJIbIH Taxi4nraTai- yyni yc HpC3H 3pU3MT XYBHn]raaa Li XyHiraa uaamlaa XyBb 3aARa xoep LIaaHaa uang r39rHHrt yyn, OBOO, pauIlaaH yc, ronI 30XHO0COH 6yHt. HO14TOO 6a3aax< xoni6OOTOH r:3uK y3C.3H x3p3r 6onHio. MepeH, Hyyp Lteepem, 6yniar ijjaHq, YyJn YCHbl lIX3HX cyzaafT yyR Horooroo :)n63rwTyyni33cAE XYHHH E)e)PIHHX Hb caHaa yqraH MO)J, OHFOH xag qyniyy r3x YCHbixaa 333H caXHYCbIF YP1HH F3>xc xOx T3Hr3p, xOpc 93JIXHH, yynI 60,aon ra3ap ,A3nTXH4Aa33 M3TqlHn3Hr33P HapimcraH 3agnaxw RyyAawK, 6YslHT Man cypr,33 YCHbixaa 33,J33C COepXOJI 3pj3r' Hb Honeeniareec ra3ap U3JIXHH Hb 60JIHO. qr,33PHb HyTar HyTalT TOM T3HF)pWHH oA LIIlr OROH 60Jnro7K, yri4RH H,A Luia33p api-aqa)K 6AHCHbI 3pr-3:3A XYHq HOJE)eInOFr 3C3H W H3F Hnp3ii60JIHO OfinrOnT 3pTH33c 6HHi 60-'ICOH aBtl XaHraRH YyJlblH HoeH oprim apBH4)KyyniaXblr 3r)3pl, raHi6apuag,, 13agrajiHH 3p YYTF3Jn Hb 3H3 xoni6oor cygnaar yH IOM. OTFOHT3Hr3p,,AOpHOq MOHrOJnbIH Fap.3blH yyal4fi yJI XYC3M)Kn3H, T3HY3p, 3M yyTf-3J Hb i-a3ap a3nxHi4 MOHI oniqyya ra3ap ycaa 5OnlOH aapbraHrbIH AnlTaH-0BOO XOepbff XIDKH- E)BqHH, aa JOH, myy xyjiraHi F3vEK y393F 6aACHaaC T3HF3pHHF T3,aF33pH4HH 339HHF TaxmH XOOpOHA Hb xapbuyyniax apraryn ag3p3m, raH 3ya. XApyy ME)HUOp, MOHFOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbl CVAAP OP'MBOrI 23 canx iiuyypra 6onOH x5ImpaH TeB13elq, 3pa3MT3H L.EbypH33, H3PT SACRED MOUNTAINS IN correct and appropriate use of such T3MUI3X XOJI oHpbIH xopJnoJI, x3.1 aM, c3TryyJIT , opiyynarFi F.AKHM MONGOLIA places. In an era of rapid change such X3pyyJI ypyynI T3prYYT3H ynI HapblH 33p3r OYIOH cail Hexe, as that which confronts Mongolia at 3OXHhITOX 3yrHHH 6yXHHiiF TycjIajiuaa Y3yynJC3Hg rYH33 By0. SukhbaatarwithM. Palner, the start of the 21'' century, we need aMHpjiyyJiaaH 30XHO)K, XOTOJI OJlHbl TanapxaK 6aHraaraa Secretarn General ofARC to know how to walk gently upoIn this Hac 6yM9H 6aTiKc4*, uor yqpai, aMHbI I43pxH0McyF3i. fragile land and the past tells us how. xHLu[4r I3JI[3pL, caHacaH X3pFHgF DH3 HOMbIF X3BJsnYJy3X One of the major reasons for working This book opens the door to such aM 3eHI Hb 6yT33xHfiF OROH 3yHf433p caixaH caHaa'-nara rapraK 6yx with the traditional religion of careful, respectful walking. It explores XyBb 6ypayyjI3H rFYYJIC3H 6agaar. Taniaap 3M>KJ13F y3YyIC3H 3YLXHHH Mongolia is that buried deep within it the relationship between people and YyJI ycHbl TaxHinra F3,q3F Hb 6aHK 6o.noH A,Z3YLXHHH 6avranb are legends, stories, even names which landscape, between the land and the MoHF0onyy,abIH AyH, MaLu epFeH xamraaniax caHFH14H MOHFOJ Iaxb tell us a great deal about a proper people and as such provides a unique ,U3J1F3pC3H 6airaJ]b xaMraanJnIbIH ToBH1ooHbl3pX3MHeXOa -B.-hi4M3,a- relationshipwithnature.Flowingfrom map of the sacred ecology of H31 x3JI63p 13A171,HH1 IJOXOH OMHp, B.baaTap, 1.3n63r3aqa, pre-Buddhist cultures, enhanced and Mongolia which lies, literally as well ,qypzajITaH. YynycHblcaHTaxwIbIH P.10onop Hap, FaHaaHT3FLIHHJI3H often codified by Buddhism and now as metaphorically, just below the cy,Lpyy,i Hb 3eBXeH luaIUHbl 3aH XHH4i,aHH xaM6a raM -lofiiKaMU, fused with environmental awareness, surface. yiijHii4r sIyyniaxa, YHLUHX HOM naMTaHX.BMm6a)KaB,TeB13cy,JCapbIF the ancient names of sacred Te,aiHHireep x13raapniar,axryg xyyjiaH 6H4C3H lUaWuHbI a33z mountains, lakes and rivers indicate a One of the distinctive traits of MOHrOJIbIH T1,Jq X3J1T ypaH 3oXHOJIA CypFyyni!H OlOyTaH H.jlaBaacyp3H, profound respect for nature which is Mongolian civilization is its profound aB-i y3133C 3OXHJLTOII H313H TepeJI aI,ynaMparFaa, AZEHAoH)KaMLm, one of the hallmarks of Mongolian relationship with nature and its 3yHJ] 6o.nx erHe. Y14nP Hb yyJn ycHbl Cyrapjop>K, l:.C3Hr33 HapT MeH culture. As the country rebuilds itself preservation of wilderness. Mongolians caH c3p)KHM, marTaan coepxoji CXnT H3r3H aAHJi 6aAipnacaH C3Tr3JIHHH following the Communist era, it is have developed outstanding traditions Hb MaHaH aMaH 3OXHOJIbIH aOTOp xaqraa epreH 6apbA. appropriate to look back and to see of a relationship with nature by deifying rap,gar y.naMrKna.wT MarTaajibIH what insights our forebears had when nature and the earth, and by eryyJI3M)KT3H TYH TecT3H 6ag,aar OTIHblC3Tr3nHJHT]I3MACn3r33p they saw this land as inherently sacred. worshipping and glorifying their 6H133. YyJI ycHbl caHr-HHH cyaap, 6yTC3H 3H3 HOM OJIOH TyM3HA 6yqIH homeland, flora, fauna and wildlife, TyxaHH YyyJbIH 3ypar C3JITHHF 3p3H TyF33X 60orTyrai. For many outside Mongolia it might mountains, hills and lakes. There are Cyp1aJI)KHliX( gyrnyy.uax, CyapbIr seem strange to look to the names and some 800 venerated mountains and opqyynax 33p31T [UIYA-blH X3J1 legends of the past to build a new sites in Mongolia according to our 3OXHOJIbIH Xyp33J13HFHHH TeOB) future. But Mongolia has a delicate estimation. Over 280 of them have cy,ianIbIH caJi6apblH gpxji3rv, ecology which has been respected - their own holy Buddhist texts - known ,JoKTop,rpoDeccop. .Xyp3.n6aaTap, indeed venerated-throughout history as sutras. The sutras reveal how LIawuHbl AJ33J; CypFyyJl4HlH 3axHpan, because people instilled in names and Mongolians deify nature, with their LU.CoHHH6a5Ip, MYHIC-bIH 6ariu, legends wisdom concerning the belief in the existence of chief local 24 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA deities who are described so with nature, indeed explicitly for the sizes differ from place to place. This many sections including theory, beautifully through the poetry and protection of nature. which is part of is a major area for study, revealing as offering, purifying, praying, bestowal, symbolism in the literature for every the heritages of Mongolian religion it does the deep relationship betweeni eulogy, praising, naming of spirits, anld mountain and place. and culture. Mongolianis believe that religion and ecology, culture and marking of the site with ritual and the fate of humanity is inextricably people which runs as a river through statues. The nomadic Mongolians have a long interwoven with the fate of nature the history of Mongolia. We offer it tradition of honouring the land through itself. here because we believe it holds one The majority of mountain-sutras honor the reading of religious books, making of the keys to a true understanding of the chief deities of the mountains and offerings and praying in order to seek Despite the profound belief that the how Mongolia can develop without waters; wish for the increase of sacred to avoid natural disasters such as world affects humanity and vice versa, losing its identity. This book is a new animals, such as the snow leopard, so draught and heavy snowfall. The this relationship, so fundamental to the expression of the sutras which taught that there will be as many as there are following is an example of a prayer spiritual and physical ecology of so powerfully and for so many stars in the sky; pray for a good asking for blessings and benediction Mongolia, has never been studied centuries that the fate of humanity is harvest; ask for a long life, prosperity, from the deity of the blue sky, the thoroughly. Mongolians have created interwoven with the fate of nature well being and happiness; and seek to Earth, mountains and waters: hundreds of ritual sutras in order to itself. prevent disaster and troubles such as express their veneration of the land, draught, heavy snow, hail, wind storm, Dear Blue Eternal Heaven the mountains and their deities. Over It should be emphasized that the diseases, robbery and sin. Let summer come to us two hundred have been collected by veneration of mountains is one of the Let well being come to us this project in just three years and most popular methods of traditional All examples cited here prove that the Let winter go away Professor Sh. Shagdar has produced a nature conservation among names of sites and mountains which Let rain come to us study of many of these in his "A Brief Mongolians. Mountain-sutras are not preserve ethnic culture, history, Let wind go away Dictionary of Mongolian only religious books for ritual language, religion, traditions and Let it be wet, and Geographical Names". He also ceremonies, but they are also an nomadic life style, relate also to Let us have more grassland. published an article " Venerated invaluable repository of wisdom natural resources, and location and mountains and waters in Mongolia" in derived from Mongolian culture and spread of wildlife. They were created In traditional Mongolian belief, the which he classified them into 3 written in Tibetan - the religious in order to preserve and protect, and ruling deities, Heaven and Earth, were categories: mountains with major language of Mongolia. this is reflected in their very structure. male and female, respectively. It was ritual worship; local worship and believed that heaven makes things regular worship. Under venerated This is shown by the fact that Therefore, it is time to undertake come alive and the land shapes and mountains we also classify subgroups Mongolians respected and honored comprehensive studies into the sustains things. Mongolians have of mountains, hills, ovoos, spring, their mountains, awarding them titles origins, background, evolution, created traditions such as this rivers, lakes, udgan (worshipped) such as khan, khairkhan, or bogd. A meanings, and structure of the names embodying a profound relationship trees, virgin rocks and others. Their traditional 'nature' sutra consists of of sites and mountains. It is important MOHIrOAMIH TAXPIAIAT YYA \'C1bI (CYAAP OPmBOI 25 to be precise and critical when we reflecting the older Mongolian name it with a father and the Earth with a the top of hills and at the juncture of study the background of the names in but sometimes complementing it. This mother. Foundational to this was the roads is intended to serve as many relation to social and historic events, began around the 17"' century when Mother of the Earth, known as Etugen, deities as possible. Thus the location exploring them through theories Buddhism first became a popular which means a possessor of the land. of ovoos is not accidental, they are arising from a number of sciences such religion within Mongolia This is an Onon, a part of the primeval venerated power points of influence withini the as linguistics, history, geography, interesting example of the growing mountain Otgontenger is a revised landscape, and this is as true ethnography and others. These names influence of Buddhism in Mongolia. version of the ancient name of Etugen. physically as it is true spiritually. are not only names related to the The name Otgon in Mt. Otgon is a Along side this shamanism instilled geographic formation but preserve the The origins of the religious modified version of Etugen. Etugen, respect for nature through traditions heritage of language, history, culture, ceremonies of the Mongolians are the deity of the land, is said to have forbidding the cutting of young trees, ecology and religion of many found within Shamanism and are an magical abilities related to the fertility moving rocks and stones, dropping generations. For just as the mountains expression of the ancient tradition of and fecundity of plants, and blood and dairy products into water, reveal to us the layers of time in their respect and honour shown to both Mongolians also dedicate their destroying roots of grasses and sediment beds, so do the traditional nature and homeland. The traditions animals to her as well. This is still very hunting certain animals. This is names, rituals and sutras of these of venerating mountains have arisen much the case even today. encapsulated in the saying 'the deity selfsame places. We are about to begin from both oral and written Mongolian will get furious' and 'lives and to delve into history, religion, culture, sources, but the oldest of these are the Mongolians believe that each properties may be in trouble'. The ecology and wisdom which these long shamanic oral traditions. mountain, stream, river and lake has deities were placated by burning ignored names and sutras reveal to us. its own deity. This is illustrated by the incense and reading religious sutras. These traditions and ceremonies proverb "a mountain has a deity and In order to please deities and spirits, a For millennia, Mongolians entrusted originated with shamanism, where the water has a spirit". ceremony of marking as holy, sheep, their lives and the well being of their role of ancestors is pivotal. The focus goats, horses, camels and bulls takes livestock to the mountains worshipped of shamanic ritual is the ovoo (a pile The land was used as a pasture for place. by the ancestors and lived contentedly of stones) each of which is considered livestock and considered to be a with the belief that this would work. the home of an ancestral spirit. The 'homeland' and generated a variety of Deities of Mongolian lands and water They believed that the venerated ancestral spirit can communicate forms of worship. Rivers, mountains, are of several types. For example, mountains and rivers had their own directly with the deities of heaven and hills, and lakes, which make up the mountains with a ferocious deity are spirit or deities and with the coming earth. The Shamanism of ancient homeland each have a deity. This very common. Mt. Otgontengeris said of Buddhism and the emergence of Mongolia arose from deification of the belief was adopted by Buddhism and to have a ferocious deity, while written texts, they created sutras for land and veneration of local deities later became an inseparable part of the Mt.Tsambagarav is said to have a each of them. An interesting aspect of associated with particular physical society and religion. Even ancestors fierce heavenly deity associated with this is the giving of a Tibetan name to features. From ancient times were buried at a high altitude to entrust Esvun. The differences in the physical the land and mountains, often Mongolians deified the sky identifying them to the deity. Creating ovoos on appearance of the site often determines 26 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA the kind of deity they are thought It is believed to enter a person via the as well as trying get it as close as uncovering through this project. possess. In the ritual sutras of ovoos a hair to protect people, even acting as possible to the sacred Chamdrdmani The sacred mountains of Mongolia are number of deities of lands and waters a blessing. Therefore, people dislike hillock in the middle of the lake. divided into three distinct groups in were clearly described. being touched on their head and fear terms of ritual: a) mountains with to beat the heads of animals saying that A deified or venerated mountaini of the greatest extent of veneration; b) those Different descriptions of deities are this will drive the blessing away. steppe is usually the highest, most with comparatively lesser extent of connected with local points of view. spectacular and picturesque one in worship and c) routinely worshipped For instance, the spirit of Oird's Only particular mountains and hills are contrast to its surrounding mountains. They also differ according mountain is known as White Old Man. considered for veneration, depending environment, whereas in mountainous to the extent of public involvement in Oird Mongolians think that the White on landscape, formation, historic and areas they are usually the highest the rituals: For instance, the four old man lives in a high and much traditional value and ecological/ peaks of the mountain range. One foldingmountainsaroundKhuree,the worshipped tree, which is big and very spiritual significance, and the particular mountain can be deified by capital city, were worshipped by special. It is situated on an isolated familiarity of the local population with many soums (the smallest different classes; the Mount Chingeltei hillock in the middle of the steppes. legends and tales. The veneration of administrative unit in Mongolia) and by scholarly lamas (monks), Thus they worship high mountains, a mountains is a ceremony/ritual, where one soum can worship as many Bayanzurkh by merchants, Songino- sole tree, or rocky hills by creating an religious scriptures or sutras are used mountains as they wish and can afford, khairhan by the military and Bogd ovoo there. for special chanting, and offerings are notes Sh. Shagdar, a prominent Khan by the govemors. made to Heaven of food, mare's milk, geographer, by citing an example of Goblins are one of the most feared and and vodka. But the scope and sequence the Mount Ikh Bogd in Bayanhongor Before we describe the stories behind respected of the ferocious deities of of the ritual differs from place to place aimag, whose mountain ranges are some of the names for some mountains the land and waters. The goblin is able due to the specific traditions of local worshipped by the locals living in and the reasons for changing traditions to collect clouds and bring rain, and is areas. For instance, since Orkhon adjacent areas. of naming pr.cess for these found everywhere. Academician River was awarded an honorary title mountains, we need to briefly look at Ts.Damdinsuren once wrote: "The of Tushee Gun, the Ulaantsutgalan The main purpose of deifying some classic types of titles. goblin was often illustrated as a man waterfall has been offered a silver mountains is to please the possessor on a horseback or on a snake. ingot of 20 lan of silver (a Ian equals and deity of the land and ask for The Khan or Khaan is a very popular Venerating mountains is a ceremony to 37.3 gm) annually, whilst local blessings and benedictions for the title given to mountains. We can list worshipping the goblin, a deity of a families in turn offered an ingot of 50 well-being of the province, families, plenty of them including for example mountain". (Gezer 1968) According Ian using a sling to hurl the ingot into and livestock. Through such Khan Uul, Khan Khentii, Undurkhan to a Buddhist legend a goblin is a deity the waters of the Terhiin White Lake veneration, the balancc between and many others. of the land and water, a manlike during appropriate ceremonies. The humanity and nature has been creature with man's head and a snake's purpose of the ritual is in order to cast maintained for centuries. The Bogd is used for many mountains body. Navdag goblin is a local deity. the offering deep into the lake's heart It is this wisdom which we are such as Khanbogd, Ikh Bogd, Ajbogd MOHFIOAbMH TAXHArAT YYA YCHbl CyAAP OPLuBOri 27 and Tsast Bogd. Such titles originated mountains are not said, but they are referred to as Khan (king) and water identified several reasons of archaism from India and Tibet. referred by the title of Khairkhan. as Khatan (queen), the Bogd and and conversion of old mountain names In Mongolia, traditions of awarding Khairkhan titles became more into alternative names. They are titles such as of Chakpavardi, Some sacred mountaini names are traditional following the acceptancc of closely connected with historic events Ochirvaani,Khubilgan(reincamation), followed by the word Saridag, a Buddhism in Mongolia. A number of at the site and movements of local Manzshurin Khubilgan, Narbachin, custom frequently found in Khovsgol mountains still keep traditional titles residents. For instance, during the Yeg uzur khutagt to its kings, lords and and Khentii mountain ranges. Saridag, such as lord (noyon), queen (khatan), feudal period in Mongolia, it became nobles were common. When the Bogd meaning a snow capped peak or a father (etseg), mother (ekh and ej) very popular to name the mountains Khan ascended to the throne in 1911, summit (3,472m) in modern and son (khuu). There are many, and places after famous lords and he was given a title of the King Mongolian language, is a compound including Noyon Uul (Mt. Lord), Eej nobles. The Shuragtai or Shurugai (Mahasamadi), publicly proclaimed. noun consisting of 2 Turkish words of Khairkhan (Mother Sky Mountain), khan mountain located near to ancient The reverence shown for his person Saryg (yellow and white) and tag Eej Mod (Mother tree), Khuu Uul (Son Deluun Boldog and Baljin aral was was an echo of the reverence shown (mountain). The last consonant (g) of Mountain), Baga Akh (Young renamed mount Bayankhan, as the to the 'person' of the mountains. the first word is omitted and the first Brother), Dund Akh (Middle Brother), birthplace of the Ugtam monastery. consonant (t) of the last word is Buural Akh (Eldest Brother), Noyon It is also the case that from time Royal and noble titles were also given replaced by 'd' following the soft Khangai (Lord Khangai) and Khatan immemorial the names of mountains to mountains and places. The titles of consonant. Khangai (Queen Khangai). The and lands were taboo-words amongst Ochirvaani (Mt. Otgontenger), traditionally venerated rock Khand the Mongolians and resulted in Bogdkhan (Mt. Khan Uul), Every deified mountain has an ovoo Khad (Sergelen soum, Tuv aimag), a deliberate avoidance of using the Gundsambuu (Hentiikhan), Zaisan (a pile of stones constructed by Tibetan word meaning the Goddess original names. hillock, Orkhon Tushee gun, Tsetsee humans). The ovoo itself has a special rock, is recognized by that name on gunofBogdkhan,andTusheegunare name, usually that of the mountain the official maps of Mongolia but Due to such reasons, renaming of clear examples of this tradition. itself, such as Ulyn Ovoo, Sangyn locals call it Eej Khad or Avgai Khad mountains and sites have occurred Dalain Ovoo, Binder Ovoo, Altan (old lady rock). They never use its regularly throughout Mongolian There are, possibly, only a few Ovoo etc. Although the "ovoo" is original name which has become an history. As a result of an emergence countries which give titles to the land strictly the pile/heap of stones built on archaism. of numerous sutras for venerating and mountains . The Khairkhan, an the top of the mountain, hill, and at mountains and water, many of the euphemistic reference for the sky, is the beginning of the rivers and springs, The Mongolian nomadic culture itself original names have been revived. used also for mountains and hills- it is often seen as being in effect has been a basic reason for frequent Changes in mountain and land names Burenkhairkhan, Buskhairkhan, identical with the mountain. changes of mountain and site names, have been made at the request of a Zorgolkhairkhan, Suvargakhairkhan unlike more settled civilizations. sutra sponsor or author. Consequently, and many others. It is quite often the Whilst in the period when shamanism some places and mountains have both case that proper names of the was dominant, mountains were H. Perenley, a prominent scholar, versions of names: original and 28 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA traditionally-accepted ones. Indeed, pitchfork used to be named Ats Ri, translated as Human mountain. Yet (Open hillock), which turned into lords and nobles of the particular (pitchfork). Evolution of language it is very uncertain where it is and by 'tasgan-dasgan' in Mongolian regions had a right to name main converted Ats into Otsol which was what name it is known nowadays. language. But we feel this is a little ovoos and mountains in their areas. later transferred into the Tibetan od too far fetched. It cannot be denied that The second largest snow-capped gsal (saint shining). Mt. Sansar, seen Starting with the spread of Yellow traceablehlistoriceventswroughttheir mountain after Otgontenger is by the author of the sut-a dedicated to Buddhism (Gelugpa or Vajrayana effect on the names of those places. Ochirkhairkhan, the dead volcano, the mountain as resembling a Buddhism) in Mongolia from thel6th As was mentioned above, Mongolians which is well known by its renewed crouching lion was renamcd as to seng century, lands and mountains were bestowed titles on the mountains and name of Khalzan Burgedei. Saint Zaya ser (yellow lion) in the sulira. honored and named according to other sites thus showing respect and renamed Khorkhoit Tolgoi, which religious customs associated with that honour to them. We particularly need means the Insect Hillock, as Mt. Scholars have found that the names of tradition. When the wide range a careful investigation of the formation Erdene (Erdenemandal soum, Mongolian sites and mountains are Danshig naadam festival covering 7 of the name Bureg: We have Arkhangai aimag) in order to make the mostly dominated by Mongolian provinces with an offering to the God developed a hypothesis for the origin name a bit more attractive. words plus some Tureg (Turkish) began to be observed, initially in 8th of this name. In the territory of words. Although Mongolian words Bogd's time on a small hillock ofKhui Buregkhangai soum there are several Naming places in the Tibetan language dominate in the names of Mongolian Doloo Khutag in the territory of sacred mountains such as Ikh Dulaan, or translating Mongolian names into mountains and lands, resource Batsumber soum, Tuv aimag, the Bayankhangai, Bichigtiin Gurvan Tibetan was the other specific way of materials we found confirm that there hillock was renamed as the Mandal Gozgor, Zagtsag Uul, and Shuvuut creating sacred mountain names. For are many names that also originate Ovoo (offering ovoo). A similar Uul, among which Bureg (khangai) is instance, Mt. Ikh Ugtaal in Dundgobi from Tibetan and Samgardi. A number example can be seen in that Tasgany the oldest and most sacred one. The aimag was named On Bo Chin Po Ri of names of the venerated mountains Ovoo in Ulaanbaatar, used to be called top of the mountain is gloomy, usually (Great blue mountain), Suvarga such as Zotol, Matad, Dashbalbar, Zaan Khoshuu (Elephant Trunk) shrouded in clouds and fog. But the KhairkhaninArkhangaiasCheRiGar Dovon, Gelen, Samballhundev, identifying it with the trunk of an Buregkhangai Sutra discloses new Ri (Great white mountain), Khentii Tsambagarav, Dashderchin, elephant. In order to please and pacify evidence calling this place Brug Hang khan as Gundsambuu (Good Hotol), Sevchidgatsal, Ajbogd, Bumbat, the elephant, considered one of the Kas. Brug is a Tibetan word meaning Yesun Zuil in Uvurkhangai as Rolgan Agarkhairkhan Uul, Rinchinjignee, 'angry animals', a monastery a dragon. Mongolian sutras clearly Khairkhan (Full of Joy), Zotolkhan in Gandan and Ganga Nuur are borrowed dedicated to the deity Geser built at show that mountains and such sites are Sukhbaatar as Sevjidbalbar (Glorious words. the end of its trunk. Ever since lamas identified with the four traditional Togbadrah) and Toono in Khentti as have hosted a religious ritual there strong animals, amongst which is the Dashbalbar and Togos in Erdene According to some sutras the actual called Tasga, from which has arisen dragon. Also some places are named soum, Tuv aimag was translated as location of some mountains is not the new name of the hill - Tasgany after the animals associated with them Maja (Rma Bua). clear. The mountain sutra found in Ovoo. But some researchers see such as snow leopard, wolf, sable, Mt. Otsol whose shape resembles a Bayankhongor talks about Mi Gtong 'tasga' or 'tasgan' as Turkish 'Taskil' deer, doe, fawn, fox and moose. The MOHUOAbIH TAXMAFAT YYA YCHbI CYAAP OPLHBOW 29 ecological significance of such dragon and the mountain. Once upon lake. E. M. Murzayev made a note on managed to do in a number of places. associations, often linked to taboos on time, a terrifying dragon came down lake-names: noting in particular how hunting or trapping them on such sites, from the sky and brought unbearable difficult it was to discover their real A sacred mounltain in the territory of is obvious to all. It offers one of the troubles upon the local people. One origin or meaning. Even local people Bugat soum, Bayan-Ulgii aimag is oldest systems of environmental unusually strong hero rose to the do not know the true meaning, while called Ezerheg (despotic). Starting protection. Indeed, it can be claimed occasion and after a desperate struggle Potanin says: "Durvuds call it the from the beginning of the XX century, that from the 1211 century onwards, was able to draw blood from the Great Lake, Khalkh people, the seven provinces of Altai's Uriankhai Mongolia had sacred conservation wounded dragon and threw the dying Subsan Nuur, Khoton Zorgol and (ethnic minority residing in the area) zones. It is this upon which this project beast a vast distance. That is why, says Tagna Uriankhai people named it the worshipped the mountain, formerly has built, bringing back to life old the legend, a "thrown dragon" formed Upsa Holi or Usva-Holi". known as Narmandah (Rising Sun). traditions which might just help us to rocky Mt. Bureg. Since that time the During one of the ceremonies one save the wonderful wildlife, trees and place where the dragon was believed These examples clearly show us that horse complete with saddle habitat of these sacred places. to have bled has been called Tsust an identification of any word's initial disappeared and later was found dead (bloody), and where the dragon's form by analyzing its structure could on the top of the mountain. Its The name of Mt. Sevrei (Umnugobi bones were lost was called Yast lead us to meanings and origins of the distressed owner called the mountain aimag) is the Tibetan Gzig Ri meaning (bony), both located very close to Mt. land and mountain names. Generally, 'despotic' and it is said that since that 'a mountain with a snow leopard'. The Bureg. a study of word formation deals with time the name of Narmandakh was looming, rather dark sacred mountain, the history and origin of a word as well replaced with Eserkheg. Many such Sar khairkhan (the moon), an eye For certain periods of history, as a morpheme, the smallest examples can be found. catching mountain visible from a long provinces were referred to by the meaningful unit, consequently, names distance away, is located on the bank names of famous local mountains, and of lands and mountains are to be Though names of sacred mountains of Zavkhan River and is identified historic sources claim that there was a studied according to this principle. It have been changed for a number of with a hawk waiting to catch a mouse. province Sazinbureg named after should be noted that some names of reasons, we cannot no-wadays justify Mt. Bureg, according to this tradition. lands and mountains could be clarified people just renaming the mountains as The above mentioned Mt. Sansar was In conclusion, Mt. Buregkhangai from legends of the land, since they they wish. That way lies confusion and renamed Senser for similar reasons. might mean a mountain with a dragon. have real roots. Buried deep within loss of the insights of the traditional The Bureg Uul may have been Among other things, Ergi and Bureg these names are clues to the ecology names. When we carefully study the assumed to be a dragon due to its (Bureg and Ereg) in "The Secret ofthearcaintimespastandtheseclues names of areas of Khatanbulag soum perpetual fog and clouds or possibly History of Mongols" possibly mean might enable us to plan for the of Dornogobi aimag, Mt. Khyanga is because the shape of the mountain 'dark and gloomy'. appropriate development of these turned to Khangi, Nomtiin Khyar to resembles a reclining dragon. areas today. Such wisdom, experience Nomtiin Tolgot, Shokhoitiin Bulag to Scholars have different points of view and spiritual sensitivity needs to be Tsokhiotiin Bulag, and Bavartiin Ovoo Local residents tell a legend about a on the name of Uvs, an ancient sacred properly explored as the project has to Tsagaan Tolgoi. Sometimes their 30 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA names were changed without examined and analyzed the mountain middle of a beautiful palace Buir in Khalkhgol soum, Dornod considering nomadic civilization and and depicted the deity accordingly. Deities of some mountains are aimag, who is pale, wears a white silk customs, or the religious, ecological, This ferocious image spread widely goddesses or women. The deity of deel, and offers a plate of different traditionalandscientificimportanceof among the population and is still Bayanhongorisdescribedasawoman kinds of food. She is worshipped the names. In such cases important believed in to this day. When people on a white elephant wearing green silk because she sits on the rock near the cultural norms and customs are drink alcohol they offer a sample of clothes who is holding a vessel full of ovoo and blesses new born children. broken. vodka to Mt. Songinokhairkhan, mineral water in her right hand and a N. Jukovskyalso noted: "The deity of seeking to please its deity who likes plate with five types of food in her left Lake Buir who is wearing white DEITIES OF MOUNTAINS vodka. hand. This is the deity of clothes and sitting on the rock situated Deities have been named savdag, Khongorkhairkhan Bayankhongor. in the north of the lake helps navdag and yulha, Tibetan words It has been observed from many sutras Recently, the deity was portrayed fishermen". which were introduced into the that the name of the mountain honors again and placed back honorably on Mongolian vocabulary. Deities of its deity. In the sutra written by Zava the Erdenmandal Khairkhan to the The deity of Gurvan Tsenkher agui lands and mountains are described in Damdin it says: west of the town of Bayankhongor. (Three Blue Cave) in Mankhan soum, the following ways based on ritual A well known deity is everywhere People from the Myangad ethnic Khovd aimag is a snow white lady sutras, oral and written literature, in Khalkh, a northern snowy group have traditionally venerated with two pigtails and blue deel. The stories and legends: country Undur Khukhuu Mountain, an ovoo legends tell that Zereg river is Who was born in Lin country in the with 13 sutras, located between possessed by a lady who wears a green Deities were appointed, inspired by east Myangad soum, Khovd aimag and deel and rides a white camel with the landscape of the local area and its Dartsagt heaven of lands and Umnugobi soum in Uvs aimag. The straight humps. natural formation. A request to write mountains of Ba country deity of the mountain is said to be a a ritual sutra ofMt. Songinokhairkhan, Welcome to the land where the sun wise lady of snow white beauty, with The deity of Mt. Dunkhan in Bayanuul located in Ulaanbaatar, was made by and moon are identical a green silk deel (dress) and 2 pigtails, soum, Dornod aimag is described as a a scholarly lama of Ikh Khuree for The deity of Mt. Dartsagt is who carries in front of her a big pot. prettytwentyyearoldwomanwithan Luvsanperenley, a lama invited from Dartsagt who is said to ride a great There is a truly big pot at the top of orange deel who rides a reddish horse Tibet. The invited lama examined the horse. the mountain. Should someone find while hoisting a red flag. mountain and perceived it to look like Khalzan Burgedei mountain has a this pot and it is full, then they will be the image of a great military leader. deity named Khalzan Burgedei. The very happy and have a fortunate life. Legends told among the Khalkh This is why its deity is a blue old man sutra of the mountain says: If not, they will iiot be lucky! people in Altai region speak of the with crossed molars who rides a blue Let you have a sacred idol of deity who owns the snow covered bull and likes alcohol. Then the lama Khalzan Burgedei There is another female deity peak Sutai or Tsast (snowy) created the ritual sutra. As this story With southern minds possessing Khuukhdiin Ovoo Khairkhan. She is a pale lady whose tells the author of the sutra carefully With colorful silks and in the (Children's ovoo) in the north of Lake look can pacify the fierce and who MOHrOAbIH TAXAAIFAT WYA VCHbl CvAAP OPuIBOfi 31 cares for poor people. She rides a woman deity who wears a blue deel to knowledgeable scholars. The deity protect the country from outside ferocious white bull who pins up upper and rides a blue horse. The deity of of Mt. Chingeltei. Who is depicted as enemies. The sutras tell that the deity heaven with its horns and tramples the Bayanjargalan Ovoo near Ulaanbaatar an old scholar teaching his student at of Mt. Bayandulaan, in the ten-itory soil of the ground with its two front is also a woman. his residence, can be mentioned as an of Dariganga, Sukhbaatar aimag was legs. The goddess holds a treasure example. The ritual sutra describes the a ferocious military commander with plate with her left hand and a yellow The local legends say deity: "Sitting in a three storey palace many followers who was able to defeat silk with her right hand. Mt.Ulaankhairkhan worshipped by surrounded by a forest garden the spirit enemies. His face is dark blue and he the Zakhichin people was possessed of the Chingeltei has a beautiful rides a dark blue horse. Female deities of some places have by a girl with dishevelled hair who was glorious body as shining as the sun, been described very differently. transformed into a roebuck. A hunter three eyes, the picture of the Buddha Many mountains in Mongolia are said Doctor J. Tsoloo noted that the deity who killed her without recognizing the next to his heart and he holds religious to have ferocious deities who emerged of Tugrum area was a pretty woman deity fell seriously ill afterwards. Such books with his right hand and a white after Buddhism was introduced in while some other researchers wrote the taboo stories can be very important in flower with his left hand. He put his Mongolia. The deity of Mt. she was an ugly old lady with a enabling areas to become sanctuaries student on his knees and wears boots Otgontenger is Ochirvaani, manlike dark face. for endangered species and offer a decorated with flowers and leaves". Dungingarav is the deity of Mt. Bogd distinctly Mongolian traditional way Khan, Gombo possesses Sant Veneration of the female deities of protecting our rare species. The usual deities of the rivers, lakes Khairkhan in Teshig soum, Bulgan. developed strongly among the and waters are the goblins. In the ritual There are many mountains possessed population and it was said that Depicting deities as female was sutras of Bayantukhum lake in Tuv by Dalkh, Lhachinbandad, Gobyn improper actions orresponses towards originally connected with the aimag is states that "Varuna, the deity Lkha. them would bring disasters and shamanic tradition of mother Etugen. of the water, and Great eight goblins troubles. Later this was connected with the invited a forum of Mongolian and The deity of Undur khaan is Under green and white taras of Buddhism. Tibetan goblins, particularly khaan but his knight was Mt. Bayan, Mt. Khan Khukh has a woman deity. But it has been observed that these Tsognoimolt situated in the his attendant was Bayan-Erkhet, and She meets with the male deity of Mt. Buddhist deities were personalized Bayantukhum ocean". It is said that Mt. Kheree Khukhul was his lama Tagna every month and every quarter. and brought closer to the life-style of the deity of Baydyn Dejeelen was a who had his bell and drum. During their meeting it is forbidden Mongolia. They were illustrated as snake with two heads. Undurkhaan's Buddha is said to be Mt. to say the mountains' name, say what riding Mongolian horses, camels and Aldar in Bayankhutag soum. Mt. is happening, or tell others what is bulls with a lamb's bag and wearing Deities of some ovoos are represented Kheree Khukhul was ritually going on. Mongolian deels. This was done in by a military commander or hero. worshipped since seven attendants of order to bring the idea of religion to Mostly these mountains are located at the Bogd were born one after another Khan Khargain Ovoo at the beginning the way of life of Mongolians. the boundaries of Mongolia, in an arca of the mountain. of the River Sagil in Uvs aimag has a Deities of some.mountains were seen significantly, for they are designed to Mongolians believed that only one 32 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA deity governs each mountain but there it as the mountain with 'horse's spirit'. stave in his hand who rode a big blue farmer lived in Selenge. When he was are many guardian spirits who play a cow. The Dayan's eulogy says: walking in the vast country he urinated part in human lives. That can be seen As society developed ancient Dear Khan Bogd Khairklhani on a beautiful white stone, shaped like for example in the ritual sutra of Khan ceremonies have changed from on the Dayan a women's breast. Immiiediately he felt Khentii, Gundsambuu, crcated by Shamanic style to Buddhist, With eight elbow height, and guilty. That niglht le et a young lady Zava Damdin. It says: preserving rituals, names and Eighty eight bright yellow in his dream. She came every night, memories of deities which are a horses waking him and prcvcnting sleep. A Horse's heaven, Sheep's heaven, mixture of both traditions. For DearChincokhairkhanonthe month later the old man was totally Cow's heaven, property's heaven instance, Mt. Bogd's deity rides thirty- Dayan exhausted. Then he met a female Ritual deity, Properties deity, Rain's three grey horses and has statues of With a courageous red hero shaman and told her the story. She told deity, Wind's deity Dunjingarav and the mantra "um ma A god of Tara Ochirjamaa, and him that he had offended the white Who are born from portraits created hum". The imagery and significance Spirit of Dalkhvandads goblin and advised him to find the by hand of thirty three horses comes originally Clearly a fusion of existing shamanic place and purify it by burning incense. Sacred heaven, forum of eight aimags from Shamanism but Dunjigarav and deities and imagery with Buddhism. The poor man desperately sought for - all come to this country the mantra "um ma hum" are the white rock but could not find it. In Buddhist. Apart from the ritual sutras images of the end he dropped dead from sheer It shows a number of spirits were deities were drawn and created in exhaustion. Many similar stories tell invited and asked to bestow their Legend says that once upon a time the wood and stone and placed in sacred of the evil of goblins that leads to benedictions when the mountains were deity of Mt. Songinokhairkhan was a places. The spirit on the Dayan was death. These are especially associated worshipped. dragon. The Mountain's shape and drawn as a hero on horseback, wearing with the purity of water and are formation was seen to be that of a a Mongolian national hat and intended to prevent any offences This tradition developed further and dragon. But the deity for its next stage equipped with a bow and a quiver full against water as well as rocks and particular mountains were venerated of development turned out to be a of arrows. Such pictures of the deities stones. as a mountain with for example a brown-faced old man with an unhappy of Mt. Bogd Khan, Altan Ovoo of 'horse's spirit', 'hunting spirit', or appearance and dark eyebrows. His Dariganga, Khongorkhairkhan in Insomeplacesspirits,ifseen,aresaid 'sheep's spirit'. Chichgeny ovoo unhappy face tells that he used to be a Bayankhongor have passed down to bring good luck to human rather which is favorable for sheep located shaman and had conflicts with from generation to generation. than causing troubles. According to in Tsagaandelger soum, Dundgobi Buddhism but, finally, he accepted it. legend the deity of lake Orog in aimag is called a mountain with a In one of the ritual sutras of Mt. If goblins are not pleased they may Bayankhongor is said to be a beautiful sheep's spirit, and in 1997 during a Songinokhaitkhan its deity was cause trouble. A number- of legends lady with a dark green horse, green ceremony of Khongorkhairkhan in recorded as a ferocious man with a warn the listener-s to refrain from deel and a face sparkling with green Delger soum, Gobi-Altai a horse fierce face, dark body, ornamental urinating on rocks and bushes. In one rays. She is not to be seenby everyone. shaped sign was erected proclaiming armaments and bright motley wooden cautionary story, an old Chinese If she is seen by a man, he will get MOHrOAbIH TAXI4AI'AT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPLLBOfl 33 married to the best woman and if seen deel, black beard and black eyebrows. soums of Uvurkhangai aimag. turn out to bc one of the greatest gifts by a woman she finds her perfect The deity blows away heavy snow in of Mongolia's past, to her present. husband. the mountain. This land almost never His wrestler Munkhjargal died on the suffers from blizzards. Indeed the mountain where he lived when he was 0. Sukhbaatar-, would like to express Local residents of Dadal soum, mountain has little snow and even if out looking for lost sheep in snow his sincere thanks to such people as Khelntii aimag, say there is a man who it snows, the mountain's shape is such storm. The lord was veiy angry and Prof. Doctor L. Khurelbaatar, head of wears a black cloak, rides a black that it does not retain the snow. had the Shar Teeg beaten with the sole Tibetan Department of Institute of horse, and carries a black crow on his of a shoe (one kind of punishment used Linguistics, Academy of Science, shoulder, who is sometimes seen in the Venerating mountains, honouring during Manchurian period) one Mongolia, Sh. Soninbayar, Director, area. He was seen by Jambal, a local their spirits and mediating upon hundred times saying sadly "What a School of Religion, D. Bumee, faculty herder, about 20 years ago. Jambal was religious sutras is generally the same ferocious mountain that cannot save a member of the National University, very frightened and tried to escape by regardless of the site, but some single young boy, shielding him in Tibetan scholar, G. Akim, prominent crossing a deep river but was thrown provinces have distinctive traditions front of itself, and covering him at the journalist and translator, who by his horse into the middle of the which differ and that should be back". Since the Shar Teeg was contributed in searching, collecting water. He was swimming when thoroughly studied. The deity of the pacified it was named as Shaakhain and translating mountain's ritual sutras suddenly a black hairy hand came out Mt. Khugnu Khan in Gurvanbulag Teeg (Show's hindrance). But and maps of the mountains. of water and caught his hair and then soum, Bulgan aimag is the ferocious pacifying the mountain spirits by force pressed his head under the water. Tudevvanchig who rides a black horse rather than placating them is quite rare. Families which were on the northern with a white right back leg. bank of the river saw the sinking man Sh.Soninbayar, the scholarly lama, Ultimately, we can see from the above and pulled him out of the water. Ever says that the ritual sutras of this that in Mongolia, venerating, fearing since then, Jambal, who used to be the mountain are to be read in a way which and obeying the deities of the champion swimmer in the area, has resembles the movements of a snow mountains, waters and land was a very been mute. leopard. The gait of the horse of the powerful form of environmental deity is imitated by the jumps of the protection. But it was not done only In addition, deities of some mountains snow leopard. to protect nature. It was done because are very supportive of their people and the people genuinely believed, and protect their land from droughts and An old story tells that Tugs-Ochir, still believe in many places, that these snow disasters. father of Sain Noyon Khan deities and forces are real. The Namnansuren (Good Lord), once religious ritual both protected nature In the territory of Delgerkhaan soum, pacified the spirit of current Mt. Shar and instilled overall respect into the Tuv aimag, lives a deity depicted as a Sheeg located between people. As such, these stories and the strong man with a black horse, black Khairkhandulaan and Nariinteel traditions behind the names may yet 34 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA s f ~~~~- -B e t - # - ow§#s- - - r r --- _. .Z> . - -_ _ _, X ~ _ - _~~~~~~~~- _~~~~~ r. ." ~ ~ ~ - ~~~ _ ;' b f m {~~~~~~~~~~~S, C O Srr Hb~ TaxuXc 4 OBOO ~ ~ ~ 6aHraa ~ AABICyapra Ooxaux 4-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ MOrAl ATIrTYA Cb YA PSBM 3 '0- at = -fleaS a a '7 t~~ - ,fi 0 - *' ^ . WIV~ ~ ~ ~ W' "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3HX3pHfiHroai, MaHLaUI T03OIUG, ApxaHtrarl arimar X3pa3H FOJI S - : v S~t ~~~~~r -i...!. !' - .C .. t"% .a - ro baT XOJIT nyyp, banna a Epal By HX Hnj, X,Htiii 36 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA -, f - .'--&* . ~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~ ~ _.~~~~~~~~ - -!* ..- . __ .- ...... _'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~]p AiTan OBOO A:ITaHHI HYPYVflbl yyJIC ~~~~~~~,~ . .A.. . f~~ Tc F3H V TI,:caiit r --.- -~-M ATaH OOO: ATTaHFaHWHpT BaTuaaaH ' aY _ MOHF7OAbJIH TAXI/IAFAT YYA YJCHLII CYAAP OPELIBOC 37 * .~~~~~~~~~~~~~lL__x,, 1.~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _4 38 'A'' 'IE M Ni- OI P"V #) )?r , t_ _a AITSi1H yyn¶c 4 - - co Opo rI o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Xa . c 38SARDSTScFMNOI OWWF Mongolia /Ola Jennersten ©WWF Mongolia /Ola Jennersten -c 4 a3 -. t' 2 Zr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P £7S I *<~~~~~~~7 r ", f2' Ci j a - 7' AJIlTak TaBail BiorJU TaxHiIraTall TaBtaH Oprna Ltam6airapaBt yyri 40 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA JAIJJVAPBHB CAH - 'l_ 4 Xt~~~~~~~~~~~~it,lsti Hbi l1111111J 1111rTaxi. xa*o H i or aia Ti H JI HO Y =r _ I R - ' ^t | - - .. ... ~~~~~~- . _ai,:BIH caH 6O :EJ344 xypX6ji r a _q x333 caI14 cyga I 4 f,' L i f t S*4, lamMqapBbiH caH 6yioy "eJin3uiiH xyp 6yyrn-aui" X3M3JX CaHFH H cy,uap 4. 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", T14E+M XATa,a MYYTYY ijaaCbIr Hyraii6apjia)K 6i4Rpqqp 61HMC3H eCeH xaiLap HOM, THRM ra3ap yc rq>iK xoji6OH IIIllYI3rJI3C3H 6aiiHa. MOHrOJIbIH axyr4 ftr4gaan ra3ap OpHbI H3p yc orT 6aixiryii 6eree, "AAIa g3JlX14H apBaH 6YAHbi 6,3jr3 14X3,a OApTYYJiaxbir X141133)K TOBA x3Ii3.3p 6ailraa cygZpbir "3HFMHH 6YP,jC3H eUJ314A X14MI4r TOFTCOH IJOr 3;,AX133p ,g3JI3p 3H,3 HX MOHrFOJI MOHrOJIIIyy, M3,a3X M3fg3XFyi MOHroJIqHJI6ooc yr TE)B;XI]rH OFYYJI3X xaJIXbIH HyTar aaXb TyxafiT YYJI, ra3ap YCHbI H3p opyyjicyrail X3M33B,33c 6alY,gJIbir ;Iaran,iayyj>K yqpaap MOHrOJIbIH X3JI3Hq AB iuaB HuiHJ3JIg3XryA, 3H3 3aBcap opyyji6aac 6ojimyr4 r,3)K LOXOH Tqm,gqrji3Xcq. 3H3 60JI yr caHaar YH3X33p cai!Tap 6YPH33 mg3,x3g3 63px ...... "YqpbIF 30pHy, xypaaHrYkH Cy,jpbIH H3r3H XYBIIJ6ap 60JIHo. T3M,43rJl3H 30XHOXcK33. Cy,apbIH TEFr0JInHAH YF3Hj: "M0Hr0JIbIH a3lX14H 33,a3, MOHrOJIbIH g3q 69jg3xK, xapHH MOHrOJIbIH OpOHAgOO E)JI3HA 6HAWTA Xa,aaT E)HI),ae,g1A3r3p3X33 60JIOB yy rgxl4r4H ra,aHa 3HHrEIHH M0HF0JPlyyj yqpbjr M3gq)XC CyCjn,a3jgX HOeH Yjixaa, AB3ara caHaa ojimyi x3m3gx caHaa C9,a3X 160r, HapbIH 30XI40COH Cy,apyy,gbIH 6airp Xap ycyy, Dp33H6yH caHaa aBq HH-H 3BCWJI9B " 3CH33C q- 6yp TOaOpXOr4 6ar4Ha. Yii3,3H 3ogaox, FaBlAaaq,aH 3H, TOJIHjiyyJIaH 6y! cy,apbir WtYA-14iH Tyyxl4rH XYP33Jl3Hr4iHH LtaraaH X14Jl3H, YyjiaH gaH 3p,AW UlIHH)1HJI33Hi4r aWHJIITaH ,93,q qOKTOp A.Iaiu6agpaxaa 6agraa BOP)Kl4Fra33 ,a9H, Terperyy 3X3,3C CHA4pyyJ3H 6yyjiracaH 60JIHO. 46 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA SACRED SITES IN CENTRAL MONGOLIA - r Information on the sutra: What makes this manuscript particularly unique is that it is dedicated to every one of the sacred places found in Central Mongolia. The text is written in a highly poetic style both praising the natural beauty of Mongolia, and highlighting the importance of protecting nature. The sutra was written by Master Lama t - Agvaandorj and the original manuscript . l; - 1 } ., is kept in the private collection of . L f; - Ts.Damdinsuren. - il jJ The sutra printed here is written in the - traditional Mongolian script and has been kindly provided by Dr. Dashbadrakh, from the Institute of - - History, Mongolian Academy of . Science. ,, 1 i _ MOHFOAbIH_3. 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I;)ycaa aMbTHbIF 6ypyyLLiaaH XOPJIOK XeHooenryHi T31IF3pHHH Hya3,3p xap)K l3y3apT HH4CBaaHHicaa T3BqH4E T311mpHHH HH4X33p COHCO)K 56 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA F)vuaH TepOX op4RoHrooc OFOOT aHymEiiEpcaH aMFaniaH A.nb caHacaH X3p3F YiJnC ueM 6y'r3XYhH 0Jn31,19 XyTaT- OPLTyralVl. >KapraniaHFaac H4TF3.FT3V4 caflH MepFyii X,3M33CH111rF HOMbIH erne,ir 60JnrOH 0,1ep, lIlHEH1IH ujaF 6yr~au aMI aAaHFaap U3:Hr,3xmrIH EnUM41I XyTaF OpFOCYF3fi. OPLUTyrafi. CaHcap H1lpBaaHbl carlH enI31f uior, 3anjb, XyMEIH yqpani, Hac 6yqH, X3M33H OrYYn13r,43xylI. caEIH an ajap H3p, MJ33, XyBuaa 3Anixi, maJlbIH XIIlLIIF EIpYYJITY3l.311.pTYP31I. Ep a33,jCHAH 30XHOCOH U3JXl4rlH 33,U04H Tai-I.nraHbl cyjap H3H OJIOH XypaEI, xypafi xypafi. axicIC IXTAE. 3pTH33C en13EIEl 60nTcoop lIpC3H. F-)Bll UOM Te)BUMRiH XXn X3333,q foyr-aap q mexecaE)xryfi E1X xEILurIi4gr epLllee. XypaVi xypari 6orooa ra3pblH 333,j 3apllMyyU Hb yJn yxXayrIF 60Jn30LLIYA. MOH 3HrEifiH xypail MOHFOnILYYll M3,a3X M393XFryl MOHrOnHun4JBOOC yr TOBZIHIH eryyn13X OFTOPFYEIH caHT 6aqH q3nxIXE4H 333,U MEIHy 333. 6aATIAnbIr aranijyynE) yqpaap MOHrojl X3113HjA B XEIEIT3JI H14EISJIU3iuxryEI AsAa rYPBaH 3p,q3HHAEH a,AE4CTaa 6a 61I,Zj HYTFEI4IH apqa axlIHaa 6yAH 6oreeA yr caHaar, yH3H caEITap 6ypH33p mv3,xyEle3 63pxJI3r ILlErlllr' 0JI314EI YH3H HOMblH qaHap caEIH 614InrYYaEI4H Xyq33p q3JIX14iH 333J(-,T0p caHaBaac MOHrOJIbIH a,J3XEIEH 33,j3, MOHFOJI HJ,33 63ngj3)K, MOHFOJIblH xapi-u yryfi iiaraaH 3Yrn4EIT)TF:)X cyp oKaBxjiaH Hb 6aapax 60JnTyr-aii. OpHbI YF33p 3OP14yjn>K yFIEIp 3OP14FOO ;IyyRaax e-yyJIB33C xapEIH MOHFOJIblH 33AIEIAH anTb TaanicaH 6yFr, MEIHEI49 3H3 Taxliniaac rapq TaannJblr TaHb OpOH,aOO enMEiE 614IHErTAE OOJnos yy FDXEI4H ra;lHa 3HF14rIH MOHrOjnqyyq Fr4U3Jl3nlyyn3X 60JnTyraEI. yQpblr M3A3XK CYCM3JI3X caHaa onjmyEI x3m33x caHaa c3,a,3w lS)Or HapbIH Xafipxa,j Hap 6a ,goop XOprO,ACOH 6149 Hap 3x XeBryyH aaR4In 30XEIOCOH CyapyyabIH 6aEIp caHaa aBtl HiiH 3BCyyn3B. amapmar, calIxHaap OplII14AK, TYYHEI4I Xyq33p OpOH gaxEIH RaaAap amap )Kaprax ally 60JnTyr-aEil MaH ra niaM D,ayr-33 a3JJXEI4H 33914EAF Taxi4xyEr4aa aniaan r3m 60onCOH 6yEI aBaac 0JI3E4I4 XyTar, oplIEmK awiap aMraniaH >KapranjaH 60JnTYrAE maHy MyHxaF T3H3FEIEIH 4BaJIbir yyqniaH XYnIU3Myy. MaHaEI OpFOCM4IEI aBH eqCH1HIEIr TyHraaH TYC TyCbIH Op,qOH,OO ,q3JnM3p3,a >KEIq 3aniaxyEI 6yp 3anipaH E4pC33p HacagZ xapranl3aH E)plIIOOMYY. OpHbI 333, MEIHy 333. OJIOH 3014,blH opoEii l3a3apcaq 6ypxaH OplIICOH 6i4ecEIE4H XyBb 6yxH33C 6EIJn3F 614F1414EH r3p3ni paLHIaaHbl ypcraJn T3HF3p, Jnyc, ra3pblH 33,aEIEIH T3pryYH33c 6yy)K T3,qHEI49 6EIe C3TF3JlE4EIH X14p nlyr33 614,qHE4r1 60XEIp sqBsanaap 6ypyy yfiJnUC)HEI4r 6ypyyLLiaacaH 6a eu-ieE) ec, OHTOXYYH C:)Tr,3n LIem amEipjiaag acpax H1FYYnIC3XYEi C3Tr3ni a5lHqaa ypraB X3M33H caHa)K 3yyH YCrE4IFl FYPBaHTaa e)ryynj. AAia aql4T iam, 5Ajam 6ypxa4blH 0JI31III XyTar, opITyra;i. ABpani FYPBaH 3pj3HEIIAH enEJI314 XyTar OplIITYFaEI. '3x 6aaTap uaFE4HaCblH EJ3EIEI XyTar, OplUTYFaEI. XYHEIT HOMblH caxi4ycaH HapblH OJI3EIE XyTaF OplHlTyi-aH. T3Hr-3pEIEH OpHOO 33,aAEIH 0Jn34IEI XyTar, OPLlTyrari. MOHrOAl.lH TAXIHArAT tIYA \'CHbl CYAAP Ol'LUBOfl 57 JIYCbIH CAHHI4H CY,AP - H3H XHT-133HFyR 6HqC3H 3H3xYY Again, this sutra is not dedicated to a cygap Lj.,4aMW4HCYp3HF4RH r3p particular sacred site, but to the - 1 Z 1 My3eHja MH-993 r3c3H gyraapTan different guardian deities of all sacred ">1 I p m' j'-s'{'s 1 xa,raJIarga 6aiiraa 60JIHO. 3H3 places in Mongolia. In particular it is R raJ r. n%53 NN cb< - ," ' I r a" m6 3r i s cyIjpbIr TEBj X3JIH33C op,4yyJIcaH recited for the wellbeing of the land, I z n 4zizili .nc 6onOnToJI. Bac eep H3r TYBa lakes, rivers and the sky. . Z¶4 rrI '3do; Z '4W r cy,apblF xaBcapraB. HaMo rypy. F3r33H caHcap HaHMaH aMmryyg a3JX11HH 333,a 6yUA33p XH4F33j AIJaHryAa XHfA cyM, r3p 6afiii4H, OPOH T3prYYTH33 Or4p OpH4HH- - HyTarF2aH cyycaH xamar ji3J1Xih4 xHFr33q XyyIM4H III1H3 6yycaH HyTar yc 60JIoH 12al TO0pOM Hyyp 6a yyji xag 6a IyIJIyyH OBOO, O MOj, OBC U3U31, TaJI XHH4F33 14X 3aM, Hapl,HH 3aM, xapryf4 T3pFyyT3H-AOp OpIUCOH T3HF3p, -o)r' ff nnA' , JIyC-MTy MOH Jg3IIXl41H 333,a, XyMyyH 6yc, yiHipcaH TOTFOP 33Tr3p HYFYa 4JL,% C:t3,% 6o0HHapbJH I3ryypTaH 6yru3j LjaraaH TOC Fyp14JL, 321Jq3B yp )KMMC 6a cai1H .amw rJZJ O l fl r nj n f 5 YH3PT XHB TopFOH, MQIiIOH A(HMC XHHF33j TYJIC3H yTaaHbl yyJIc OFTOPFrHH tO7' r 'i (aI X'j9 1 OpOH A3JIX14H qIyyp3H 6yc 13a/ 6ac C3TF3J133p XyBMIFjraCaH TaXHiJibIH ' 25Ja 1 rz1nflinl1d40J 6it4Qd1 1 'yyYIraHbIF TaajiaH yycr3XyHH TySJ 3aI6mpaJi epveMyll, Taxi4MyR. Ta K- 6yuA33p 3H3p3H yH3pJI3H aMcaH coepxooA 6a 6yp3H 6H xHHR33g xaMar . -, MMHHM H(XEp C3JIT-,qOp XOp XypF3Xyfi IOYH 60JIOB'q ... 6 yy yRJI,13)K 30XH40roO0 3H3 HyTarT maHaa xajiyyH XYRT3H 3yq 6a xaTyy OrFU4H Xyp - '-. MeHAep, ,ayy uaaxHJiaaH 6a raJI TyRM3p, yep ycaH, X miyypra uac, /4a/ nx4 XHim, yjiaaH xap Xym caJIXHH, eB'IHH 33Tr3p, yx3ji rapjiara, 'TOHO XyJIraH, ., 3JII4AOBTO.IOXyiiF 3aiijiyyJiaH yftH1h . 3,Dq M4A33H, caaJib I114M ,Op Xop 6oilox 4t r t an1HH-laop-qy yJi 6o0ooa 3H3 ejgpee /46/ xyp yc uLarTaaH 6yyraa, eBC . 94 '6 A,d'1 1 6")' I TapiaH 3JI63F rapaa, 3, H,g33H Mali q3j1r3p33,q 3p,L3HHHH yp apBIga.)K amrauiai 6aAcrajiaHri4iH UOFHMiF 3,J133, HOM JLyraa 30XH14J2OH caHaaHbIF caliTap 3J3ICH33p 15a/ AJiryycaH IIaIK14H 3yF uar yryiij3.ir3p3x 6oJITyraii. lijEaMa FYPBaH 3pa3HHRH XYMHH iaajia1 1yT3H 6ap4laarF4Mi4H yH3HMHf: XyqH33p caHH 6y51H 3YHbI j3J1XIMH M3T apBI,aaXbIH eOJ3HH XyTar opLIXH x- - , - - . - -_ 60oITyraii. YM cy6apa J4MCTaHa 6a3ap AaHi cyxaa. 58 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA MOHVOJI OPHhI CAH _ 3H3Xyy xypaaHryii caH ap4HycrajbIH cy,gap Hb TOBa X3JI33p 3.I63r 6ailgar 6ereeo 3ap1M Hb H3pryii 6aiix 6a 3apHM Hb "MOHrOxI OpHbI caH " H3pT3H 6aiiHa. 3apuM XyHHH y33X33p 6oei yyHHHr Byp3rxaHraHH caH F3X i 6Hii. Y'wp Hb byp3rXaHraH yy.jaap 3X3JICH33C T3FC3H x3p3r 6113. 3H3Xyy raHU xyy,ac cy,ap TyM3HA3M63p3Jrn1IH Cy,ipbIH xaBqyyjira 6oJixK IB,jar 60JIHO. AIMap 60JIOB 3H3 cyqapT MOHFOJI OpHbI AepBeH 3yr, HaHMaH 30BX14CbIH aJi,apT yyJI, YCHbI H3p rapi 6aiiraa TYJI H3r6ypiJi3H TalR6apfIax uiaapj,iararyii iOM. _ SUTRA ON MONGOLIAN LAND Araa, Ayraa XYq41T b)yp3FxaHrafH xHRF33gI .irc W4H ~~U1FaHcal - . . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Aij,apTFBYP31i, OpXOH, CM3-11`3 byc 6ac ,AOpBOH 3yr, HagmaH Information on the sutra: This sutra is an excerpt taken from the Acapjiax yypI, ypcax ycaH 6YXH33 30BX,aCbIH Tumendemberel Sutra, written in Tibetan. y IICH In Mongolia the sutra is known by various OPIIICOH Yc ro.ji, yyTi xa pxaHAOPLUCOH names, such as 'Buregkhangai Sutra', due Aqiwr TEBH4H 11BIar 6ycrgiiir YJIC OpHbl T3113p, mHBiar xaMrHHr to the vivid description of Buregkhangai OHOHa AJyTaa. xaBapHyH HXcrYaIY mountain at the very beginning of the ONHOo ajgITaiTaa YBC HX V4xapaiJ AiiaHryqa 6a 6ypHHii HeXE, C3JIT3C sutra, or 'Sutra on Mongolian Land'. T3paTrnyT33H, AmapBaa mep, yjiT xamar The sutra praises the sacred places of rypnaHaaF33BaHaaH ebulietdscrptin o 1X,3HX yyji ycaH 6yxH33 OPMHCOH Aji4HHa Hb 4 OPHICOH 31H3 3YFHhiHX33 Mongolia through ebullient description of hMgbeauthu Hq 3TF33aHRH xamar mHBaariHr AigapT OpHbI T3H13p, xamar apHycraA. fiBgarHraplycrasl __- ______j"L_s""s--- X3HTHiiH y.jaaH cyp3r Mali 60JIoH XaHrai xaHbI aHiMavr xap-bMaj1argcaH X3PJF3H, Tyyji, XeYlH T3PI yyT3H XaHb 60JICOH 14,a3p, T3px xoep *AoF114HyyJI, ycaH 6yxH33 OPUIICOH Xac eJ13HHT LjaraaH Hyyp, }tiW Ae~ t. -WOPHO 3YrfH 11u13ar 6yxH4iir HyJyyTbIH api4ycrai. XaMar H14Bgar, OpHbl T3HY3pHHF .^ 2^ >S^tRt\ ...... Aqsia, apHycra34. YMap 3yFH4IIH MOHFOJI OpHbI M4x - '^ '' ' '' CYJ[3H T3HF3p Yyji XaHrai XaHbI epBOH HX T3H1-3p _~ - . .. 3x_- XOBryyH, ra,Waaa4, ,oTooA,TymM3J MOHFOAbIH TAXH4AFAT YVA YCI-lbl CYAAP OPLLMsO 59 XAJIX OPHLIImHBJAFYYJAj CAH TAXI4JI Yf4JIT3XYfI SACRED SITES OF THE KHALKH PEOPLE ECOH Informiiation oni the sutra: Xan-x OpHbl 333H UIHBI,BjaIT TaxHji 6au-Hi ep1e7)K caH ap1yciani There are several handwritten and Taji6mrcaH cyaap ULeeHryg 6aiiraarI4f1- H3r Hb 3H3 60ofHo. XajixtyyabIH printed versions of this sutra- HyTarnaF K4HpC3H ra3ap epreH yyqam 6eree, 3H3 CaHFiH4H cyqapT Fa3ap manuscript all focusing on the Khalkh YCHbIX Hb H3pHH[ aypgcaHFyH TyJI xaaHaac xaa XypT3JIX ra3ap HYTF11141 territories. xamapH 6aiCHblr TOFTOOX 6ojOM)Kryfi 6aiHa. The Khalkh are an ethnic people F3xA33 Xanix H3pT3H ra3pyy, OJIOH 6a)rHwHiiH 3ap4maac,UypABa.n: originally living in Central Mongolia Xanxro.n, XanxblH TaBaH ej,Tep /,D,OpHo,/, Xanlx TOJrIOHH FOBb, Xanix and many sacred sites in Mongolia refer MOPI4H xyLuyy /Cyx6aaTap/, Xanix xy,gar, XaxiXbIH 6apyyH eMHea OBOO/ to the Khalkh people. eMHerOBb/, XaYlXbIH iuaraaH xa pxaH /XOB,/, XaJIXbIH IypBaH OpF4JI / ,JopHorosb/, XaJIxbIH JYHaaj eHHaepJleF, Xan1xbIH MaHXaH /,aOpHo,/, These sacred rivers, mountains and XanIxbIH euH,ep HYPYYA /,aopHo,A/... r3X M3T. D3AF33p Hb MOHFOJIbIH steppes include; the Khalkh river, 6apyyH xl3raapaac 3yyH Xq3raap, ympaac eMHe 3yrFIHH xs13raap XypT3JIX Khalkh Five Heights (Domod province), HyTaFT 6af4raa Hb T3H, xanxqyya OPIlIHH cyyx F4pCHHI4 6apHMT 6o0UK Khalkh Hill Gobi, Khalkh Morin 6airaa IOM. Khoshuu (Sukhbaatar province), Khalkh Well, the South-Western Ovoo of Khalkh (Omnogobi province), Khalkh White Show-Capped Peak (Khovd province), Khalkh Three Peaks (Dornogobi province), Khalkh Mid- Point, Khalkh Sand Dune (Dornod province), Khalkh Mountain Ranges (Domod province). The location of these sacred sites lend witness to the fact that the Khalkh people moved from Central Mongolia and eventually settled all over the country. 60 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA _.-1-,-'. flIJq,S , Asa, 4 r -;.->' a SIA3Fyyp FYPBaH MqHraH OpHbI H1HB4Jaryy yJI XOUPOH AiihaHryxa Xanx HyTrFf4H ra3ap, YCHbI T3Hr3p 6 yrq ArFmTaIi ypPbIH TaHrapar 6ouirbwI 'yxaraap Taanaaa ¢x.;;\ t t \ ^ :l-C SIjn12AryycaH^ ~t- 3H3 3yrHHH ra3ap OpHOO amraHiaHaap 3aJIpaFTYH ___ LtyslJ4yIByH paimaaHaap agwcTHz,anacaH 6aLIHHFHiH '-yyJIraH Ljyxi caHH YH3pT 3J4I3B CaHrFHH yTaaH yyJi, H3H uiaHryAa I4yyT aKHHal, MaxH, capiar, xycIIHHFr 14B3J1F3r1-i yH334HHH rjyTrax CyyHHH ypcraniaap mIIB4arF4HH HEXHIiFr Tax'ba fl c, y@so SsyC ~ -^ ^ Acap yy>xKM ra3pbIF 6apHrM OpOH 6yXH14l 3pa3H3C AsrHnaa IJOFIJIOH ayypC3H raaaag, aOTOO 3p,3H3C __ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~AMTTaiIXaH144a33 XYHC14HiF OPOH ACH4F43J1CH33P ^<99$^e@>>^wxc*Z9;q$jvi4 p: -a+ \ 1 MOHFOAbIH TAXkHAAT YYA YCHI,I CYAAP OPULBO! 61 OOPAQ OPHbl T3Hr3PmOH yFi4iiH xyBIUl6ap F3A( 1OKTOP ){.onoJIoO y3C3H. FH14H1411 60nnoop 6o0i Caiip CAHnwH TYXAM I 3C3H yr]4HH XyB1pCaH X3J63p 6o.uonTon. Opoc IIaacHaa xap 63x33p 614iC3H TaBaH xyyaac 3H3Xyy TeBg CygPbIF X3H Bsop TanI: XITag YJICbIH LLLHHKi4aHbi TapBaFaTaH aHMrHHH HyTar. X3333 3OX110COH Hb ToaopXoA4ryH. Sop TaJibIH MOHrOji aHMarF i 3H3. 3a5i 6aHgu4AbIH HaMTapT rapliar Fa3ap. AIMap 6onioBw- 3H3 cyTgapT rapq 6aHiraa ra3ap YCHbl H-3pC Hb 3H3 Tyxaf )iOKTOp)K.Uo,onoo" 1648 OHbi OBeni 3yH X3M33X ra3ap ABnaiiH OripazmbIH TyyX3HA OJIOHTOO garlpaJ1z4ar TyyX3H H3pC 6ailiHa. T3i4r33p L33p 3a54 6aHgiva Tog YC3E 3OX101FOO3 1649 oHg hop TanJbIH CyMHi4H H3pHiHr TesT031eep T3M,A3PJ3CHH4rT y33Xyn3 ByjiraH, LjaraaH FOJI 33p3I H3pHHAH oiIponiJoo Xap 6yTaHa Hp>K eBO13KW33. C3Hr3 XYH TaIDKHAH Xyy Fan.iaH ra, Fo 33pr4uHr gha, gho r3>K raiiHnacaH Hb MOHFOJIqyyUbLH TOBgI yrHHiOF oWIrOTbIH a- xyy lj3B33HpaBgaH hop Tanaap CYYPI4H 6onro)K 6yx 3yyH rarniria)K I4pCH33C OHgOO 6aliraa Hb COHHpXOJ1 TaTa)K 6aHHa. rapbIr H3FrTf3K Yr4rap XapaLLmapblH Xo0iT 6a 6yx XOTHbl ra3pbLF 3PX3Hg33 AOKTOP )K.Uonioo 'Fa3ap .j3jiXHmA YCHbl 6yrFj1HlH caH' H3pT3H opyyjiaazi 3yyH FapblH >KHHX3H3 xaaH 6onK33" F3)K T3Mg3FJ13>K33. H3r3H CYAPblF TOA YCF33C KHpHnJIJ33P 6yyjiraH ,ZlaJI "COHHg X3BJIYYJIC3H XYHX3c: T3Hr3p YYJIbIH yHg 6mei OpuiHX J4JHHH rOJIbIH H3F3H 6a yr cygapT rapi 6yH ra3pbIH H3pHAH HX3HX Hb 6i5HiHi rapT 6yHi TOBg IyTraanaH. Tog yCrHHH HOMg XyHx3c, KyHrKyC, XyHr3F, KyHrr3i F3>K qH3 cygapT TaapaniaaK 6aiiHaa 6o0nHo. 6yp33p 6HqC3H 6aHT4ar. TeBTeep XyHFyC r3)K T3MA3rUJ3C3H. 3apHM AJITaii - OHpa 62 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA 6yioy "O4" F3C3H yTrraTai. rivers, and areas around the Altai Tycxyn Hyyp: EpBeHi OI4pagbIH yeq TeMepT yyJI r3K 6ailcaH. O0oo mountain range. Ka3aK, KHpF43 X3HI33P 1ICCbIK KyJI Hyyp 3H3. T3Hr3p YYJIbIH 6apyyH 6HeuiIH yyjiapxar ra3apT 6H4i. Ypb4 3yyH rapbIH HyTarT 6aiicaH. 0400 KIpRlI3Hi!H Some of the sacred places mentioned in HyTar 60nIHo. TycxyHi r3g3F H3p Hb 3pTHHH Typ3r X3JIHHHi tuz (aaBc) + this text such as Khovog Sair, Emel, Zair kul(Hyyp) r3C3H ,AaBcT Hyyp F3c3H yTraTaii 60InHo.. and the Bor-tal areas and the Erchis and HIap 6ni- Bop Taj2bIH 6apyyH 6ue g43X XaH Xaptrnrai yyJIbIH Irtysh-rivers are now situated in China 6apyyH y3yypT 6aiigar. Ypb4 3yyHrapbIH HyTar 6aiicaH. O0oo and Russia, indicating the wide area in Ka3aKcTaHbI AJIlHMTaf4H xapbla ra3ap 60JIHO. 3H3 HyTarT 3yyH rapbIH which the Oirads traditionally lived. TYYX3HA OHIU xoji6orFonJToH X39 X393H TYYX3H yiJT IBgaIi 6o0ixK eHrep'133. 3H3 TyxaH JOKTOp )K.LIOJIOO: 3H3 HyTarT 1676 OHbI eOenI )KyHTyCbIH KyHryc rojig ypyyaa>K 4pC3H 1j3U3H xaaH, FajiqaH6oiiiroToA 6ap4r'AcaH, 1756 OH, AMapcaHaa mlap 63JI2 t4HH YJICbIH U3p3rT3fI xaMFHHH 3UCHHH y,jaa 6aiingcaH Tyxal M34A331C3H 6yH. -V Xap Taal: Sop TaJbIH XaH xapuraii YYJIbIH 6apyyH 6ie3c 3X aB'M bajixaml Hyyp: UyTragar roji. Xex ycaH, 61I4 iH rOJbIH caB ra3pbir Xap Tali r343r. 3yyH rapbIH HyTarT 6arlK33. 1660 OH4 3aM BaH4gi4a Xap Twig xoep aaXb ygaaraa HP)K e0eBDKCceH a)K33. Xox ycaH- 4HHM H3pT3fi ra3ap 3J1 HyTarT rypaB 6aiiwK33. 3H, raplI 6yri Xex ycaH Hb )KyJITycbIH 6apyyH x3cr33c 3X aWi T3K3C roji4 uyTragar roji 60JIOnTO4. bac AJITa4,1 HHM H3pT3i ra3ap 6HI4. --- -- SACRED SITES OF THE OIRAD Information on the sutra: a a The sutra was written by an unknown Ii author and describes sacred sites within }B4N@--c the territories once occupied by the . I Oirads ethnic minority group.I The manuscript mentions numerous rivers such as the Bulgan and Tsagaan MOHFOAbIH TAXHArAT YYA YCHbI CYAAP OPLUBOI4 63 VIlODNOW 10 S3IIS CThDVS b9 I~ 2 k _~~~$ * .~ c.uull*s.ktxnzEis,is moa^.> .- M.6gi.ilLAZ-4EEk .! A*-i.*e.4sEt i l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~h F lte--ins.si.;.ru;XI lsSJ & 1 2S.a.v.t1At b.i..se. .* %its rwM b. -. V2 hi.*'Nmt.)h'- *-X-,**- - l ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~, - ~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CaH C3p;KHM, 3JIa,3B 3yJI HJA33 yHaaa C3JIT33P -- - -oc Caf M4X OpHbI T3HF3pC33 6aqcraxbIH TyJIj epree. TaaJIaH 3H3p4, eMer TyIIHr XHgr33,a ,~.J _ _ > * *-TacapmuryiicagaH ampar 6oeJIc xaiipJIa. R \7 TssrFZiZ^ l X ww 95s,5y ~~~~~~~~~~~33,3, " .wt* vqi!ck%4TWw YJIaaH uaraaH 3aHaaH, arap 60JIoH sffE) r m zn}-I Yjia.i)z, raBap, rypr3M T3prYyT3H YjlMaap 3alb, 6oiirop, aaJIb Ypramaii 6amLyr, cyniy, arb YTJIara CaHrEIEIH M5IHra MSHraH 3, 3C YHwaa 4,T33 3JIa,3B 6o.nooq camap OflPAA OPHbI T3Hr3PHHH YpraMaii MOjHbI OJIOH 3yHJI yp WuMCHr CAH OPImBOR XaijicaH aJIT M3T raJi 6aApaaH acaaw . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~XaH OFTopFyHF yTaaH yyJ133p Hb 6ypxyy.nx'z HaMo rypy 6xaA: 3H3 Oilpaq OpHbl T3Hf3pH4r apiHycraH y4JTLa3XHrF XYCB33C XaH OF Hr TaaHmHB b6xF F , ,~ or4pag OpHbl T3HF3p, IIIIHB,ar caHrFHrH 3al C3JITHHF caHTap 63JITF33,q TaHrapar 6aT aJIl4B T3Hr3pHlr aOTpOO OrooT xamar 6yxHiiF ap4ycramyy. 6IcaJiranI oMor Terc 6o0rooa: - f - ,! - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AJTaR,Dpq14C, XOBor caHpbIH ra3pbIH -YM aa XyM X3M33H rypBaHTaa YHI-14H aql4CTH,aiaaj 6ypxHbl C3Tr3JIMH .H3 ~oiop -~HbIT3HF3p, .TIyC, T3HFp AJInBaa YYJI Hypyy, ,IaaJia ueepeM, ypcraJi MOeOH yraac cauiapcaH r3pji33p 3H3 OpHbI 6OTopaarTaH 6ty T3Hr3p, JIYC, T3Hr3p ''_ ,,M X O .I. 6yc,6y, 601HpT3rY36O,Oirap T3pFYyT3H XaMrFHHarirY1HgyMi.Apl4 ypMH ayyJMyH. H Har4JI3yyp,oi. 0HIIIyryii, 3am xapryiia OpIIICOH rFama ia e3 cam Aq6u4mII T3Hr3p, JIyC, T3Hr3p 6yc, 60oT4HapbIr apHycraA. 33 DM31i, 3aiip, bop TanjbIH ra3ap ,jaxb 3H3 yyJI Hypyy, gajiaH 1{eepeM, ypcralI mepeH TaxrJIbIH 3, 3C 6oxiox U3u3n, XyAKHc xi4Hr33r3 TaHcar yH3pT3H, 3yJI, 14g33 yH,aa C3JIT3C DuH33 014 yH, HaHJI3yyp, 3am xapryH1 OPIHCOH TaanaJIT 6y>K4, xer)K4m, XYCJIHHH TaBaH 3PAM33P 3pXI4H T3Hr3p, JyC, T3HF3p 6yc, 60jHHapbir apHycraA. Taxiui TaB14F epFeMyR, TaaJiaH co6pxox a>KaaMyy. Xam, XYHX3C, L4iiH YHJC3H HyTaraaXb TOrOCbIH XOOJIOHH eOHe M3T C3Tr3JIA 3OXHCTOH Xamar YYJI Hypyy, gaiia ieopem, yperaJi MOpeH TOH Y33CF3JI3HT a33 Xy"'IT MOpb, AMaa, XOHb Xapyii 3am, OH IHyFyr4, Ha,JI3yyp MOjHOO OPMCOH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~XaH T3HF3p, .Tyc, T3HF3n 6yc, 6OjurnapbI apMycfaM. Cyp >KaBX.jaHT T3M33, capjiar, yX3p T3pTyyH333p CyE4px3H 6aAcraxaap OpHbI T3HF3p HapTaa epree. T3x3c, )KYJIT3C4HH Op'IHH_aXb HyTar _preiHHF TaanaH C T3p .i YYJI Hypyy, ,aiiai oeepeM, ypcraIi MepeH Ome, caaaHa6ojiaK xaa4pmvaFTYH. T3p ii Ha4JJ3yyp MOg,Oi,OH LlyFyH, 3aM xaprywA OpIHCOH eMeF ca,TiaH 6on;K xaHpJlaFTyH. CaiiH TOpFO, 33p 33BC3F, 6aimui~-HB ~y~aa~ T3Hr3p JIc, T3Hr3p 6yc, 6o0rHnapbIr api4ycras. CaiH X14B Topro,33P 33BC3r 6aH)KI49,yBaa3. . .. CariH 3m, ecH XYCJI14AH 3pa3H3CH4iHH XMpOF Tycxy Hyyp xHH33g Llap 63JIHiiH ra3ap aaXb MOHFOAbIH TAXJ4AFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPLULBO 65 TyM3H yyn Hypyy, ,anaia 1oeepeM, ypcran MepeH Ep yHii, yHTAB3p ajiHB xamar C3JITHIIF ' OH uLIyrIyH, HanJI3yyp MO, 3aM xapFyka OpIICOH OMor aTrarryHr33p 5iByyniaxaj 3OXH1JaOX HexuIen OJIOH T3Hr3p, nyc, T3Hr3p 6yc, 6o0uHHapbir apHycras. OconIryH C3TF3JnIIJ3H 6yT3xHirv 14B33H xai4pna. Xap Taan XHAr339 Xex YCHbl HyTara aXb Oiipaj 3yFIHH OpHbl XyBpaFbIH aHMar epre>Kee 66 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA 3YYH FAP )OPBOa OPHbI mH4B,JAFT CAH TAXIIJIbIH TYXAII DH3Xyy CyjpblH TeFcrveiIuH yF33C Y33XyJI "60IbTOH 6y5IHbi ca;aaH ,aa Topxtuior roji: Tar-HbIH HYpyyHbI OBpOEC 3X aBH aIaBcT, LLIya3H .- IaM CaMdaHnyHuar-633p eepIIHH OpHbI T3Hr3p, LHBqaryyzaa caH TaxlJI YyIblH ayHAyyp ypca?K, YBC HyypT uyTFaqar. X3p3FT3FT F3K AypqcaHbi ypmacT ... 51H)KHHraaBHHYiO4OII HaHpyyJIaB" Xsiprac Hyyp: XaHxexHHi yyIbIH OMHO 3Tr33,j3T[ 1028 M eH4epT F3)K33. YYH33 XaMrMHH COHHpXO21TOH Hb HampyyJICaH XYH Hb 6onHo. Op[HHX aBCT, TOFTMOJI Hyyp. XaMrHIH YPT ra3ap Hb 75 KM, epr'eH Hb 31 AH)KHHraaBH4iIOjOM Hb XIX 3YYHbI yeiHH TeBJHAH 3OXHOJIP 6ereeo 3H3 KM, IYH Hb 80 M 6o0nHo. Yr HyypbIH OpUh14X Ia3pbIr XApraCbIH XOTrOp XyHHH TyxakI H3pT 3pa3MT3H, JOKTOp ,g.EHqOH "MOHrOnbIH ypaH F3J13F. DH3 HyypbIH eMHe Taini XAiprac HyypblH yyJi F3ra3x F[4JIM3HT YyJI 3OXMOTIbIH TOMM" (YF. 1977. II 6oTb) X3M33X HOMTI aypgcaH 6afiaar. 6Hii. TyyHiAn aJI,gap Hb Awa EH30H H3p33p amiapmLicaH 6eree, A)Ka EH30H EJi yy.i: XapxHpaa yYnblH 3yyH eMHe 3TF33a34 UIJHB3p FOJIbIH H3F Hb ypaH 3OXHOJI'I TOeJEHHFyM yTra 3OXHOJJbIH OHojIq XyH 6aicaH 6aHiHa" 3X 6onox FoooKyypbIH FOJI 3X aBjar- yyn. 6 r3FKJ OKTOp ,U,.EHJqOH OH]JIOH T3Mq3FJ13C3H yHi. AH)KMHFaaBMHPiJIOH Hb A'IHT Hyyp: MOHrOJI A.JTaHH XaMFHMH TOM Hyyp, ypT Hb 24 KM, "LaraaH JIJSHxyaH 6arnJaaH TaJii6ap-HapHbI F3p3JI ", 'YJIr3pWHH HOM epreH Hb 18 KM, FYH Hb 5 M. 3H3 Hyypaac HHIU33Ja roil ypca)K XOB, ron,g 3p,93H3 UOFLOJICHbl JOXHOHbl TaHnjanI, "Xex TOBXHMOJIbIH yFMHH HHHJIU3F. Tafiii6ap" r3x M3THRH oJioH caHxaH 6 yT33J1 TYYPBHcaH 6H1J33. HaMHp roni: Xapxlpaa yynaac 3X aB'- Xap-Yc HYYpT UyTraaar. 3H3 cyuapT rapq 6yH ra3ap YCHbl H3p Hb HM14T3Ja ajiaapTaH iOM. IpraiiT: XaH XeX4i4H HYpyyHbl H' 3TF33,Z3ja XRprac CyMbIH TeBeec XapxHpaa: Typv3H YYJIbIH eMHE X3C3FT OpllllX TaXHjiraT yyni 6apyyH ypraL OplIHMX 2302 M eHuaep yyn. 6eFee)a 3yyH yparIu 100 KM Opq-HM CyHa.K ypF3JI)KHMJC3H 6aHiraF. YBC YJIHacTaii roa: TypfrH yyniaac 3X aBq 6apyyH yparLiiaa ALIHT HYYPT HyypblH afi CaBbIH qapxaHu iaa3aT ra3ap 6aFTax 3H3 yyJblH XaMrH14H eHaep lyTra,aar. 13F Hb L jaraaH UJYBYYT (4037 M) 6o0nHo. XOBa roni: AnTaii TaBaH 6 or)bLH 3yyH Taniaac 3xJI3x JaraaH roJIooc T ypr3H:Ll33p evyyJIc3HXapxHpaa yynaac 6apyyHxoIIlu 70-aaa KM 3X aBUar. Carcaii, Coroo, ljaFaaH FOJI TOMXOH LUyTraj Hb 6ojigor. XOBZq ypr3jTDKJIj3r. XaMrHiH eHAep UI3F Hb ra3ap 3yHHl. H3pT 3pj3MT3H roji Xap-Yc HyypT yTragar. 3H3 FOJIbIH Tyxa OJIOH caHxaH Zyy lHJIy3r lU.LUarf,aap ryaHH TOJOpXOHJICHOOp 3965M LtaraaH g3FnHEI a)c33. H3r 6yii. OpFM4I Hb ,A3HX3pB33 H3pT3H, 3H3 Hb 3pTHHA TaxHjiraTaH. HIIBB3p roJi: Typv3H YyyJblH 3Hr3p33C 3X aBw yparIu ypcaH XOBA XOHnAoH roJI: MOHron AJnTaHiH HypyyHaac 6y1Oy TyYHllM cani6ap FOJIblHI 3YYHrapT HHJIH3. Typv3Hyyiaac 3X aB'4 YBC HYYPT UyTrajarroi. [Haa3raHiT Hyyp: XapxHpaa yyniaac vparm XOBa CYMbIH HYTarT YBC HVYP: 3H3 Hyypblr MOHFOJIa M3,U3XFyH XYH6afixvyfi. AM4MFI0IH OPHUHX ypTaapaa 5KM, epFeHeepee 2 KM ;aBCT Hyyp. H3p6oncoH 3H3 Hyyp HbHX HyypyyablH XOTFOPT HHJI33J1 UeJOepXeF Fa3apT 3aBxaH: XaHFaiiH 6apyyH xawyyi-aac 3X aBti 808 KM YpT ypcax opui,Lor-, MaHaH yJCbIH XaMrHHH TOM Hyyp 6ereeO HyypblH Tai6aiH ypT AHipaF HYYpT UyTFaHa. 84 KM, epFeH Hb 79 KM 6o0Ho. YBC r3C3H H3p Hb "raHiyyH YCT F3C3H 3u3cT Hb T3M23FJI3X3Ja 3H3 caHxaH Cyapblr OJOOrfHiH YBC alIMriHH yTraTaH Typ3r-rapaJITaHi yr iOM. Y.uaaHrOM CyMbIH T3qHHpaB>Kaaji4H XHHAaIIHH YM3aA J1aM K.BexHy.nyyH eepWiHrapaap xyyrnc erceH 6o0LHo. MOHUOAbIH TAXVAI'AT VYA YCHbI CyAAP OPLLBOn 67 VIlODNOW dO SAIIS C1ThDVS OL i•rr•udr ccHeldAlF Ho11319 Eos¶dCIHH9 I31T3 H1)KNCEA PedHXdPX H031109 HUermd HHHXHOW HAIfCXA WOJH133TA HODI0O19 HlwHxng HIHHHIdC HnoXiulg HHHIJA iuqHdo AXCHC MJIHP11K Kvo3X1HdP JHH7tCE HHHIHL4fdLE 'nxdXl nccii 'wrnf 11p3o3X1dv PPIHHINPX miry 1HH3OCVHA dXtwj dCeC HIq¶fHX1LI H33J1HHiXx dacifcCZo 'HCOCJIIfC9 HoJlqo9 t qdX•V rcc&idAtU jiuldOJO HCUXA HrrIJ HMou313m dlKv IHHHikAIdcI oildo icifdeaHx 'We flCt1C HCiWHm xwv tHXV HIqUlf3 IfI4V HCEIfUCIfCW UUWfHBX HUJLUV tuvE HidjHmdo twirg dccnrAo 03H1 Heemew drerofrg Het _ IItHCJIAIdCI dcd3aCti HCocciLk dccclrifoc Heifeue' 111313nc JIqiaXXrnKI CCHccdllm HPtIEH WrPr•y ifCIICo dg tseaL HHHC3XdAy AKH9 HCULA HIqIfHXL HHHLE3AX H0334 *HXilPAdI"fE tHe HOdO I1Iq'fIHXL3I 11133 tvrItrri Hl331519 1Ho.0 UALAIfeO TtOXOH hIfC H1011o - . H73111A•h HIqdrHHIr09 ItHHHIM 'decHel iqHdO w r r.ttI 7 JimHX HKI;9 H14HAX XH&dJg HHlHhAX PrrsV . I .n n.9Wb 7 bli U fooJoiI HHmdo tuHeilAAadci lC HHlIT13t idr7firV itCrmregIfe Hodew 1101 'oX dSX•H 1HOdO CHC HH11143LA[ *ji -_ aedec iumi 'wexeL doxHox 'USS JLHH14Ie HHHuIuA HIqdEl3J HL3Omdultifu HCCNCX readetdr uAc - - - - H1113XHI3 dAo HHHimHx 'JC1flCI HUXH143 1H1149 itkdjAAN§k _ - xdsoO Hvdilc lHodo CHC HIdHIlIfX1iJ H.duj11•1(t1 iuriX - Yin HcJJAAJdCI 3HhIfC HHIH11fdA1E 'ard•i cclcli4HAIjWCXXX P .MJS Wb\&; wV I odClHCi 'N1l 'WPIH 1111H3C2HA d••JiC K :tcw W"P+j htn t .rK\t LhIDW kvbt.)t Ybr ;! OOHtdO H13O1UHIMd1 HHHUOI HIqWOH Hli3XXJK-Ilf - . - WLAXOIJO IFHXVI 11V3 ivtrHIHM IqHdO tExidet dVJ HAAE _*_. - -*- --- _ YH3X33P C3TF3Jn.IJ3HFHHH 3pj3H3 6o0JcoH Xex Hyyp XyypMarryii EYPBaH CYPTaxyyHbl HOMYIo.I 6yT33J1 apBnaaH 3JiF3pq Y3B33C eHre TyHaMai F3F733H F3p3JIT XOHaIneH XyTar eOFjiErl4H 33HH1 XytH4H 6api4wiaia, si3ryyp YHAJ3C aPBH4KHH AMbTaH 3OHbI 3r33pjiHHr xaHrarF YBC Hyyp Xyp4Haa yipan TefC UOF-,aOp U3FH3X 6o0JTyraii. AjH4Baa yp TapHar 6yp,lyyn3FHl IOJTblr apiiycrasI. Yp, Mep, LHYT33H rypaB opLUJloo i Acapniax XaHai-aRT xH4Ir33,j TopxHmjor Foni Yji anIIracaH Eaiep [LHeHHHH xapyyni MaHaa 6o0JTyFaii. Apg 6oHiLL14FT XsipvacC Hyyp YYHA anilaa caHacaH 6yx X3pFHiHF xoupooJnyii AMH4pjyynar4 Eii, I3aAH alipaF T3pFyyT3H YriJic eeceeH 6yT33xIH4H OJI31HHF opmoox 6olTyraii A'I4T, Xar4naH6yyvaa acap caAHaap api4ycraAi. .. OM aa: ba3pa My: 30qol, HOexe; C3IT 3H3 OPHOO 3axipax 6ollTyraii... APHYH HaMHp, TOrTOXbIH Hypyy AAa 6ac )KapranaHT, IpraiiT An,ayypawLryr4 Yji4aCTaii, XOBqblH FOJI AMba L[U4B3p, UIJaa3ragTaa api4ycra5I. AqTaIR TyCTaA OJIOH Hyyp 6a 3aBxaH AnTaji, XaH Xexn14 T3pFyFT3H AcapJOrFmH4H yyn, X3BU3r 63px iiycaa OPWlCOH Aryy XYql4T T3HF3p JIyCbIH Hexe)gWiF api4ycraA. Hyyp,Y,RaiiaI4 ueepem 6 ypa, OH u3U3pll3r 3yJI3r MOAOH HyTar OpHbl 3aM xapryJ4, xaBuaIi raHra, XOHF4JI X0Hq,I4Aq TyC TYC 3FYYPA OPI.II4H TOFTCOH TyxaiiH 60oJHHapblH Hexea C3IT xaMrHrlr apiHycraAI. ApHyyncaHaap yn api4yccaH aiiHBaav, 6ac 6yc ApH4yH TaHrapar 3BA3pC3H4HRr ynl XOUpOOH apHiycra. AnaarfiallryI4 6ac 6yc C3Tr3ji33P XyBHjiraCHbl AnI4Baa X3p3rT3H 6yx ii 3,i TaBaapblr XOUpOOJIFyI epree. EHJi4 6yxHH4i yHll ABJaaJ Hb 3C M3pF3HHI TYJI UHe, X3I, C3TF3JI rypBaHaa Xapll1I4JCHbl bIui3rryH r3M aimaii anilHH 6yiir OFryl13H HaMaHIHJIMyy. s4ni6yypryii XyIIU3H Taanl)K CaXHH aBapq epIwee. 3H3 JI 3yFI4HH OPHOO xyp ycaH uar-Taa 6yy>K 3ni63r ;3l663F Tapia HOFOO, OBC ypramaii aHlHi4; ;3ll3p33a 3H3p3mryH yJI 3OXHJIJOX jOpOf4TfbIH H3p yc Hb ' apiHll?K DPX3MC3F enI3HHT 6yAHbi 63.ri4fir 6yT33x 6o0ITyraii. XyBparHiiH aHMryya C3TF3JI caHaaraap 3OXHUOO0 MOHFOAbIIH TAXIAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPLIBOf 71 AJlTAII XAH ALTAI SACRED MOUNTAINS '3j caHFHIH cyzap X3J] 3OXHOJIbIH Xyp33J13HFHHH xapbsla aKaaeMHq lj.,NjaMaHHcyp3H aFCHbI r3p My3eiiH xeMpeFT TH-154 F3C3H ,ayvaapTaui xajtranarqa>K 6afraa 6oJLHo. Opoc uaacHaa xap 63x33p Mal Information on the sutra: rapragITa 6Hqc3H 7 xyy,aac 3H3 CyapblH xyy,iacHbI,ayr-aapbir TOBj yCF33p This sutra-manuscript was written by caMrapgiH X3J]33p T3MR3rnJ3>K33. Ishluvsandambiigombo in dedication to 3oxmorF_i Hb HLuWJyBcaHgaM6iHroM6o F3,j3v XYH 6eree, yr Cy,apbir Altai region, the land of the Oirad. The Oigpaa HYTrFHHH i,IHepBeH aHMar 6yioy jll,PB0ea4HH HyTarv AnTaMig sutra is written in Sanskrit language 30pH4yJIK33. using Tibetan characters. 3H3 cyjapT AJITaMi HyTrFrHH X31i X3,q3H ra3ap YCHbI H3p rapLi 6auiraa Hb roJI TenesB Taxiinira WJIyn3FT ra3pyya 60JnHO. The sutra describes the sacred mountains and rivers in the Altai region, such as bopxaipxaH - YBc a[MF41H- Xqprac CyMbIH HyTaFT OpW14X /La.T.JI Mount Borkhairkhan (2,511 m.), Mount 2511 M eHOep/ HnIlKF3H xaAXbIH jepBeH CyM. /3yyHxaHrail, eHqepxaHraA, Bayankhairkhan (2,270 m.) and the IjaraaHxagpxaH, 3aBxaH capTyyJl/-bIH Taxi4inraT yyjn 60HO. Khangiltsag and Nariin Rivers. basqHxaiipxaH - YBc ar4MrHiiH MainHH CyMbIH HyTara aXb /;j.T.41 The Altai mountains are Mongolia's 2270 M eHaep/ TaxHnraT yyn. largest and highest mountain range, measuring 200 to 300 kilometers in XaHrwJutar - XaHr4jiuarHriH qaBaaHaac 3x aBqL XaH-XexWir width, and 500 kilometers in length with C3TJL3H 6apyyH X01HIU YBcbIH XOTFOPOOp YBC Hyyp nyy qHrji3H ypcaar an average altitude of 2,260 meters and ron. BeeperHi4iH 3JICHHII 6apyyH eMHeA X3c31T OpOO, uJHpr3H3. /x.e. 50, with summits up to 4,000 m. The 3.y. 93 21-u OpLUHHO/ mountain range connects with the extensive Gobi-Altai mountain ranges. HapuiiH roi: - BaAHHyyp, lYOpHr,143Jl 311cH'H 6ynraac 3x aBHa. ,Dani rapyg KM ypcawi YBC HYYPT ulyTraHa. AgarTaa Fix 114p3Hr3 6yTTai, xoILwoo T3cHii-H FOJIbIH LUHHp3HF3T3H HHHiH3l. /x.e. 50 22, 3.y. 93 20-R OplIH4HO/ 3DAr33p33c raaHa DpR3H3xa4pxaH /TaxHJIraT/ yyJI, Y.naaH roon, Yc 6yyx, CyMaH FOnI 33p3F3H3 HYTFHHH r OJI YCHbI H3P rapl 6aHHa. 72 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ft UoYmdo dWAD IqHDA vAA IVJVVXVI HIqVOJHOW ~~;;s~~~ ~- -z -J~ !_ 2t~~~~~ ---a -I~ ...... - - r r .w %916- 892-sJ ]; s f$j atxew k4 i*"r*ur-4sw|. t ' r g*f;619/l6 ,='.P _D*E*441n t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IIc(;6 y4' >k14 SSti;^l - qU _W .,, --a s P. -e i^- - ' ~<- ,-t... - e. rn A 1A1urc%cAySc¶,1$ 4 tstXti>Fli tri1a¶ZE3<^liQaf2#|x #F Th--fl w &Ssi e~2x&4& C raAzzixxz3frzaiq ¶&arf3rn,5f?«94aIl |5i8}|rase~vRtga4>fltzrw - --- mN-. --__a ^ u^:S - @ -~~~~~~~~~------. 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HyTrWiH eCHbi r3r33H caH~H capaH, MWIHHH 614n3r',3YI, TOpr-OH XyBuac 3px3mni3> ioy aaaTraH 3aXbcaH yHnjciAr 6yT33XHr4H TYJI 33prnur 3ypK,xajar 6aH)Kgbir xi4gnr:))K MOpb, YX3p, T3M33, mMaa,XxOHb 9HU3nlryfi 6311aC3H Taxi4n 6an7lHHaap 6aAcrall U3HrYYnE> T3pryYT3H XeneOep 5BarqgbIH E)BOPMOUT1-1H4r 60,aHTOHroop 6onlOH aypC 9r33pq caHacaH X3prFHg XOIIpoonFyii C3Tr3JIqn3H 6yT33. XeprHHrF 141arn LMHHarw 6arTaaH anHlHaa yqpyyni. OMHO41491 3pa3HI49H caHixaH OpJOH, TOPFOH XYBUb[H Apij, aFb, 6aiyy 33prH4fr api4ycraaA 3na3B xy)KiHr ranaap carHaai E)Hro y33M)KHT yy)KM OPFOEeHH4HTaBuaHTCYYP14Ha 3nA3B xyynlraH HX yTaar-3FYYTr3x 6a 00PHHH 5iqaMbir- aHmmaq YHAJ13H 3H T3pryyH:)3 Ee0AnelH 3anipaaj TaxHnJbIH uorunioi, 3Ha3XH"IH 39 3,anl3J eepHi4reo 6a51craH TYC TyCbIH Taxi4i 6ajiHHr lIIyr-H3qJI3H X14AF33,j E)B T,3rII OpOH 3YT4rHHH 6Y51Hbi 6Hi4nr4llT4r 60JIOBcpyyjiaH 6aTaa[ HamxAH30,b1H (OFTOprYAH caHF14AH O.C) 3yyH TapHiH 60JIOH 3ypraaH 3aniparTyH TapHi4ap aanCTi4)jnaH yH3HXYY xy-m3p or-yyni. 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T3pFyyT3H T3rYYHIIn3H lsopxaf4pxaH X3M33X X}IHri33,a ApHInarcaH YHjaa C3p)KN[lili 3YHJIH4HH1 TOO Hb C3Tr3CH33C F)a3iHxaiipxaH 60JnoH YniaaH roni HeXlj0ena 13acxyy Yc 6yyx, XaHF14J]uar AMTaT iiaraaH yp 3naq3B TOpJlliH 14a33F HaHlpyylClibl HapiH,H CymaH 3:)p3r yyJI ycaHqR OpLLUCOH Apl4YH 3yyH aMTaT 6YX3H, T3Hr3p 6YPXHbl 300r- 76 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA lAaraaH TOC, UE)p XeePYYnIC3H Cyy 60HrO 33p3r' 30pHyA F3M UHXyfHC3Tr3A33p 6oOMTJIOH,xyA canixiiap ynlU3H liaraaH 3aAr C3TrOn3]; OXHCTOH TOFC 60nrFool xOee Amaa XOHb,yx3p.ropeeC T3pryyTHHA 30PHraOnI yFyH caLtpaniaac xaraUCHbi araapT HamaHLinaH AmapBaa maXbIF qaHaH LuaTaaA< 15onFOOH HaHpyyniax 6a YflnJjC3H33P 3MHHgH 6arcaprl XOnIbCOH Hiq33 C3J1T 3J1a3B LU1MT1Hrlf 3oxmJlaJIororym ;IOpOHTJlblH OpHOOC AJnryyx 60JTyraHi DHryHi HapmHHH X11B TOpFOH XyBllac, 3JIa3B caHH 6ecaaaBYYH MalrTaanI Hb: 3B 3eeneH cyyuani,HaMHnMaH TyHaJI3caH 6apl4HTar, majraH 'iK33, XyBLiac YJI3LUryfi 6y5lHbl YHi^H33 maLuiHa 60JIOBCOpCOH Dp93H3T lIMFHMIHH3yHno,xyArayynira,33P 33BcrHflH 3yHnJ Yni3m> 6yqHT 3YHbl ycaH caHraac 3ryya3rc3H FaJT CYMHbi apraCbIH Xypj, Hng,cym,)sa; YH3X33P UIIpyyH XyqHH qaqJIbIH uorigr 3pXLL33H yqpyynicaH ]Fa)yy,j aAaCHbirgapar-43JnA3B M3CH4Hr33X3H TaBi4aa opremyy Y3B33CaOrSH1H UJHBaariHH HeXOe4C3JnTIAr marTMYY T3Hq3M3n apaaTHbi apbC, arT MOpb, JYYC yHaAra Acap uaraaH C3Tr3JnHH1H OpHbl caB WH4M4HHH T3m33, Amaa,XxoHb,YX3p T3pryyT3H xeneeOp 3Bar-M ATRb6mH 6YAHbl 6HR3F T3mqri4r4 aPBHTraH, xoHixop xapriHCbIH .3B33p3r caHIT CYPr4H iyyniraH ra3ap anxim anHlHaa eMrHHHH T3pqnl3H TyTpaFa 6yyRaaH,6yypilar, XOHor, amyy, YH)KH4, Anmma; AaHCHbi agmrHgr XOTnOOP Hb gapaH 3OXH4OF OpHbl T3pFyyT3H T3Hr3piHHH ilyyir-aH An"lBaa 3YARIAH yp TapHar amcap 6JqnXTaniayypr3C,3H xyy caH AJnb 6y HE)OHeeC3JTCHAr &-633p marTcaH 6onior AJIT MOHeO,Myp CYB;I naBaiH HOMH4H XH9r,33,q TooJnLIrYH T3HF3p maHrac,HaHmaH aHMrHHH OMrHH1H TOBq OJIOH3yHnJ 3pj3H3C33p aYYPr3C3H caH XE)MpOerT3pFyyT.3H TOTrOpryfi uaraaH 3YF1ir T3TF3C3H 6aH)Kabir 3FUn3H 6ocrow OHUoJ1600C T3HF3p XyMyH14H qyxar X3p3FT3r4 3,a aryypc 6YXH1Hr- Acap caiHH AOPBOH YHnIC1HHH UOFT XyqHi4gr axy HXm3p OFOOT TapH14HH E)HH4AHHr4 6apiHrqHHH iajjnaap mailllH aPBs4Traaq Asla 3H,93X caHcapT OpI1COHq,33;,-HYFYalAFH marTasl OrTOPrYH T3Hr3pHHAH HeXOq nIyFaa C3nIT3;1 E)prOCH14r TaaniaFTYH Ypbj HaCHbl TepeA OJIOHa33,qHAH HHlryypblF TOJnHnJOO, 3H-3 OpHOO OpLLCOH TE)POeXTO3H 6YXHH4Hr xoutpoonirygr33p YqpaJnbIH ;133, HOMblH palIIaaHbl caHH LIIHmHHr maliiH, Dc M3,ZaC3HHA 3px33p FypBaH yy,qHH4 r3M aBCHblr IIII4HXcMCHHH XYPTC3H33p 9pXE4H ,q33,q 6ypXHbl TaaianiA xapLiiniax r3m aniqCbIH qyyjraHbIF YpBaLlFYA om4g 6YTHbl MOpT OplIICOH xamaf TOpOJIXTeHyyaHHHi DC XOL\pOOH HamaHqHnXcK apHyTraCHblr OPIUOOeH coepx YpmaCT Tyc aMraniaHrHHH L[OFHHF T3TI-3H 3OXHOXYH4r TaHb maFTaA OHFOH MOqblF Ol'TJIOX, aOFW14H ra3pblr manTax xtHHr3-3q OJIOH reOPOOCHM it aMb 6yp3JnF3X, TaHraparmgH yF anRaax, cyp ,)IaaTraH COepXOX Hb: XHHIIIYY TaBH4X ,1A33pXHHH 6ypxH]bl Taaniaii xaplulHICHblF yT3p Typr3H q14H T3p M3T33p 3H3 OpHbl lOrLUIH T3H1 3p HOXOa C3JIT14AF 3YPXH33C33 3ani6ipaH T3pqji3H yl4panibIH TaxHAIblH qyynrFaHbir caHiTap Taxi4aa maFTaaa ,aI33,R14fH 3H,D3J 60OnCOH MIA3HH 6apaaH YYJICHHfH qyynr-aHbIF DH3XYY OpHblF qxyaraap aBpaH CaxH4AK 30XHiCT 6o0nrooA DpxLui4i aHnTraxc 3YPXH33C33 3F33p3JI XYCJ]H4H YPIAr M()IIPOAbIH T'AXHArAT N'YA YCHbl CYAAP 01'S130MOf 77 ,L3llr3p yy?Ki4M sinryycaH OPOH 6yx3H 6a 3H3 OpOH 3yFT Caap H3p Hb Fi 3C ajiaapLH1H amrajiaHraap aMHJpiyyjiaXblr 30X140 ,La33p3HXyH AOFfl14H CaBAFyyTAblH caHTap T3TF3CHHI4 aauiiaap T3p M3T 3aJI6HpcHaap aaaTracaH yiinc 6yX3H YnI XyC3XYA HHTF3Jl ULBHI4H OpOHTOn 6yx3H apunaa, T3Hc3iryIi 6yT3K, 6ac 6ac eepH4H OpHOO a)Kpaaa YH3H uLallUHblr 6ohlrooxbIH caHH LiyyaraH 6yxHHm r apBHTra. 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Maii cyp3r apBiKH4H, 3pa3HHr4H XyBuac, XOpTOHi TOprO MaHniaH 3yri11iH apwiwxaa HaHMaaHbI yHJIHHH yyq asqHajaa yygna T3Hr3p, XYMYYH xaTalIXCHHH acpaxyH T3Tr3Xyfi T3p 6yxuii caHH 'yyJIraH xoUpojiryH apBI-DK4H j3frl3p4 OHH4, OpIlHXbIF 3OX110 3BUp3JI xsIMpaJl xaniBap X4DKHr eB)BI4H, 3yA TypxaH, x3i aM 14313pxiA uyy myyriMaH, uL3p3raaHbI aloyJi, xaaHbI sIn uaa3, CaB IIIHMHHH 6yX3HA T3pC33la3XHHH OHUbIH XOp xeHeeniJIH 78 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA APBAH UYIHbI B3JIF3 TOFC HX T3HF3P KHANGAI SACRED MOUNTAIN XAHFAfI XAH DH3xyy XaHri-a XaHbl CaHrHI4IH Cy,apbIf eH7qep r3r33Hiifi aOTHbl LLiaBb JIaMblIH r3r33H !IyBcaHaaH3aH?KaHUiaH (1639-1704) TeBa X3JI33p 30X110?33. Information on the sutra: JlaMbIH 131-3HI11H 6yT33nJiiH ;saFcaaJITWF 6aiiaaH y313JI TyyHHI4 This manuscript on the sacred Khangai H3FryF33p 60To4n 'XaHraii XaHbi ILIMBjar" r3C3H 3OXH0JI T3Mj3FJ73FU)K33. mountains was written by a Lama YJICbIH TeB HOMbIH caH, FaH,aHT3qHHJ1H4H X149i)HHl HOMbIH caHi Luvsandanzanijantsan in Tibetan xaj-anarivaaw 6aliraa aepBeH 6oTb CyM 6yMbIHx Hb H3rUYF33P 6oTM4r language. Iyyfc Y3C3H aWl xapamcaJITa Hb g33p gypJlcaH caHFrHH cy,ap 6o0JoH 6ac 6yc x3c3r 6ycar cygap yp3UqC3H 6aiiB. XapH4H [HYA-H14iH X3X The sutra pays a tribute to the sacred 3OXHOJIbIH xyp33JI3HrFHH T0B3 XeMPerT XaHraM xaHbl H3F caHF4HH cyqap places and wildlife found in the region. xaaFjiar,Aa?K 6aACHbwF y3B33C 3UICHfH xyyaac Hb jiyTyy 6afiB. FT3J3n The sutra is unusual in that its praise XaHrail XaHbl R)epBe) cyaap XYBH1H uyrjiyyjnraa 6aiiCHblr TyjiraBai H3r focuses on wildlife and domesticated Hb TyC CyjpbIH xyynjra 60nox Hb TOrTOOUFCOH TyJI H3FIMr HFereeFeep animals, drawing out their individuality Hexe0 3HA opyynjnaa. TercrenEi,H1yF1HF y313JI LIOpXK JIyBcaHHaMlK4miI 6 33p by describing their idiosyncracies. jiyp,qcaHg 6ypxaHbl TOMH J1yBcaHaaH3aH?KaHLIaH Ha4pyyncaHbi 6l4334 Hb Animals described in the text are yaks, F3n3HpaBsaH 13)K33. dogs, and sheep. DH3 caH1rH4 CyqpbIH H13F COHIpXOJTOfi Tan Hb XaHrai! HYTFI4iH aH aMbTaH, apaaTaH )KI4ryypT3H, Man cyp3r, caBgar mL4B3aarT xaHran The Khangai mountain range stretches epeceH AlBaaan 6oniHo. 5InaHryqa 3ypX uLaraaH xap HOxOii, x caBarT for over 700 km. from Tsetsen Khairkhan ,aorFLuiH xanTap capnar, xap XOHHH Cyp31 33prF4 OHLIOJ0H gypxcal Hb Mountain to Delgerkhaan Mountain in )K4HX3H3 MOHroj axyi1iqaa 3oxmuyyncaH a>K33. Arkhangai and Ovorkhangai provinces. 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Xoji6or4ox HOM: Information on the sutra: 1. eBFeH L:3H,q3B14H aypqaTFam YE, 1961 OH The original manuscript of the sutra for 2. eBFeH )KaM6aJIbIH Apra. Yb, 1959 OH Bogd Khan Mountain is being kept in 3. X.Hqm6yy. OJIHoo eprerqceoH E-ora xaaHT MOHFOJI YJICbLH TOpHHH ec, the archive of The Language and ecnon. YB. 1993 Literature Institute, Ulaanbaatar. The 4. 1l-.1--argap. MoHFoJIbIH ra3ap 3yI4H H3pHHH TOB'4 TOJIb 6HqmF. YB. 1978 manuscript was written by Bikkhu Lama OH. Dashravdan Unenbilegt. The Bogd Khan mountain gained official protection status in 1778, making it the world's first ever officially protected site. However, the tradition of protecting mountain ranges dates back to the 12th Century, when the King of the Hereid tribe, King Tooril, who lived in the Tuul River valley, decreed that it was forbidden to hunt or start fires at these sacred sites. King Tooril even assigned a guardian to protect the twenty-one valleys in the region. Each year before the Nadaam festival, state officials paid homage to the mountain. 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XanXbIH ,aepBeH Tax4jiFaT yynblH H3F HyTaFT x.e. 47030', 3.y 103045' OpIHIIX 1962 M eOHep yynI IOM. 6OOJox OTFOHT3HF3piH4r aHx 1828 OHa ,LJapxaHiuaa3TaM 6onwroAK Bora ba5H3ypx - 3aBxaH aMMFriH HeMper CyMbIH HyTarT x.e. 47030', O4HpBaaHb F3>K H3p4H,a3X 6o0J1K33. HiiMj OTFOHT3Hr3pHIr 103045' OPlIIMX J.T.JJ 2080M eH0epT Opmll4X YyyJblH aniiapT paLuaaH O'-HpBaaHHIAH cax4ycTaM yynl r3,a3r a)K33. o4HpBaaHb Hb Xex Hyyp -OTFOH T3Hr3p yynaac 6apyyH 3YFT 1I KM 3aTaH OpiHJX MOHrO3LyygbIH .ZYyHj apBaH xaHraii r3)K amgapIucaH aOFlUH4H CaXHyCHbI BOUAbIH rOJlbIH CaBa 3.y. 97020', x.e. 47036' COJBuBuOjia 6yiM 2456 M H3F 6eree, yrqHn63j "MyTapTaa Oq4IpT Fr3C3H H3p 6olIHo. 1911 OH,E OHAOpT OplllMX Hyyp MOHFOJ OpOH MaH)Kaac aHlMFIK4pCHbl XOH4HO OJIHOO eprergceH BOUt Xap Hyyp - YnaavqIHbl xap Hyypq m3a3F XaHraMH yJnblH 6apyyH xaaHT MOHFOJI YACbIH XYYJ]b 3apnii4raap OTrOHT3Hr3pHi4iF )KHJ 6yp X3C3FT 3.y. 96008', x.y 48019 '-, 1980 M OHAOpT OPLlH4X YPT Hb 20 rapyH Taixaap TOFTOO)K, I4HHXyY Tarix Hb 1930-aag OHbI ye3c 6ypMeceH KM, epreH Hb 6 KM Hyyp 3OFCCOH 6aiiHa. XapHH 1995 OH9 MOHFOJI YflCbIH EpeHxuiiJler4 3ayr33 LjaraaH Hyyp- aaH YYJIbIH H3F TaJij Hb OTroHT3Hv3p33c XO.rIIyH LfarFHFH 6aMjaqai HHH1LyyJI3H TaMX Tajiaap OJIOH TyMHMM caHaaq.TiaFbIF 6apyyHaa OpIIIMX )KH)KF3BT3p Hyyp 6o0lHo. ,a3MWKC3H 3apnjir rapracHaap ,aaX4H TaA)K TaX4XbIr Hb c3pr33)K33. MAHr-aH cyM63p yyJI - Hb XaHraAH HyypyyHbl cani6ap, 3aBxaHbI DH3XyY OHFOH jaFMHH yyJ7IbIH Cyp XyqH4r HJITF3C3H OJIOH aiiqapT 3yHJI HyTaFT OpUIHX MAHraHbI yyjic 6OJIHO. 6Mi 6ereej 6 Tyxahii6aJI H3F cyra-aac Hb ypccaH EOrabIH roJI, 3H3Xyy HHHTJIyyJI>K yM4 TeB,irap 6114M3.I CYTpbIH XYYJIrblF OTFOHT3Hr3pHiH apiL, OTrOHT3Hr3piHii pawuaaH 33p3F Hb MOHFOJI LIJaUHbl 433.L~CYpFYyJIWHH 6arIu, TeBjeq IJJ.CoHIIH6aMp erceH 6onHo. jaaAapT H3p 3apTaH. 3H3 YyyJblH TyxaA H3F3H aOMOr 4 6yii. 3pT ypb, uar-T Tyyn fOJlbIH e'MHOejje0 BOFl xaH X3M33X Y33CF3JI3H TeOc CyM63p OprFMJT yyjn 6aibK33. F3T3ji 6apyyH 3yFHHH M4X FOBbJI raH raqiHr 6onooq aMbTaH, XyH aFraK uiaHraHi,CenceK yHjaacaH TynJ1IJ>K33. H3r3H XyqHT 3p BoFj xaH yyj1aH4 Xypq Hp33,R YPT apram)Kaap yr yyJbIF OOCOpJIOH yypT3JI g33AK4H 6Me Hb Tacapq 6erceH 6He Hb yJ1JI)K33. MeHeex 3p H3r3HT33 3pr3H xap>K ",aypTaH [I33wK Hb HaaIluaa, iypryH 6erc T3Hj33 " r'3AK X3JI33A AIB1HMXK33. ABti4pcaH yYIbIH MOIIFOAbIH TAXHAFAT yyA YCHlI CYAA1) OPHIBOn 91 OTGONTENGER SACRED MOUNTAIN Information on the sutra: [ s1 r Otgontenger Mountain is the highest snow- n ; nq - capped peak of the Khangai mountain range. It =; 1 4 al ;' 9qc- tJ.:i C is located 70 km from Uliastai town in Zavkhan >- s 1s1'- v-1Q ' - | Province. The mountain is one of the four nationally worshipped mountains in Mongolia I - F X', , , f e12 a and was declared as protected in the year 1928. ~~~~~_o¢~~~~~~~~~~.. -.-. ____ -_ The mountain is one of the oldest sacred sites in Mongolia. The mountain features in numerous - -i;P legends; once upon a time, the people of Zavkhan , - Province suffered from a famine and drought, -. l J47 s.Q 92 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA -t K t --- - s - -||~~~~~ I-~~~~~C 'lTr 1 - 2r'*k11 ?-'Nt'nG1-r1g9n5'X, .5 _ p . .4 .l,f IiM w--S. _E W w < 3~~~~~~C . .~~~~~~~~~~~~M . vo-.3) !Cts S -NM I'rCa-r UiIIfll-O -gNE-<-'7 llf eAli'J lrKl!q'dr1_;1 r, n 45't .. i S4pJSIrtFLl~~~~~~~~~~M-. r2'5fTq4-¢lUlr-b-t;,>z1 r9l^ t .. S .. __ 1fffag B~~M-9(Zli _ aT @~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z4I__, -I,~- __-j nr- :in -) t -1 lp LlZtt~~~~~IclQtk :n4L-7t , ^. @',: . _ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, c L z . - . - - --. , -_.~~~Ar- MOHFOAblH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPUIBOA 93 s w- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ajSmSar MqHi-aH cym63p yyji, 1jU3pJI3F > ~~~~f f f * s ls~~~~~~~~~asH3ypX, XOx 3HF3p T3pFyyT3H YYJICbIH [ ~ ~~Qlz;zz;i ~~~~~I 2zl¢>111l,qz Xlprbf,b2 B arFaa MqHFaH 111HtB,aF Hb 3ajipaFTYH zjReskll~ ~ ~ ~ v lCqTnrlrrzrwS|,jlznia|nF8'or. ba,ap XYH,aara, F)asH6yjiar 60JIOH , 'LIq^firjp0,Xen 15llqlrzJZlFlxaxjaJIT IjaraaH, XeX, Xap Hyyp , t J ' , * . . +. lS~~~~~~~~~~~FasInarBy31HT 6eojiH LUip3q M-yRyyT t/ eH.Icirpi1 t Jea nq|q'nrnlS rgrBexr! rrle,S;S-,§-, 1 bac 6yc ycj 4erqnJt-ltv-*!eDqq:ts lfinydl>woiPtifsngl-,*o<|/ 4 aiipu-)K3H3 OpHoo awpa]rTYH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t 'araaH TOXOii, TaCbIH cyyqaan xHRr33,a <- - <; _- ' ^ -* - _ _ b G~~~~~OTrO6ajiraTail niyraa LlaHamaHb YPT EOM6YY, IaraaH 6yjlaH T3PFYYT3H 11X T3Hr3P OTFOHT3HF3P T3PrYYT3Hj YY)KlM TaJn3yri4gH caBaar 3H3 OPHOo a)KpaFTYH CAH TAXHII OPrOX EC ECOH XYCJIHfIH T3pqnl3H ra3ap YC, Haiin3yyp MOROH,xaa qynyy CAIIH AMIFAJIAHF14fIH XYP iFyyjirA]F' T3Tr73rq ieoepom 6yp,a, Hyyp aaniaE T3pr'yyp 3am, xaa acra, 3y13F HOrOO,YYJI TanjizaBaarYB33 OqHpBaaHb 6YPXHaa mopromyy. 9Hj3XIJH UOrT HyypbIH 333H T3,arnpT cyyraa OpOH HYTFIAH LII1Bjar aApaFTYH. 0ql4pBaai-ii4H OpHbIF caxi4rq 4X T3Hr3p OTrOHT3Hr3p HOXO C3JIT39 caH 00IA 0M0a, caal4! XOFop aryi Tax4iOrOHAXYBC3J E)qE)H Y33Cr3JI3HT OpAOH M3T T3riu 6aqCJIbIH TOBa Ama, Bacyy E)J311fT 3pj3Hl4fH TaBijaHT LlH1p33H33 ac acgaa3aniapCHblj3qp Acap TWiH ygi4pzar MqHraHbi ayraa XY'4Tl4irYJI XOIIpOOX ree acnarH rlrpeeAHeop nary Acap On-OH 3yiiJ HOMXOTFOFAOXYYHbIF HOMXOTrOX X14n3HT 6meT OOPHHJH C3Tr33nuHrH camaql4lH XePeHreop 6yTC3H,60AHTOf4 Acap qSnryycaH Xy41H14i 3px 6aqjnarT HyyIJbIH 333H 63IaC,3H Acap TOaOPXOr4 HOM:IOJI 6YT331-133 apB14TraXbIH TYJIA 3Hq Eeoanex C3Tr3ni3gp XYB14nracaH Taxlln-bIH 3aR a)KpaFTYH 00P TaHrapariAH 3,1 TaHcar., 3nIa3B v caHFIAH qyyniraHbir Ymap 3YrMAH 3,u 6apEirq aryy 14X XOT maHaJlblH TOBj OpOH ra3ap, 3aBCpbIH y33r93R, OFOOT anulBaa 6yrg3,a epremyy Yr ra3pblr 6ap4rq OJIOH HOXZAE)Ep OFOOT XYP3,3IyynIC3H M3T Y3xy64ir6urA ai6apHlTBAH ApBaH 6yqlHbi 63Jnr3 Terc 60niop cym63p YyynHaac YH3PT caHrniAH 3niaqB 3,1 3aiir Lu-aTaaH XODKOOCeHOep Ap14yH OpHblr caxEirq OTFOHTDHrgp a>KpaFTYH, 3H3 OpHOO YIMK1XyaHYJ bOTPyi~TF,HYF3 Anil4Baa 3,a 14,q33 TE)FC 39JI3nHlf4fH eCeH XYCJnIIIH xyp 6yycaH M3T Ye 3aBcap, ,U339,j0,qO,bIH 3omi4, 6aqcaH xaHax 60JnTyrail AXy 3ni ra3ap ,;33px 6yA4 6YXH14IF 3pXLU33X14RH 14, Xy'IT3H 3Y H9C4 ia,3gMTH3C4fHyyrH XiH yra Bara BoFZ, X,3M33H an,AapluicaH ilaCT yyniHaa OpL-UCOH nrr aap,arac OXCH axya ]Sa,qaHFyiiorT 0J3149XyTri9H fimrAH HOOA 3jipaTYH iiaHrysIa ayraa Xytll4T 9px 6asInarT 0ql4pblF 6apHrq F:acxyy 14X T3HF3p TaHbl 63px xaTyy E4X Xyql4H jinryynicaH 3apnHnmiH YiInq, 3,J149H 333H HOXeA C31ITHAF4 94 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA apmycr-aA AMbTHbi OpHOOC 3arHnyyniaH 30XHO. ba 6ypHHiH 60enoo,' YuJICHiH XYC3ra:)XYYHHiiF maIIUm r-HAiYYnK Xyp ycaH LIarTaa 6yy>K, lSac ypb,n TOpRUHH yec 3H3 HaCHbl 6apun,AnariTblF YFT33C3H Yp Tapi4a, MO,j ypFamai ypraa, Ba,apaJIT HX T3HF3p OTrOHT3Hr3puHH ajiaJnbIF caHaH XYHHUA s3ryyp YH,U3C a3F>C14H laiFuaa T3HF3p, JIyc, LLs4BaaF 601H4HapblH HOXOU C3ATfJAr- carHasI ,aePBH XE)nT Man T3pryyTH14R TOBqHnl6ooC M14HIAIXHUfJ13H aqHJICHbl OPOH HYTaF YP)KHH apBmaaXblH am ;i3nr3p3vA ToBijOH cyyraa Fa3ap, xa, qyniyy, opa xapw 1I,a3:3 YHuaa, Cyy Tapar- 6yx3H TonrFo; Tani FonI yc T3pFyyTH:33 OplIICOH 14,a3p 3YHblaajaaiu MWT apBUaKHXbIH TOOT aMbTHbl sA3ryyp 6oRCOH xaMFuHlr caFHa34 3pXUH yibiciufr 3rH3rT 3OX14orTYH. A,g6nuI LyBpmjnryH 6wn3r 6unrFHuH aMraniaHr yycr,3x qaRaaJT XypaaHryunj6aan Tyc aMraniaH rapaxyu! OpHbl Axyiu HX,TA33,AUH 3H3Xyy caH Taxl4nbIr epreCHOOp XyTar Oen3HAT 3nnrYYCHbl LuaL1HH AqjnaJT eF30pHAH 333H, 3p,93M TaXHJI HOXOA, 3JIT1u9F CaHacaH XYCC.3H,33P opre)Kl4H 431nr3pq Aniracaniryui E,aOp)cuH IlleHE)X MC)HI'OAblfi TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbl QYAAP) OPLUBOA 95 rYH)aCAMBYY X3M33H AJI4APHICAH FA3PbIr BAPH4F'-LI (YYJI)-H4fH 3PXT T3H13P, JIYC, 1H14BjAIFYYjAjMAK AP4YCrAJI TAX14I OPFOX EC XOTOJIA CAfTH ISAACFAJIAHFHIIH XYPHM X3M33rJ3X OPHBOH_ w 3H3 CyapbIr 3aBa aaMgXHH 3OXH0)K33. TerCveJrHHH yr33c Y3B3JI i I t0I,ni 4 *t24 aaH,TjOH,OBbIH XYC3JITH4H jaryy XY )KapHbI IOpOO MOPHH KHZJI1HH 3YHbI 3X3H CapbIH 21-Hg 6yioy 1928 OHq 3OXHO)K33. 3H3Xyy cyjap Hb 3aBa ,aMIHHbI 3PFYYJI3H HA-60THI4H OT0P 6yEH. ,=. FyH,zcaM6yy F3,3F Hb "XOTOYUg CaHH"a 3c3H yTraTaH TOBq H3p 6ereeo XaH X3HTH14H H313H opriFJIbIH H3p 60oJHo O,aoo tIyxaM smap H3pT3AI OPFHJI 6ouiox Hb To,jopXoiiryi 6aiiraa IOM. BURKHAN KHALDUN SACRED MOUNTAIN i, 11 Alrrd$neo; : A,S4q ,eS J~iirwsqr- £urrzs.iSce RJ 4 Information on the sutra: i =" ° The sutra was written in 1928 by Zava Damdin, a well known scholar of the 19 'h ,- Century. The manuscript pays tribute to Burkhan Khaldun Mountain, one of Mongolia's four nationally worshipped sacred sites, l , u ; revered since ancient times. fYjll c . The place is considered sacred for being n a burial site of Mongolia's great khans A r -- , - and other noted historical figures. 96 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA _- - - j ft. -w -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - i|z8rl-r>lrirwotr)-,5 @q|v688^z465^5 t2 >419@tvRo-az1@^sjyg^-Eir1 - - xW '43£ a4£^Izl 63I > I1 %e-1Z pd 34 Jtit 4 * = t z d i o vtd C x¢ l I v s 7 4tl C -%C C4%a JIr AM. . 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(YYJI)-HfILH 3PXT T3HF73P, JIYC, MHIvBaAryyak4 BYAHbi apBaH 6Hnl3F Torc X3HTHH xaHbl OPFHnI APHvYCFAJI TAXHJI OPFOX EC XOTOJIU CAAH AH capbaar apBaH rypBaH xaH yyJI T3pr-yy I H33 OpLUCOH t;AqCFAJIAHFHi4H XYP14M X3M33Fa3X 0PLHBOf BaaTap jarliHac, TaHrapar IHbl qyynjraH 6yx3H F:3a,qCJbIH 6y)Kl4Fn3n-33p eeaneJIH 3H3 OpHbl 3ajjparTYH. Hamo rypy 6a3pa niaaHHeC3 H3H 5imaHrysqa 6aT OHJOp cyp oKaBxjiaHT O)pj3HHAH yyJI Ajnr-yycaH 6yxHHHi XytlHH tLaaJanT Oql4pT OpHbl H3BT3pxHHe3 6wi3rAnj33p FYHCaam6yy X3M3,3H H3pHH4A)C3H A1nFyyrl4 TYLLM3R, LU3pl HHH HOeH, CYnIa3H T3Hf 3p T 3pryyT3H T3HF3pHAH 6Y,9Hbl ca,DaH Yn13M>KHrHH H, XYLITHHH fOyH 60IoBLI xyypmaF 30XI4HFHyHH YfinC3,'p T3Hr3pRl3r 3LU3F, 3X, XOBFYYH qyynjraH C3JIT3C 3H3 OpHOO Hp3FTYH. 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XaMraac OH1frOH X3HTHH xaH 33p3F 63px X3Lyy eHHep.Iev 14x 3H3pn33P XyJIU3H 3OXHO)K, rnaHryvqa 30HXOBbIH XaaH yynI T3pryyT3H acap OJIOH XaH YyyJblH laaar4l-HHH HIHT Ial-UHH, H3H ec apBaH 3yFT Ji3JTh3p' XaBTraH ,133A OPOHa OPLICOH 6aaTap aarHHac 6onoH qaHq cyjaap, TapHHHH CaHH enLMHH 6aTjaaa XapHnTryH caxHFr' 3X, TaHraparTHbWr TaxHH, 3OXHCT 6yXHHWir WIaIlIHbIF 6api4ri j33,a TepeJIXTHHH carHaA. Wlap XyBparHHH aHMar 6o0HoH HOMJIOJI 6yT33JHIir apBHTraH 30XH0. mjaHry5Ia 3H3 3YFHHH OPHOO Hwnr3p L]araaH 3yrfHHH T3Hr3pHHH A3FYYPbWF caxHH T3Tr13x< EPTOHU HHHT3Jq 6o21ooI H3H caMyypajl, 3yA TypxaH, xynirai T4HB311T xap 3yI4HHH iHynjaMCbIH M3FyypbIr Mexeex H1,a Xy-1HT Epee.wryii eB'11HH xHK4r, xqMpan 933p3M 33p3F 4HHHF4C xaaHbI M3Ha3JIC3H OpOH iHX T3Hr:3p FyHgCaM6yy xeHeeJI 3C rapaa, LJHH CY>KHFT 3X xeBryyH, 3apjiFHiHH 3nJ'i4HHH '4yyJraHblF carHa3 EceH )KOpbIH yJI 3oxH1JIaoX OHUlxy-IlHp 1or y panJbIF 3YHblaIaa M3T aPBHTTraw xaiipsa. 3JR 6asuri4iHu XHI4HF 6yAH, Hq33 yHaar MaruiHa aPBKyyncaH Ep caB HIHMUHH 3 3pa3M TaXHJI Hexea C3J1TYYa D3JJT AayyHbl T3Hr3p, XoHHHbl T3H13p, ba5marmHHH T3H13p, JaI4H OJIOH 614,R 6yxH1H4 T3HF3p OFTXOH T4 XYMYYH 6a XYMYYH 6yCbIH xopJIoJIoop yJI rapTaau x3p3r 6yx3H C3TF3JIMJI3H 6yT3E 3.rp3B uac xyp, xyH caJJxH, 'i4grU ayjlaaHbir 3PXIH33H YHnJUC3H O11noH caHacaH xamcaar 3OXHorFTyH. 3pXT T3Hr3p 'eTFepH14H U3prHHH -yyJIraHbl HpJ XYBHnJraaHTHblr OHo.JI )K33P yFyP 60,raHi 6yT33xHIH caFHaA OBqHH Xyy'-4HFyH 6yAH Terceep aMH4H HacaH 6aTaas y'pafi, 3,alHHH xHrL4 apHBgaH YyKHM OpOH ra3pblH 3H33yr3T liyxar xamaaTag eHe) yni 6apargax eceH XyCJIHHH 6yAH xw41Hr T3pFyyT3H Yyn OBOO, acra xaa, HaMar HIHp3F, 3YJI3F Horoo, oH Mc,L O'IyyX3H i 6yyplUryH caHH '-qyyJIraH )3J1r3p3XHHH4e43H34HF coepx. Ypri4x 6yprux pauiaaHbI iJiM, xaaHbI XOHF4JI, T3HF3p LUYT33H OpHex Tyc aMraniaHri4IH UOvT HTr3JI Ypraa yX3p qyjiyy, eH'IH4H MOA T3prYyT3H OHUbIH X3pyra )KaB3aHwaM6blH 33pF33p ee0enIcHeep 3apjiHFHHH TYLM3JI M3T Ypcran Terc roj FOpXH4, HYR3H 6yjiar Oop XyBH.TlraaH 6HM 6yXHiH4r eaoep I-1eHHH4 UaFT YHgapMan ueepem 6yp, Hyyp ycaH 6yniar T3pFyyT3H OpHbl i4X T3H13p-633p aBpaXbIH xyTar OpLITyFaH. Yyni yc 6yx3Ha opLUooa 3PXH133H xypaacaH OFT yji aniracpaH caxHH eJI3HH XypMacT T3Hr3p, JIyCqFrHC, JqaniarH 3M T3pFyyT3H t XYMYYH 6yc uIX Xy HT X3Tr4HHC3H OMOFT 601uoc HXal4HFr XYCnIHIiH TaBaH 3pa3M Terc apHycranaap carHaA. ToBi4w6ooc 3H3 ra3ap OpHbI 3H3 3YFT opL0ooj, Toii.iox 6a 6ypHF4friaaa, xamcaa 6onoH 3OXHOX 100 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA H4X XYP33HHfII,OPBOH YYJI ypc4ar. T3,jrvp3wc XaiiJaacTblH ron0, 5IpraFTbIH roj0, t l4IHr311T39i, C3X6HiiH FoJnI 3OpHy21caH OJIOH caHixaH ,Zyy Jynj3rF 3OXHOIIK33. 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LHiri4c xaaH qepBeH yyJblF Hap 3eB 3pr3)K XaH yynl, ArBaaHrIpHHjiagiKcaMuaac CoHvHHoxaiipxaHbI CaM C3p?KHM 3OXHOH COHF4HO xaiipXaH, SaAH3ypx, LU3Hr3IT3H X3M33H H3pnJ3C3H Hb UeM xapjiaXblr XyCq33. T3F3x3, Hb ArBaaHIp4HHjai>KaMLl T3p eHAep xap yyn- y-IHpTaH 6aiwK33. YYH33C eMHe 3H3 ,iepBeH yyJblF XaH rapaIH (XaH yyJI), I4X ;jOFIHl4H yynI EOM 6aiiHa. 3H3 YYJIbIH 333H Hb xex yx3p xe1erCeCeH, ApcIiaH (CoHr-1Hoxar4pxaH), JIyy (U3Hr3JIT3ii xaapXaH), bap (BaAH3ypx apaa coeo Hb 3epCeH, apxl4 HaH4Ha 300FJIOX AypTaii, auixaBTap xex eBreH yyJT) F3>K caBaaraap Hb H3pjV3>K 6afcaH 13H3. MI4HFHC xaaH ApciiaH 6aiHa. Iac 3apiM yeq UIX L[3prFiH HOeHbl 6aianTaia 60JIAoF 14a 11 WT39i CaB.LaFTaA xa pxaHa 51BK 6ai!Tan apcniaH apxi4pax lUlF ayyH rap', xag eBreH 6aiHa r3W anjiaaaua 33pX caHirHi4H CyapblF 3OXHOCOH r3Jr3r. acra HypXK, H4X 33HI14 eJIMHii, TOM COHrHHO eHxEpI Hp33,4 TOrTCOHa yr COHFHHO xai4pXaH yyni Hb MOHFOJTbIH 3pT 3ayyr33FHiiH Tyyx YYJIblr COHF1HoxafipXaH r3X< H3pJI3C3H aOMoFTOi. 3H31IJI3H 6ycar yyjibir COeJbIH aypcrajiaap 6aiar- Yy2IblH H3r 6o0mHO. H3pJI3C3H ,OMFyyATa9. TaiiJi6ap a: "HHrH3wr3iTH caH TaxHJi" X3M33X 321 MOAOH 6apblH cygap Hb 6orHHo aBH TOBW TOAOpXOH EOM. L1I4HF3JIT3H yynI Hb YjiaaH6aaTap XOTbIH ymap 6ue, opLmjor. Xyp33HIii Taxi4ira ILUYTJI3rT 4 yYJlblH H3r 6ereeo X3HTHii XaHbl OJIOH can6ap yYJblH H3F IOM. 3H3 yY1blF HOM 3paMiM4H iiaraaH eBFeH caxHYCTaH r13)< HOM 6wHqruiH XYMYCCI33,UJ13H TaxH)K IHIyT3)K Hp4K33. 1'14HH3JTT314 yy aHa lIx UypxaHT, Bara bypXaHT X3M33X XOep yyJI 6yi. HHH131H T3ii cani6ap yYJblH aM 6yp33c o03oH rojn, ropX, paiuaaH 6ynar MOHGOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPIIBOfl 101 THE FOUR HUREE SACRED MOUNTAINS Information on the sutra: *4R!\\e,xR14AC1la fVSM b %SE The text describes the four sacred R &' t'M ; 2 n mountains surrounding Ulaanbaatar, v | Mongolia's capital city once called K , Urga. The mountains are Bogd Khan ;..' 'Y'l j '{' Mountain named after the traditional t .i 4 1 ruler of Mongolia (South), Songino Khairkhan Mountain (West), Bayanzurkh Mountain (East) and Chingeltei Mountain (North). -; Each of the four sacred mountains has 1 z z N an individual sutra. However, a fifth *4r vl\ `4; w; "l q;4A;;\r5 sutra is dedicated to the four mountains f u as a group. * -Xq-k:_P-' v,-w. w 102 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oJI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cx >, X z_; ' <: ~~~~ ~~1_-W4C Tq9 i 7- _ = rL4P r uSQlqY s 5 , ffiq _ / 1~~~~~~~~~~~~-- i 4 s\ ' f^~~~~aktve4lxci jXasslqrw4tib§ gctewg;ecrgz*SvSqerS MO AI TI- __LL - V C% BO 13 ffi tts *MbiN+vtt~~~~w0t8itvsvq .~-' f ,._ ., r ._ Ji-l MOHFOAbll I TAXT/AFAT YYA YCHh)l CY4AP OPLHIBOTz1 103 VIIODNOW JO SiLIS UJUIDVS bOI IN 8.D2 A.<.12h E.&A>Jsi¢I habibS. X e MASl2k.bh I.e - @t\2iibiti. -r- - - - - <_ Ilk~~kz Lldbtk -b.tLa _ . 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XYH OpOJIUCOH UUfM TOM TaxmRra MOHroIbIH 6ycaa HYTarT 6apar 60niooryu AnTaH OBOO HbgDapbraHra CyMblH T0B1UHaZ3pr3,q MOJIIOF 3JICHi4i 60nIoB yy. ymapT 3axaq (3.y. 11030'50", x.e. 450 21') opuimUo. 3pTHHHi COHOCOH 3H3 AJnTaH Iapb OBOO Hb 0Op14rF Hb LUyT93F HYTF14HH XyH33 xaaHa q ranT yynI 1349 M E)H,qp a>K33. 1923 OHbl H3r y,aari4uH Taxi4nrbIr y3C3H 3IBaXa, Tyc aBpaJaa xypr3,a3r Tyxai4 IA0HryHa0M0f-T014. A.3p3H4HuHr14AHgyp,aaTranlblr TyyXtI JI.KamcpaH T3M,a3FJ3CHU4Ur y3s3nI JapbraHraac F:)apyyH 3yya iaBiunaH CyyXc 6aficaH H3r niaM XYPnbIH TaBaH rap CYP3P4HH4u ,a 6yp H,j33 LUOHXOp, 6aHi ILaHr ypba agmu aBll OFICOH. )KaAr 30pqtIuX rxcryu, 63p33,qyyni3x 6o0S>K33. F)3p33,aYYJIC3H xyH aMbg ynMz3Y ,IAapbraHfblH CyM X14rAHfiH naM 6yp OBOOH ,Z33p oqmw)xypan XYPCHbl aapaa Hb XOBOp 6ag)c. F3cryAir 63p33F33 aanailmarLu ,yraHbl yygn3p caapani moph OpnIou M3pF3H XyTarraa,3anicaH. Hoe, OBOOHbl ypayyp, M3pF3,a XYTaFT Hap yHacaH, uKaa 6apbcaH XYH OpK u4p33l F3CryuH cyrafi uKaaaaTyniraXbirpaajia OBOOHbl 6apyyH Tan U4X HacHbI MOpb ypajmyynviK, 6ex 6apH.,wyy-war 6aficaH. TaXnRFbIH Toercroenu 6aggar r3wn3. TYYH3.3C xoiu p,apblnaHYblH iaMblr 63p3qA,-)x3: 60JnbCOH m3a31- AnTaH OBOOHbl 63nw 6afiiAaF rYPBaH 3aMbIH ,j33,q TajiblH 3amaap Hb naM Hap, ,JOMrMkr HYTF14UH OTreCYY)lA spbar. ARTaH OBOOHbi 33HHA XOPFrHFr YpbTI gyH,gaxaap Hb xapElyyn )A33,3amaapHb 3m3r-T3n4yyu 3iB3 ropoonLAor 6aucaH uar-T HYTFIAH aHnR 6yX-3H Taxilw 6auicaH 6a yr 33HHUU yp 3yprHurFcaHF14i! a)K33. Cy,ApblH 3X31HA H3H TOaOpXOiU YPCR3H erYYnJC3H 6yH. T3H)j oryyin"x33 AnTaH MOHrOAblH TAXHAI'A'I' YYA YCflbl CYAAP OPLUBOCI 113 OBOOHbl 333H caxi4yncaH Hb 3pa3H"HrH LtaraaH XOen017TAH 3pa3Hl4fH HaBC aO,pBOH 3133pTA. 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Xamaa,qyynraH XYCJ1H4H TaBaH,3pA.3H3THHnH bac 3pTuar-TH3F3H 6aAH agjn FaHr-aH3PTA 3apu xyy 6aHlcaH Tyxail XaB3apxaIT aJnTaH yHgaaHbl TaxiHn YYHH4HF jomor 6i4.T-3p 3apLiXyy T3p 6aAHbI xyH moproaer 6YXbIF MOPFOXOOP p3X3,a XaBauawryi iam, gRam qyxar rypaB Hb Xy3yyr Hb MYJnT anrala) aniaag,oprooa aBq HpC3FW r3plfH 333H yypjiax XaHAaa, H0wHKH xamar 6Yr93,aXllrr3,3a r3p3C3c3xeow33.T3p xyy OBOOHbl Haazaama6api4njaa ajapb rqmr XOHbqHH Xamraac angapTafl MaHaiH )api4raHra HYMTRHH XyyT314 y3yyp TYPYYH)l ynM3) Xyq T3HIJC3H33C H3FHHMX Hb H3p4HHr OBOOHa, XaH T3Hr3pJYC HaHlmaHarlmarrTpreer33;jTaxHnbIFOPFOCHOeP raH HereerMHHHX Hb H3PI41r HyypaHa rCHE)eC CYYJIA Hb aapbraHra r3C3H H,3p 3y,U, XApyy MOH)JE)P eBqJ4H XH)KHr xgjn aM 33p3F yJI 30xHnjaox 6YXHHHAr YYCC3H MMH. TYYHLM3H 3pX3M CYPBans)HTq3FYYPbIH aapb rga)r xyy, FaHra amyy-Tra>K uarAH Xyp ar-raa 6yyK moa ypramanAjqnr3p:3,q caHacaH 6YXHHr4 r3,43r OXHHTOHl XyAC 6apHnAcaHaac yynioi3ooroo aapb,YC Hyypaa FaHra r3w 6YT3,3XIHr4FCOePX33. H3pH4HAC3H33C aapbraHra r3,a3r op yycc3H.Aapaa Hb aapb A TaH OBOOHbl DH3 HYTFr4HHaB-bAacnar Xyy 3OXHojnq, Apyy HaHlparq Fom6owaBblH 3YYH Ypq 63Jla T3AHn4AaypCrajW 3opHyjiaH H06H xaTaH xoep qynIYYH XOPOr M-3H,-ooeo AJITaH OBOO x3m3gx car4xaHpoMai,waa: "XYHHirTaHbX(m3,abe 6ocrocoH r3fg3r amlam)KcaH gomri4gr TYYXq JI.KamcpaH T3M,43rl3)K33. F3B3ni aaB, 33Xw, axaHU,yyc, xamaaTaH ca,qaH, HaA3 HOM14"r4 Hb TaHl4Xxgp3r-r3r 3,ar,33p aoMrooc y3-3X3,aaapb, FaHra r,3c3H x0ep H3pi4rr yynl ycaH;Iaaa IOM r3H9 n33. ARTaHOBOOr 6YP3H TaHbA r3B3JI,axaH;iyy amparca,AaHwa^ap X3pX3H erCHi4gr oryynXcK 6aiiraa aBq qyxam q1map rapanlTaii 60ojix Hb OJIOH yynI YCblr Hb TaHb)K m3,g3x x3p3r-rA 6Hn33 "(80-p Tani) r-3xK 6nHC3H 6yH. m3,a3ra-3xryAi 6aiwHa. T3pXyy TaHbuK M3,AB33C 30XHRTOH- OpQH1H T0O4pHbl OJIOH yynI YCbIr yr cy;jaPT MOHrOJI xgji3HA 6yy 33Bcri4RH LU3H3F XHHiX T3Cp3X 60,aHCblF H3PA39a3F ,aypgcaH 6atiar. FaHra Hyyp Hb XOHFOP, MOJIUOF x0ep XYYT3Aii XOHHO yp,aaa nlepc (,aaapyy) rapanTaAg apb (xyx3p) r3C3H H3r yr 6aHAarl4Hq 33p camrapAm F)aAHflaynaaH, JIYH xaipxaH 3,3p3r 6aaTap TYWlM,3JT3i!, IaHFbIH LtaraaH OBOO, X3JIH33C OpK U4pC3H "r.3T3Jnr3r 'q" 3C,3H y-rra 6yxi4i gapb (3x) cam. Taapaa U-IfifnHEH BDOra, aelll F)aAHroji, yyJI, ,)arull4H, ayyT Hyyp, Oprl4XbIH 6yniar r-3C3H 6ac M3r H3p 6aH,war. r33,g xaBb OptlHbl xapaa 6apaaHbi 6yxi4i ni ra3ap yc Hb AnTaH OBOOT014 ax T4HHr3T3JI qapbrai-ra X3M33X H3pHRH 6yp3nfw3xyyHi 6aHraa gzapb ,qyy, ypar ca,aaH, niaM XyBparHiH 6apwuianaraTaii r3)K HyTrHEi4HxaHq5pffniwar. OBOOHbl HMp149 3api4m cyx,aaaqHg ranlT YyJnblH OPrHnOJIT, gapb XYX3p M3T MOH EFY33P xyTarrbIH HyTar-ropLLix 30TOnlxaaH Hb XOn PrMJIC,3H)Iyy Hb XyqT39 g3Jn63P,3nT33C yyCql TorrcOH XYPM3H qyjnyyTar4 COHOCOH FanIT yyJI r3xw y3,a3r 6on aeXOMH4HH 60p ...... TOpCOHq,yy Hb r3,Zmr axc33. yqpaac 14AH li3pJn3)33 MWxY3C3H Hb OnIHbl ayHa H4Xa3nr3pq33. Ll,apbraHraa DH,a,yp,caH xiHHrng, caHFHEiiH cy,gapT,aaiipangawX 6aHlraa ra3ap yc TejMAHHr4 MoHronI HyTarT OJIOH TOOHbl COHe)CoH ranT yyni 6HHi 6oniOBq Hb )OMOr TyyT3H MHApHX Hb rapnibIrTaHnA6apjiaX H3r, c:)Ki4m 60noXc or,er. T3,ar,33pT Ajapb HMpTA yyni aaApan,aaxryr 6ar4raaraac y3B3Jn 3H3 OBOOHbl YYHT3H4 xoni6orqyy.TaH "gapbraHra "H3pMAH rapnIbIH TyxaHi TOWIXOH H3pMfi,qapb (XYX3p)-TaA xoni60x Hb YH3MWlHA MYYTarH M3T. eryyncyr3ir .,Aapbi-aHr-a F3C3H HMp Hb HYTF1HHH M3P, T3HA OpWHlH cyyrH ACTHbl TYYHqJl3H eMHe OryynIC3H "MYX3nFLr r3c3H yr33C YYC3JTT3rH 6aH;bK H-3p 60JnCOH awn3. mara,gryil Y3C3H Taamarianlbir 3apHm XyH a3BJIyynxf<33.14 Hr33)K Y33X q yIIHp ,aapb OBOO, FaHra Hyyp r3C3H 3113 x0ep H3pHHiH TyxarH HYTI-14HH apg xoni6orgon 6agHE maragryR. HyTri4rHXHbl 3aHLHnaap 3H3 OBOOHbl OPONw TyMHH H ayHAa 3nJr3pC3H aOMOF Apma q LIeeHryH! 6HHg. 3M3FT3H XyH Fap;ialrrYH Hb S4lapb 3X jiyr,33 a,MAHTraH XYH,a3Tr-3C3H x3p3r 6agHE 3pT Liarr 7warap opoH,a 3p,Eom HOM cypaa, 3pr3)K HyTarraa HpC-3H 60JI3011FyHi. H3)r3H XYH Fai-ra MOpHHHi paluIaaHbIF 3aiiXK aBqpAaa H4X 3JICHIIHl xopmok AapbraHra H3pHHH rapJIbIH TaJlaap B.A.Ka3aKeBffq, D.M.Myp3aeB3, 6YJICHaac XO)KE4M Hb T3Ha33C 6ynjar ycaH 6ypFHns)I Hyyp Tor-rcoHbir FaHra )K. l3B33H,BaByyaop)K, J.iamcpaH Hap eep eopHiHcaHajiaaa3BWWJIC3H 6yi. MOHFOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbl CVAAP OPLHBOrl 115 OJICOH Tyxaii rapiaar. )I133px yjLr3pT r'apH 6aHraa MHHHiH 6He "EapbraHra H3PHIH rapJIblH Tyxaii" r3C3H eryynji3 ,iapcaH60,jb XyTHHrF r3C3H H3pHHH FaHra Hb FaHra MepHHH H3p 60nIox Hb TOJIopXOH 6wiHw ..... 1940-eeo OHbl ye3CT H3pT ra3ap 3yH'l, 3p,j3MT3H 3.M. 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X4Hi33a, paB)KaM6a JlyBcaH6aiicop XOeyJTlH FaHra r3,q3r MoHroji yr 6noi FOJIbIH XeBeeHHHi )KaJra, FOJIbIH JIyBcaH)KHYM3-2JqOp)K LuarlKHHH F3J3H JYyBcaH6a21zIaH AaM6HHHiHM-633p HaHpyynaH ryiIb,aHpJIblr TOM'bCOJnLOF. aapb r3,a3F 6o0i MOHrOJI X3J133P T3C3p- ),i3J63pXq3f aypaarCHaap ", "Ca 6 6HqHB " F3C3H TeOCFeJIHHH yr:T34 "AjITaH OBOOHbI CaH TaXI4FbIH cyap 3y1'iHHr eryyJlH3. )apbraHrblH 1-ranT yy.JCbIH H3pHHF T3C3pR,3ji 3p,L3r FaHra aaH q y BO FaHra... r:)K3 3x13x 6eree, YYHH14F "Fa3pblF roji F3C3H yF F3)K TaHJn6apJaK 6o0iox 6ojioB yy. YH3H!ia33 JIaBbIH ypCrai 60JI 3HH ,Laa pH 6apir' (,Jaa pH)xHi4r33,3 FaHra MepeH...' r3)K yr'U13H 6yynraK qyxamxyy T14HM xaniyyH 6eree, xHi4 yH,jpyyTicaH rOJIbIH 6aMaJrTaHi 6aPiiuar 6apHvHHiiH yy,qH33C Ca 3HH (Fa3pblr 6apHrq)-1iir yyni 6Hw33. 14HM,L aapbraHrblH raJIT yyJIc 3PTHHH XyMYYC14iH ye, oprHnwK 6acHbl 6o0IHO. YjiaMxciaJ]T op'yyjirbIH opqyyn>K HpCHHHR xapran3Ban 3H3 Hb ,UIapb yyn 6o0nox a)K33. HHMa,,lapb F3p'- Hb MaHaHi ye XYPT3J] ,aaMccaap iipC3H ra3ap 3yHH H3pC IOM " (36-p Tall) r3)K Hb "6yXHHHr 6apHrI4, eepTee 6apH4rL " r3C3H yTraTafi. -'-yBO FaHra " 6ytoy r3?K T3MA3FJl3XC33. r3,ZL3F Hb ,japb OBOOHOOC yparw 3JIC3H MaHXaH, OplllHX 3H3 6o0i COH4pxoJIToH caHaJi aBwqIjapb OBOO F3,q3r H3p XO)Kyy yyCC3H FaHra MOpeH yCT HyypblH H3p IOM. OBOOHbI cyjapT 3H3 Hyypbir MepeOH r3C3H 6eree,o,33p yCl4H4H H3p Hb 3aXbIH xap eHjep H3pT3A 6ariCHblr eMHe H3F3HT TyHranar 6eree, "MepeH X3M33X Hb ,aaaJla 6ojioi " r3)K "FacjiaHraac .ayp,acaH 61v133. 3ax 3aMWyy Hyrarr 6aficaH 3H3 raJIT yyJIbir Xap eoH,ep r3,q3r yqlHpTaR Herxl4rceH cyp.ap "(qOHbMHr,jafi)-,R HOMJIOCOH "r3)K HOMTbIH PUHH41HH 'TeBa 6aiicaH Hb )KHHX3H3 XypM3H HYJIYYHbIX Hb eOHeep H3pJ3C3H H4X 3pTHHH yeHHHX MOHrOJI TOJIb "-}aOO T3Ma3fJI3C3H 6aijar. HHHF3B3JI FaHra mepei r3C3H Hb Hb xon6OrFaOlnTOr4 H3p IoM 6ai-Ha. gJaiaii F3C3H yTraTaH 60nox Hb TO,Op'l, HyTr7HHH ap, 30H Hb UIIHP33T ryyuIIHHH opiyynicaH `YJIF3pH9H .ajia H" xoepqyraap ,gapyii FaHra 3H3 Y33Cf3Jl3HT Hyypaa ,aalaHTaH 3yHiPnf3?K 6aiicaH, 6ac yr CYRpblF 3OXHOF-I 6yji3rT 'T3Hr3pliiiH XOBryyH raHraiIapb H3PTHHH 3yH I" F3C3H YJIF3PT rapq wlaIHbl yJIr3p uajiH4r rap.aar H3pHi4r 6iuI3r a3M63pnHHH YyaH33C 6aHriaa XyyFI4HH H3pT3H xon6oH y33X 6yp3H yH,g3c 6aHiHa. Hb 6ypxaH F3pqHIDK 6afiHa. T3p yYir3pT: aBq X3p3rJl3C3H 33pFH14IF I4Hr3x.l33pUiapbraHra F3C3H Hb "FaHrbIF 6apm-'" F3C3H yTra 6yxi4ti 3pT uLarT yp XYYX3Jlyr4 H3r 6aqH raHra MepH14H XI3FraapT OpIU14X ToHHropyyjlaH yCrC3C3H H3p 6arlHa. I4HHxyy ToHropyyjicaH MaHb6a,qpaa r3.TI3rFlyT33H33C yp ryHcaH, XypMacTbIH 3apJHr4aap H3p FaHrazlap H3pHHF MOHFOJI yJIaMKcIaJITaH 6ac xojI6OOTOii. 3H3 OBOOHbI cyqapT FaHra HyypblF T3HF3pHHH XEBFyYH T3p 6aHHbl XaTHbl X3BJII4tMa OpK Maaiu y33Cr3J13HT3H Xyy Hb H3pHi4r eMHe Hb 6 ,apb OBOOHbI 3XH3p (xaTaH) r13C3H 6aiix TYJI YyyJblH 0JIOH TepCHE4Hi eryyjui3r. H3r3H IHHHK33q T3p xyyr y333,R XyyFH4E4H TepceOH opyyjlcHaap L1apbraHra r3^K HOHWynJ3H X3n3x 6o0jK33. WIaITraaHbIF 3Uir33c Hb acyycaivi 3U3r Hb: "FaHra MepHHH xA3raap aaXb H3r3H MOH-OJIbrH OJIOH anmapT yyn yC Hb uem ii MarTaaJITaI. AJITaH OBOOHbl T3Hr3p33C ryi4caH 6eniree 'F 3C3H,4IIHH)K33q, T3p xyyl FaHragapb r3C3H H3p amaap y2iMaKmnaFiUaH HPC3H 6onHO. AnTaH OBOOHbl TyXaM eor33. T3p xyy efaep xajaHaac xapaiH yHaBq 63pTa3r-ryA, MepeH roji, xapariH Mar-Taanl Hb eoroee MOHFOJIbIH 5ipyy HagparH", IHYI3F 3OXIoJI 6i4wqi4c, 3ypaaq ypiyya ypaH yHaB4 )KHB4a3rFyH, XOp HA3BTI yx,m3rryi ep 6ycbliH 4aaajTaH a)K33. 3U3r 3X Hb Hb 6&ip33 6mnyyJl3H xOperOFeIEc, XeF)KMH14H 3OXH4oJI-lH4 aM ,iyyraa epreceep eB xOpeHree 3aJraMKmyyjiaxIX3C3H aB'l xyy TYYH33C Hb T3pC3JnK 31J3CT bypxaH 6arliiHa ULaBb Opx TOHH 6onooa [4X HOM 3pu3Mg r3r33pLl. JaHHbI1 Hp)K33. 116 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ,aIapbraHra CyMblH xapb5iaT esre3H niam F)an,taHrHfiH )CyHaf4raac 3yHmmfHH aloynlbirjapcaH C.JIYBcaHHOPOB ryaHH O6HHHoK aBcaH "OBOOHbl MarTraaAn ("Cyx6aaTapblH 3ym6gp iiaraaH YYRTaH 3am ",1994, Ng926), TYYXHI J.)amcpaHrmfiH "aapb AJnTaH OBOOHbI MarTaani "aapb, qOfiKH4H OBOO MH4Hb (,aapbraHirbIH CYP3F XOWYY, YF), 1994) aKaqemi4qU.lj3p3HCOJHOMbIH 1966 Xocry4 AaFwl4H, )IyyT 6yniarTa r Ofwa apbraHFaac CYpsnPBSaAKiu)IPC3H ")Japb OBOOHbl mar-raani ",.MaaMbIH Xon6oo0 FaHra HYYPTaiH TFa3ap wopoo "pomaHRA 6yH MarTaani 60JnoH PaBx(aa XyTar-TbIH 30XUO0COH FaHraHacaH OJIOH MyByyTaHi r,3x "AnTaH Kaapb OBOOHbl MarTraan (F.JIOBOp II4JI TOBqoo 1992. N902) FaHixamLulHr- caj-xaH OpOH Ro00 33p3F Hb 3Ha TOJIHRYYJI> 6yH marTaaniaac 6ara 33p3r- qnraaTail 6aHHa. MHHHH AnlTaH Alapb OBOO MH4Hb 6me 1994 OHZj gapbraHraap ABsaxaaa HyTrHHrH X3,a X3Za3H XYH33C 3H3XYY ABpanT LHa>KHH 4l3Jn3pyynlC3H marraaJnbIr T3MZa3rJI3)K aBCHaa H3r-rF3H TOnnHnyynioK 6aHiHa. ApBaH rypBaH XHiWTAH CaH C3p)KIIM OPFOCOH CaHBaap caXbcaH xyBparyyUTag AJITAH OBOOHbI MAFTAAJI IllaBrn4T-r Hb YHIIl4>K LLaaFbcaH LUa)KHbI ojioH IllaBb HapTarl Borg ni )apb OBOO \1lIHb DPr3WK MOpFOX CyBparaTaHi FiOr,a 33H33C M3A33)T3rH Dp3r33iinprBblH OpOH aoo 3yyraac 6yycaH CYHTar-raH AJITaH gapb OBOO MH4Hb 3ypraaHaac 6yycaH uajiHHTar4 TaBaH rapblH am6acTaru BaH4HH BzOFqOOC JIYHj3HT3rH FYPBaH maRbIH cyp3r-r3g Ba,aaMJIAHxya Lu3L3r wi4FH TaHcar cafixaH HyTar MOHF()Abllf -rAXHAI~AT VYA YC Hbl C-YAAI' OIIIIB()2 117 caH C3pH14ML 3H3 yyJblH OpLIHH TOHpHbl T3PHJI3H TaBaH rapblH aM6acTaHR, FYPBaH MaJIhbH Cyp3rr3H F3WK rapq 6aH4raa AnTaH OBOOHbl MarTaan OHIJoF, eBc 614jr33p, aH aMbTaH, caBqaFa HaBqar roo Hb aapbraHraa Cyp3UtIHH 6i4i 6oncHbIF X33x( 6aiaraa x3p3r IOM. 3H3 Hb HIHH)K TeOneR, eOepOeMU H3F TOOqCOHFyH Tan 6yp33c Hb HapHH 6apyyH, 3YYH rapblH aayyqHbl cyp3r, 6apyyH, 3YYH rapblH T3M33qHHH Cyp31, y33M)K 33PFHH4H TyxaM Y4HpHHH apraap qpyy caAxaH RypC3J1C3H TyJI XOHbqHbI cyp3r 6oJIHO. MeH "ABpaJnT L[axKHH Ja3j-3pyync3H apBaH rypBaH a)KHiJiawK cyganJh, ypaH C3TF3JIF33HHR TaHHH M3La3X32a qyxan aq xon6orvo.nToiT TyypBHji XIH,T3H" rL3C3H OBOOH CyM, Mojiuor, PawaaHT, CeOeT, FyH xy,Laa, TabliH XyMyyCHHH 6aiirainb OpqHOO MO2aOH, XaTaB4, Xan3aH, lIx 6yniar, Beep, ereeMep, byRap, I11HP33T 33pFH1Wr r3,grWHr 3U3CT T3MJq3rJI3e. x3ji)K 6aiiHa. DXR133pHHH AOTpOOC xaMrHHH TOM Hb AITaH OBOOHbl xi4ri,l ron TeB Hb 6onix 6aibK33. DH3 XHHigHHH 6ypxaA Hb ,gapb OBOOr TOHpcOH yyn OF DARIGANGA YCHbl H3pT3H- 6aiicaH TyxaHi 3H3 HyTrHHH anaapT nIaMTaH arcaH I4Hj1ari ALTAN-OVOO JlyBcaHMarBa ryai qIpbqar 6aiicaH 6•U33. AnITaH OBOOHbI BaTharaaH CyBapraHbl eMHe Ta, JIaM xyBparyya CyY)K TaxHJIra, yHujiara YHJIA3X ycCT HyTr'4i!H caHH Xyyp'- Hap AnTaH OBOOHbi Information on the sutra: The front cover of the manuscript is marraanwbr asuwyynaH xyypa>K xypcaH OJIHbIF U3HF33H 6aqcra,aar 6aiigc33. adorned with a vivid painting of the "Borg )il apb OBOO MHHb, i|apb I40H)KHH OBOO MHHb" r3C3H naBTanTaap deity that is believed to be the guardian AJITaH OBOOH4OO xaHaaH eryy.nc3H 6aRaiiaaap 3OXHO4FRCOH 3H3 Marraajn this ovoo, a man-made sacred LIJapbraHra Map3aHg 'i Tycranaa oniD33. T33HA: deity of YM Map3aii MaMHi cyyxaa mountain or rocks and stones. The Altan Ovoo is found on the north- AJITaH qapb OBOO MHHb epuIee sand dunes in 3yypTaa caAH Msaapai em edge of the Moltsog Dariganga soum, Sukhbaatar Province 3yyrHiiH o40H)KHH epUIOee near a dormant volcano. LIaHAaa caiiH msaapaii and is located The ovoo has a golden-topped stupa, ex- ,Iainaii naM Hb epIOee plaining why the Altan Ovoo is some- ArnH,aa M3HAq Baapai Golden Mound. AJITaH Aapb OBOO MHHb epmee times known as the traditionally not allowed YM Map3ag MaMHA cyyxaa r3w 6afibar. Women were on which ,4apbraHra HYTFHHHxaH ernee 6yp uai cyyHHii a33WK33 epvexOee to climb the sacred mountain was prohibited. Large crowds "A1TaH OBOO MHHb epulee" r3x CYCJ13H 3an64HpaaF Hb x3B3mUc3H 3aHInuHn hunting of up to 70 000 people were involved 60JIHO, HIiiHXyy AnTaH OBOO eTfec H5mxacbiH aMHbl yHumara 6oncoH Hb and )KaHpaAcHrFHiH 3ypX3H TaPHHTaii yTra gyIx IOM. in the annual gatherings around the ovoo. 3H3 yyJlblH caH, C3pKHM xH4Ar33Ja MarTaaTibir 6ac 3F3J )KHpHHH ap, celebrations tradition was revived in the 1990's OJIHbl C3TF3JIa33 3ancaH AITaH OBOO, LaapbraHra HyTraa 3pX3MJI3H xaiipna)K, The after the celebration was prohibited HLyT3H 6H14LHptI HpC3H c3p3XyA, M3Jqp3XyAH Hb OHFO, XHHiMOPHiir 6aapaacan ,ipyy gyyjian r3J1T3. from the 1920's. 118 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ~~~~~~~~~_.f _ .4__ 11 - -r i...... -q'n _t- ',I" f ,_= - l i - C trL.. Dg Z;6 z .qN sd $ r^ X 1S>$9 EN / < &5j ;t@4v dl ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~IA r..-- - - - 5-' - ' -75~ -- ,, r y4., j, OM J4 , ¶ J C-. !4 11Cj J... og ) - ''.a -74 9o +4 Ss ;< n.,i 3rS4RCZ ^sZ, :A J j) P6 ~^, Zt ^s'Sa 3 ^rL 44< r.< 5&- o'k i'' -4 ~ Ij ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I7La ~ ~S1 MOHFOAbIH TAXMAF7AT YYA YCHIbI CYASAP OPLHJBOIM 119 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7f % l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- --. -AwWr---^ -afl f4 iI i 4 t 1di~AMueA ntYMvLiw1GI { f4mt'V~ i ;n#1I? aw rA4i&Acu4j1 & 3CJ 3 ' N ( t$ Z £1& I) 91 ;j tj a H 4 'J ! f ' 4 4 .t .J 5 E D S I T E S O F ~ P - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~l1M O 2 N G0 O LI AS A C R as t fflj, s~q 1 %JL§d *JnJ45*J I.q4W1Th jc1 ~tZJ~ 4' { L Z5.$VL~LL%L%U L--C 1J JZJ¶1 1 ~4Y.91 w 1._, - I I .l -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 iJ ~ 120SCRED ITESOF MOGOLI IZT J y',v. __Iv rp -. r. . rr 9 6:;0 I P- "5 _r - -t-- - j -.Irvrrt erUn.l.11wzrr, r4,m -- iflJ.L.. hLCl,FIt turr,rZu N)- . t 1tX rL rN.7&t'4rijfrrnrirriŽY r~Vtaite Ynr7 Iis A41b4 40O \WIrM :K.Yjpie riz,rtC: 'rz I~r- 5rlr ¾ r ~ A Y u ~2 h w A ~ J-~h GP i & mi r.W I I- . - ' . - . .- _ . 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S~~Ai ._ A...... - '; - E3L1r~~~~~:.&41 -~~~ 1 ~~~~~~'kA~~~~ ~~fl~~fI ~~~J-~~~ -i ~ ~ ~ J £~~~~'~~ ~~~ ~~ ..1ii : .JZ.NJJAJ, I 1 Z(ULl*4Al XU.'] i ! 11Ia & 5> '2 P~~~~~~~Lrl w? an2: . 3z5zIvi lj-5 tzn zia9.3 n ir~YAMZ4|",4 -g; PO 1 >841A 1qa; . n1;4zrd, il . ;'La + Jat*j i\ulxH!illl#Z3>nJainW4np?- 7 O I-H*4T AT YvA YCiFCI CA OPLLO BO'1 1234123 -* -, .- 'I ,4;6~~ zi 7_A: .4 :i J F q J :l? r. A z. ' .s'pni&U I'ls L44 tn'' .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- a,... ,L , 4 IL K' __ |P>5qxFts^p3o\yet#B^5D45F> >'RS'ffl'Mk '!fl9 y'qFll Z8g|8a55nwqk Wo1', Ss {1? r 0' 40 q |t l'MA \'tX i,L%t -z-8a.1 q .aani trV. .xE-. {|rM' II t; A TA r.A -,J Y Ws.j 1u-I'I . A' .. MOHI'OAE71H TAXItAFAT YYA YCHhl CYAAP OPLHBOn 123 VI-100NOVW SlLIS ThIDVS tZf depdAXkur tecd)kk HuAdrrix FII1UhHl3MHM3 od•Xir liC HHMMHAX H03a doJo HIHIHC3 RrJis sot HWHHHtcdc AMq hlrLX WXo 'mdrx XH H!LIACIA - '; -' IICikg OCCHccdc X4 HC3tAA occwAdxg HHHhIHdpy drEs XI4 HHOUJLfCO Pi_ xredX Odt lxHmHP 'HBIXHP)K do ' *riXturunuXL idrje ueat idAAEA HO3 TChCL'CJHXuY .rC at I 7 1'lwkp itbi qwr~: Pr'.' VA YtnbnA.ui HPIfXXVIfHIdr,g dcce-HAXCrIfwHAyN XcPtrPLH HCJHCTII HcidK\wxJH lclicinx Dv bf . .- .a 300ded tccukdCJIfCt HCWNHh drnnunJHiXJm HO TCCJIHHX HVI WC HOHIXOC tiucJico wNX01 icir)kc PqdX orrdv3Jlr HIqdPHeHh Ho10ooX drm-(Hrimnede) z &i47Ab.tttn .,lI4'Ib t i fVlXgPX9P H133PIOXIIdE drvHrHdri HHIIHIUAA :qH qdRXo Imtoq. , 'HAJIJCItH>K node HPLrIIL3Ht drrdi•w HuresdXE > 1 .bWtu1 tv tr7.ltp,e 7.bII lnr77 I HHHHdPIj LJC3A HnriJdX tel3rIiV Htr04'IcClJTc9 HbIfhEJ7P2Lffl HIqdPJ HnHmc HAXCEX JHHHiAIUdCI hlOOlIfO9 dccjHHWIfCWI te HHHjRdPjHPI 'HHTMq9 EMXi'e _. 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ABax r33X, T3BqHx aBax AinMaa H3r3H C3TF3JHH4H TeAHHAypacHaap q A,arH4J 33pr3MwiH4F TOUpyyJi[aH y3yyJ33 AAH.aa 3ynI M3T rHHryyji3H 6YXHHiir 3oxHoroo, AAI4Baa yryHCr3JrnH4H MepIfHF HJIT3JJ 60oTirOH IjiFyyrqa 33J jiyraa 30XHJInaOX iuH,H4fr coepxorq MOHrOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbI CYAAP OP[IIBOfl 131 5AzaM, 6ypxaH HyyjlraHyyU2bF enJ3HH XyTar opm. bOJIOBCpyyJIaH F3T3JrJ3xyfiH CaHH MOpHAF 6OIIHTOH y3yyJl3x 6ypxaH CaHcap HHpBaaHbI alOYMHI1HFT yHJIC33C CariTap F3T3J1F3H aBpan epreea ABHp, yi3M)K caHH 6yHHbl A4HT a33Jq X3M)K33JIUIryH XyypMarryi 4yxarq33JR FYPBbIH XyTaF oJn3HH OpHiHX 6oJITyraH. YpHHlaHcaH, XOpnOn TOTrOp T3pFyyT3H Y.nMaap 6apuaa, aablr YHC3H TOBpOr 6onrorq XyqMH Tere)CypB3fIryH eBepmeu taHapT )133 T3Hr33p HXr33JI3HFI4H4H eJI3H4 XyTar opiu. ,U'3Bpyy XHJ3HTH4H 6aaiiaac 6onox XOOCHblr yHnJI3X a33)q XOpT HOMXOTrOFaXyyH 60ob 6yT33JIHfiH apraap XH'4i33flryi eepee 6yT3xHiiH xaHapTaH X3BU3v HeX1HHH t yyJIraH aaj1arH eJI3HH xyTar opiH. Bag xHHF33 3aJi6a-raac WOF X3M33H eFYYJDI eJI3H1 eFyyJICH33p 3UCH1H t HM3r 6o0JoH yf4Iia3x 6o.noii X3M33X aapbraHFbIH OpHbl (HaB,aaHi4H) 33H11H 14Jn OHOJI, 3aIiiiara, xaHraJI, HaMaHqnaIi, aypaaji, copHiro, 6aJHH, cauanI, MarTaajl, 3pxw33Ji, coepxoji, eJI3HH eryyJ[3xyH C3JITCHHF XyBb 6yp3n.iayyji3x 3H3 M3T H3r3H X3p3FrT3H X3M33H 3pa3H3 M3pF3H XyTarTbIH XyBHrJIaaH 6He J1yBcaH)I HFMHAaOPW xoeyjl AypqarmcaHa IarDKHHH F3JI3H JIyBcaH6ai,aaH,jaM6HHH4MmiorJaiiHaMxHj6ajicaH60-633p HaHpyyn6aH. 132 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA API B0FA YYJIHAA APHYCrAJI, TAXHJI OPFeXYRA ECOH XYCC3H X3P3F OOPOOH BYT3XYf-- X3M331j3X OPHIBOH- Apu bovjF yyJI Hb FOBb-AJITaiiH HYPYYHbI 3aXbIH TOM YYJIbIH H3r 6eree4 TyyHHH OPF4JI Hb 2447 M e(Hgep I4x6aAH yyJI r3)K ra3ap3yEIM 3pJa3MT3H IMI.allargap 6arIII TOaOpXOiiJDK33. Apu o0F4bIH 3YYH Y3YpT qyjlyyH 33BCFHi4H yei4HH 6ara)K 33BC3F yHi,93>K 6aircHbl yJI mep 6arigar. MOHrOliqyyg apuIbir apHyH ypraMaJI r3?K y3Ja3r 6ereeg 3H3 yYJIbIH ryH xaBisiaap 3H3 ypramaHi ypragar TyJI 14HHHXyy H3p ereH a>K33. , '_ . ARTS BOGD MOUNTAIN - - ~~~~~~~~~ T Information on the area: The Mountain is situated at the edge of the Gobi Altai range, its highest peak -in, MA M reaching 2,477 m. Uk __il_;_t______'!_-' The mountain is named after the Juniper trees covering its slopes. The trees -=- called 'arts' in Mongolian, are considered sacred. 77' r-- -- I I Q'!1Baqqdq4pa! ,, ; -A MOHFOAbIH TAXk1ArAT yYA YCHbl CYAAP OPIJABOHI 133 VI-ODNOW 10 STHIS CUTIDVS J4J ~~~~~*~~ri•~..e 4eN'b.b~~~~~~~~J*~~~bbL ~~~~ I ~~~~~ihj lMi.,t p |1 I& I~~~~~~~~~~~ = lh.tt ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . - c ~ 11-v6%~~~~~~~~hi'ml~ ~ r ~u t 6-L, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ APIJ FOFa YYJIHAA AP14YCFAJI, TAXHJI OPFOXYA DF33ptl caHacaH X3p3r C3Tr3niIlJ3H 6yT3XHHfH 3pXH4H YfinClIAF 30XHO. ECOH XYCC3H x3p3r OOPOOH BYT3XYf4 DHA3X OpOH ra3apT XyH majnbii xm>KHr, eBqHH 3u3cnl3A X3M33F,q3X OPtUBO4 DC--pFyyaaRaCHbl afoyn, xynryafiv33p3m, qOHbIH XOp XeHee3n XHHrF33, Dp;13H3T Mani CYPFlTAH rap3, vaH raimyr, XOpXOH IlHaBbWK. X3pyynl 01n3HR XHLLIlHr TOFTCOH 7)p,a3HUH4H 33;- OpHOOC ypyynl OFOO9MOP 3H3) OpOH XHlrF33,a 3pXTHHHi OpHbl H4X T3Hr3p 3r 33ptl ynj xyc3xyA i3px XOHEenuHrPi xoLupooiryPi amyycra)K 3x, xyy, FaqRaaj,,JOTOOa, TYLUM,3J, YHJltlHH XHfiF33,T xaHpja. DpX3T HaHimaH ahmar, W14BRaarH4H HOXOa 3H3 OpHOO 3anipaFTYH. CynAE XHH4MOpb 7lOpOf4TOH. 6yypaXblH F3M 6yxHHr4l OMHHr4H OrTOPFYHR TaTcaH COJIOHf-blH IYHA Cyp XyqHl4i! OMrOE)p TYPF3H 3yyp apiinraH YHnA~339R E)ep OE)pH4H ayp ecoop OpI11lHH caaTa)K coepx. ApcniaH, 6ap, xaHrapai4, niyy, 3pj3M Terc a)KHaA xjener CamagH TapH11, MyTpblH T3mgr-33p aag4CTi4HancaH AMb, 6me, XyBb TaBi4iaH, XlHUMOpb CYngHHIrja3r)K33 CagH LuyBpwiryiH paLLiaaHbl Taxim, 6aniHH, >KaHC1F CynIA XHHiMOpb l!HHH FA I;ypxaHbI wawl4H OPreOxHlH A3nrF3p3XHHiH cauyy amraniaHr-3,aR3X 6OnTyraHi. TYYHi4ir 6apHm-jj339 TOPOeIXTOHHH Hac cyya,3p YpTcaaq Cau 6acXOTojn qyyniraHbl uoroop 14JT3,acyp4gr xaHipja. 3o0Mayya TyyH33 OpLICOH LLap, xap HHiT XYMYYH eP 0eP44HHHX3M33X T3pFyyTH33P 3anipaH C0ePX. OJ314A 6yxH1H.. X3M,33X Mani Cyp3r-T,3pryyTH14R eBqHH xmKHr-,aa ToTropblH T3pFyyTH33P enRMA eryyn3H YHnCYA ..... X3M33C3H YYHH4r DpaM3H AIoynIT XOHOe 6YXHHHUFcaiiTap ami4pnyyniax xir33a m3pr-3HHOeH XyTaFT iaMbIH TaannJbIf-xaHraXbIH TYJI3anlbxafi 4BaanT eTen AnHlBaa 3OXHnIIOX HeXuei 6YXHH4HFC-3Tr3jnqn3H 6yT33)K xaHipna. TOHH paB)Kam6a JIYBcaHqOAHniu-633P HaHpyynicHbl 6MqH3qu Hb FX13H XapHiH T3,aF33PT OplLCOH XYMYYH XH4Hr33a XYMYYH 6yc 6yx3H JIYBcaHl4M3,a 60jono. 0Jn3HHi XYTIrH4H caHH 6yAH apBiHAaaF Xapi4nuaH C3Tr3J] 30X}lSATCOHbl MYT3H 6api4naniaraap OpW14rTYH. Xyp ycaH uyri aa 6yy)f- yp Tapi4a apBi4)aaa XYP,3Haa caHiacaH x3p3r Hb C3TI-3jlqjI3H 6YT3XHHfH 3pXHH YHnJCHHr 3OX140. Acap AnaHFYAStymap 3YrHHfH xaniXblH OpOH 3HU ApU )oru x3m 33x aniaap L10JbIF HOMOPCOH 3H3XYY yyJlaHjl OpLHCOH T3HF3p, nyC yj3M)K HX XyqTHYYafiHH MCfISrOAbl[i TAXHAI'AT VYA YCHMI CY_A t'P: .O 135 Ypba eMHe 3OXHOCOH LAFA FA3PbIH qYJIYY 3H3 Cyapblr 30XHoXaoo FHp,q14 /,llaFBal pHH6y"iHHH TaXi4JI1bIH CyZjpb[I 6ara 33p3F eepuIIeH TyypBiHCcH 6afix 6a 6w-i33'] Hb nlaM lla-Ba>KaBbIH /1870-1938/ ye,j 6aHicaH COH4B0H Bara Ya3pblH -iyIyy Hb 1yHqFOBb aHMFHiH HyTalT MOHFOJlbIH JOPHOU JIyCbIH xyBH.nraaH -ani /3.y. 1060. x.e 460,10 ' Opll4X 6avaBTapxaH yy.n. Anaauar CyNMblH Hui-aMLa a)K33. 3pryyJIF3H HA 60THa 6airaa 6ereeoo viyTalT 6yHi. XaMFHHH e1-eOp LU3F Hb 1751 M. 3Ha rap'] 6vii q3JiV3puor-I Yr caH Hb 3aBa JaIMbIH CyM6yMbIH XHHA1iiH FyHraaLIoii.lliH aauaHa xaurajiaul-I Hb TYYH33C xo:ryH OpiILU1X H3r )KIi)KHIX3H yYJblH H3p. 3H3 CyapblF 3H13 3X raHLaHT3FiI4HJHIH 6 6ac X3BJI3rFC3H Hb YsICbIH TeB HOMbIH CaH;i MOHFOYIbLH HX 6aHji4tra 3aBa ,aaMa1a HbI /1867-1937/ TOB)1I X3JT33p yH 6airiaa TenjHHFyfi DH3TX3FT cyM6yMaac aBi opiyyslaB. 6HHi. ,jafiI4HH 63HiCHHH XOLUYYHbi ro[n XHiH,L 6onox 320 rapyri iaM xyBparTaA 6aficaH j3JIP3pH4H HoI0pT aMbjpajiblHxaa CyyJIHiH XOPHH XKHJIJrI4 OR THE ROCK OF THE TEENY LAND 0HropyynC3H 3aBa aaMa1HH Hb cyqap HOMbIHXOO TeFc`e`ln eep4H1H H3p33 BAGA GAZRYN CHULUU JlyBcaHqaAiH ICaiiH OIOYT MOpHH4 yyH/, )KaMbAHxKeHBHHLU3HHHB /MaH3LUMp4ir' 6aAcrax 6yAHbl ca,aaH/ r3X'nJ13HF33p 6HYC3H 6au,gar. Tforlmration MOHrOjibIH HX FyH yxaaHTaH TyyXM, Cy,aap 6wwr`4iH Xyp33JI3HFHEH aHXHbl OMvthe sutra: This Copy is a revised and rewritten FlILUYyH, 3aBaJlaMarH Fr,1(KYTa94j oiiu)K,MaHb6ajapblH aryia Mepreer version of a manuscript originally T3p aFyHH TyxaiH 3oxHOnj 6H'lK33. Dpr3)K 14pCHHHX33 .aapaa 3aBa TaM1HH The original XOJI OHpblH OJIOH xHW4!a3,a ypujiraap oqlHxK .JIyH, BaH, XKHHaH TaBHX, HI-yTFHHH written by Girdi Rinbuuchi. is kept at Gungaachoilin yyJI yCbif apra,aa)K, nyc caBariHHr HOMXOTFOX 33p3FT 6He C3Tr3JII4HH manuscript of Gandan Temple. Another asnicaaJib1F ymapTaH 3YTr3)K HyTrHHH TaxHiraT 16 yyRbiH ca-i, TaxHnrbIH Monastery printed in India, is kept in the cy.qpbIr 30XHOCOH Hb CyM6yMA Hb 6yrA 6Hii. copy, Library of Mongolia in 3aBa jaMaiH Hb H3PT TyyXq 6aiicaH 6eree1, "XOPuOiiHHCYH", "AJrTaH Nationial Ulaanbaatar. j3BT3p" 33p3r TyyXHHH 3oxio 6H4qC33. 3H3Xyy CaHrH[ H cyApbIH Gazryn Chuluu mountain is TerCFeJIHHH X3C3FT 3H3TX3r, MOHrOJI 6ojiooa OpJaOCbIH HlaLI4iH coen, The Baga the eastern steppes of TyyX3H yIJI MABjaJTaH xon600Tofi COHHH M3A33 3aHrH rapq 6aiHa. bara situated on in Adaatsag soum, Dornod ra3pbIH ylynyy Hb eH,qep F3F33HHH yHji aMbapaJ-TaH xoJI6oo'ToIlr Mongolia The highest peak reaches T3MA3FYI3X x3p3FT3H. YiHp Hb Xanx, eeJn,M4HH caMyyHbI ye, eH1-2ep Province. 1,751 rn. The Baga Gazryn Chuluu site F`3r33HHH ap r3p, ax Ryyc, Xyp33 XHH,a Hb bara ra3pblH 'yJlyyHbl Op14HM to Zanabazar, the first HyyJa351513H CyypbLuHX( 6aiieaH 61'u133. is closely related During the conflicts 3H3 cy.Ipbi[ xyBHJbaHItOp)4( 61JaH3aHJopBKHHHaM OTFHHH FaalaHMM Bogd of Mongolia. Khalkh from Central xHaIHIbH xyC3lr T33F MaaHb x,HbI XOpFoH3aH 6aix4aaa aTHH rcaa T xaiH between the the Oold people from TeceiiIH XyC3HTap- 6aHHa.MaaHb xaxbHbrH OPaOx/xoHaala/ZaT3n[3pIaHH Mongolia and Western Mongolia, Zanabazar TOFCpT 6y rX. temporarily settled at the foot of the sacred mountain. 136 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA LAI kIOW1odO dVVAD IqHDA VAA iVVHIXVI H1qVOJHON ,.-1~ ~ ~ L I~~~~~~~~ - u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ AR, 1* -O-.h b, 6 1. M.'- -'- 71a7>rQ, L> +\1,> Y Lew a.glr>.jio.i t.hS\2ti 9h,},i|lteL.WF.. b . r. , V 2.\= J.99/;;,SI lirz) Y~.~ I YAŽ.V~~~se~~tI~1 ' z33 L3 ' '3 -. -.- 3 ' ' VI1ODNOW JO SIIS Ua4DVS Sf1 _i L. _ X%t _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ jt fii'SrtA 't-' -j ~'PE45;L '. .S~, . 19 .' j r <'; %rAtLtt: z \ Si-.%t-txUl |5.2^ ' X i i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LII|tt?Y!TM1l 4:i T 4 IL|AW~ dI t? w.2k¶E.I .Lb . ;5&Gt ttO.S-,> .<' n-t w LsULd B Ct%1h ^ ' ILIL: 4' Zt5 - IL .c- 'L .a -- 1.- e i2Li U 4- 4aleziZk-s§.U; -LLLSth2 tvttWatAB.tLS skMat Xib1-4b# .6274 - - 3^*jilsu.y!L1Lt. La .;tru Wbb.S -,- k;[ - ar- .. 3 ---- - --- v' - _a- ' - 1" -- - _ - 3 vv .- - L if~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. -- flS,9eli' l ri l -'V.-. - -iiop" i}_ Ci - LI 1 it tr~~ ~ ar w ~ -umr rA,6a'Ttf t'L. ._21et1s11&' I V * 1.bJ' ;et, tub.-,tt 4' a; j kt -; _r -_ L - Li -b - - a~- -. .-- -w -s44t9,ri:guG- tr - h-tf t LW;> *._.-h. * -~ .'- Il .z _ - A r b tMd...... '#bLLwe weL t4 L. t1i#e P'LSSLJ ,,wX rI 'l-rs ...... hA >. nt 1 -'YtL2S*;e'X,>.& 2 V' wi¢ 3r VI'-tUfti 1 t...... N ...... s nuh' r*-ai As3 s IL LI ';tz*,aaX^''§iuD |~~~~~~ tuE 4 '< tuei, ILv :e,ll'. ^ w.>aLL 1kt,k) t,,7...... 2 .-*U**...... U_ £3 . . . - . . LI . . . -. - 'a...-.-... 6fI OUfMdO dVVAD IqHDA VTh IVJVV1XVI HIqVOJHOW 7W r. t ' ,; . tgr'.'I a' , i , rL'erL r ,tr L.-,t-,r, r4 'C L;.c 2j? r-' La V2 kL ms < Ngt2 iW, > B7r ¢ r 1- r7 >2 7t, l; 6 72 '-2, 't~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ L .~ANhzbLi r4.Pr.7Y>rl76 ¢il_rr B * rdP-.*r. r-t r<| 7S1lr-r:.-- r -, iX.'r 4 Lrt auP.?6 f -.2 t,< 6 '.-vr L;9 rt ,-'22n ` -2- rg79S**U I 1 "6>tfi2elt>' 7|L-it ; 7L7 s 1^riwQ ~tlz-rr-rr+| ) . 1>~~~~V7&e! rtn LF ' rv re' 2 I...... r.;1. Jlretl; 7i4i,-. 1_ tRfri@7A\ | P'...... L 6, tu>.lfq 1: t, I4tft r.9te>ttt%7e ;' i Kr '-1J'-;l ,rn'r _t'vjtF L _ 6>7<~~~~i io' r-rR.LAN zt-f rf4 6F'7';tS rtb & t>2 * >B t<7 te L .2,]t> te. ,S Q 6^\ I |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r ,&4t.,L't I'" L r'2 rn rEw ,tyth.? La 'r t Ni ,'ti -20r%nE rt, ru, ,M, L Ll t A -' U.'S*rt...... t6Sl w -rur...i'e..Sl 4 r _k:;F~~~~~'L _.,W.. 4t2 , 3it%.r~',> rv6. .LT? ~ ?'fir teKA&f _ v .v~ ntg Ii rA,- .lvr __r~~ U .Y.a.' L r l ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - L, .'2 9r,-E'ry t L 2,;f reRt rs7'N - r.f rrJ Ar2 t,' Lt r!re rtltter2 EVr s 7vw.et 7>F t;1l>,7F~t +71+Ff7t ell - ,rw74'7jlrere~~~tLR, EY>f .,Yj C le;t2lf r#ter4l Esrte',;- 7l-4 $ r2 1 f rr7efj 2q 42 X;v ttl ty eFrle 6.7r l. l t. V N!st t.7r' 7i',AA - 'r I L WetEr r . :' .,6 ttfre L.'2 u l tR' L a! ter .97 rAF' i>.t) L Lt -h'i6F'rbmtbs r MW illL r;ht .'atreSrt -t t$ivt75f,Qb rti L%i&'rrt4 ve> utetyr-etwt¢v LLrfs .64 .. tv2i atbf'tt t9ttrltEuf tv lt lr 2 8 trfZlc 4-ilh _. VIIO9NOW 10 SIIIS CI'DVS Obl VEE)Hid imr i^ ibc o HV '3XHX130 nedomE i1owo 'hJCJlCL jlqWOH VCCEU -xdzaoz Hudum E)E)JV CCHtCdHM CHC HDOO0X JE)IfOX HUHNM HHHMCJCTIH VCCJHHX WElf HHHXdEcU * ^ ^ ^ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hg'eHrd73'XHP JHHJHifdLF tlXH HHHTICCV If0LOX ItHXV a01 HHH)H HbCCtNCWX XCEIf JHIfH9 US9 ^ ljqo,i1XV0 HHdclHCI HOOhJOH oooiooadoX VHvd H^lX jr OJOHOEiu 'HXWHXIL CHcvdC HUudil IrCCt lEXXh wrif i4moifdSoX IJ14MWUX14J HPOIfXii4v9 duelfkX HEVEX 1HVifxavN diD^ lvdsHV UOU VHodo CHC HP0,WlUN HlqIfOJHOW HHHli£ duwi uXXdLD IfCVJCO&qcvifc xoerorex IqHVpqdi-H dvoHuD Hoilmdo HMfhHl03Jl:149XX YAH IfCVjCEA HHHE4lfCjLZ qXiXlPjHu Hi4xA XVI3KVg JISHLJ1tIV h HLOl 14LXXL OC CJlfC9 HmOdvTIP H14,xodoi 'iAxtUcdki cCHdAq XCCEWCX KVVVVH H14HUC1HCt TtHCEC IqHVX duulu HlqWOH HvolX4Hdu OL'73X H"H14ICCAliS CCHXiq 'HO3j XCIIJ UHXVj 'IfVal4qUVE ^ ~ ~~ WA;>< LA HV3MdVVUV HECCWCX kkILh HlqdEVJ 1VJVI Hi-iPi7aifiuoi4V dcceUco HHh)XX HHHHCHX HmudXE£ jeVWCI HlqdiXw iHdvl H,eL,dXc cired)x w,Xx'vP Lmdtuos ov-e-rwx ur zexjde WA HOIfO9 vvLH-eadXj J1414Hd-ei H1UU4HVZ) Hi-i4dOJJO HCikAjdci BBuGS9 undSSg vHg euade3 w e _ - +7l gEr-ele2yll-F. 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MAHraH amran-ai4 aHmaH, TapH14HH MyTpblH LLYT3H 6api4laniaraap M3lTpaLir-yg caABap a)KC4pCHbl m,3jmHAr3-3p y33Xyr4, TaxHjibIH Maxaa aeBa paa)Ka ca6apH Baapa arapo T3pFyyT,3HHl4lr aOnooH ygaaa 6a yyn13H cam6xapar OJIOHTaa x3nmc L\aFaaH 6anHlHrel433,4 OpHOO E)prOH, 6eepeHX14A 3yypamryAx33,a, i4g33 6anHH4i cym63p yyni M3T UOFUJIOOa yp3J ,a33)K14AHFr 3yr 3yr-T iiaLIax niyraa CXIT Taxim epFrenHriH 6anH1H YYHHHri 3yyH aMTbIH WII4M TOFC paLIlaaH Hyyp MT -3pr3na;3H3. aBaaa "xamraa 6yT3x 60JnTyraii X3M33H ygHnc3:) jaaTraFTYH. T3H,q33C by3ap TygTr,3p 6yx3H apHnis, caHF14AH yTaaHbl yyJI M3T LUOrLLIOOA yniaaH 6anIHHr rani 6aaapcaH apl4yTr-anlbH aqraHA opromyH. 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Y33M-}K TyHanl3aX HapaH capaH T3prYYTH1A X14J3HLx 6yxHu4HF 3C YHLnA33, YnI3M>K U33,au4AH aJnTaH Fr3p3JnT Luor-)KaBxjiaHF14fH X3p,3r-T3 6VqHbl qyyniraH bl r xypaarf-aa, Oroomop carHH 6yAH XHL1114r 3Ha H4PTYFr3. X3333; OOpIIuH C3Tr3nIHHF OFOOT 11ON4XOTrOH ,J33p '3yFHrH yx3LLry9H 6a3icraniaHT mio1lrnmrm XOBa caxlIH iaaBaac BypmtHbI aLaLMHH 6o0ioH. ,3.3,1 CpyH xypmaCT T3pl yyT3H flj3nr--PC3H XOTOJI jyyniraHbi 6y5lH X4HIlFr 6yy>K ,1A3pr3, 3;IyF33 YYH,33 HpTyr,3rU. ,100,oo 3YI HUiH JIYCblH OpaOH xapwaac MOHrOAblIII rAXHAIAI1 YYA VCHbl CYAAP OPLUBOI4 149 BYP3HXAH BURENKHAN SACRED MOUNTAIN DH3Xyy caH C3pKMHHHia0TOp Byp3HXaH, LIyj1aaH xap, a3nr3p MepHi4H H3p raps 6aiiHa. lyjiaaH xap yy.n Hb MepeH XOTbIH ymap 3TF33A3.L OPIIJHX Infornmation oni the sutra: itac TOrTaOFrYH xap YyyJblH H3p 6oJnHo. ra3ap YCHbl H3pH14iH xypaarjax The Tibetan manuscript containing this 3ap'iMaap earoee aLyjaaH yyJI r3rj3x 6oxK33. sutra has been kindly provided by Dr. Khurelbaatar. l3yp3HxaH Hb TyyHT3H 3aHraa yyn, Xe1crFoIHiIH 4bOCqOpHTbIH opLj ra3ap. ,D3Jn3p MepeH Hb YjiaaH TaHra yyjiaac 3X aBq 445 KM ypcaK I4A3p FOJITOH The sacred mountain of Burenkhan HHJI33,R C31-3HF3 MepeH 6onjior. YHqC3H UyTranI Hb 3JIT3C, byrc3H 33p3F stands at a height of 2,181 m. and is ron IOMm. Aa1upaM,aaypaaxaj B)3nT3c Hb 3BeHK X3XIHIHH 33nU (F4JWF3P U3B3P located to the northwest of Moron in Mec) T3C3 (]j3B3pLIHX) F3C3H Yr33C YYCC3H 6afix Maragryfi. T3pqn3H Bsyrc33 Khovsgol Province. Hb 3BeHK X3XIHHH F3yKC3 r3a3r yr33c rapaITag "MeceH Fon, TOIIHHT 6yniar " 33p3F yTraTaH H3p 6O.nonToA. ,l3Jr3p MepeH Hb MOHFOJbIH MOPOH H3pT3H The text describes Burenkhan Mountain XO0p TOM FOJIbIH H31 6oJIHo. MeHxxaaHbl F3p3JIT xell1eei1 3pAW3MT3H as well as surrounding areas such as O.HaMHaHqOp K q3.nr3p MepHI4H caB Ap6ynar CyMbIH HyTraac onaK Dulaan Khar and the sacred Delger 4JIPYYJIC3H 6Hji33. River, both in Khovsgol province. 3H3Xyy caH C3p)KMHHr Ha pyyjiaH 6HqC3H XyHEHH Tanaap TOUOpXOr4 M3D33n3n OJIDK 3C 3aBsaB. "Byp3HXaHbl caH" -X3M33X TEBa rap 6Hi4M3n 3X4HHF T3p HyTrHHH xyy, TeBR0eq, ,OKTOP J1.Xyp3ji6aaTap HaHp Taji6I4H erceH 6ojiHo. 150 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ~UOgMdO dVVAD IqHDA VAA LVJVHXVI HlqVOJHOW _- -- . -l ,_ - .c 4 . _ o t .W.t.r%4 2\tL\lt£ t. w'i i b>S9.tn'iii \ \ b\\r JE:. .biZ Wtye t rSY ?1I>hS.gy IAtdws sS kW 4 It~~~~~~~~~~i-Y~~ IR8>IN ~ mbbrA ~ l;ASS;S~ i tY.>.>w;w;S.. M ld&rrWVWI1WS WE. wE.•tSA4.LAI.E I.v.F.§I AS |~~~~~~~~~~~t c, KAi 1t" _fL~tT'~ v, >.,. a - -eL - t. ,, , sy,,,.,, ,,\ lVA.t \tb-ANL \.reiJv -- R __2 - n - b.Z8b r t b itb1r rt'w.\ I t e I . k t ' 1t. ' I itb A.lfkvIw t tTI l-y I: t~ t ili t WSY\ 6,rvn;. & LrL.qj.b.A l-16JI >7~AbI,V~ _ U kII i ~~~9?½X.r Vn&Yt\D,;e -J~ -~ j*-*.-- F-- --. - -.--- .. tkNnrwm tvViiv @ en~ IS ttYn iXura'b.u.bII!9 I? r kV Wt i s 2r i<, t 9 v I PPIib' Y . 7v W tljt - td- I It_ - It§brl.r A U it,V ½r Ire tIV NWI 1 I i . I K b [ IK '. _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. '. i - - -. _ . -$,0h ' VIIODNOW JO S3IlS CIHDVS ZSI 11[~~~~~R.re . 1\ cg.N\cTee; ;i.t l rp 72 ., ]le o -~~~ ._ ~ *-~ -_. !-' ~~ LV~~~~~&~~~I.b\1tk&%t ~~ ~ r.X *9 QS 7A, NIbtI l I \ bW'~h b)hI ~A _r . -,-_;CA 2. t '_tr- - W r Cu t7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IVr rt hl..2Dl t.urtr9 t\\¢|>?Qt,ts;P.7 -1 ffXt -. rl; rn is~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.qW _v tv wkn -T.s.6 BYP3H XAHbI CAH, C3P)KHM TAXHJI Ama, OPLHBOR eHee mapraaLi aajibiFraparq CaHFHHH eJ3HHT JIaM, 5iaaM, 6ypxaH, Xyyr apHycraM. AMa Opner 6aaTap, 3px qaFHHac eMHHHH OFTOPFyi ,aaxb aqHT JIaMbIF eMeIFT L1aJL1HbI caxHyc, aajiaiar apiycFaA. ereeMep a33Ji rypaB, caHcap HHPBaaHbl T3Hr3p, jiycaac 3X.J3H 3ylFH4FHHr eJT3HAT 3OJLOOP Xyp33flyy.Y3H OpUJoorTyH. T3Tr3r'4 HaHMaH caB aAMFHHr apHycraSq. 3pxr3H3T 3H3 OpOH ra3ap AXnIXHf 5FaHrysa va3ap OpHbI333H 3pXni33H 632v3Lm33if T3Tr3rY T3HF3p 5InraM*caaT jynaaH xapbiv apHycraM. AI6HH, JIyc Hexea C3JITHHH xaMT 5IJraBapryI4 6ac byp3HxaH XHHr33n AMHiaa 3HA 3aJIapq 6aAcaH opHU4rTyH. 35inryycaH 3JIF3p MOPHHAFH apHycraq. IJIaHryqa HX HyTaryynaaH xap 6a OPOH YYHHH ra3ap yc 6onoH IryyrY4 TYYHHA xamaaT 3JF3pMepeH, yp3HxaH OA MOa, xaa 6yTHaa OpLICOH T3pryyT3H XHHF33,R 3H3 OpHOO OpLHCOH XYYHT ra3pbIH 333H,60,HHap T3p XyMyyH 6ycbIH A3Fyypyya XYMYYH 6ycbIH aHMrHHr apHycraq. AIMap M3T OPHICHbl LiyyjiraHaap ba 6ypHHii 4X3,4 MyHxapcHbi AIJraBapryH acpan 13HF33n33P 3aApaFTyH. BaJiaH C3p3M)KFyHH 3pX3Ha 6oncHoop JlaM,,a33)I FYPBaH qyyJlraHblq33,U ra3apT aOHTOH 51Bqaji mepeep yn xeHOex JIaBTarsla CYC3fJI3H 6rmiHp4 MepFeMyH. aorFuH ra3ap yc, Moa Iynyy T3Hc3nryi ragaag, aOTOOg eCeH XyCJIHHH XYMYYHi4rn aHMrF4H MBTaaj cyyaani T3Ma3FT3r4e3 TaXHJIbIH qyyJIraH yyHHHF YH3r, YOHO, repeecHHr ap4ycraaa T3TF3K 6yp3H 6ycaap epveceH 6oH0oB AnH4BaaTaanaxyH, xapnjaxyiH 6yxH33c T33rFyi TOFTOOH co6pXoK aBaaa ABpan 3p3H XYJIU3H 3aJ6i4pMyy. T3pvyyH LumHAr epLueeH coepx. MASHraH ranIaBT 6HJI3rqnjiHifH T0,aHA COHCOXyH 63px BO0alTOii 63J1Tr3C3H C3TF3JI33p XyBi14.FaCHbI MR TpaLmryii 51JIFYYCHbILHaIHHblr aYHXjMy1 BoHInox Taxi4jibIH erner C3JITHir XyypMaFyY -yxar a33 rFypBbIH TapHHAH 3,1, IypmUJI 6HLup3nHAf I XyBb TerOzEp yH3HiH4 aaiicaap Taa.,iaMK 6yxHii UlYT3H 6api4uunaraap Ta 6yra9ru OPOHH a33.l33p Bac eCeH Taauiani HHi4UYYJI3H TaxIix TaajiJIbIH 3pX33p MarTCaH 6OJOI0. ]Sajit4H XHrF33}1 3OXHJIJOXYA 3,a411I LIYT3H 1aXHCaH OpHbl jOfIII4HH T3HF3p Ta OpHbl 333H X3BU3F qOrL4HH HeXj0I,i UIyT33H 6ypXHbl LiaLHuH HiHiT 6a JIaHryMa OHUo0JDK epreH 3aJl6Hp4'- TaXb5I FaH,raH.nap>Kar4iH XYP33H HA LUaBb HapblH FaFUXYYyy 30XHMOXyH I0aaTli aaHbIr caHacaHqiaH 6y-r33. MOHrOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP )PLUBOr1> 153 DH3 OpOH 3YrT eBIIIH Taxani Axy caHcap HHPBaaHbl 3Oql4a Dpc xaTyy raH 3yJ, XApyy MOHa0p AnITaH YHaaaHbl aplyH a33)iifr- D3IJBH4HH myy xyHixap xyniraHM Aa6HEu C3Tr3nI33P TaanaH COepXOOA D3jiryil apaaTbIH X0pJl0J,,lD3p3M TOHYYnI Oqyyx3H 01,HAHfi caHacaH X3prHHri 6YT33Xlrff-f XopnryH1 xma iyxar amiHpjaaa E),ep LUOHoryfi xamcyyniaH 30XHO. XOTOnIa WHRHHH OH T3pr'YYTHHir 43H gnaHryAa Xy41,11 TerelaE)p ,3B)K33H apBHITraXbIH OH XHW14r j33,a yyn- yp3HxaHbl 60IOH A3, uor yqpaJnbir ogro 14PYYn3rTYH. U3BHHHf qgyyr apHnjrax caHFHHiH caxHyc YTr'blrxypaallryHin6aac anH4Baa 6yr-a a33pX14H gyniaaH xapbIH X14fi33,q Yyn xaq, 3pa3M TaxHnJ T3pryyT3H a3B)fix eceH xycinHr xaHrax 3yii 30XHCTOHrFOOp r3m aniaac q3Jn3pMepOH T3pryyT3HA 3yrH4AH 6YXH14ir aBpaH xafipnaaa AJnTaHi YHaaHbi apHYH a33>KHfr Acpajiryii Sn uaa3 amcaxyiir Aq6i4L C:)Tr3ni33p amcyyniCHaap AnTmarryg ymapTyynaH 3anTpyyniaaA E)qyyx3H MHHHA caHaCHbIF 6YT33xiHr4 AnHlBaa caHacaH x:)pri4fr 6yT,33H 0,11p WeHeryi! xamcyyniaH 3O0XHO. ApIIYH HOMblH yqpanlbIH 0Jn314i XyTar OPLUTyraHi. YTFbIF xypaaBaac u4x, 6ara yyni 9H,U aynaaH xap, F:yp3HxaH, q3Jnr3pMOpHOO C3pXGHM oprexi4fr Yql4pTafi 3113 OpOH T3pryyT,3H XYCB33C OOPCalAHH T3Hr3pmgr OMOPXOW, TerenTgep Hx apl4yH Fa3ap,yc, xaa, moa caBaH aOTOp ijaHl,apc, Cyy 33p3r 60JnHrYpBaH uaraaH aMTTaHbl Fani6ap6aacaH mog,Ooi myryH! 3yfin-14AFXIAA HfiH oryyni3x 6onioi. Opimx ypcrani yc, xygar iLaHa barLu niaM,a33,q rypBbIH yH3Hl4A aaH4CT14, laraaH 3yrHAr T3Tr3rq OpHbl Bac eBePHneOH caftap apiiyacali HOMblH araap T-3Hr-3p,j3lX"HHH 333, T3pFyyT3Ha ba,upaHryi! XOOCOH MaHapT 60JITyraH. A,lTaH yHaaaHbi apH4yHa33)Kl4fi Ba,qcaxygH 3pj3MT TaBaH XYCJIHHH C3p)Kl4M Aj6miu C3TF3JI33p aMCY-YnCHaap BaHiraa 6yx3H TaXH4JblH yyR3H uoru 60JITyraii. E),yyx3H -MlHHA1 caHaCHblf- 6YT33XIIHrF YM aa xym, XYM E)Jop LueOHeFyi xamcyyniaH 3O0XHO. 13FVYP YHUR3CHHi niaM 6arIIJ DI-3 M3T C,3Tr3nPlJ3H OOCOOH 6YT3XH4HH 5,AlaaN4,,yxaFr 33,a rypaB 3pXHH YI4nC141rq,3Jlr3pyyn3H 30XX40 HoMbIH caxi4yncaH, 3PXTRaaFlHac 0'uHp 6api4rFl )Kanixal3 'baJnEKlfpn-XYHfz3B6an-caH6)O HaripyynlcaH HaiimaH aRmar, IIIHB,kaF X11fi33,U 60nlof Ani6HH, T3Hr-3p, Jnyc 60JI0H YM4 aa xym. f3yqH 60JnTyraHi 154 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA 30TOJI XAAH 3pTHHH TaxHjiraT 3H3 YyJIblH H3p Hb Tso mtho Lha F3C3H TeBa yr 6eree1r "Fon e)HAOep T3Hr-3p (6ypxaH)" F3C3H yTraTai a>K33. HyFa.u6ap MYYTYY uaacHaa 6Hiip33p Maul XW4I33HrlyH 6HqC3H 3H3Xyy 3oToJI xaHbl caHrH44H cyaapT qHHFHCHHH q3ryypTHbl HX CyJnU3H caiUibLH cyjap Hb iO0O01H-4H Cyx6aaTap a~iMrHi1H AcraT, UaAHi3JI13p, T3H1-r3p r3w rapjaF Hb q33PX H3pT3H ymHp xon6oruo.nToiTH r3p'-. bac AapHraHra. HapaH, OHrOH, XaJn3aH CYMa 6yIoy xyy'Haap aapHFaHra TeBjeep Iha gnyan gzi brjid dbal bar 6yoy "OHroHH T3HF3p cyp KaBxjaHT 1 yYJblH XOHJyyHbl HyTriHilH ra3ap ycaHa 3OpHy.yiaH 3OXHOCOH a>K33. 3B'- uor6aupax yyJI" F3C3H TOTOTrOJ H3pX3p H3Pnf3C3H 6aiiHa. 3oTonixaHbI yr caUJJbIH CyapbIH yHHaC3H H3p Hb 3oToJnxaHbl caH caUInbIH cyjap 6o0mo. aIypHHr:3H3 cyaapT Maul TOJOPXOWi eOQyyC3H TyJI 3ypaar 6apbaar XyMyyC XaMrIiiH COHI4pXOJITOH Hb 3H3XYY Hyran6ap uaacaHa 6uiip33p TyH YYH33C caHaa aBaH 3ypax 6 yp3H 6onoMxTo9. XH-33HryvyJI3H 6wqC3H 3H3 cyqaapT aapHraHrbIH a33p qypCaH 6 CyMbIH 30TOnxaH YYJIblr 3YHbI 3X3H capbIH LLIHHHHH HaHMaHq Taxbaar T HyTaLT Tox4onaox 400 Op -M ra3pblH H3p rap4 6yii ABXgan 6onHo. HuM 6aAbK33. XyCTaiH rOJIbIH 3X3HA3X Ha9Pb1Hj3B3H a33P HaHp Haagmaa XHrbK, OJIOH H3p OPCOH caH-caUIbIH cygap ypba eMHe TOXHO4J1aO0)K 6afiraaryii 6a MOpb xapaa ypaJIiyyjinar 6ait133. yr CyqpbIr MOHRFOJI XYH MOHFOJIOOp 6IqC3H 6yu. Cyx6aaTap afiMl`4HH XaTrFI4H rypBaH XO[IIYYHbI aAaapT YYJICbIH H3r 6o0iox 3OTOJIXaHbl 3pq3H3uaraaH CyMbIH ra3pbIH H3p H3H OJIOH 6yii. 3H3 XOBOP cyapbIr apbIH Iyjiyy xaabIF XOBXOJDK, MaJIbIH xopoo xawIaa 6apHx 33pF33p MHH4H Ha3 LOaKTOp, npo4eccop X.CaMH4NJI3Hq3B eOceH 6H133. CyHTF3c3H Hb 6Wi. Yr Hb caHFHH4H cyaapT Hb MOa ypraMJIblr Hb TacJIaxryH, xag 6yTbIir xeHaexvy4, aH aMbTHbIr Hb ypr33H LoLIooxryH, ra3ap yCbIr Hb 3oTo.axaH yyJI Hb Cyx6aaTap arM4rHiiH 3pa3H3ijaraaH CyMbIH HyTaFT (x.e. C3BT33XFyHF 3PX3MJI3H qAypacaH 6auiar 6a HyTrFHfiHxaH ,j3pF3 Hb H3pHH1 45 19, 3.y. 114 44- co0JIB1joJ1,g) OpI1IHX .T.T4 1425 MeTp eOHuep yyJI 6oJnHo. Hb x3Ji3rryg xaTyy yJIaM>KJIaJTaH 6aiicHbir AatupaMaa ypacy. ,aapbraHrblH Tanapxar ra3pblH 222 ralIT yyJblH H3F qepeBer-q raniaBbIH yexq oprHnDK 6agraaq yHTapcaH r3r,13X 3H3 yYJblH H31 OHLVIOF Hb ra3ap3yilZ 3pA3MTTJM4H ToJqopxoii.CHoop raJIT yyinblHxaa UIOBFOp x3ji63pHHr ogoo ZOTOLKHAN SACRED MOUNTAIN XYPT3JI xaara.ncaH 3eB x3JI63pT3i a)K33. 3H3 Hb ancaac xapaxa, YH3X33P TO,4 xaparzaHa. 3oToMxaH yyJI H3F ye XOIIIYYHbI H3p 6aiicHaapaa XaH Information on the sutra: X3HTHii YyJIbIH aiMaF TeOHilryH xanx ,aaAap aTaapmucaH 64n33. WrittenintheMongolianlanguage,the 3oTonxaHbl caHrHAH TOBJq X3J33p 6H4C3H cyqap OeeHryii 6Hi. "OHroH sutra text explores over 400 sacred 3oTon xaHbI caH " H3PT3I 36 Mep LynIrJ33c 6yTc3H H31 caHr1idH cy'pb1r places in Dariganga (currently the 3H,a opLlyy.TDK xaBcapraB. territory of six Soums of Sukhbaatar "OHrOH T3Hr3p C3BxKHq6aii6ap OHrOH 3OTO:IxaHbI xaHraJI. province). HaMaHquiaIi, MarTaaji, iyp,aan, c3nT Op1iIBOf" F3,q3FcyCapbIF 3aJlaH DHXLuorT-r3,q3r XyH 3PXn13H YAJIqC31 6a J1yBcaHziaH3aHHam)Ki4nj r3r-'1 XYH Zotolkhan Mountain itself is a volcano 3MXTF3CHHH 6w1433H Hb ArBaaH-OiiHaoH 13a3l XyH IOM 6aiiHa. Opoc crater with a diameter of over 200 meters LiaacHaa xap, ynaaH 63x33p XHq33HFyi1 caiixaH 6U14C3H 7 xyy,nac 6yxHf, and an average height of around 1400 m. 35x9 CM X3MX<33T3A 3H3 cyqap X3n 3OXHOnJbIH XYP33JI3HFHHH TeBA HOMbIH bOHJTO0a xagra.nargaw 6auraa 6oJIHo. MOHrOAbIH TAXIAArAT VYA YCHbl CYAAP OPLHBOrI 155 VI1ODNOW J0 SlIS ITDOVS 9SI ] wtur 5Nku \ 'L'S t§\..'l½krz Th' 2__tT rNV7 t'i LP> 'rr i'WLT %I)t IIt,r&ir.L ';ir IF 64 .C WrsSv4¼r t resC tr i -vr~ ju t-1AY~ DDI N N\bT ECdrY27 yVt , ~r~'i~ iL Cit 1 W'(r.Urb rI V $ttt7 \ ljhA~LprpAs tL r lpt$¾f rs, t- - 'r a Lwi t:7. I E? jF t 1m~~~ e; I. 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X tsL& t.ztiL r\ $ IImI in Iy Te. . n~-. _ ::,|_ ^ z ] ffi -~~~~~I:t xjw4s£ww,1 i^ml t5aws ~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~--- ~~~~~~~~~~~j.~~~~ ~ ~ 17 |11~~~~~WP .g] 3*f\dt2,nA t.aD6b.si<.°\\.f "M =~~~ ti .)r.;t . *W > .ru 4 IS Sb ut).r r tre t.bIYtn B btt\f. relx S _ i,~~~~~~~L3 r- _2 _;, ; ,o ,l -~~~~~_t -F a--- rn- t_Z e 30TOJI XAAHbl CAH CAUJJIIH CYJAP 3yrHHH yyJI ycHaa XOPllH ec ca1. 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Dpxn3H Taaniaaa xapLunaxyi!H uiaJITraaH 6yxHiHrF aMHpJlyyniaH XapLujmaxyi!H LuaanTraaH 6YXHi4Rr ami4pjyyniaH D3ryyp) 3OX14JaOXyfiH IIIanTraaH 6YXH141r TYC TYC 6yT33H 3O0XHO. 164 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA A,zuCTH,aHfiH a33,aHHr E)pLLerq niaM YYPBaHi 3pamH3 Faqaaaa OT00RAa3nXHHAaaxHHbi OPOH-,aOP AjilBaa LffiaCHRH XypblF 6ynirarq XaTyy aorLuHH MOHa0p x5ipyy 6a A mipnHlHryfi XHnJ3HTHiA Aaam 6ypxaH Fapmr oAoa aAHra uaxi4niraaHbI xopnjon yryR 6o0nooz AIOYJIT TOTFOP 6yxHHHr apHnjrari FaH 3yI, ran yc, Luopoo caniXHH T3pryyT3H Ayraa XYLIHTiAarmHaC HOMblH caxHyJlcaH T3pFyyT3H FaqH4r ramuHr-, r-alLYYH XyBbCra-T Xlllrunj AniHma, T3Hr3p, JYC, HaHimaH afimaF-HyFya 6a FacniaH 3OBnIOHrH4HH atoyni yrym AJITaH a3IX"HAH 333q X14fi33,a Fagxam uiHTafi 300eIeH Xyp uar uar TOp HHHIJIYYJI3H ApBaH 3Yr"HiH OpHbI 30qa HHiiT-,Op Fa3ap ra3ap TOP yp TapHa,U3U3Fr SHMC 60JIOH AMTaT 6aJIbIH W14M 6ypqC3H ecer caiuani YYH14r FaftaMminT LLI1M HOFOO caHiTap 60JIOBCpOH 13nrF3p' AP14YH caHaaHbI yyqH33C epFeH TaxnaA XYMYYH 6a XYMYYH 6ycag 3nIa3B Hnianaju AnHJH XYCC3H Tycblf Oql4H 3ai6i4pq aHnJTraCHaac XE)HaOenaH xapiiinarq gafica TOTFOP 6yx3H a3lHgaa ceHoeK ,J33; TEPOJIXTOH.TiaM HapbIH XYC3H 3OX14JIOXbIH caHiH iuaJTraaH 6YX3H 3OHqE)EH 6yT33,R T3rIIIJnMEIA JIAHxya malII 6aTqaH XYMYYH ,qOP iLar 6ycbiH e)BHHH 3OBJIOH YryH ,a133UH,a Taa-TcaH caiiH 3X40J]o yHnIc XeHOee XOPJIOJI,3apra T3MU3In YCTa)K ,ql3r)Kix LIIIHHHHH cap M,3T XOXIHnReH xerx MaH;IaX TOP yypj TOrTOuK AMbTaH 6YX3H 60,(b XYTF1HuHF TYPr9H33 oJIox 60JnTyraHe. q6HrHFC xaaHbI 3PX3M M313yypTaHbIl aHap apHyH yp yHa3C;jqnr3p33,q Lt3X TYBWHH )Kypam ec :epFyy HafHpaJITaH * .i4rp3r 3px 6aqsmFHHH Lforoop L3Hryyji3H 3OX140. Xamar,ja,ap 60JnoH xapnIHr ani6aT XaMTaap Hac 6YAlH,33ILUH,4 apBH,aa)K FaAHxamILI4rT qpyy an,map, LIor 3aJIb FaH caH, cyp3r Mani 6a FaBbT TOFC 3,qJn3J XOTOJI TOPCOxc MOHrOAblH TAXMArAT YYA VCHbl CYAAP OPLLIBOA 165 GOiJIi YYJI "OiOJI YyJJbIH CaH" X3M33X 3JI 6iijxaH Cy,gpbIr 3pJA3MT IiaMTaH [ll.CoHi4H6aAp eOceH 60JHO. OIOJI Hb IOpHOFOBb aMFrHHH 7aJIaH)KapraIaH, CYM63P CyMbIH HyTaFT OpIIIHX 1693 M eOHAep yy. 3apHM _ ' 1 HOM, 1731 M eHqep q F3C3H 6aiigar. 0J1OHzi aJIaapiucaH H3p Hb 'loH{pbIH [ -, fior,a yyJI 60JIHO. 3aMbIH yya, YjiaaH6aaTapbIH FOJI 3amaaC 3yyH TIIIIIII v XOImyy F3?K 3H3 YyJlbIH H3pHHrF opojiryyjiaH H3pYL3X 60o2CoH 6HJI33. q \'BA ( .i \ OLIOn F3C3H H3p Hb TeBa X3JIH14Hi od gsal /O cani/ 6yioy 'r3r33H 2 ; 3 -' -'---- F3p3JTT " F3C3H yTFaTaR yr r3)K 3api4M cy,naa]i,1 T3Mj3FYI3C3H 6afix 6oJIOWB 3H3 H3p xo)Kyy yeg caHrFHIH cyqap 30X14OX yeCT 6Mi 60JICoH 60oOJITOM. Ylm1p Hb aHXHbI H3p Hb Aui yyji F3C3H MOHrOJI H3p 6aiicaH r3,riH_ -F HyTF4HHxaH qpzi4iucaap H4pC3H 6ii33. lHyxaM 3H3 yvHuri TOBa yr 6oJlroH . _ . I XyBHpracaH 60oJIOLTo.. 7" 4 OTSOL SACRED MOUNTAIN 1<*;,t,tiYu Information on the area: This granite mountain, otherwise known 1 as Choiryn Bogd Mountain, stands on - the territory of the Dalanjargalan and Sumber Soums of Domogobi Province, at an altitude of 1693 meters. The sacred mountain of Otsol is visible from a long distance and stands as a beacon in the landscape, it's Tibetan name meaning 'the enlightened one'. 166 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA OUOJI YYJIhIH CAH 5JnryycaH LuaLu4H, xamaT TepeJIXTH14H Tyc aMraJIaHrHHH IllyT33H Alnryyx luaLLIHbIF 6apHPt TOpeJIXTHHA HOMjionJ 6yT33nHJIH yiin 6a X3333HHI THiiH apyH 6a5lcnaac xaraucaHbi aryy TeBeec LjarnamryH ijaJLUHbI UrJInrHIH 33HIH Hac UoF, cyy 3anjb Hb XHH C3TF3JI 3nJI3B U3HF3JIHHH yHJI 6yT33c3H L1aamHa 3YHbl capaH M3T ;13Jlr3p3XHHH 3pXHH yHjiHHr 3OXI10. 3nZI3B ,yp xyBl4JI>K, XyBHnacHaac OFOOPOXbir eryyn 3OX140FLI g33,j FypBaH aqu4cT14, yn 6apargax 6yAHT caxaH 6Hn3r 6a 3n FypBaH OpHbI 6aaTap, garHHaC 3OXHX enJ3HIHr coepx. a3B>K33X OpHbIr T3Tr3r1 Cyn13H T3Hr3pHHH aryy XyJHT uor .L3H,Uyy FOO Y33CF3J3HT 6yxHHi uarifHir 6ynaacaH ajHcaap Hayy eOHep r-a3pbIr 6apHri OIoIn H3pTHHFa33am3e. a33p33C C3TF3JI4HAF apBHTTFarLi 3pXTHHH xaaHTaH M3T33p JI3HJqyy X3THHAC3H HaaaaH U3Hr3JIHHH Mx CyrJu3H T3HF3p A3x3p caHH 6y5H, caHacaH 6yx3H yya3XHHH eJI3HH OpLIJTyFaH Ja3HJ1yy OJIOH HexeOa C3JIT 3Ha a?KpaH TaBUHaa 3aJlparTyH. OUon YYJIbIH caH TaXHJI TeFcB3II. Cau 6ac ra3apT axy 6aaTabIH XHprFyI caMaaH 6McanvraJaac CajiTap yyaC3H XOTOJ1j caHH TaxHJIbIH YYJ13H RaajaH M3T CariTap 6H11p3n33p 60,aIHTOA 63JIc3H C3TF3J133P XyBHJIracaH TaXFUIbIH iyyJIraHblr Capyyni OFTOpryHH HX OpHOO yyprF3K IOnxaarFHH M3IMUHA epreMyy. 3Jq 6apHr- OpOH aaHn YY)HM HX CaBbIH IOTOp 3Hryii apuyTrarq FaJIbIH 6ypxaHbIr 6aqpaacHbI 143H3HaOTOp 3px3Mc3r XHpryH 3M, xy)K4c apHyH 3aH, 3J1a3B 3aJn3JIHHH qyynraHaap 3Hrayy aTrarryrl C3TF3JI4rIF YYCF3X U3Hr3JIHIH yTaaH YYJIC33p 3H3xyy caHCPbIH 3O'Hq, 3OXHCT 6yuA HeOXALF apHycraM. 3pXT T3Hr3p Ta apl4yH, acap aTrar caupaniaac xaraucaH q 3c apUncaH 3HAyYpJIHrF OpXH)K 6y3ap 6an'ii4r xoupoonryii 3n apHyH TaxHi, pauiaaHblqiMMr33p ap4ycrax 6o0ITyraii. ApHyncaH 6onou 3PX14H TaHrapar 3Ba3pC3H apHyH 6yc XaMrHHU apHyncaH 6o0noii ljicaH 60noii 3pXT LlalIHbI caxHyjicaH l]araaH 3yFHIF T3Tr3Ft 5ij1caH 60oJIO. MarTcaH 6onoii. 3H3 OpHbI u14BaarfHHH cyp CyJAuIHHF MaITcaH 6onioH ,LI2yp;jcaH 6ofloii. 3HAyyryH TepBeH ynjimir 6yT33xHrIvaypqcaH 6o.noii. MOHFOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPLIIBOr1 167 OHJOP XAH YYJI TacpaJITFyH M3H143JIC3H r3X TYJI 3PX3MJI3H HyT3W Hp)K33. X3p33 FexenI Hb >KOHLLOOpOO HX3,E aJi,apLucaHaac HyTrHHHxaH: OH,ep xaaH Hb Hx X3HTHiH YyJblH Jyy yyJI 3rag3r-6ereea cyp X3p33 vexernHH )KOHH wa3aBxJlaHTaIl, XOJIbIH xapaa 6apaaTaHii 3pTHHH TaxHnJraT yyJI 6onHo. X3pJ13H FO.fbIH 6yprac... r3xIn3Hr33p xon6oH IJmYJ13Cn3-3H 6aH!av. DH,U TOMUiyyjiaH 6yxiiiHeHep xaaHbl caHFHHH CyapblH MOHFOJI MeH EaHHxyTariiHH Anuiap yJbir0oqpoO eoep0 Lj33p33 TaBbcaH 6ypxaH op1 yyJIrblr MUHIIFI 6He "YH,yp XaH rH WUHBBar caH ", "LIH Bqar qHH no H1HH)KT3H r3,qr33c eHHaep XaHbl 6ypXaH Hb F3H3. OHJOp XaH YyyJblH Tyxaji Tao )KSai 6aLuH caH coi 'qoji Fr3c3Hxoep TOBZ 3xHr xapryyniaH opqyyjicaH X3R X3,L3H Uomor TaapanigAar 6a 3H3 yyni X3pX3H MOgTOi 6olcoH TyxaH 6onHo. BHHp33p 6HqC3H H313H 3yI4jI MoHrojI opqyyjIrbir 3Hq 6ac H3F3H aomMfHH 3HA TOJIHJIyyJIcyFaH. xaBcapraB. `eH1aep xaH YYJICbIH caH H3pT3 3H3 MoHron 61HM3n CyqpblF DpT UalT 3H3 yyJI MOAryH 6aiK.33. MQOaTOA 6onrox F33,U YF YYJIbIH TeBjleec opqyyjicaH Hb HIT 6aiiHa. YyHHHxyynirFbIF 5pyy Ha4pavq, 3ypaa'I caBAar Hb HX 5IBK33. /ouia yyJbIH/ ayH>KOHrapBblr yHTaa 6aiixaq Hb )K.Capyyji6y54H eFceH 6eveeA T3p33p "3n CyXpblF eepHHH 3U3F MORHOOC Hb xyjIyyraa)l 3yrTaa?K r3H3. ayHKOHrapaB C3pM3FI33 M3A33q g.IKyyMH3p3Ji eHaep xaaH XOTbIH TeBA cyyjar 75 HaCTaiH eBreH ax apaac Hb 3niqjK33. OgoorHilH HaIiaIaXbIH 3yyH Tang ryHLu3AK o'oou rFa3pblH )i1.PajHaa6a3apblH xalrancK 6aficHaac XYBHjiaH aBcaH " 13WK X3IC3H 6Hw33. xepcHUr Hb 3pr3T3JI HOUOJIAO)K J3H3. T3r33a eH,aep xaaHbl caB,aF T3Ha TeB,q CyqpblH TercreFI "XanXbIH 3yyH aiHMar Lj3LU3H xaaHbl XOIIIYYHbl 3YYH MO OpXHCHOOC 3yyH MOq r3ra3x 6ojiK, x3c3r MOAbir aBq ABcHaac 3axHparq roM6o>KaB HOeHbI gypacaH¢..." r3C3H I3XA33 3aHrH rapT. e H )epxaaH yynI MOaTO9 6oncoH TyxaH ra3ap YCHbl aOMrH4HH apBHH 6aiiraar y33XyJ1 3OXHOFaCOH uar ye4HAF TOJOTrox 6apHMT 6onox a)K33. Lyrjiyynra XH4C3H qOKTOP X.CaMiHH4J1l3H;I3B H3F3HT33 1pbAK 6HJn33. C3LU3H xaH aHMHrlHH OJIOH 3acar HapbIH HyTarIiaH cyycaH ra3ap OpHbl H3pHHFr ArraH cawra)K 6 IHC3H LI3C R3BT3p X3M33X HyraJI6apT /TTA. (MD.3 1. X/H 128/, C33U3H xaH l4o14)KaBbIH Xyy "C3U3H xaH MaxwHp /1 800- 1808 OH, xaH 6ai4caH/ 6H eHa0p xaH yYJIblH TYC X3PJI3H rOJIbIH XOHT 3Tr33,T3QR HyTarniaH CyyMOI. M4HHH4 XOLUYYHbl. 3yyH XOfHT 3Tr33a CajiXHT yynaap qIyyjraHbI ,aapra rYH FoM6oKaBbIH xoIuIyy nlyraa 3ax HHHJDK OBOO 6aiiryynaB " r3>K 6yii. YyHHiir YTTA-g xaaraiarmaw 6airaa xanXbIH C3U3H xaH aiiMrFiH 3api4M XOlIyyHbI ra3pblH 3ypraap xeeH Y3B3JI roM6o)KaBblH Xo0iyy Hb C3pr3n3H 3acFI4IH xouiyy 6ag)K33. 3H3 XOLIIYYHbI TaxHJHraT YyyJblH H3r Hb eH,aiep xaaH 6aiicaH a>K33. CJ313H xaH MaxLmp Hb 1800-1808 OHM XOOpOH, xaH 6aiicaH TYJI eHqep xaH YYJbIH CaHrFHH Cy,apbIr FoM6owaB HOCH 3H3 ye, 3OXHOTIFOCOH 6onoJIToA. HyTrHiHXaH eH.Rep XaHbI Luaaap TyllUM3JI Hb Fia5H-yyJI, CeH TyLuiH4r Hb BaMH-3pXT r31,3r. WiIMq ba5IH-3pXT YYJIbIH 6apyyH ypg XOpMOii4l aHIJ HyTariiaBaac FiX eJI3HRT3AH F33n1L3r. BaAHXyTar CyMbIH HyTaFT OpIuIiX X3p33 rexenI YYJIbIF XOHX OqpOO ypaaa TaBbcaH niaM ll[HH)KT3A F3X TyJI EH0ep xaHbI iiaM yyni 173Ja3r. 3HA bOJrabIH qOJIOOH IOpJK 168 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ONDOR KHAAN SACRED MOUNTAIN Iniforimiation oni the sutra: The Ondor Khaan's sutra-manuscript been obsessed with how to encourage was translated into Mongolian, from forestation. Consequently the deity original sutras written in Tibetan. Only made a final decision and had trees two Mongolian copies exist. stolen from Bogd Khan Mountain, under the cover of night, while its guardian- Ondor Khaan Mountain is known as the deity Dunjingarav was asleep. sister mountain range to the Great Khentii Mountain. When the Bogd Khan Mountain's deity woke up and realized that its trees had The locals call the mountain 'Bayan- been stolen, he immediately set forth to Uul', the adjacent mountain is part of where modern day Nalaikh town is the Ondor Khaan Mountain and is called situated, where he battled with the Master of the Ceremony. The nearby Ondor Khaan mountain deity. Kheree Gokhol Mountain is considered the guardian for Ondor Khaan During the fight, Ondor Khaan Mountain, on account of its looking like Mountain's deity lost one hundred trees, a Lama holding a bell and thunder-bolt. and thus the battleground was named It is highly respected and worshipped after those one hundred trees, 'Zuun by the locals, due to its being the Mod' or 'One Hundred Trees'. The trees birthplace for the seven highest ranking which the deity managed to escape with Master Lamas of the last emperor of became the basis for the Ondor Khaan Mongolians, Bogd Khan. mountain's forest. A legend exists on how Ondor Khaan Mountain became forested. Once upon a time, the Ondor Khaan mountain had no forest cover, only a bare surface. The deity of Ondor Khaan Mountain had MOHrOAbliL TAX11AFAT YyA YCH-bl CYA3 AIA OPLHB0f1 169 VI1ODNOW AG SaIlS GADVS OLI .&- - .. sS-L'tVL 3 1ts e-S iI t -&rn.3 S U D: . 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XopoJ13yyniaH TynCH14fi yTaaH YYJ13H 14II XYCC3H x3p3r 6yxHillir Fapraaru 3 3 3 3 3yH iiaFHrH OFTOpFyHH 3H UyypCH33P JIa3B A p ManiiW AyypC3H 4x LIUIBLaaF eH.HI0p xaH, HexOp C3XITIF apiiyJImyH. Mx xyy caHl7HHH 6yM6a A3ap 6y3ap TyHiTF3p 6yxHHir C3Tr3Ijqnl3HrH1H 3pX33p AjiaH ALUI,1CHHHF HOMbIH TeBq apHyTFax 6onooa TopFoH T1T3M, T3H13PHWiH 3,U HeMper T3prYYT3H Axy 3113 OPOHq1 eBMHH xH)KHr Toonmuryni x3p3ri3nji, 3a aryypc 6yxH33p Taxusaac HOKHTa XMmpaJI, 3yZ T3pFyyT3H 3H3 OpHbI xaaH TYLUM3I OpLuuxyiiH yecT yJI 3OXHnJUOXbIH 3r3n ani6aT HpF3H C3JITyyaHH OnoH MyynivaH 33prHfr amHpjiyyjiax araaq Xy'rnH oJIaBop A3Fyyp yHa3c Hb Marag yTra xOep TyHTr3pWiF Xyc3J]T 3YHb1 gajiaii M3T apBi4Aaaa ,aHH T3MUJI33P xjiaH aHji3xi4HHr 3OXHO. XyBpaFI41H aHMryya C3TF3JI 3enJ3JIU3H COrTOOH yHJ1ja3XyAH LUIMmI4ir xypaacaH LUJariuaa6a,AbIH api4yH T3prYyT3H caHH 'yyjiraHbir CapxYbIH yp 3MIlilH 3yiiH33p HaHpyyjlcaH UJaJAap T3rHII,a apB4Trax y4JnICHiF 3OXHO. AJITaH YHaaaHbI paLiaaHbl i4X JaIaHi j,gonZol 6i4g 6yXHi4ii yjn M3,J3X {xHAr33,a Ajb6nLu FYPBaH CaHCpbIH yH,qaa Hb ,Uopo0 C3p3M>K YFrYH 3pX33p 6o0IcHooc A,4HJITraLury9 X3T3pXHRi 6ollcoH yyr33p ,OFfLLIHH ra3pbIr yxax TeHxex 6o0aoH ,a13nXHiH 333,U Hexe)X C3JIT3CT aOFULUH MOLbIf orTjiOX TaHIpax xiHAr33, t ,a33,aHiH 6a1cCJbIr yycF3x 6oJITyrai /YM aa XyM-3H3 HOMbIF OQaOH rapHri4TH TOXHOJI y paJIbIH rypsaHTaa eryyji/ OHLt Myy yecT yiHJI YHina3X T3pFyyT3H FypBaH MSHraHbI 3H ajL4ji 3oX4cToii C3Tr3JI niyraa xapuijiam YYXK4M IIX 3pA3HHiHH CaBbIr AJ1HBaa r3M IOy yRinlC3HHi4r4 OJl0oH q33, caHiH HZ(33HHHi 3opHroiuryAi lix aMraJiaHrHHH avaapT OXb JJMm33p caRTap ,ayypr-3K AqHiaaa XYJIn3H Taanj1 coepxoog OHoxyii 6a cymiaxyRr 6aApyyY1aH yHMAc3H EIpHI49H rypBaH XyBbU caxHx 6oJnOH Oprwi paLuLaaHbl Ixitax jala1i yyHHiF LJJeHHHH FYPBaH XyBbg MaHaX T3pFyyT3H T3Hv3p JIyC, I.n4BqarF, HOXe) C3ITHHF 0epBelH 3yiiJI1HIH 3PXHH yHJIC33p T3HUYYX3H 6aqcraxyRH TYJU; epreyY /FypBaHTaa yHLu/ ae)KpeJlyFY Hacaa caxHH aBapq qyxaJI 3aJn3XyH TaBaH XyC3Jl,, jJO0noH 3pa3H3 ABpau 14TF3J1, emeF caaHbIr HyxaM raj;aaa OTOOUblH liyyLbIH Aiima ajiMaHpa.HTyA 3OXHOH xaiiplla. 172 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA XOTOJI TOpeJIXTHHri Tyc aMraniaH 3H3Xyy [UyBpajiryH aJnTaH yHaaa Hb Xou{ponryP rapaxblH yr uiyT33H 3FH3r'T 61u13r 6nIrHiiH aHJITraJlbIH M3M33 M3T [IHap MaJIraHiTbIH 3ryypJaHHH CCOH 3pXHH TepBeH yHJIC33p 6H,lAHHi HOexe C3JITHigH ApBaH 3yFT33 OprFOKI4H ,j3Jr3p333, 3t1H33 xapIujiaxyi 3X93B waJIrTaaHbIr AMbTaH 6yX3Hi HOMbIH ytIpaJIbIH lorFHiir 3,j3j1K 3pXLU33H TacaJDiK 6yXHHHr ammpjiyynaaq Ajl4B XYCC3H 6yx3H xouiponiryHa 9Bf33a3X HEXJI1HHRF 6yT33X xamcaar 3OXHOrTyH. A51H,aaa 6yT3X 6oxLTyrai X3M33Myy r3C3H U3J1XHHH 333H eHaep XaHbl TaxHjIra 3H3 M3T H3F3H X3pJrT3H r3?K OJhUII xyniaz opwuUx 6ozmyoafi. XajiXbIH 3yyH aHMar L13Lj3H XaH X01Uyy 3axHparI FoM6o>KaB HOeHbl qyxanqnaH aypgcaH, HJaF>KHHH aAira TaXHMYiHr JIyBcaH6a,aaH,}aM6XHHrIMtIorJoHHaMAKHii6ajcaH6o-633p HaHpyyJlBaH. C3PWK4M OPFOXYI4 harLu jiam, 5LAjaM, lqyxar )33,a rypaB I3ac 393FrYYpaepBeH aHMFHHH bapHni,aiaraT T3HF3pHHH qyyj1raHa ABa, UYBPHJIFyH C3p)KHM epreceH 6oJIoii. AzJ4CTH,aHiHH ,a33,a XyBbT 11H11,4F y3yyJI. ABpanT HOM, HaMcpaii, JIxaM T3prYYT3H AByypbTX LaIawHbl caxuyc gaiiaHH tiyyJIraHyy4a,a AJITaH yH,aa TaXHi, epreceH 6onofi. Au,abIH caHH ,epBeH y JI14 F 6yT33H 3OXHO. Dpx Xy-lqHT T3HF3pHHH xaaH OHaep xaH 133px xaTyy HOX,aHH qyyjiraH IajaaH C3JIT3CT 3H3Xyy C3p>KHM TaXHIJIbIF epFeCeH 6oJioH 3ryyp,Ta,aaTracaH yHAmiAr 6yT33H 30XH. )KHJi, cap, XOHOr, uarmHAH T3Hr3pCyyq 6a )KHq 3H3 OHbl 333H, X3JIXHMH 33,a3,a )KI4HXH33C C3p)KHM TaXHij eprFCOH 6o3ioH. )KuuW33 OpHbl 333H CaXHYJICHbi 6o011HF4r 3OXHO. 3HryyH LHJy,apara 3pX33p T3prFyH 1HYT33HJ 3p,a3HHw4H 3M, IHMT yp 3JIJBH1r4 HaHpyyJICHbl MOHrOAbIH TAMAI'AT yyA YCHbl CYAAP OPWBOr 173 CYBAPFA XAHIPXAH YYJI SUVARGA KHAIRKHAN MOUNTAIN "Ex uaraaH YYJIbIH caH TaxHJi " [33r 3H3 CYE(pbir TyyXV, 3pa3MT3H Information on the sutra: ,Aawu6a,upaxa, 6aiiraa 3X33C TaTyYJTK aBaB. DH3 Hb ApxaHrau aiHMri44H Suvarga Khairkhan, the Great White I43HX3p CyMbIH HyTaFT OpLUHX CyBapra xaapxaH yyJblH caHVH4i4H cygap Mountain, is located in Tsenkher Soum, 6oJIHo. CyBapra xa pxaH yyn XaHraiiH HYpYyHbl 3yyH x3c3rT 3yyH XOHiLU Arkhangai Province. )Kap rapyil KM ypF3J1?KH14C3H TOMXOH yyn IOM. OPXOH TaMMp 33)3F OJIOH ronj 3X aB-i ypcaar 3PTHHH TaxHjiraT yyni 6o0JHo. 2600-3000 M eHaep 3H3 The mountain forns the eastern part of yyJI 3.y. 101 25 x.e. 47 03-n OpmUIIHO. CyBapra xaHpxaH H3pHHF Ij33pJI3H the Khangai mountain range. Large "14x tuaraaH yyn " r3X( H3pJ13)K33. rivers such as the Orkhon and the Tamir flow directly from this mountain. CyBapra xai4pxaH yyJblF gacaH LuaraaH ao,j4rTOH, yc MepeH, 01 MOJqOH LuaMTaBTaii xaaaH sApva 3JI33B -J4Mr333p qI4M3rFJ3C3H 6aiijauaap ,ypc3JIC3H The mountain has been worshipped for Hb 6ycaa caHFH4HH cyqpaac AiiraaTaii 6auHa. centuries, and in the manuscript its snow-capped mountain tops, forests and 3HA T3M,43FJI3X3,j qo,q14r Hb stod gyogs "IJ33WKH4imemcreJI, rocky surfaces are praised for their LU33X(HBq" LHaMTaB Hb "nIaM HapblH HOMbIH xyBLuac, 6aH3aji 6yioy creation and extraordinary beauty. XOpMOrF-I rApra Hb sge rags -6yc r3c3H yTraTaH, TeO, XX3H33C MOHrOJI 6HtlrHiiH X3JI3Ha OpCOH yrc 6oJIHo. The ancient legend, describing the origin of Suvarga Khairkhan Mountain, CyBapra xaHpxaHbl Taniaap aomorM ApHa iteeHryfi 6yii. TyyH4ii tells that the Khangai mountain range H31I,H1 ToJIHjiyyji6aji: Banap 3pT harT C3JI3Hr3 MepHIIHF XOHML ypcraxryiH was created to stop the northward flow r3xK XaHraiiH Hypyy TOrTCOH m313r. F13q C31-1H13 MepeH xoiLu ypcaa, of the Selenge river. ry9I_I3X,43xryil 6aiicaH TYJI CyBapra xai pxaH 6ypyy xap)K XaHraiiH HypyyHbl TercreJl 6o0JIK TorTcOH [3g,3r. However, the Khangai Mountain Range alone could not manage to halt the northward flow of the river. According to legend Suvarga Khairkhan Mountain came to help and took his place standing to face the North. 174 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA SLI U<1OgmdO dVVAD I1HDA VIA IVJVHXVI HlqVOJHOW X1 ' - .2.r1W I ------4 i.S;.Sus.t..k.g..41 19S.s~~.W , ,, £h h.L,..iE I. 17ebf~ r.bbtQ E kVi j1b.r&2ffi Q.Sss.Jrz SsX A 1t - . *,k , I I8 2frW9@ n- I ~ ,~~Ž7F~~Ht&~ ., 4 . , ...... ~izi ., S------r&7L~t.Z .l. rq',-~ - 1* -1SB,ia-I:L 12t-Ih?f S^5susi,, ,2 M4X [lAFAAH YYJlblH CAH OPtIBOII Byii 6H4HMHr aBpaH 6ycJbIH yyl ycHaa 3C opLllyvncHaap Cv6apza xaiipxau YYLbill cali MepFeji aBpaJIbIH Xy1I33p 6Ha 6yx3H xaa OJOBLI Mexeex jar4caH, XyriXyii, xyJirari R33p3M 3C yfmD33q l3pXHH qaHapblH eBepqJIeHFHfiH acap apHyH lix aMraJIaHl AMbTaH 6yX3H CaHCPbIH 3OBJIOHI-OOC I3T3-TJ1? M3pr3HIlfi aFaapT Aioy:i 6yxH33c aBparjaH caHacaH X3p3F 6yT3x 6o5JlTyFaP. '3pXTHHH HyMblH r3p 6apbcaH OpEOH epFeeHee n3J11B ilqHxyBaap LIIIMC3H OLHIpT CYYPHHH33P 33DX11i-I MX T3HF3p X ,i4 ajixa 6aTaj 3ajlpaFTyH. YnJIbIH 3pXT TaXHJ1bIH WJJYT33H Y33CF31I3HF11iJH qYHA Yc MOpOH, Oii MO}aOH [IIaMTaB, facaH Uiavaaa aOA4HFTOA YpFax Hap, cap, xaaaH rAipra 3Jnj3B HHMF33p 6onroocoH YpMac 6ajpaax ,Ianixa T3HF3pHI4H H3F3H TepeOI Ha Xy'iHT bapyyH MyTapTaa 14JI, 3yyH33 Ijaniam IaniacaH Iacxyy 3F33PJIHHH HX aj1aHrF xypgaTvaH L1IHMC3H AMHpjiaHFyH ,j3JF3p 3pXT aFllO4HH yHINCHHr 6yT33X Acap OJIOH HOXaHl[H '-yyRFaH, TYCT OJIOH yyniaap Xyp33yJIYJIC3H ATrarryHi Ta 6yXHHiiv 6a5cI-axaap 3oXHJ1JaoX 3aHIr eprex Hb: APHYH fypBaH uaraaH XHHF33,U fYpBaH aMTaT yp ApXH Eapc, TaxiH, 6ajnH C3JIT3C XHr4F33,3 Acap CanjXHH Xy'lHT xener T3M33, qIMaa. XOHb, HOXOH ba;pax caHFHHH TaXHJIbIH yyJI33p baAcraaK, T3Hr3p oFTopFyfiFrJyypF3H TaXH)K Ba 6ypHHIi XHiH, OpHbIF Bac 1IUYT33H yHI,a3rFl xaMryy, ABpaH xamraaniax 30XH4JIOXyH HeXUA4HHI- 6yT33 AxwBaa xapLujiaxy IuLaTTrFaaHbIr apHiJra. XaMav HOM, 3pT13H3, TaaJiaJl, TOHHJIOXyHH aHMrFHHH qyyJiFaH XapHwi[aH T3HC3JI13H W3JIF3p3XYHH 3PXHH yHIJICHHr 3OXHO. ApBaH 3yl 30BXHIC, j33,ja LoQoJ0 OpUJCOH 6ypxaa ABpaJI HTr3JI 3Dj HTF3JIT qyxarv rypaB T3prYYT3H byqH. HyrvjHHF snrarT-l TaHraparTaH HOMbIH xaaH 176 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA CYTAI1 XAH YYJI SUTAI KHAN MOUNTAIN Cy'Tai xaH YyJIblH 3H3 CaHFlHH cyIap MHIH-iHi aH,l Hexop AfITaA HyTrfil4H XYY ,aOKTOp, nrpobeccop. 3ypxarN' Jl.T3p6iu1 MeH MYI4C-uiiH XOB.TbIH Inforlltatio1n oni the sutra: lEai-iIMHlH HX CypryyJJHHH 6arm. 3pJPNIT3H ,I.FaH6Odo.z Tyc Tyc 3xD3p33 The manuscr-ipt has been copied fiom xa,uranar.awa 6aficHaac 6yyuiraH aBca1- 60onHo. a.FaH60JM yr Cy;Lpb1F XOBq the original kept by Professor L. Terbisl afiMI4HfH aap11B CyMbIH HyTFaac ojiAK aBH33. and Professor D. Ganbold. CyTau yyn Hb An rafiH Hi-ypyyHbl H-3 x3c3r, UaaTapxauipxaH YyyubIH Sutai Sacred Mountain is part of the 3yyH X3C3r 60oIaor. MeHX itacaH OPFI4JiTOA 6apyyHaac 3yyH THgiUJ ?Kapaai Altai Mountain Range. The mountain KM CyHaH TorTCOH 6afiqiruir Fa3ap 3YI1H1ta ToaopXoHJ1K33. ALMap 60JIoBLI has numerous snow-capped peaks AJITailH 13 MOHX itaCT OpFHJIbIH H3V 3H3 an,zapT yy.n FoBb-AnTaii, XOBa reaching over 4000 meters. The aMrufHH MOHrOAblH TAXMAFAT YYA VCHbl CYAAP OPWLBOf 177 .ay,,--w.1r- _ 4w -a ,. t-= r-s-- rw-Ew _ r~~~~~~~~~~~~1JI~~~~np41t')l'j TZf{¶cr4.Cv-TI$ ~~ I~jWr'¶41 ~~~~F1rl -w4 k~ II qNlfl \L41w9I.EJi4k1V4LN (5 - < r CW 1., AC r Jl 8 Th _sq47=4zrt J W.4 rs%,\f4 -" 9 '41Ywfll I qs2m'JR•maI lCfn mq;s - A,. -'jj _w C, !'o.- , - ml&&9©%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T4- r7- [~~~~. \ &'5 C%nT C\l-l4w|=Z | 7ql''*;e^z44[nZ;ut| S~~~~a.. r ' 0 - * ~ - ~ ~ -- LJ1.' 4fm4r 5 i¶rjJt fl'q7n:4j? m n74rLrcnjr u, 74 -4-". T r r W - nvr rS ._, r:1ln;i I I 7t.ni r-fr?fl _.v- -o] -Z-- \ I _ ~rj-- 7>f- - >C r7r{IwJ'rF - i .- ~~~ _ > s 1 I 134 ' r l'n n j -'r -i'F r-vT! 7nSz - '; mIr-4 178 SACRiTES OF MrO . S cA: 178 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA CYTAAz XAHbl CAH banulH Taxiin, caH T3pryyT3H 30XunA0IUX 3aAr- cAuTap opreoA lSaC HHurYYRC3XYf njyraa xapwnaxyu4 r3mmfir HamHl4HmaH yun4Ja33A Ana, OL[, XOH30HF xaptiyns)caHacaH 31BaJnbIr 6yxH33 ayypr3X33p CagH 6i4nj3FT AOFOOP HIT3,a E)Ha0p OpOH XOTHOO OpreCE)H 6onioHn anEmlBaar 6asicraH Taaniaau coepx. CaRH X3BT39 ra3pblr- 6apllFq FafixaMmmr-T )KU4rU3pCHU4H TOBA 5qHai-naH aOTHocox, acpaxyu C3TF3JI14A Ter-eniep 6o0nro. Fl)yypawlr-yA 6ex 6aT, cyp oKaBxjiaHT lAaCT yynIHaa OpWCOH 5qmaFT r-a3ap T3TF3FrM xaaH XyHEIU 3pXT XeBrYYH, TYLlM3n]HHH aH4Mar F3ypxaHbl 3MT, 1,A, XYQU1H LiaRaanT CyTaH xaTaH F)y5lHT X'YMYYHUHf Hac cyy,13p, Mani CYPF1rMH rap3 3apnEI4r COHCorq JIYCblH OXU4H, ZaOJOOH xaHb TyLL33 Biycuvap lLiapHyyq, tlOHOHLtOp T3pFyyT3H apaaTHbl xopnIon 3aBcapryii 65ac 6yc yyni xau, Tani anTb 30 XU4CT0U ra3apT 13ypyy X3pyynl T3MUXI, :3BTp3Jn camyypani, uar- 6ycbIH xyp 60opoo 3aniap, 6aTTaA o pwlcoH OpHbl T3HF3p TLUHBaaryyaI F)ycag yni xyc.3xyUi myy waJnTraaH Hoxuoen 6YXH14gr ami4pjyynDiK 3aBsqaH Aapq I4pa XYBs4JraaH niyraa CXnT 3H3 OpHOO 3anipaFTYH. xaippHa. E)MHO,qO,a XypblH yyn13H YfiM3JI33H XOBXOn3E)H TOr-TCOHbI TE)Ba DH3 XYH 30HbI HacaH ypTca)c, 3,a TaBaapblH M313yyp YHq3c aPB4)Kllr. YH3HXYY C3Tr3Jn 30XU4CTOH COJIOHFbIH r3p3nI HympaH TOrTCOH DCp3r T3Cp:) C3TF3nI 3OXHJIaOH 60FROCbIH HOMq Op)K OpFOOHIIA AOTOp 3pa3H3T Mani Cyp3r- yp)KuH apBs4,aaa yni XOPOr-aOH Tyc TYC Amap M3VU13H 6aAcaH U3Hr3JIU4fH TaBuaHT LUlp33Ha33 3pXU4Hcar4H 6yqHbl ypi4fr caB LU1MHUUH epOHuea aPBH4Tra)K xaf4pja. TyyIIITaRraap Hacag 6aT, OH14, TOFTBOPTOui 3anipaFTYH. DpX3T caHcap HU4pBaaHbi 6yXHHilcaiiH yyniraH XHIIIUF 6yRH TaPHH 4Cama,qi4 Xur433, MyTpaap ajHICTi4ajiacaH DC 6ypa3rC3H r3X Hb Yryr4 TYJI 3H3 OpOHa OFOOTxypaaa Taxi4nbiH iyyniraH nyraa3OXI4JqOX 3ag, HyaHIA Y3M3pl4i! in3rT xamar TE)POIXTeH>KapraniaHrl4AH UOFOOP Hacaz( L3Hr3H TaHcar ra3apXuHrF33,a3aBcapbIH r3r-33H OrTOPFruH 3HF33payYYP33,a D3JT On3uHI4XYTFr41H anajH3yr6yXH33,q3Jnr3p3H TYr3X 60JITyrarl. TaBbK OPFOCOH 6onioA, anHHaa i 6aqcaH Taa-ni coepxcyy. 3pg:3H4AH yyni aguniUOFUOJTCOH, Mryfigaiaii ai4niM3JIT3JI3C3H 3PX3MC3F 3n;3B 3YAJ eBePMeIU ia33 yHqaa xHgr33q JpACHHiH UYBP14nryi pawaaHbir aauCTi4gnaH epre)e. Dr33p,q 6aqcaH xaHaxyAC3Tr3nuH HxaHaJnbIF apyil coepx. 3yr4T3A calH 3M XHgr33u caHxaH YH3pT 3JIa3B MOR 3yHni 3yfiJI4H 30XJaXno3,43Aur maTaaCHbl YYJ3H 3yg3pryru XYCnu4HHTaBaH 3pJ,3M Torc caH Taximbir epree. 3yui 6yc r3m anjiaCbIH iyynraH 6yx3H apmycax 60JnTyrar4. OHU aOrmUIH ra3pblFyxax, maJTax,yyni xafipxaHbIF TOBPOFnOX OHFOH mo,aEir orTnlo, ZOI-WHH yCblr XyTraH 6ynulHrapTyyniaXbIF Or4l.OO) 3C M3,JC3Hiut3PX33P YkJaC3H33 T3Hr3p,JYC, L1Baaryy)laa xaHgzaxc OHUrOu xop xypr3x, xopnion,xapLunaJnbIr api4nraxbI reYYn3rTYH. moHiOAblll TAXI/ArAT YYA YCHIAIl CVA,All OPUIBOA 179 C3HC3P bYTOY CAHCAP YYJI SANSAR SACRED MOUNTAIN C3HC3P X3M33X yyni Hb TapHOrOBb aH1MrHH4H LaajaH>KapFajiaH, CYM63P CyMbIH HyTaFT OplIl11X '4OipblH bor, yyjiaac xoiilu F yq rapyi! Informiationi on tlhe sutra: KM-3afLTafi ra3apT 6 yH o0oor04HH CaHcap yyji 6onHo. CaHeap, HOHpblI The manLuSc!ript oll this sacred 6oFa, CYM63P yy.n rypaB Hb 6He 6He3 xapKc iaHamajiaH Opl4I-HO. 1683 M mountain was written by Lama Sertog eOH;ep 3H3 yynblr Xa.nXbIH rypBaH OprHJ1bIH H3F 6aRi Mara,UFyH 73)c Khutagt from Janjin Choir Monastery ra3ap3yAq 3P,A3MT3H LI-.l1Har,gap Taamar Ja3BUJYYJIC3H 6yH. of Borjigin. C3HC3p: - r3Jq3F H3p Hb xoXCyy yea CaHcap 6o.joH XYBHpaB yy, 3CB3J] CaHcap rF3,j3r H3pHir` 133pJI3H C3HC3P 6oJIOH XYBHpraB yy r13,ar Hb Sansar Mountain is located 30 km COHHpXyylllTaH fOM. 51 map 602osBq CaHcap rF3q3 H3p Hb camrapaH X3JiHHi north of Otsol Mountain, as described samsara Y34r33C FapaJrTai 60n C3HC3p Hb TOBa X3JIHHHi seng ser 6yioy above. 'LIU;p apcnaH F3C3H yTTFaTaH H3p 6o0Ho. C3Hc3p r3,3F1 H3pHHfr CJHaMcaplyfi ToxH0onJ,aoop erceH x3p3r 6Hm, MOHvonI-yyLAbIH ra3ap The word 'Sansar' originates from the LLIHH)KHX ecTOH xo.i6ooToii fOM. HyTFHiiHxaH yF yyJnbr X3BT3)K 6aHiraa word 'Samsara' in Samgardi. The Lmap apcnaHFHviH x3n63pT3ii yyJI F3K X3JI3J1L1U3rHHH 33p 3H3 yYJblH 333H, word 'Sanser' has roots in the Tibetan XHHMOpH14r 3321317-I Hb _133A( a33ryypx3H, g3ji33 carcaHnJraH, llHyA33 language, 'seng ser' meaning 'yellow Ap3aHgjraH, 6ypyy TanbIH ypa xeeiHHF yparu XCHHXC X3BT3Ac 6aHraa apcnaH lion'. This translation relates directly 6aggar F3x J0oMoFJ1oH qpHwiuax 6yii. Ep Hb MOHFOJI ra3ap YCHbl H3pHHH to the formation of the landscape, 6yp31,a3xyyHYHa ra3pbIH 1jIF`JIOH TOFTCOH 6ai4nbIb IrHH4HKHH aH aMbTaHTaH which resembles a dormant lion a,qH21TraH H3pnJ3C3H 3yHJn [eeHFyH TaapaniLay 6in33. Bac 3apHM OHFOH reclining on the skyline. Mongolian ,JOFUJHH ra3ap 6yTOy TaxHjIraTaH ra3pbIH H3pHiwr 3epyynjxc LP33PJ3H H3pnI3X sacred places are often named after 35113aai 32163r 6aHicaH. AnaHryqa TyxaiH ra3ap YCHbl CaHrHHH CyapblF animals. There is a tradition to avoid 3OXHOH Ha pyynicaH XyH. )KHHX3H3 H3pi4Hr Hb Te1,L0eep opqyynax 6yioy using the actual names for sacred eeptiJieH H3pnJ3C3H TOXHoJiAon 6H4aHHii LyFyr.jyyjcaH X3p3FJI3rj3XyyHa places, as this is believed to brinig bad LteeHFyE jaApaura>K 6aHiHa. 4lyxaM 3H3 ilaJnTraaHaap CaHcap H3pH4iF fortune. The authors of manuscripts on C3HC3p 6o.nvoeoH 6onon-ToH F3AK y33>K 6aiiHa. sacred sites therefore oftcn translated 3H3 CylpbIr X3,LU4Wt 30XHOB F3.W3r Hb TO2popXoHfryH 6onoBB- 3OXHOH the Mongolian place-niames into HaHpyyJIcaH XYH Hb 6Ha 6YXHHii caHH M3,3X C3pTOF XyTarT JJyBCaHUYJIT3M Tibetan or Samgardi, or simply /hKaMiI EOM. C3pTOr xyTarr lHb )KaH)KHH IOHpblH xmAz3g 6aHicaH BopK4HFHHb1 renamed the place. Sansar mountain is aJl,apT .IaMbIH H3r 6Ere)E; X3A X3q3H 6oTb cyM6yMTarI XyH 60JIHO. in this manuscript named Senser Mountain. 180 SACRED SITFS OF MONGOLIA -2- _ ,_ ,, ,, ,*S. - -t 5-- - - . . -- - lF- _, 6 r I F **gvsr K - 6 Wneqcnnynz-gS4>l ? 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Bac 3allryyllaaa AMap TapHHH4F 184 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA BAYANTUKHUM SALT LAKE Information on the sutra: The text was written by the great _ *.. c scholar and philosopher, Zava Damdin, F at the request of Bikkhu Lama , drr\ & q\dl.PJCtsJ , Luvsantseren. In the introduction to the sutra- -- - manuscript, detailed instructions are given on how to perform the ______worshipping rituals for the lake. . . The sutra describes the deity of the lake r \ 1 N r t '1na , having a blue colored body and her two -I I C,ale a c, 4fa e N ,7 j .X Al Ala,(1 A1 arms are extended. The deity holds in . 1 ' one hand the Arura tree and in the other, . . . - - a bowl with water from the lake. 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Jlyc X1EAF33,a 6apmunyynaH MyycbIH aioyni, eB111H 6yFa33c xaFaLuyyn)c, 6He, X3A, C3Tr3ni caBRaaFHHH HOEx)p CXIT 0OpH4HH OpOHLkOO 3anlpax 60JnTyr-aH. 3aBcapT Hb FYPBbIr 3HX 3C3H amryynD)K, XOTOJn FYPBaH qyyniraH niyraa TFErenaop caHaxyfi: 60nITy-ail. TYYHH4i XYM133p 31-3 OpOH 3YFrHHH ra3apT E)BI41H, xopnIon, XOHOE)T E)HOa XyypmaFryHi aBpanbIH OpHbi 6arwl qyxar a33,a rypaB 3LU3CJ13H amHpjiaaa, caB, uImm epTOHLUl4iH epeenI Tan6i4aj yH3H XY1133p Xy1114H TOFRUOAp caxi4ynca!,T3,H r3p nIyc, UllHBaarmHH oryynicyr3ii. XOTOJI qyynraH TH14H LuaraaH 6YsIHbl 6R3r' -T3MaF33p 3yr, uIar 6yx3Hq Tyr3Xl4AH Cen3Hf OpWIHX 60JnTyraH. TYYH33 ,a3nir3pyyni633c: Or,Topryr4H yy,,amA eI314iiT caHiH rapi4r OqOH rapaaij X3M33X T3pryyT3H Oen3HrH XYTF14HH aJnb 60ojix 3OX14CTOHF Hb eryynICH33p Fa3pblH yy)KIHMa TyM3H lIUyx3pT HapHbl r3pgji rHi4DK XA3raapblF qH1M3H yginaTyf39. ApHycraJI 3ani6Hpani yyH33C xypaaXbIH 3aBcapT Hb XYMYYH"HA 3, 6aAjnar, opq xapiu, XOPeHre 30opi4ir, TOq][4 YnAJ)B33C: TaPH14 60JnH WYn13rn3C3H 6a ypr3RKHnIC3H 6yrqAnr aryyniaa,a q4m33,a 6acqRaH 1Uynr33p q 3BsHYYn3H yAAaD ox 6nojo X-3M33C3H Fagxamiui4rT OJIMAT 6YsAHbl 3H3Xyy q33, OpOH, yyHni4r, T41HH14C xaaHbi anTaH ypraac 3asqaT aryy)Kim H4X ra3pblr caxHrl 3CPYH, XOPMYCT, JIYCblH 3pXT3H, AlrHmc 6onioH XYMYYHHri 3px, 6y3lHbl xyq33p iHn3pxiHHeq oHaep TyLu33 ryHjaRaAa aINlmHH 3pX14H XYP,U3H 3pFyynI3rq T3pryyT3H 3H3 caHcapblH 14J3pXHA OHa0p X0lIIYYHbl niam, HOeH, Luap, xap HE+HT OJIHOOC AypazaH caHyyJIcaHA LllyT3)K 313rYYPblH A3ryypbir 6apxriM1AH TOiiH aypcT ,aamuaraop>K-633p H4X MOpe)H roJn 3)prX Hac LIor, 6yAH 3aAa, eceH XYCnnHiH 3,a 3,qJn3R .TYY-Hltf--X0B00HEe 6yyxyiil HagpyynicaHbl caiiH 6y51H aplsBqar. 3HryH Lor yqpan, Apyy aAaap, XM41-UHr 6YAHblr Hb coepx. _JIYBaaH>Kani6blH (JIycbIH 3pXT xaaHbl)TapHH, TOrTOOJI Hb: TabAbvaTxaa. AjnryycaH wlawllHHU3nr3p3,3Az LullaIHbir, 6apl4Fql4HH HacaH CYY93p jlxaapaHiH aZx?aaHH4. YaaxaapaHiH. Camnpa TH4LITxa TH46H 3aqa 6apHa. 6aTgawo CaT'bAa i-paTHt. - XYBparyy,AbIH TOO OJIU.IPOO; C3Tr3nIa 30XHlCT HOMJIOJI 6YT33Jn ;13nr3p3H 3-bHaaHa naTH4. YTnaTa HH614 HaamaHl-1. A6xmLI4Hb3aHH4 Mmx 6bAaxaap. XaaH, TYILUM3Jn xapnHr i4prvAyya 3HXWK4H xKapr-a)K xHuiiHr 6ysAH Hb LIlty6xaa 6HT14. A3Mmapy. D3 XH Kym6aaHa. F3aaxa x,3pa KJI33IIIaaHa. AtXYHa 0H,q0pC0)K 6aanaMa. llIo,xaa. MaHraHa. BiHpaaX3Ka axapmaTa IIuyAxa. JIOKa 6H4TH syX Jn C3Tr3Jn HOM-,JOP 3yrHiiH caltH 6YAlHbIF C0epXoH xaiipja. maT14 paa3a cagxy xaLuamaHa capBa bymixa a6njoxaHa aqxl4l.TH npa3bAHAa X3M33H oryyni33, xi4LijrnHr4 yyaaH yAJInacy. 3bHAaHa 6x,33 cyyxaa x3m33x 6oioiH. Tyyr33p HrLiaar oryyniDK OJI3 3C oJIox OFOOT 3C M3,j3J X3M33X T3pFyyTH33P 198, SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA ,)a3JIF3P MOPOH DELGER MORON SACRED RIVER ,at3JI3p MOPHHH caH Hb xoep xyy,iac 6eree100 HX TeJneB eep 6yca OJIOH Information on the sutra: yyJI YCbIF aypqIcaH caHTaHi xaMT ABjaF. DH-3 Hb 3acaFT XaH aiMr,fHH The sutra was written by Lama XoTrofiii TaBaH XOUIyyHbl HyTaFT 6arTax ,i31Jf3nM3p-MepHHi caH 60JHo. Dagvadarjaa in tribute to one of Mongolia's longest sacred rivers. The MOHFOJIbLH 3H3 anuapT MGPHHH caBa 3X OpOHt maaap BaH HHHFyH>KaBbIH original manuscript is kept by Lama .zTypcraji MOa, OBOO, JaqH3ypx, XyjraHa yyn3, HapaH yyn7, 3yll3rTHiH roOJIa Jigjidsuren in Khovsgol Province. 6H-I4rFT xeoiee, U3JIT3c, XsLaFb1H FOJI, YylurIi-iH eOepT 6yraH xe0iuee 33p3F TYYX uypcFaJIbIH 3yIJI 1 eeHryHi 6Hii. MeH 3H3 MepHHH caB Ap6ynar The Delger River is a tributary of the CyMbIH HyTraac 1953 OHZ MeHxXaaHbi rF3p33T xeuee OJACOH 64u33. Selenge River and has an estimated ,E(3JIF3p MepHI14 Tyxaii OJIOH caH-xaH yy UJly.3r 6ul. length of over 440 kilometers. Smaller rivers such as Beltes and Bugsei Tyxaijn6a.i: contribute to Delger River. ,ZJI13p MepHHH XeBeeHa Hb ,133,aHiH ?KapraJIbir 3A33j1j133 6H. The Delger River basin is rich in historic MeaxeH 3pF33,Ul HPH33 F3)1C finds. The discoveries include a MepeHrH14Hxee IyJIyyHaac aBjsaa... memorial sacred tree dedicated to an honorary nobleman, Chingunjav, who r3)I qpyy Hagpari TH.,aarBajop)K14H 30X4OCOH ca9xaH ayyHb1 lUy.J3r 64ii. fought for Mongolia's independence, Yr caHrI-iiH CyqpbIr 3ox4ori BajiraHLua.sHWiB4AoP)K Hb 3yyrn4iH iiam several memorial plates inscribed with ,UaFBaNap)Kaa 60oJHo. 3H3 CyApbIr qOKTOp, npofeccop J.Xyp3ji6aaTap traditional scripts, and stones depicting XeBcFeni aHMFH4HH MepeHOHH XypJIbIH J1aM 85 HacTa i )K1FKuacyp3H images of deer and other animals. ryaiiraac 6yynraH aBi4pcaH 60oHo. MOHFOAbIH TAXHAI'AT YYA YCHbl CyAAP OPLlIBOT 199 - -_------. 1 - - 43r313P MOPHHIK CAH OPmBOH I 1S~"S 4wma5n,Qfd [ jcsW4l5a4tlfl,stqq50qil B11oqq;]4,46yXHui4 6arm maBb, 3pJa3MT Taxih, HexeJ C3ITHHH 11,a4 icS7 iwoinYl~t(sA a;satt;M Aj OB'IhH, rai 6apujar aMHpnaaja, Hac 6ysrH J,3J1r3p,3r 1 < sit*\R\vtt2Q<>&\ 3 MaibIH eBqHH, MqOHbIH XOHO&JI, xyJralaH433p3M, rap3bIH aMbIr Mainmig aBpaH caxnxK, 433411H oMer cagaH 6onxc xaHpina rc an ^ MaragTaibia_ ^ o ,> ,,_s311 .OpHOO. . raH;i;,. 3yL,^ XhApyy MEHJpHHfr HOMXOTrO. r'-' t1 t MaII cyprFHiIH EBIH4H,apaaTHbIXOP.JIOJbiraMHpJIyyJI? xaI4pJIa. s X Se m ;. .S ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Hxuac, 3yabIH aioyjiaaC 3aiijyyji) aMyyTra. -_- '"i' l- fHnT3j T3p M3T acapBaac 3yypabIH T3Hr3p, eTrEpI4H XeHOOeI HB33nryii EBqHH xH)KHr, xaMyy HsCyy, 600M Hepee - ~ ---b>-,z >fzri4s~~I1giNl- 1 5150E6l.>4iftt40Bq\3ryypyxaaHbir 6api4rq EanraHiiiaABI4Rqopx' H3pT-633p HalpyyxiaB. t44i('4 Th4\r 1' 48i 5Wq W4\s 200 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA OHOHFHRH XAJIYYH PAIIAAH caMrapa,i X3JIHHI AHa6ag 6yc Anavatapta F3q3F1-H3pHHH xypaaracaH x33163p. 3H3 Hb KaCnhlIH ,Aanaii 6HLH. CapaT qaHrpaLac: "ma-phang, 3H3 CyDpblf [UlaLHbl a33,q CyPFpYJ]HrIH 6auuj, TOeBJe'i LL.CoHH1H6aAIpaac ma-pham, ma-dras pa " F3?K 6n433, MaaHcapooBap Hyyp, Kalinac yYTbIH 6yyjiraH aBaB. CyllpbIH Tercr'eojJHH yr33c y3B3YI ,OTHbl LuaBb flpaAKHbq eJIMHH1 OpllHX xoep ?H)KHF HyypbLH H3r mtsho ma pham (MaHaM aanaai) KHpTHHH ,ayp,jcHaap 6Hir-iy CyMaiHpacM14 OHOH1 HilH xaJIyyH paumaaHj q F3K1-H3pJ13H3. (3- 947) r3c3H 6afiHa. 6afix yeCT33 61HqB 173)1<33. H3p33 camrapjuiap op-IyyMaa yn-aMaKmilanbLY MeH "3H3Tx3r1H-H TyyX3H ra3ap YCHbl TOJIb"-J [Hyyp,AB3JI: xapraJ3aH HlpaWiHb5 KHpTH X3M33X caMrapjH H3pHlflr TeBJeOep 6yynrIFaBan "3pTHHHi H3p Hb EpaxMacap (lpaxMa Hyyp), 3H3 Hyypaac 3H3TX3r 6onoH MJJapaB,aFBa, CyMaanpacMH Hb J1yBcaH-Oa 6oJIHo. OHoHFHIiH xaniyyH ayllaa A31HIH OJIOH roJI 3X aBsar. FaHra MepHHH 3X q 3H3 6yii. YYHHH4 palLiaaH Hb 5IMap IMap eBqHH 3MF3FHI4F HjaapLuyynjiarFi4Ar 3H3 CaHFl4HH TeB, H3p Hb Comopana 6o0uHo F3)K33. 3H, H3r3H 3yAJI T3Ma3FJI3X3,L cy,fapT jyp,qcaH Hb H3H coHHpXoJITOH 6aHHa. 3H3TX3rFyy,T, TeBaIHH mtsho (Hyyp qanaHi), Ma pham (MariaM) r3C3H xoep OHOH-irH4H paLLiaaH Hb X3HTHiH aHMrHHH HyTaFT OHOH rOJnbIH yFHiF H1HJIyyJI)K eepc,414iH Ayyuinaraap 6onrow33. 4iiHxyy camFapgiw 3X3H, (3.y. 1080 49, x.e. 480 56) J.T.Ji 1950 M eOHep OpmI-O. Xopb rapyii H3pIHH TEBg xyyni6ap optyynira Hb 3pF33I 9H-3TX31 X3J1H33 OpCOH Hb COHHH 6yniar 6yxHi4 3H3 paLuaaH OA, XeBq, cypnjJ3r- YYCbIH .ayHa OPllHHX TyJI xypq y33I,x3i 6onHo. OqmXO,a 6araryHi caaaTail. "Xex TyJIXyyp" X3M33X TOJib 6H'4IHFT `H313H HyypbIH H3p 6o0iox OHOHF1H4H paiuaaHbIr TaxHXbIH TyJIn ManaM ,gajiak opLucoH nuyc 6a yTra Hb XYHT3H Hyyp X3M33X 6yioy (4- 448) 1-3)K33. MeH T3H: "AHa6aj caB,LrlH1f 3XJ`33JI ypHH 3anjx 6aHiHa. MOHrOJIbIH aIiaapT roji, HyypblH caH r3,A3F TyHaManJ 6yKoy OeJIreeH r3C3H yTraTaiH 3H3TX3F yr. MoHro.noop 3c 6o0JoH uauaJii M5JiaajiFbIH YF3Ha ManaM uajiaji, AHaBa, 6yioy AHaMaag 6y-nHHrapTarM r3c3H yr" ( 4- 53) F3)K TaHJ16apJIa>K33. 'yxaMaaa ganaia F3C3H H3p 3J163F TaapaJiirar. YYHHii 6apMMT 6onwroA aMaH 6a caMrapHUlHHl Anavatapta F3C3H H3pHF TOeBAOeep madros mtsho r3w 6HtIrHiH 30X140J100C X3,q3H wKIII33 aB'bq. yrqFHJDK OptYYJ1CHblr ,araH MOHFOJIOOp "Yji 6yji33,a3x ganaHa " ' Dc ManaM MxuaiaAH yHgax 6yn33Anc3H ra3ap" ( -1235) F3)K op'yy.ncaH Hb 3eB 6eree, "Dc MaTap 3araCHbI xojaoojUoop XH4C3H 6yirnHvapTarv F3C3H Hb 3HRYyyp3J] 6oJIonoITi. Jly "AJnTaH TOBY" "Dc uaByy (1-60) r3x 6yioy: 6HnH44Yc3H" F3C3H yrHHF xaaJITaa "raTjlax " r3?K TaHJIcaH Hb MeH JI 3JI,3B 3p.a3H3C33p UOFUOJICOH CyM63p yyni MHHb TaLuaapaJi, "3C 6yn33,ayrcc3H" 173B33J 3OXHX 6agAi33. YFTaa camrapjii 3H,j T3HLa33C OJIOH MepeH LiyTracaH H3pHHH YTFbIF "HapHbl Tysiaraap 6yri33c3vrryfi Ja-JaA FW3C3H yTraap yxaap' A Ha6a,a,ajiaA MHHb (1-63) 6ojiMoii. Dc 6HHlyrc3H (raT.jax) ,LaB.lara HXT MaHaM ,aanai MHHb 3H3 6yXH33C ypryyjiaH TOBqOOp AyFH3B3J1 MOHFOJI X3I-HHI4 AHaMau 4 DJI,,3B )apal-IH AKHFYYP JInF33 TOFCCOH HX Xy'`IIIT rapqi4 MHHb(l-9 ) ianaA Hb caMrapAi X3IH33 3pT LJafT Anavatapta F3?K H3pj13,a3r 6ailcaH, r3X M3T3,1 6aHraal H3pC Hb IeJM H3rIjiaJNaHH (HyypblH) H3p 6oJIHo. AHaMaq TeB1L0eep Ma naM ilo 6o0ncoH MaaHcapooBap HyypblH H3p 6onHo. 3H3Xyy jIanaH H3piH4r 3dPHM 3p,Tq3MT3H "KaciHHiH Jaa1air- TeOBeep ManaM (Te. CaHFHI4H cyiapT vapq 6aHraa Ma jpoc jo rv3j3F H3pHHAr yj1aM)Kjnanblr t ma pham) r3x 6a DH3TX3r X3JI3Ha AHa6aa F3)K X3JIj3r-. MOHFoji apITbIH aaraH MaHiaM F3?K Op4yynJCHbI y IHp 3H3 6yIoy. aMaH 3OXHOJIbIH 3yH9ji AHaMaa 6onaK OpCOH 6aHiHa" (2-138) r3-K OHOH rOJIbIH H3pHJH rItpnbll- bypHaTibllH 3pa3MT3H MenHbxeeB TaAin6apja>K33. "caniaa" (pa3BIH'UHKa) F3C3H yTraTaH 6ypHatblH OHO (H) F3C3H YF33C AHa6a,a janar TBjOeep ManaM I13,j3F Hb yH3H. AHaMaa Jib YYCC3H r3)K T0COOJ1K 6aHHa. Oepeep x3-J63j1 OHOH, HHF3r3A XOep FOnI Hb MOHJOAbll{ T-AXHAFAT YVA YCHbi CYAAP OPLLBOA 201 LUIHJIKa FOJblr yyCr3a3F. Pa3BHJHIHKa Hb paccoxa F3c3H H3p TOM'bCOTOi ONON SACRED RIVER )JyHH3. Paccoxa Hb canaa, caniaanax, rOJIbIH xoep 3x 60nHo (6- 87) FWC3H 6oji X'Tara YJICbIH 3pJ3MT3H UI-.LU3X13HIOIT "ApBaH HyTar" r3C3H yTraTaH Information on the sutra: Typ31 FapaJlTaii yr F3?K TaiiJ6apJia>K33. COJOHrOCbIH 3pa3MT3H KHM KH The sutra was written by Bikkshu CoHb ConoHrocbLH TOMXOH roJIblr K.in, xaH (FoH XOH) r3C3H H3p33p Sumadirasmi, while he was visiting the H3pJI3,3r F33, MOHFOJIbIH OHOH H3pH917 6 yT3313p 60nroBon OH-OH 60nox hot springs at the source of the river ecToii. 3pTHH4i yTra Hb YYT roji r3C3H yTraTaH. 3PTH14H MOHFOJI X3JI3HJ Onon. rojibir xaH XOH < OH< XOH < hon r3,a3r 6af4caH Hb HJf3pXHii F3ar`4H M3,a3X3Jq xAI6apxaH IOM r3)K 33p31 rOP4JICOH 30xiojgoo 6'nK33. The printed copy has been obtained ConoHroc, MOHFOJI X3.n3Hg 6aiiraa 3H3 x3n63p Hb 6yp ypaI-anTaiiH from Sh. Soninbayar, Professor at X31-HHH yeHiH yn MepHI4r xaarajmK YJIaC3H 6aixbwr yryi!cr3xryiR. F3B3-i Zanabazar University of Buddhism 3BeHK X3XH33 3yHbI LuaFT LII4pr3,a3r rOJIbIf OHIHbOO F3WK H3p.J34IHiir Studies, Ulaanbaatar. aHxaapaxryii eHrep4 6o0ioxryi. MOHFOJIbIH ymapT HyTF4HH ra3ap YCHbI H3p,4 3BeHK rapaITai H3p 1ueeH 6yc TOXHO4J1aOHO. I4HF3K y3]3Js The source ofthe Onon River is situated OHFHbOO > OHHbO> OHOH 60noH XYBHpcaH 6aiigx Maragrym4. at the northern slope of the Khentii 3H,R H313H 3ynJIHrF T3Ma3FJI3X3A XqTaa cygiaa4, 3pT3MT3H 51.FaH6aaTap Khan mountain range and flows over OHOH ron F3c3H H3p HOH ron 6oncK yyH33C MoHron r3C3H H3p yycc3H 800 kilometers to join the Shilka river F3)a3r caHaJIbr 3p,MMH14H 33p3F xamraanicaH 6yT33JIA33 ,-33IU1yyJIC3H 6yii. in Russia. 1. JIy. AJITaH TOBq., YE- 1990 2. MoHron ap,abIH aMaH 3OX4OJIbIH a33wK 6H&Hr. l11.FaaaaM6a. The Balj River is its largest tributary. ,T,.La3p3HCO,RHOM. YE. 1978 The source is located at 1950 m. altitude 3. Tibetan English Dictionary, by Sarat Candra Dass, New Delhi - and surrounded by twenty other hot 1979 water springs which are said to have 4. Koke Tulkiguri, B.Vangyal, Koke qota 1987 medicinal qualities. 5. MoHronbcKo-PyccKo-(DpaHLUy3cKHiiH CJIOBapb. TOM I-III, 1844- 1849 6. MenbxeeB. EiypHTcKax ToHiOHHMHKa, YnaH/Y,13 202 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA 3t~~~~~~~nz 141g0n- zN;-t$4 stl9 3|+1r 1q4g4ntip9at '-tr,eH:M1l < t ."? 2' 1. ;-s-' ;- -~ -J - _;|v-gj,L,,,, , ,;d, L -, ._ v-h,,-~~~~~~~~~~~~Irv 3r4Wf - q"n-xr,I T; r;, Q^.t ,TF g; 1 1 c a DrSsETY\ 4 s * 11 # of t - | 11 1q<21!1> s a -ileFOwllMA \E,j b.SelPl1 1ls-gtS C.ll'I r,l~tilsimen f t"is C tUX . - +^\o>;elro-wel- ;r..j a''F4'4|ttt;¢r-IX pr I!, -ij9ei-fzqTki H ! it't t .. t. w "M)t Ow Ont ;4it.<3.>>rg Elf- JIIr'5>Iel;t -1 1l;¢*tP .~~~~~~~~OFAI TA AA YYA YCb CYAAP OP..r 203 - - OHOHFIHf4Hr -= XAJIYYH PAIIAAHbI CAH ger~-______- T A X IIJI, TY C A M FA JIA H F14fI H YY JIH IIII t '\Sll -rl;'lSl--lrJles rZlod trZ, l -- : 0 0 HaMo rypy 6xaMa: 3H3 raiHxaMIIHrT JIYCbIH 3M paiIIaaHbI XaJIyyH ycHaa caH TaXim yH.F,3x4Hr XYCB33C TyyHH4H 3, 3aH, .IyCbIH 3M, 3e3p HYYII 3M TaH, 3JI,q3B XyK4c, 3JI13B MOg, rypBaH uaraaH, rypBaH aMTaT T3pryyT3H Tepen 6ypHI4H yp 60JIoH Max, ,aapc, capMHc, COHFHHOOC xapaaT 6yc 3JII3B 14933, OpLUbIr XOJIbCHOOP ''--St, J aBpawJIbIH-- _ -- C3TF3JIHHRF ypblaap YYCF3H T3HF3pHHH OMOr jiyraa TeFe)JIahep aUICTHJIajaaq HHIHT1HIH ecoop y4J1a3X 3H3qJI3H 6yioy: 333, 3H3 3aM6yyTHBlHH UOFHOHMOJIT 3pXHH ManaM JqaYia4, OpIICOH 3pXT JIYCbIH xaaH, Hexe, C3IT 3H3 OpHOO a)xpaH 3ajlpaFTyH. Ailxe, CaiiH X3BT3f1, Y3B33C FOO ra3pbIF Cagaajian yryii 6apn4rq 3pXT CaiixaH 3yJI3r, raJI6ap6aacaH oil u3LupjI3r CapyyJI Hyra XeH,H14, LU3UF3C 3e3pHi4H HyyLU 3M, T3Hr3pHHH yc 3H3 6yXH33p xaMFHHFr qHM33g FariXaMiiiHrT paImaaHbI xa.ayyH YCHbI FaTaJIrarF tiyyjiraHbI 333H T3pryyT3H 6aTgaKa TaHcar )KaBxyLaHTar Ma Hallpyy 3OXHCT TaJITari 21YCbIH 3M X3M33H ajviapHImcaH XajlyyH paIuiaaHbi ra3paa OPIICOH XaH Xyfl4T OpHbI 333H T3Hr3p JIyC, HeXaIHH iyyjiraH T3HrC4aajiaHH 3M, aJI64H T3pryyT3H CaBgar, mHE Bqar, OpHbI T3Hr3p 204 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA CauI 6ac X,3BLk3F aOf-LL14H nIyc C.3JT OXHHH OIOY 3pa3H3 M3T33p Aptlyianiaap 30tLIJ1H 3Ha 3anipaaa Apxar OBqHHEfHr xoUOLtpOYH Ani)Kaanjryi OOp eep14AH 6asmcraniaHFrHHH TaBLtHaa opi-oo! Apiurax 3MT YCbIr coepx. 3nl,q3B 3yAJI xy>K, caAH 3M Apyp TlHHH AJnryycaH M3TAHH DJI,a3B TOpAWHH MOj XHAF33,a Api4YH 3MT YCbIr c0epx D3I,U3 aMTaT uaraaH 14933 C3JIT TaaryA XIIH, Ltec, 6aaraHa T3pryyTH14i DJIna3B OJIOH yp T3pFyyT3H TaBaH IJynI, 3ypraaH caB OPBsJn30H 6agapcaH ranAg LuaTCHaap XaniyyH XyAT3H, ye rH14WYYH YH3PT yTaaHbl tlyynjraH IJOrFI Xamar cy,jac IHOpMOCHIA eBq4HH YX3nIFr4H 3am Mep 6yxH,33 Aniar maXTax, TyniaH x3p3x Yni3m)i orooT TYrC3H YYF:)3p: AJIHBaa Tax4p ,40orIonH, XYJF3H3 AAa, TaJn TajiblH 0BtlqlH rapaXbIF HaHimaH FHI.UYYH TerC TE)r0n,jep TacniaH j4naapiulyyniaH 3,ar33x 60JnTyraHi. HaHipTaHi ManaM janiag OplIICOH XYH 30Hbl HaCHbl LfeB HapmaH JIYCblH 3pXT xaaH Dq 6aqjnri4fH raii rap3 6oniOH HaHimaH JIyc, HOXOj CXnTHIAr api4ycra3i. Xqmpani camyypani, X3pyynl T3ML13J] OH1L raiixamiui4rT xanyyH paLLiaaHbl xXpyy MOHa0p, COXOp aoronioH, raH 3yZ4 OXb tlyyniraHbI 33HHHr api4ycraA. AMbTaH XYMYYHH1H qyxar XYC,3J T3pFyyT3H OpHbl 333H, JIYCblH 3M AMHlH HaCHbl XA3raap XYPT3ni amHpjiaaa OpqJIOH caHCpb]H xaTHblr api4ycraA. Hac 6YAlH, Lor ytIpa.TbIH T.3Hr,3p nIyc, AaianaHH 3m, an6H4H HarlpTag cafHH tlyynraHbIr apBHTraH 3O0X40. T3pryyT3H HOXRHAHH yyniraHblr api4ycra54. EC 60JnrOH WIyTC3H 6YXHHH Fia 6ypHnii c3p3mwKryrH yiini x3p3r ECTOH XylH,33p aMbTaH 60JnrOHbI lsacxyy MyHxarianIbIH xapraEiraap AXYHi OpHOO HaC Hb ypTga)jK Fa3ap C3HaJ3X, qynlyy XOBXnOX AMraniaH x(apraRaH, OWMHHryri 6onooA MO,a OFTJIOX OH roH yc 6ypTarniax lOy caHacaH ecE)H XYC3nI Hb E)c XOH3OH, 6y3ap 6ypTar 6OC1HHH 6y3ap fOyHaac q ILuamRaaryfir33p eecoeH 6yT33,q E)Hro aMTHbl 6y,3ap, yniaaH 6y3ap 33p3r lOYT3J]ryf X0HT TOpOJIa HBaa)KHHa TepeX )eePXOH xopjiyyN/ax, xapryyLuaniax 60JITyraii X3M33C3H OHHFHrl-HH xaniyyH paLLiaaHbl caH TaxiHni TyC Oo,aryi 6yxHHiHl- XYnIU3H 60nrFoo. aMraniaHrHHH YYn13H LLOFL YYHHHgr ,aOTHbI IllaBb FlpaX MOHrOAblli TAXHArATIYYA YCHbl CVAAP OPLUBOn 205 TYXAIIJIAH TAFHA, YBC HYYP TAGNA SACRED MOUNTAIN AND UVS LAKE 3ii cyAap X3n 30XHOJbIH Xyp33JI3HFH4aH TOBq HOMbIH xeMperT 806 Information on the sutra: )ayraapbIH 6ypTr3nT3i xajranaraaxK 6aiiraa 60JIHo. LtaacHbl X3M)K33 17 This manuscript on Tagna and Uvs is CM x 6 CM, 4 xyyjaacHaa xap 63x33p 6w4IC3H 6yii. 3oxHorHIiiH H3p particularly special as it focuses on both ToAopxouiryi!. Yr cyqapT rapi 6aiiraa TarHa Hb MaHaii yncbIH 6apyyH mountains and lakes. The Tibetan copy XOHT X4JIHiH ruaaHa oplllaor ypr3JI)KI4JIc3H YPT Hypyy. TYYHI-4 can6ap of the sutra is kept in the archive of the X3C31 Hb YBC, XeBcFeji, 3aBXaH a9MriJ4H HYTaFT OP)K HpC3H 6yi. TarHa Language and Literature Institute, r3Jg3r H3pni4H 6yTU3Ha OpCOH Tar Hb yyn, Hypyy r3C3H yTraTaii Typ3F Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar. rapjibIH yr. Though most of the Tagna Mountain YBC Hyyp Hb Mx HyypyyaIIH XOTrOpT YBc afiMrF4iiH HyTarT 3.y. 92 50', Range now lies outside the national x.e. 50 30' -a, 745 M eHOepT opim,aor aaBcTaii, TOMXOH X3MWK33H14iH border of Mongolia, part of the TOr-MOJ Hyyp. mountain range borders the territory of Uvs, Khovsgol and Zavkhan Province. YBC r31t3r H3p Hb Typ31 X3JIHHI ub /ram-uyyH/ + su /yc = FamyyH yCT f3C3H yTraTaii 60nHo. The name 'Uvs' originates from the Turkish 'ub', meaning bitter and 'su' T3cHiiH ron Hb lByniaiiH apaac 3x aBw YBC HYYPT 1yTragar, ypT Hb 568 meaning water. Uvs Lake is the largest KM. T3pryyn3r' u3uIruHH sI3ryypbiH H31 3yi4JI Mo0,bIr T3C r3x 6ereea land-locked lake in Mongolia and is BynHaii,q ypralar. T3c ron Hb 3H3 MOXgHbI H3p33p H3pJI3rF,4C3H 60noyITo0i. situated at 743 meters above sea level. 3H3 H3p MOHrFOJIA Iq Teaui4iryii 6apyyH eBponog q TOXIOJInWOrHiH H31 Its width and length are measured at 6apHMT Hb LyHaH MOpHHlH 3yyH rapbiH uyTran 6onox THca ron tOM. 3apHiM eighty kilometers. The Nariin, Sagil, 3p;j3MT3,q THca r3,q3r 3H3 H3pHiF cjiaB5IH rapaJITag THC /MORHbI H3p/ r3AK Borshoo and Khundlen sacred rivers y3C3H 6aH,aar. YyHHHr yH3HHH XyBbTaH r3B3Jn MOHFOJI X3JIHii T3C, cIiaBH also reach the lake. THC H31 rapaJITaH 6aiDi Maragryii. 206 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA CAI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -m------> -As ! 1|i 4Y't8d,9PkM4A rjLU 11 . + qt~ . .~ c F > _ -- H T H .~~~~ 1Af. ~~~~~~~hi Q C--- L _ 2 <> 5 55 ;; 1 1 5 X n a~~q I'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 .Rl8 flt11X R',34 t 4,rw-Nj ai gRci r9QiIcn\1(A Q(qa\ t1 ik~~~~~~- ; _-r- - i- - w_...... i~~~~c NN 4,q,.,k .r - S v __ . : . _> -*f- > - = _ _ 11 , * m- r - - __ _- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~UAC Awl# - st iL o4 44fq Stn 1XqF Iq MOHFOAbIH TAX>IAFAT YYA YCHbI CYAAP' OPIIIB01 207 TYXAfIJIAH TAFHA, YBCbIH CAH OPWIBOII OpHbl 333H, ;13JIXHHH 333H OpHbI T3HF3p xaMri4H1r cafHa5i. 333, HexeH ToBxHHJ600c 6H1HHHH uor jiyraa qyypcxaH 3OXI4OCOH 1 A 3YYP yHHa3CHHH 11aM, 5aaM, 6ypxaUbIH iyyjiraH HernHrceH 6a 3C HeVr-II4FCeH T3H13P xaMrHFr caFHaq. 5AiryycaH 6aaTap, tarvHHac, HOMbIF T3TFr3314HH caxHlycHyyll CaH TaxHmi, 6anIHHrHHH ,1a33,a3,qF33pHHF TaanaaA T3HF3p paKluac, HaHMaH aMMaF OpHbl 333H, LUHB1Baai Caninanvryi 6a 6ypH1H4 6arL iilaBb, OFJIe14rHl 333,j, HeXq[ArF T3p 6yxH33c OHUrFOJIOH TarHa, 1I4ayr yyni XHHr33Ja eOepT FYpBaHTaa xap)K, 1eHe1H0 rypBaHTaa MaHaH T3HF4C rajiaii YBCbIH T3c, 3pCyH Fon T3PFYYT3H Oea ypyyraa 9BarFC,blF F3pnJ33p YFTaH 3OX140. T3p 3yF1HH yyn yC, Hyyp anar4, xaa qynyy, oHi Lyryi EPTeHLI4HH 3H3 OpHOO X5pyy MeHAep raH 3ya T3H.a3X UeepeM 6ypU, 6ynar mlaHaaHa OpLICOH Ep XyH, MaJ1bIH xyqI4p e)B4HHHF T3rL cajlyy aMHpJnyyji)K T3Hr3p nyc, 6o0uiHap, ,3jJxHi4 ra3pblH 333, Hac 6yMHbI lor yLipa1i, Apyyraap aJi,apLIcaH 6yxH14ir Dc HerIceH XHMF33J HerceH caHcap HI4PBaaHbl 30-HH 6yua HaipTaH HIHH3,a4HHH capaH M3T a3JF3pyynJ1K xapjia. 3,ayr33 3HU 3aiiapq TYC Tycraa 6agcaH 6aTag opmli. Acap FyPBaH CpTeHJHHH aMbTaH 6yxHuI4r 3PX3HA33 xypaarTyH ATaaT xopnior ,aaiCHbl TOTrOpblf OrLWHOOp MeXee)FTyH. 333, ApBaH 3yriHH XOTOJI FYPBaH iyyJnraHbl XiuHFr 6yAH EOJRbTOH 63nTr3XK, C3TF3J133p xyBnracHaac yyqC3H HyylU yTniara AJI3aJIryI 3gayr33 6HH4HHi! 6yqH XHmIHr JIyr33 0e0aze1 3anpaFTyH BOnOH raRaaa aOTOOa TaxHn 6aniH C3p>KMIHH JaJIaH yyr33p ByAH 6onTyraw. farwI 1iaM, AaaM, 6ypxaH 6o0bcaaBaa X141F33,a baaTap kaFIHHaC HOMbIr T3TF33'I4H CaXl4yCHbl '-yyjiraH T3Hr3p, paKulac, HaHMaH aHMar OpHbl 333H UHB14aar T3Hc3nvryi caHcap HHpBaaHbl 30'4HH 6yx3H HB33Fa3X 6o.IlTyraii. APHYH 3,L 3aH, aniHBaa apu Xy)KiCc, 3Jna,3B 3pZ(3H3C AMTaT yp )KHMC, XHIB TOpFO, 3aMap, HA1433 T3pFyyTHHHF ArHHiH raTA iLUaTaaCHbl yTaaH yynHiur yX3JIFyHH Mep. aYYPr3H A,q6HIIIi3Fyyp yHHA3CHHH 11aM, 5maM. T3HF3pHHH t yyjiraHbIr carHa5 bac 6yc 6ypxaH 6oUbCca,Baa, wUapBara XaMrHHr carFam baaTap, ,aaFIHac HOMbIF T3TF3'-I caxHynIcaHbIF caFHaq. OHU AlnaHr-y3a cyM63p iX TaFHa YY11bIF carHa3i. Oioy HX qanaif YBC, YJ13M)K YCT T3CH'ilH F011blF carHaA. 3pCyH T3pryyT3H yyn yc, MepeOH FOAblf carJHa5i. 3H3 XaBHHH uoepom 6ypa 6oxroHoo OplHCOH 3pXHH T3Hr3p, nyc, T3HF3p 6yc, 6oj4Hapblv yJIU33JIFyH carHaq. DH T3pryyHq 3H3 3yrfHH ra3ap HyTaFT OpLLICOH 208 SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA X3PJD3H [OJI KHERLEN SACRED RIVER -X3pJ13HivIiiH caH OpIJIBOII X3M33X 3H3 65iuxaH cyaap Hb aKaqeMH4q liqjorinatioti on the sitra: Lj.,aaMJHHcyp3HFr4HH H3p3M,hN1.K F3p My3eIIH XOpMOFT MH-996 E3C3H The single surviving manluLscript on1the ,jyraapTai1 xaAranarua-A 6aiii-aa 6o0Ho. X9p.JJ3HrHiiH CaHl-4TiH eep Kherlen river is kept in the private xyBi4JI6apbiF 3H3 XHlp OJD* y3c)HFyi1, rarFLxyy 3H3 H3r3H 3XIH1H xyynira Mi3p collection of the academician C3p Taapa.J1a-aHa. Ts.Damdinsuren. 3H3 CygpblH TeFCFOeJHIH yF314,: "Ymap 3yFI4HH BapFbIH OpHbl HoeH It is assumed that the sutra was written )KaHqIlB,JOPWK 3H3 M3T H313H X'3p3r`r3H X3M33H 3apjJHrFIacaH4jiaH upon the request of a nobleman from LIJarFKHRH TOiIH AFBaaHIoiAorEaMLu6ahicaH6o HaIpyynjCHbI 6wm3 q Hb the Barga minority region, residing in TOEiH AFBaaHTop>K 6oiioii" r3c3H 6yii. T3rDvxjl3p 3n1 CyjpbIr X3p.r3H the Kherlen area. xasuap HyTariiaJK 6aicaH l3aprbIH HOeH 30XIIOjirOCOH 60o.oJIToii. The Kherlen river, which flows through 4x X3HTHIlH HYPYYHbI eBep 63D3DC /1750 M eHapeec/ 3x aBq ypcax FBOrAbIH the territories of several aimags to the roni, L1araaH rFoJI XOepbIH yyiI3BapbIF X3pJI3HfHHH 3X F:AK y3a3f. northern border of the country, has a MOHrFOJ1bH .LTOpHOA X3CFIHH jyHayyp X3Da3H aHMrHi4H HyTraap ,aM)KHH length of around 1100 km. It is a ynCbIH XHTI XypT3n 1090 KM ypca)K XHjIHH qIaHaj ,,a.naii HYYpT uyTrax, tributary to Dalai Lake andis considered HOMXOH,TaajaHH a14 caBu 6arTax 3H3XYY FOJIbIH H14T YPT Hb 1264 KM a)K33. to be one of the main rivers of the Pacific drainage basin. X3pJI3H FDC3H H3p Hb "MOHFOJlbIH HYYI TOBqOOHHLi X3nyp3H F3>K T3MLa3FJI3DFrC3H, ?KHHX3H3 3pTH14X Hb x3JI63p 6o0IHo. X3DJypyH F3ClH H3p The original name for Lake Kherlen was Hb aBi4a TOHFOpCHbI yjimaac 3,ayrF33 X3p.J3H 6oniKD3. spelled as 'Khelurun' in the ' The Secret History of Mongols' which recounts the 3pTHHH MOHFojIqyy}IbIH yyryyni yc, tIJYTJ13FT MepeH X3pJ]3H Hb OJIOH apBaH history of Chingis Khaan's empire. ypaH 3ypaF, epeeni MaaTaaJI, Tyy LHIy13FT MOHXPEH yJnJC3H IOM. MOHFOAbliH AXMArAT YVA VCHbI CY2AI) 0I1LUBO[I- 209 VIIODNOW J0 SE1IS UThDVS OIZ 'UouCog xKdotrHniaw H"O0 qH hCChH9 IqHO3t•XdHE_H OYHPLPZ)9BYtIIAN10oImOhHHE[W HCUVIICIfCJm HH)IJ?M HiIihHP3fuumrdrE HCCWCX - k r .iJt' ki½& cQ _ k ) i4llXcdcX HC1SC icw CHC)KdOLffhHPIKH OH iqHdo rInudreq Hum£ duvi• HCCNCX 5,. .Xan-tV 1A i) \ v. .1I i-y xd303 HCifAXdcJfct iiq3r XXur HcXCHHiH devlrreJe HCI3ANX s 4t ' VirL \r-,i-r 2 T : { IqHHX9 HIP3 uuuI4tCCVt JPJXX IluIrH IMHPLlIr•h irotox ccdAX '2;vr t4I .- 4 h i- A_ n ifruifdzwr JHHHXA9 HCOtCk Oc dCCXCHA tHodo CHC dAX 3 - HIqUHwlf•Xh HH4IThCE HHHXIf'Ct HO1fO9 J1HmWPlXHlIL HIqfIPh HHhkX EH rdHl?X 1 9A3IfK HPLrut trEPUI HiqiJXfL t HH11IHP1Hu 3oKP9 qlioq 14jIfl?t HCICUA H xIfHXWLuoIfHAx drlruHro 'txctucg !joLtoq rlrtuXH CCll4 'iflmxi H1133 3o10 wcltdc 1414HIfOkX H13H31 tllXXOIfiOg toomdo Hrdiff£ tHIC nIrCa H1PIXE•h IJWIJHr HlPlH1H ooooq - HcIXLAjdCI JNHlP HHHi4dCJHC1,E CC HHIIXIfCt '3HhJK 'XJ or HoOmdo OAt OAt CCHIAAIdcL tow dAAUIHBH '1r4rIt OA lLY AAIlrAh tLrX 'HdewN ifo0 'OI3ESitIAA 'OCVtHA Ji Hi4iIHcIfdcX IfriodA rIAiilHLfl HCH tCCI4HX Hodo AAJU HHH4H1AA9Nr4 WHA&N AWVA IPX 2 v 2t: 'z.j xdqoo JsluiXX HH14HE HHIHIXCC1A9 HKIi9 HHI3 ooudo CHCIGXXV tL r2 )v J HPIIfAAh HH7IrMt HPljPdJlHPI XCCWGt9 IlHUHHX9 OIHA lf)KV -r W.n're r& n ked r- F odclHct HcodcLcx Mrnw HCIHX H9A4XJHPfdHi4w xedPJ HCXAg t11314 1 I{ tCGJH4X WrIf HHHOCtHAi dAAm1£KH00If09 H1O HHHICCIA9 tHM aElIV -f _ - S -~~~*,-a. ~~Jair S 101MdO0 H1 HV2IIHHIHCLdJCX t z ]r \ %zi Lzr \ji tJ,0 t7u~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4tr. l 1s FZFlJ 4k F'T iV ie 1 t ---.A tE- iLt ~P-E, ~iA~.,A,~-ztv C LI 4 -~~~~~~~~~~_ _gtrA2 ____1 L[APFAJIDKYYTbIH PAWAAH Ypba q33p IarT MaH?KH4iH 333HT FypHliHH yeg 3H3 -ronal4xaBTap yepfi3c3H r3.W3r. T3p ye, MaHKHiH xaaHbl 6yyxiia OnniitiiF caaTyyiicaHaac yr FoJIbIF 3H3xyyCVJpblF Hlapraj-KyyTbH paLLiaaHg 3oplyfIaH 3OXHO?K13. 3oxwoFLi Llap FaJ3Yy roFn F3C3H H3p erceH Hb 213aaHf-Jaa LLLaprajDKyyT 6o0IK Hb XanXblH 3aM 6aH,114 JlyBcaHnpiiHJI3H a)K33. JIyBcaHFp1,HJ3H Hb XyBH4CaH TyXaH iaOMOF yniaM)KjcaFIaH HpiK33. XaniXbiH XaHFari XaHbl HyTar XY)KIIPT r3,u3r ra3ap TepceH. Baraacaa HOM 3p,q3Mw aBIs1bacTafi 6aiicHaac TeBjHiiH EyH6yM, Yi!33H 33p3I Fa3apT Oq4K SHARGALJUUT SACRED SPRINGS IaBi4n-HaH cyyKcJ3. 18 ?KHRI TOBa, CaMFapiU4 X37iHHr cy,Znaw. T3p X3 Io33p 6ypxHbl LuaLlHbl FYH yXaaH, ypaH 3OXHOJIbIH HOMbIF cyganTK33. DH3 XyHOi Irformahatson onl the sutra: 133)KHH XOTHOO 6apiaruacaH CyM6yM YTHC-blH TOBJ X6MpOFT The Shargaljuut hot sprngs are situated xagraiiargaw 6aiiraa 6a Mi4HIIIf 6He TyyH33C ra3ap YCHbl CaHFHI4H Cypbr in the valley of the Shargaljuut river at Hb 6yynraH aBcaHbl H3r Hb 3H3 IOM. JH bX3HX 1492 m. altitude in Bayankhongor Hb H3p aiijapTa Fr3raC3H ra3ap ycaHU 3Op4yRargcaH 6yi1. MeH X3HT14ii province. The temperature of the hot xaH,q 3OPHlYRK 6HqC3H caHrHi4H cy,aap 'i 6aiiHa. OTrOHT3Hr3pHiH- caHr'HHH spring can reach up to 90 degrees Celsius. cyjapT Hb lWap yc, Xap yc, XaJITap HIILurr, BairaTarl, 15eeHuiaraaH, The 3aBxaH roni, lHypar, YnlHacTaii, Apu, Xex c3px, Tar, Taiiurmp, XacarT, sutra-manuscript fortthe Shargaljuut Xoep xapraHa, IlaraaH TOFOQ, JiaaraH Tan 33p3Y OJIOH ra3ap YCHbl H3pHr4F hot spring details the healing power for ,ayp,zXcaH 60n X3HTHi1 XaHbI CaHFHHH cyj~api X3pil3H ron, C3HX3p ronl, nearly four hundred different conditions, Taprwi4'K, X33p caapb, l5aAH-YnaaH, ;aqIH-Dpx3T, Xoep TOHHOF, ,aOnIOOJ, viruses and diseases humans may suffer byTbIH Xap cyyni, MyrHap, 1H3pM3r, )JapxaH yynI, X3x33p A3ryyp, from. According to the locals, there are 3p3rH3r, FypBaH TapraH yyJI, Xoep yH3r3M , Yx3p 6erc, YniaaH ryHa 33p3F 108 hot springs to be found over an area onioH ra3ap ycHbI H3p 6ytiH H3JI332a Hb TYYX3H ra3ap YCHbl H3P 6afiHa. 3aM of two hectares in Erdenetsogt Soum's 6aH,a1b1H 30XHOCOH ",33,aHAH caHFHHlH 3pa3H14HH 3px xHiir33,2 apHiycaJI. telTitory. 3aJl6HpaJI, TaxI4J T3pryyT3H opHJlBoH"9 X3MJ3X H3F 6yn3F 6yT33il JA3X 6yx 3aii6npaiiOPBOil " X333XTaXHII H3rTpFyyT3H 6yi3r 6yT331,a3X 6YXAccording to legends, the name for the cygpblr 3H3 y,LaaarHH HOMq xapaaxaH 6arraas 3aBacaHryA. aapaa Tycral prding der efro ha or evn HOM 6ojiroH raprax caHaaTa. springs derive from a historic event 14HF333a IJJapraJn>KyyTbIH xanyyH paLuaaHbi TyxaH TOBqXOH FyyJICyCF3i. which occurred during the Manchu 3H3 xa.nyyH paLnaaH B)aAHxoHrop aiHMrFHH TeBeec 3yyH TH4kH occupation. It is believed that whilst WlapraJI)KyyT FOJIbIH X0HjUH4 Ai.T.,L 1492 M eOHepT opHLuor MaHaH OpHbI running an errand, the head-messenger xaMFHHH xaniyyH paLLiaaH EOM. XaniyyH Hb 90 X3MT31i 6ai!Aar aS. CaHrHiH to the Manchu Emperor was delayed for cyjapT Hb 400 Op'HM eBiHHi4Hr HJiaapLIyyJIaar F3C3H 6o0i oJoo IjariHiH several days by a great flood. The flood IUHH>KJI3X yxaaH aXHp LyTyy, ye MeH, 6eep Hypyy, M3N1 3il 33p3r OJIOH water adopted a yellow tinge, and OBqHftr aHaraaJiar r3C3H 6yri. HyTF1iiHxaH WJaprailKyyTblr 108 flowed vigorously. Subsequently, the paiuaaHTai irF33r. river was named 'Shar Galzuut', meaning ferocious yellow water. MOHFOAbIH TAXWAFAT YYA YCibI CY,AAP OPLHBOfi 211 VI1ODNOW dO SmiIS 3NDVYS ZIZ j.r r;A _1I l Lu .LV _7 1 : ' - . .. f ~ ~~~~- -u @ - ~ - --ti,lu,,ti.' ' r 'LF'l 3 I-%. I-.AJZ5 IwI,1LL.t2-.i- u r Ei•,bLrAJ AyS'ji;irvi. -G.7r L. - ir .:-' _ .,-. -|.,l~~~~~~~ ; ."-te i27Y W7.au.&Yj VC'.JjJi-riiy.JcQt- X |9IllJ>ltelDI14, n. - -,j(~ lQ ,: ->.02|A.V.r'wis l.-'Lb LL ,rr lss7.'2 nFrzUa. Ga117zi 1 ;k. . ~~~~~~~1- ~~~4 f.ij2r.U5.27,Rr i,r.T^ .L tF-+->L'-L,,,A.-7, UiC-|is72 _ | | ,~~~~~~7t ik Z lj.1* b [t,,L[ 2 Je, L1,'t Gt i--b X, t X .t@A,.7B 79ilX 86P)l[XrjrftitWaSr^C7l;:L,f 1 s:^ t|D,.0.}toi-$HU:C.SiwL,r,l-i^-T-J-r7|tv7 iXf ,ut WlAPFAJI)KYYTbIH CAH OPLHBO1I CBaCTU. CaH TaxIijyyg OM aa XyM X3M33H FypBaHTaa a)jLHCTH.L1aFTyHH. AMa, YMap 3yFHHF T3TF73H caxHrFq XaHrai XaHbl Yrcaa aHMrHHH xapibAaT 6ysiHT 1H4HTy 6onjoH [lapFaji>KyyT Yraac anapmcaH yyn yc, pamaaH 6y.jrHiiH OPOH YqHpTaIi araaq OH[IFOH 3HU3X xaniyyH paLuaaHaa OpLICOH T3HF3p, jiyc, acyypb, HaBaaF, mh4BqaF, 6yqH3p T3pFyyT3H T3p 6yx3Ha 60o,bTO9 63J1TF3x, C3TF3JI33p33 XYBHJIFacaH T3HU33PT TaxHjiFbIF uorujiooH, caHr'HHH 3aHr yyFyynicHaap T3HU3WryR caIxaH YH3PT yTaaH yyJI Hb 6yxH1Hii C3Jl63pyyJI?K XJM>o3n3mvyii JaYYPrF3H eprecHeep 6aqcaH U3HF3X( xaHaag X3pF33p 3Ha3XHAH pamaaHaa OpCOH 6yXHHAF XHU1u4FFyi Ypb)blH yAR33C Hb TypF3H cajlra)K, rypBaH xapblH ypHHF apHrFaH XHii, uec, 6aaraHa, CyCrlHH TOXHOJIOOP xypcaH OBxHH 33p3F JIepBeH 3YYH YHaC3H eBqHHA yFS3FYYpbIF )Ae.nxc xoupoojFryHi apHJIraH, 6He TaBHpyynaH 3PXTHHHF rFHryyYjK YxaaH M34p3JIHHF 3OXHCTOH 6o0JoH, eTeJIceHHHFl HHp3F?KyyJI3H Yraac xanTyyH pamaaHbI xamar 3paMWHr oniooq 1B33JIT xaMar yjnc IjaMaIry eeceeOH 6yT3)K 14Tr3JI, aBpanT, eMer cagaH, 3yy'-nIJK TycancaH XHAF33Tj 1InT3,a xypaaHrygJJ6aac 6Ha 6yxHH4i, Ioy XYCC3H X3p3F HX3a xyy ueM 6yT3xHIH xaHb xamcaarv3OXHO X3M33C3H 3H3 M3T H3H X3p3FT3H F3)K XOC eCHbi aHAniqIbIr M3JIMHr4 Terc 6oHMo ,aH3aHU[3B33HpaBJaaH ByHpWxapa 3apJHu aypacaHa 3aq6aHiaHqa JIyBcaHnpHHJI3H 6 33p HaHpyyn6aH. MOHrOAbllI TAXWAFAT YYA YCHbl CYAAP OPEiBOn 213 i i i I I OIF,lCTOP(Ph.D), ,a3,1-npoECeccop F 11 ¢) >b:: : XaTFHH OcopHaMnHMbiH CYX6AATAP Born in 1945, in the southern area of Erdenetsagaan Soum, Sukhbaatar aimag Cyx6aaTap ai4MFH4iH MiNIO (province), adjacent to the sacred mountain of t tL'MOlSakMSsa m 1 . . Zotolkhan, Dr.DMHdecda Sukhbaatar attended secondary ^ -A i yynblH* g 1945 OHh TepceH. school in the aimag-center of Baruun-Urt. OA S j l3rZ1VmT1kTm= w _1 q r V M3q3priCi33p TercceH. in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. A AtH. * aI Between 1973 and L'XE4H.'Y U3, *4ueeo,YIYT. XHH44k JII-1 Central H inc 1 ' 1980 OH XypT3Y IHYA-HIIH X3J a _ received his second degree in linguistics. . #iPIes,iWh1]YWiI4 ME M O __1984 OH X94T3JI je iH XOTbIH * 4 S * HepyrHuiH H3p3MXIHT HX cypryyJIb 6armuaap, KI?; 1980, then as a visiting Professor for the University of Neru, India from 1980-1984 3 :15)4 IaRilihpO.9flStihpb) t,TSwSa4LPti:,a a I 5 6 5 SlIw.s . a: a)KHni4ja)K 6ar-Ha. "MoHroji X3JT3H 3Xb CaMiapzIH MaXuog a115,jBEarm j - . - - . *u* *.* * . - . . *Mr. . .5 1992 OHJ Sciences. He wrote his doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis i *;* * - - ; - a a . (Ph.D) 33p3F xaMraajicaH. language" in 1992. elHrepceH xyrauaaH,j 'jJaHzHHbI 3OXHCT asinryyHbi TOl ''1 The list of his published works include the following: XaMTbIH), "MOHron X3JIHHH xapb yrHHH TOJIb ), a:7IYY Dictionary of Dandin's Kavyadarsa (1980) (mIHHrrnJcn3H CHpyyn3r, Xex XOT, 1998)) "_ *5lqtliJil;,T@i4~~~~~~~~~ |zwa=s44 o o (xaMTbIH, 4 60Tb, 2001 OH, MOCKa7 Great Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Mongolian-Russian Languages *. (4 volumes, 2001) WfTN**1;uaftuuPpiA-aiubffid*1. 'Lu Altan tovch' or 'A Golden History of Mongolia' (revised version, Khokh khot, TYYHHi "MoHronJbH ra3ap ycHbI H3pHuiH jjoMor II a a i C Inner Mongolia, PRC, 1998) ______85161 n ;0 ImeIl] t4y%Ym"E.11taflyfy"l.l IM: :"13, 5rl.sn'nSwXb WWF Mongolia and supported by The World Bank _t * 1 _ I i e .- .. . ,-. - . . . .* a. . . * *. * iH4HxcflxXyxaaHt opyynicaH-iTYYHHI XyBb H3MPHrFH KEIA -* a *- a . . a* a * . a)iCHJITaH LOIo TJMjtr33P LuariHacaH- IOM. 1997 for his translations and publications. _:_ 1 has been awarded with the honorary title of the "Best Researcher of Science". - - _ _ a; -**s * as a: a. a = JIyHc 'I** _* , * _ * , v *..l _- baTxapraiibm 3n63r3a2a xOpByyJDK, Tapa xsAHanaa. by Ms. Tara Lewis. AR@ a;,6, WWF A\\ORI 9 BXN K