DOCSLIB.ORG

Key Sites for Key Sites for Conservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Key Sites for Key Sites for Conservation Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia: KEY SITES FOR CONSERVATION A project of In collaboration with With the support of Printing sponsored by Field surveys supported by Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia: KEY SITES FOR CONSERVATION Editors: Batbayar Nyambayar and Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag Major contributors: Ayurzana Bold Schagdarsuren Boldbaatar Axel Bräunlich Simba Chan Richard F. A. Grimmett and Andrew W. Tordoff This document is an output of the World Bank study Strengthening the Safeguard of Important Areas of Natural Habitat in North-East Asia,fi nanced by consultant trust funds from the government of Japan Ulaanbaatar, January 2009 An output of: The World Bank study Strengthening the Safeguard of Important Areas of Natural Habitat in North-East Asia,fi nanced by consultant trust funds from the government of Japan Implemented by: BirdLife International, the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center and the Institute of Biology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences In collaboration with: Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism Supporting organisations: WWF Mongolia, WCS Mongolia Program and the National University of Mongolia Editors: Batbayar Nyambayar and Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag Major contributors: Ayurzana Bold, Schagdarsuren Boldbaatar, Axel Bräunlich, Simba Chan, Richard F. A. Grimmett and Andrew W. Tordoff Maps: Dolgorjav Sanjmyatav, WWF Mongolia Cover illustrations: White-naped Crane Grus vipio, Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus, Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus and hunters with Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos (Batbayar Nyambayar); Siberian Cranes Grus leucogeranus (Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag); Saker Falcons Falco cherrug and Yellow-headed Wagtail Motacilla citreola (Gabor Papp). ISBN: 978-99929-0-752-5 Copyright: © BirdLife International 2009. All rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged Suggested citation: Nyambayar, B. and Tseveenmyadag, N. eds. (2009) Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia: Key Sites for Conservation. Ulaanbaatar: Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, Institute of Biology and BirdLife International. Copies available from: Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, Institute of Biology Building, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia Tel: +976 11 453843 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wscc.org.mn BirdLife International Asia Division, TM Suidobashi Building, 4F, Misaki-cho 2-14-6, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 106-0061, Japan Tel: +81 3 52130461, Fax: +81 3 52130422 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.birdlife-asia.org BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge, CB3 0NA, UK Tel: +44 1223 277318, Fax: +44 1223 277200 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.birdlife.org Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia Disclaimer This document is an output of the World Bank study Strengthening the Safeguard of Important Areas of Natural Habitat in North-East Asia,fi nanced by consultant trust funds from the government of Japan. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the editors and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the World Bank or the governments they represent. The editors take full responsibility for the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The preparation of this work has been undertaken by the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, the Institute of Biology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and BirdLife International. The representation of geographical entities in this work does not imply any expression on the part of any of these organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers and boundaries. The opinions expressed in this work are those of the editors, and do not necessarily refl ect the opinions of the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center, the Institute of Biology or BirdLife International. i Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia Table of Contents Acknowledgements iv Forewords v Conventions used viii Executive summary ix Map of IBAs in Mongolia xii 1. Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Aim and objectives of the directory 1 1.3 General information on Mongolia 1 1.4 Biodiversity conservation in Mongolia 2 1.5 The birds of Mongolia 5 2. Methodology 7 2.1 What are IBAs? 7 2.2 Scientifi c rationale 7 2.3 Criteria for IBA identifi cation 7 2.4 Identifi cation of IBAs 10 3. Results 12 3.1 The IBA network in Mongolia 12 3.2 Coverage of the IBA network 12 3.3 Gaps in coverage 13 3.4 Threats to biodiversity at IBAs 13 3.5 Protection of the IBA network 14 3.6 Priority conservation actions required for the IBA network 15 4. Site accounts 17 4.1 Heading 17 4.2 Site description 17 4.3 Importance for birds 17 4.4 Importance for other fauna and fl ora 17 4.5 Map 17 MN001 Khoton-Khorgon Lakes 23 MN002 Tsengel Khairkhan Mountain 24 MN003 Dayan Lake 25 MN004 Bulgan River 26 MN005 Khokh Serkhiin Nuruu SPA 27 MN006 Tolbo Lake 28 MN007 Achit Lake 29 MN008 Uureg Lake 30 MN009 Uvs Lake 31 MN010 Baga and Bayan Lakes 32 MN011 Uvsiin Khar Us Lake 33 MN012 Airag Lake 34 MN013 Khongil 35 MN014 Khar Us Lake 36 MN015 Jargalant Khairkhan Mountain 37 MN016 Khar Lake 38 MN017 Khomiin Tal 39 MN018 Santmargatsiin Bayan Lake 40 ii Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia MN019 Ulaagchinii Khar Lake 41 MN020 Oigon Lake 42 MN021 Telmen Lake 43 MN022 Otgontenger Mountain 44 MN023 Zavkhan River - Ereen Lake 45 MN024 Khasagt Khairkhan Mountain 46 MN025 Taigam Lake 47 MN026 Boon Tsagaan Lake 48 MN027 Ikh Bogd Mountain 49 MN028 Orog Lake 50 MN029 Taatsiin Tsagaan Lake 51 MN030 Khangain Nuruu National Park 52 MN031 Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake 53 MN032 Khovsgoliin Sangiin Dalai Lake 54 MN033 Erkhel Lake 55 MN034 Darkhad Depression 56 MN035 Khovsgol Lake 57 MN036 Bulgan Tal 58 MN037 Teshigiin Olon Lakes 59 MN038 Airkhan Lake 60 MN039 Tarialan 61 MN040 Selenge-Teel 62 MN041 Sharga Lake 63 MN042 Ogii Lake 64 MN043 Dashinchilen Bayan Lake 65 MN044 Erdenesant Mountains 66 MN045 Ulziitiin Sangiin Dalai Lake 67 MN046 Gobi Gurvan Saikhan Mountain 68 MN047 Borzon Gobi 69 MN048 Galba Gobi 70 MN049 Ikh Gazriin Chuluu 71 MN050 Ikh Nartiin Chuluu Nature Reserve 72 MN051 Eej Khad 73 MN052 Khustain Nuruu National Park 74 MN053 Selengiin Tsagaan Lake 75 MN054 Delta of Orkhon and Selenge Rivers 76 MN055 Khan Khentii SPA 77 MN056 Gorkhi-Terelj National Park 78 MN057 Maikhant Mountain 79 MN058 Valley of Khurkh-Khuiten Rivers 80 MN059 Valley of Onon-Balj Rivers 81 MN060 Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve 82 MN061 Ganga Lake 83 MN062 Shaazan Lake 84 MN063 Tsengeleg Lakes 85 MN064 Ulz River and Turgen Tsagaan Lakes 86 MN065 Ugtam Mountain Nature Reserve 87 MN066 Mongol Daguur 88 MN067 Khukh Lake 89 MN068 Buir Lake 90 MN069 Tashgain Tavan Lakes 91 MN070 Nomrog 92 Appendices 93 Appendix 1: Globally Threatened bird species in IBAs in Mongolia 93 Appendix 2: Restricted-range bird species in IBAs in Mongolia 96 Appendix 3: Biome-restricted bird species found in Mongolia 97 Appendix 4: Congregatory waterbird species exceeding the 1% population threshold in IBAs in Mongolia 100 iii Directory of Important Bird Areas in Mongolia Acknowledgements This Directory of Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Mongolia is an output of a World Bank study on Strengthening the Safeguard of Important Areas of Natural Habitat in North-East Asia, which was fi nanced by consultant trust funds from the government of Japan. The study was implemented by BirdLife International, the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center (WSCC) and the Institute of Biology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. WSCC, the Institute of Biology and BirdLife International would like to take this opportunity to thank the World Bank and the government of Japan for supporting the data collation, analyses, consultations and drafting necessary to prepare this directory. Thanks are due in particular to Arshad Sayed, Mongolia Country Manager and Resident Representative, World Bank, and Tony Whitten, Senior Biodiversity Specialist, East Asia and Pacifi c, World Bank, for their active support and interest in the project. The preparation of this directory was undertaken in collaboration with the Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism (MNET). WSCC, the Institute of Biology and BirdLife International wish to thank the ministry for its assistance. Special thanks are due to Altangerel Enkhbat for his continued support and encouragement. The printing of this directory was sponsored by Rio Tinto, through the Rio Tinto-BirdLife International Partnership Action Fund. WSCC, the Institute of Biology and BirdLife International would like to thank Rio Tinto for its kind support. The information on Important Bird Areas (IBAs) presented in this directory incorporates the results of fi eld surveys funded by the Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund. WSCC, the Institute of Biology and BirdLife International would like to thank the Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund for this support. The information in this directory also incorporates the results of waterbird surveys conducted by the WCS Mongolia Program. WSCC, the Institute of Biology and BirdLife International would like to thank Martin Gilbert and his colleagues at the WCS Mongolia Program for providing this information. The information on IBAs presented here also builds on the directory of IBAs in Asia, published by BirdLife International in 2004. WSCC, the Institute of Biology and BirdLife International would also like to acknowledge the Ministry of the Environment of the government of Japan, for its support to the Asia-wide IBA inventory.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Rivers of Mongolia
    Sl. No River Name Russian Name Draining Into 1 Yenisei River Russia Arctic Ocean 2 Angara River Russia, flowing out of Lake Baikal Arctic Ocean 3 Selenge River Сэлэнгэ мөрөн in Sükhbaatar, flowing into Lake Baikal Arctic Ocean 4 Chikoy River Arctic Ocean 5 Menza River Arctic Ocean 6 Katantsa River Arctic Ocean 7 Dzhida River Russia Arctic Ocean 8 Zelter River Зэлтэрийн гол, Bulgan/Selenge/Russia Arctic Ocean 9 Orkhon River Орхон гол, Arkhangai/Övörkhangai/Bulgan/Selenge Arctic Ocean 10 Tuul River Туул гол, Khentii/Töv/Bulgan/Selenge Arctic Ocean 11 Tamir River Тамир гол, Arkhangai Arctic Ocean 12 Kharaa River Хараа гол, Töv/Selenge/Darkhan-Uul Arctic Ocean 13 Eg River Эгийн гол, Khövsgöl/Bulgan Arctic Ocean 14 Üür River Үүрийн гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 15 Uilgan River Уйлган гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 16 Arigiin River Аригийн гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 17 Tarvagatai River Тарвагтай гол, Bulgan Arctic Ocean 18 Khanui River Хануй гол, Arkhangai/Bulgan Arctic Ocean 19 Ider River Идэр гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 20 Chuluut River Чулуут гол, Arkhangai/Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 21 Suman River Суман гол, Arkhangai Arctic Ocean 22 Delgermörön Дэлгэрмөрөн, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 23 Beltes River Бэлтэсийн Гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 24 Bügsiin River Бүгсийн Гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 25 Lesser Yenisei Russia Arctic Ocean 26 Kyzyl-Khem Кызыл-Хем Arctic Ocean 27 Büsein River Arctic Ocean 28 Shishged River Шишгэд гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 29 Sharga River Шарга гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 30 Tengis River Тэнгис гол, Khövsgöl Arctic Ocean 31 Amur River Russia/China
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change
    This “Mongolia Second Assessment Report on Climate Change 2014” (MARCC 2014) has been developed and published by the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia with financial support from the GIZ programme “Biodiversity and adaptation of key forest ecosystems to climate change”, which is being implemented in Mongolia on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Copyright © 2014, Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Editors-in-chief: Damdin Dagvadorj Zamba Batjargal Luvsan Natsagdorj Disclaimers This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures . 3 List of Tables . .. 12 Abbreviations . 14 Units . 17 Foreword . 19 Preface . 22 1. Introduction. Batjargal Z. 27 1.1 Background information about the country . 33 1.2 Introductory information on the second assessment report-MARCC 2014 . 31 2. Climate change: observed changes and future projection . 37 2.1 Global climate change and its regional and local implications. Batjargal Z. 39 2.1.1 Observed global climate change as estimated within IPCC AR5 . 40 2.1.2 Temporary slowing down of the warming . 43 2.1.3 Driving factors of the global climate change .
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    WWF \ ORRI I) fKh K Public Disclosure Authorized AR@ 33100 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized XaTrHH; OCOHamxHMEHCYXBAATAP XaTI'HH OcopHaMxKHMFiH CYXBAATAP Public Disclosure Authorized MOHrOJI YJICbIH IHHHMJI3X YXAAHbI AIAAEMH X3JI 3OXHOJIbIH XYP33JI3H SACRED SITES OF MONGOLIA MOHFOAbIH TAXHAFAT YYA YCHbI CAHFIHHH CYaAP OPWBOH. 3MX3Tr3H 6ojioBcpyyn,K 3p,3M IUHH)CHJIF33HHR TakIi6ap, cyganraar yr4iiac3H XATIFHH OCOPHAMKIHMbIH CYXLAATAP PEXLAKTOP: ,UOKTOP, npo4eccop HI.XYP3JIEAATAP 93,R ,OKTOp m. COHHHBAIP X. B5IMBA)KAB Translation: B.ELBEGZAYA, Sh.GANBYAMBA, J.DUNN and T.LEWIS Ta]iapxa]¶ Acknowledgments: 3H3Xyy HOMbIr X3BJ WJI3X9JA,3J1XHHH BaHK, MoHroJIbIH BypxaH IIaliiHHTHbI TOB This publication has been made possible with the support of the Gandan Tegehilen (MEHIT) /FaHAaH T3r'HRj3H XHiiA/, lj3JIXHHiH BaHK-rowlaHqbIH 3acrHHH ra3pblH Monastery/ Center of Mongolian Buddhists and The World Bank-Netherlands XaMTbIH axnUuaraaHbI xeTeji6ep 60JIoH IHa1IlHH 6a BaiiraJIb XaMraan.nbIH Xo.u6oo Partnership Program, through a contract with the Alliance for Religions and Con- (IIIBXX) , Ij3JIXHHH BaHK 6a WWF (J3nIXHHH BafiraJlb XaMraajiax CaH) xaMTapcaH servation (ARC), and The World Bank-WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation OfiH HeeIgHHr xaMPaaJIax, TorTBoPToH amIHriax XeOTeJi6epHHH XYP33HA WWF and Sustainable Use, through a contract with WWF Mongolia and the assis- (J1A3nXHHH B,airaJlb XaMraaJlax CaH)-HiiH MoHPoJI Aaxb TOBIiOO 33p3r . 6a9JIXHfiyHayj caHxyyraRb Xamraaj1uiaxH CaHy.)-H H Ma OHi~rOp qaXb TOBquiar, T H tance of the following individuals working with these organizations: 6aRryynvmaryy,q caHxyyrHiiH TycjamIvaar y3yyJIC3H 6a 3Arm3p 6akryy:mara, TyyHHfi wJKMITHyyqa, TaiiapxaJi HJI3pXHHJIbe. MEHUIT/Fauda TqasiuAa Xu2i: ,LDizxuiMn Eaw?C For Gandan Monastery: ForARC: EIx xaM6aj,l. THomKaMuq TOHH YHTeH Hamba Lama D. Choijamts Baatar, Bazar )I3A A°OKTop III.
    [Show full text]
  • 438962 1 En Bookbackmatter 213..218
    Index A Average temperature, 4, 53, 55, 57, 87, 111, 162, 185 Accumulation, 12, 26, 27, 33, 44, 66, 109, 113, 140, 141, Average wind speed, 64 144–146, 152, 155, 162 Achit lake, 37, 116, 165, 208 Active layer, 122, 124–126, 130 B Active layer thickness, 124–126 Baatarkhaihan, 35 Adaatsag, 46 Baga Bogd, 3, 38, 43, 188 Agricultural land, 136, 195–199 Baga Buural, 47 Airag lake, 91, 208 Baga Gazriin Chuluu, 46, 47 Air temperature variation, 111 Baga Khavtag, 45 Aj Bogd, 35, 190 Baga Khentii, 39, 80, 110 Alag khairhan, 35 Baga Uul, 47 Alasha Gobi, 163, 165 Baishin Tsav, 46 Algae, 161, 166 Baitag Bogd, 45 Alluvial fans and sediments, 45, 46 Baruun Khuurai depression, 28, 158, 181 Alluvial-proluvial plains, 27, 29 Baruun Saikhan, 33, 43 Alluvial soils, 145, 157 Baruunturuun, 68, 136 Alpine belts, 66, 171, 185 Bayan, 3, 7, 34–36, 40, 69, 79, 88, 89, 91, 106, 109, 113 Alpine-type high mountains, 32 Bayanbor, 43 Alpine type relief, 44 Bayan Bumbun Ranges, 35 Altai region, 5, 28, 35, 42, 65, 144 Bayankhairhan, 39 Altai-Sayan ecoregion, 210 Bayantsagaan, 42, 43, 47, 49 Altai Tavan Bogd, 24, 35 Bayan-Ulgii, 7, 69, 113 Altankhukhii, 35 Biological diversity, 182 Altan Ulgii, 39 Birds, 161, 162, 169–175, 207, 208 Altitudinal belts, 6, 163, 177, 182–185, 187, 190, 192 Bogd, 3, 11, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 49, 101–103, 106, 181, Angarkhai, 38 188, 204, 208 Animal, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 33, 72, 145, 169, 171, 172, Bogd Ulaan, 49 197, 205 Boreal, 6, 163, 164, 187, 210 Annual precipitation, 53, 60, 61, 71, 86, 92, 121, 186, Bor Khairhan, 39 188, 189, 192 Borzon
    [Show full text]
  • Central – Western – Northern Mongolia - 26 Days Tour
    Central – Western – Northern Mongolia - 26 days tour We welcome you to the world of astonishingly untouched nature with a surprising mixture of landscapes, majestic snow-capped mountains, gigantic blue lakes, rare flora and fauna as well as heterogeneous ethnic groups and unique nomadic culture that is Western Mongolia! This is an extremely restful environment where you should spend your vacation. During this tour, we will visit not only the western area but also wonderful natural & cultural sights of central Mongolia and Darkhad Valley, Taiga, Reindeer herders and Shamanist in Northern Mongolia. Moreover, you will ride horses & camels and hiking in the untouched nature. Diverse, interesting activities are waiting for you. We will stay in the traditional Mongolian dwellings, the Ger, sometimes overnight in tents in beautiful spots and gaze at the amazing starry sky before sleeping. Feel life’s freedom in the immeasurable spacious and silent paradise of Western Mongolia and enjoy the beauty of pristine nature. Please see the below suggested itinerary then enjoy them all in reality! You can be sure this tour of Mongolia will be your unforgettable holiday of a lifetime. Day 1. Elsen Tasarkhai Sand Dunes. After breakfast we will drive west to beautiful Elsen Tasarkhai Sand Dunes. On the way we will visit the Khustai NP. Khustai has 506 square km area and was established in 1993. The park protects the wild horse “Takhi”, also known as Przewalski’s wild horse in the world, and a bio-diversity of other rare wild animals and plants. The quantity of various ecosystems within the park assures an abundance of wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Fifth National Report
    CONVENTION ON CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA biolohJA JJa folea YeehcO beiide& oa KnWWn}A. T HE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGI 5 T H N A T IO N AL R EPO RT C AL DIVERSITY OF M O N GOLIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, Government building II, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, United Nation’s street 5/2, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA TH Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar 15160, NUM, Building-2, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia THE 5 NATIONAL REPORT OF Mongolia P.O.Box 537, Ulaanbaatar 210646A, Tel: 976-51-266197 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 976-99180148; 976-88305909; 976-88083058 MONGOLIA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Designed by Mongolica Publishing 2014 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 2014 CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FINANCED BY: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY-MONGOLIA GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THE 5TH NATIONAL REPORT OF MONGOLIA REPORT COMPILERS: COMPILED BY: S. GOMBOBAATAR STEPPE FORWARD PROGRAMME, NUM S. MYAGMARSUREN N. CONABOY М. Мunkhjargal TAXON COMPILERS: PLANT: B. OYUNTSETSEG, M. URGAMAL INVERTEBRATE: S. GANTIGMAA Fish, aMphibian, reptile: kh. Тerbish BIRD: S. GOMBOBAATAR MAMMAL: S. SHAR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: EDITORS: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES D. BATBOLD MONGOLIAN ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
    [Show full text]
  • The Fate of Medical Knowledge and the Neurosciences During the Time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire
    Neurosurg Focus 23 (1):E13, 2007 The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire SAM SAFAVI-ABBASI, M.D., PH.D.,1 LEONARDO B. C. BRASILIENSE, M.D.,2 RYAN K. WORKMAN, B.S.,2 MELANIE C. TALLEY, PH.D.,2 IMAN FEIZ-ERFAN, M.D.,1 NICHOLAS THEODORE, M.D.,1 ROBERT F. SPETZLER, M.D.,1 AND MARK C. PREUL, M.D.1 1Division of Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgery Research; and 2Spinal Biomechanics Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona PIn 25 years, the Mongolian army of Genghis Khan conquered more of the known world than the Roman Empire accomplished in 400 years of conquest. The recent revised view is that Genghis Khan and his descendants brought about “pax Mongolica” by securing trade routes across Eurasia. After the initial shock of destruction by an unknown barbaric tribe, almost every country conquered by the Mongols was transformed by a rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and advances in civiliza- tion. Medicine, including techniques related to surgery and neurological surgery, became one of the many areas of life and culture that the Mongolian Empire influenced. (DOI: 10.3171/FOC-07/07/E13) KEY WORDS • Avicenna • Genghis Khan • history of neuroscience • Mongolian empire • Persia EPORTS ABOUT THE HISTORY of medicine in Asia are golica” and secured the fabled trade routes between scarce. This article provides an overview of the fate Europe and eastern China known as the Silk Road.8,23 R of Asian medicine, specifically Persian, Indian, and After the initial shock and destruction associated with Chinese scientific, neurological, and surgical knowledge invasion by an unknown barbaric tribe, almost every before and during the Mongolian invasion and hegemony.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciers, Permafrost and Lake Levels at the Tsengel Khairkhan Massif, Mongolian Altai, During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene
    Article Glaciers, Permafrost and Lake Levels at the Tsengel Khairkhan Massif, Mongolian Altai, During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Michael Walther 1,*, Avirmed Dashtseren 1, Ulrich Kamp 2, Khurelbaatar Temujin 1, Franz Meixner 3, Caleb G. Pan 4 and Yadamsuren Gansukh 1 1 Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, P.O.B. 361, Ulaanbaatar 14192, Mongolia; [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (Y.G.) 2 Department of Geography, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany; [email protected] 4 Systems Ecology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +976-9908-7055 Received: 31 May 2017; Accepted: 11 August 2017; Published: 16 August 2017 Abstract: Understanding paleo—and recent environmental changes and the dynamics of individual drivers of water availability is essential for water resources management in the Mongolian Altai. Here, we follow a holistic approach to uncover changes in glaciers, permafrost, lake levels and climate at the Tsengel Khairkhan massif. Our general approach to describe glacier and lake level changes is to combine traditional geomorphological field mapping with bathymetric measurements, satellite imagery interpretation, and GIS analyses. We also analysed climate data from two nearby stations, and measured permafrost temperature conditions at five boreholes located at different elevations. We identified four glacial moraine systems (M4-M1) and attribute them to the period from the penultimate glaciation (MIS 4/5) until the Little Ice Age (MIS 1).
    [Show full text]
  • SIS) – 2017 Version
    Information Sheet on EAA Flyway Network Sites Information Sheet on EAA Flyway Network Sites (SIS) – 2017 version Available for download from http://www.eaaflyway.net/about/the-flyway/flyway-site-network/ Categories approved by Second Meeting of the Partners of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership in Beijing, China 13-14 November 2007 - Report (Minutes) Agenda Item 3.13 Notes for compilers: 1. The management body intending to nominate a site for inclusion in the East Asian - Australasian Flyway Site Network is requested to complete a Site Information Sheet. The Site Information Sheet will provide the basic information of the site and detail how the site meets the criteria for inclusion in the Flyway Site Network. When there is a new nomination or an SIS update, the following sections with an asterisk (*), from Questions 1-14 and Question 30, must be filled or updated at least so that it can justify the international importance of the habitat for migratory waterbirds. 2. The Site Information Sheet is based on the Ramsar Information Sheet. If the site proposed for the Flyway Site Network is an existing Ramsar site then the documentation process can be simplified. 3. Once completed, the Site Information Sheet (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Flyway Partnership Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the Information Sheet and, where possible, digital versions (e.g. shapefile) of all maps. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • English and Mongolian Languages
    Format for the submission of State of conservation reports by the States Parties Annex 13 ONIO MU M ND RI T IA A L • P • W L O A I R D L D N H O E M STATE OF CONSERVATION REPORT R I E T IN AG O E • PATRIM United Nations World Heritage Cultural Organization Convention (in compliance with Paragraph 169 of the Operational Guidelines) Great Brkhan Khaldun Mountain and its surrounding sacred landscape (Mongolia) (C1440) 1. Executive Summary of the report [Note: each of the sections described below should be summarized. The maximum length of the executive summary is 1 page.] This report on state of conservation of the World Heritage Property the Great Brkhan Khaldun Mountain and its surrounding sacred landscape provides information on the activities implemented in the framework of conservation and protection of the heritage site since last reporting (December, 2018), addresses progress made on the implementation of the Committee Decision 43 COM 7B.69 and presents additional information on activities undertaken to support and enhance the understanding and management of the property. These include: establishment of the dedicated authority for the management and conservation of the property and its buffer zone; structure and duties of the Administration office; development of updated draft Management Plan for the property and its buffer zone; detailed description of activities implemented by the newly established Administration office. Presently there are no other current conservation issues identified and no any potential major restorations, alterations and/or new construction(s) intended within the property, the buffer zone that may affect the Outstanding Universal Value of the property, including authenticity and integrity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of River Basin Organizations
    Achieving Sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia NO. 138 JUNE 2020 ADB BRIEFS KEY POINTS Achieving Sustainable Integrated • Addressing Mongolia’s water security challenges requires a Water Resources Management strong institutional system at national and regional levels. in Mongolia: The Role of River At the regional level, river basin organizations (RBOs) Basin Organizations have the key responsibility of implementing effective interventions based on integrated water resources Mingyuan Fan1 management (IWRM). Principal Water Resources Specialist • RBOs are primarily East Asia Department tasked with preparing Asian Development Bank and implementing river [email protected] basin management plans, protecting water resources, promoting habitat conservation, and ensuring MONGOLIA AND ITS WATER RESOURCES SYSTEM effective water use. However, restricted autonomy, limited Mongolia is the 19th largest country and the second-largest landlocked country in the financial resources, and lack world.2 With a land area of 1.56 million square kilometers and a population of 3.2 million of professional capacities in 2018,3 Mongolia has a population density of around two persons per square kilometer, are major constraints to the making it the most sparsely populated fully sovereign country in the world. The country functioning of RBOs. comprises 21 administrative divisions called aimags (provinces), and each aimag is composed of smaller units known as soums (districts). • Significant communication gap between the line Up until 1990, the centrally led government attended to water management in ministries, local governments, Mongolia based on 5-year state planning. As a result of the democratic revolution in the and the RBOs also poses early 1990s, this centrally led approach was largely abandoned under the assumption an important challenge as that markets could take care of the water management tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • Geo-Data: the World Geographical Encyclopedia
    Geodata.book Page iv Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Project Editor Imaging and Multimedia Manufacturing John F. McCoy Randy Bassett, Christine O'Bryan, Barbara J. Nekita McKee Yarrow Editorial Mary Rose Bonk, Pamela A. Dear, Rachel J. Project Design Kain, Lynn U. Koch, Michael D. Lesniak, Nancy Cindy Baldwin, Tracey Rowens Matuszak, Michael T. Reade © 2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale For permission to use material from this prod- Since this page cannot legibly accommodate Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, uct, submit your request via Web at http:// all copyright notices, the acknowledgements Inc. www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may constitute an extension of this copyright download our Permissions Request form and notice. Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ submit your request by fax or mail to: are trademarks used herein under license. While every effort has been made to ensure Permissions Department the reliability of the information presented in For more information contact The Gale Group, Inc. this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. not guarantee the accuracy of the data con- 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535 tained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535 Permissions Hotline: payment for listing; and inclusion in the pub- Or you can visit our Internet site at 248–699–8006 or 800–877–4253; ext. 8006 lication of any organization, agency, institu- http://www.gale.com Fax: 248–699–8074 or 800–762–4058 tion, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or pub- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Cover photographs reproduced by permission No part of this work covered by the copyright lisher.
    [Show full text]