DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Current Climate Hazards on the Livelihoods of Herders’ Households”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Current Climate Hazards on the Livelihoods of Herders’ Households” UNDP MON / 01 / U01 project JEMR Consulting Poverty Research Group February – December 2003 Study and Assessment Report: “Impact of Current Climate Hazards on the Livelihoods of Herders’ Households” Report prepared by the experts of the Risk Study Working Group and JEMR Consulting Co., Ltd. Integration and Edition by PhD. Oyun Ravsal Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Impact of Current Climate Hazards on February–December 2003 the Livelihoods of Herders’ Households List of involved advisors, experts and researchers No. Name Comments Advisors:[NU1] 1 Dr Togtokh N. Consultant & Expert, System analyses and policy development, Team leader of RSWG, Member of Parliament 2 Dr Munkhtseren Sh Poverty Research Group, MF&E 3 Mr Richard Marshall UNDP advisor, PRG, MF&E 4 Dr Bizya G. Consultant & Expert, Animal husbandry, RSWG, Institute of Livestock of MSUA 5 Dr Manibazar Í. Consultant & Expert, Geo-botany and forage vegetation, RSWG, JEMR 6 Mendbileg M. Aimag Governor, To’v aimag 7 Dr D. Khuchit A. Consultant, Agriculture, Farmer college 8 Jamsranjav G. Consultant & Editor, Culture and terminology, RSWG, JEMR 9 Dr. Avirmed Consultant, Ecologist, RSWG 10 Dr Khosbayar P. Consultant, Institute of Geology 11 Dr Byambajav D. Consultant, Agriculture, RSWG, Farmer college Project team and researchers: 1 Dr Oyun P. Team leader, Environment Impact Assessment and Information technology, Coordinator of RSWG, Director of JEMR 2 Batbayar L. Manager, social study and logistics, JEMR. 3 Dr Baatar R. Soil study, Institute of Geography 4 Dr Undarmaa J. Plant regeneration and Evapotranspiration, Institute of Botany 5 Dr Tseveen Livestock Economy, Institute of Economy, MSU 6 Turbileg Social study, Freelance consultant 7 Tsogt J. Forecasting of disastrous extreme event, IMH 8 Tseesodroltsoo Mongolia Meteorological Society, NGO 9 Amarjargal D., Information on extreme events, IMH 10 Bayarbat Herder, Dundgobi, Erdenedalai soum 11 Boldbaatar Sh. Disaster assessment, RSWG, DMB 12 Gaadmaa Social survey and weather forecasting, IMH 13 Davaasuren Social survey, Khentii 14 Dorj Social survey, Zavkhan, Tosontsengel 15 Dulamsuren Agro-meteorology, IMH 16 Jigmeddorj Drought, its indicators, RSWG, IMH 17 Lovor G. Social survey, RSWG 18 Lhamsuren Geographic Information System, ICC MNE 19 Mo’ngontsooj Social survey, Youth NGO, Dundgobi aimag 20 Munkhtuya Sh. Geographic Information System, ICC MNE 21 Namkhai Sh. Disaster management, RSWG, DMB 22 Purevsuren Socio-economic survey, Herders’ Association, Tuv aimag 23 Urjinkhand Social survey, Khentii, Dadal 24 Chuluun Ch. Hydrometeorology, Dundgobi 25 Chuluunbaatar Poverty survey, Khentii 26 Bayasgalan S. Database development, Web designer, JEMR “Risk Study” working group Tel: 323230, 326489 2 JEMR Consulting Co., Ltd E-mail: [email protected] Impact of Current Climate Hazards on February–December 2003 the Livelihoods of Herders’ Households 27 Altanzul H. 28 Ariunaa S. Data entry and typing, layout development, staffs of JEMR 29 Ganchimeg 30 Monhbaatar U. 31 Myagmarsuren Abbreviations: MF&E Ministry of Finance and Economy MSU Mongolia State University MSUA Mongolia State University of Agriculture RSWG “Risk study” working group IMH Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology ICC Information & Computer Center, MNE MNE Ministry of Nature and Environment DMA Disaster management Agency NAMHEM National Agency for Meteorology and Hydrology MMS Mongolia Meteorological Society JEMR JEMR Consulting Co., Ltd. “Risk Study” working group Tel: 323230, 326489 3 JEMR Consulting Co., Ltd E-mail: [email protected] Impact of Current Climate Hazards on February–December 2003 the Livelihoods of Herders’ Households Content 1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 6 1.1. TERMS OF REFERENCE AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION .............................................. 6 Research Goal and Objectives................................................................................ 6 Conducting the Research ........................................................................................ 7 Research Methodology............................................................................................ 9 1.2. OUTPUTS................................................................................................................ 12 TOR for Report ..................................................................................................... 12 Report Structure.................................................................................................... 12 Discussion of the Findings.................................................................................... 13 2.0 OUTPUTS OF THE STUDY ................................................................................ 14 2.1. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................ 14 1. Weather and Environmental Changes, Variability and Hazards ..................... 14 2. Impact of Climate hazards on Pasture-based Animal Husbandry.................... 16 3. Impact of Climate Hazards on Livelihood of Herders’ Households................ 22 4. Towards to Manage Climate Risks To Improve Herders’ Livelihoods............. 28 2.2. ADVISES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 31 1. For Poverty Reduction...................................................................................... 31 2. For economic strengthening of herders’ community........................................ 33 3. To manage risk of animal husbandry under changing climate and environment........................................................ 34 2.3. PILOTING ............................................................................................................... 37 1. Risk assessment and planning the preparedness .............................................. 37 2. The liquid gas fuel is to protect the pasture from desertification..................... 47 3. Multiplication and incubation for restocking with livestock ............................ 48 4: Raise camel to substitute cattle losses.............................................................. 49 3.0 IMPACT OF CLIMATE HAZARDS ON PASTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ........................................................................................................ 51 3.1. MONGOLIA............................................................................................................. 51 3.2. EXPERIENCES OF THE SURVEYED AIMAGS AND SOUMS........................................... 56 Bulgan aimag........................................................................................................ 57 Dundgobi aimag.................................................................................................... 59 Zavkhan aimag...................................................................................................... 64 To’v aimag ............................................................................................................ 65 Khentii................................................................................................................... 66 “Risk Study” working group Tel: 323230, 326489 4 JEMR Consulting Co., Ltd E-mail: [email protected] Impact of Current Climate Hazards on February–December 2003 the Livelihoods of Herders’ Households 4.0 IMPACT OF CLIMATE HAZARDS ON LIVELIHOODS OF HERDERS’ HOUSEHOLDS...................................................................................................... 68 4.1. LIVELIHOODS OF HERDERS’ HOUSEHOLDS IN MONGOLIA ..................................... 68 4.2. LIVELIHOODS OF HERDERS’ HOUSEHOLDS IN SURVEYED 5 AIMAGS ..................... 72 Surveyed Households and Their Representatives................................................. 72 Herders’ Household Livelihoods .......................................................................... 75 Impact of climate hazards on assets and incomes of herders’ households.......... 78 Natural Environment and Climate Change and Variability................................. 82 Access to weather forecasting, hazard warning information and activities for preparedness......................................................................................................... 83 Remoteness of herders from market...................................................................... 84 Support and Aid to the Herders ............................................................................ 85 Herders’ attitudes and recommendations to overcome hazards with less losses and adapt to climate change....................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.0 FINDINGS OF THE POLICY RESEARCH ...................................................... 86 5.1. GOVERNMENT STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT ...................................................... 86 Economic Development ........................................................................................ 86 Government Programme....................................................................................... 87 5.2. GOVERNMENT STRATEGY FOR POVERTY REDUCTION............................................ 89 Growth Policies for Poverty Reduction ................................................................ 90 Strategy Paper for Economic Growth Support and Poverty Reduction ............... 91 5.3. GOVERNMENT POLICY TO REDUCE RISK OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR........................... 93 Priority tasks of Livestock sector of Mongolia ....................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State Emergency Commission 2016
    January 4, State Emergency Commission 2016 EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT TEAM REPORT ON THE MISSION FOR EVALUATION OF THE WINTER CONDITIONS AND RISK ASSESSMENT Regarding the direction given by the Prime Minister of Mongolia, Emergency Assessment Teams to examine the winter conditions, conduct disaster risk assessments in 21 aimags and solve some urgent issues on the site, established under the Order of the Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia and Chairperson of the State Emergency Commission, had a mission from 16 December to 28 December 2015 in 21 aimags. The first team headed by Colonel M.Enkh-Amar, a Secretary of the State Emergency Commission, worked in Uvurkhangai, Bayakhongor, Gobi-Altai, Khovd, Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, Zavkhan, Arkhangai, Khuvsgul, Bulgan, Orkhon, Selenge and Darkhan-Uul aimags. The second team headed by Colonel Ts.Ganzorig, a Deputy Chief of NEMA, worked in Khentii, Dornod, Sukhbaatar, Dornogobi, Umnugobi, Dundgobi, Gobisumber and Tuv aimags. In total, the both teams visited 91 soums of 21 aimags. The teams included the officials and experts from the line ministries and agencies such as State Emergency Commission, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ministry of Health and Sports, Ministry of Road and Transport, National Emergency Management Agency, General Police Department, Specialised Inspection Authotiry, Hydro-Meteorological and Environmental Research Centre, and Disaster Research Institute. During the mission, the meetings of the aimag emergency commissions were convened, the situation in the soums with deteriorating winter conditions was examined in the field, herding households were visited, assessment and conclusions were made on the operations of the local branches of the state reserves, thermotransmission lines, the preparedness of power stations and the outreach of herders on remote pasture lands by public and health services, examination of the work for clearing blocked roads and mountain passes was carried out, some issues were solved and necessary assignments and directions were given.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Pasture Productivity in Mongolian Grasslands: Field Survey and Model Simulation
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240797895 Estimation of pasture productivity in Mongolian grasslands: Field survey and model simulation Article in Journal of Agricultural Meteorology · January 2010 DOI: 10.2480/agrmet.66.1.6 CITATIONS READS 11 336 3 authors: Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun Masato Shinoda Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment Nagoya University 14 PUBLICATIONS 95 CITATIONS 132 PUBLICATIONS 1,859 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Mitsuru Tsubo Tottori University 116 PUBLICATIONS 2,727 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Migration ecology and conservation of Mongolian wild ungulates View project Sand fluxes and its vertical distribution in the southern Mongolia: A sand storm case study for 2011 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun on 06 January 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Full Paper J. Agric. Meteorol. (農業気象) 66 (1): 31-39, 2010 Estimation of pasture productivity in Mongolian grasslands: field survey and model simulation Tserenpurev BAT-OYUN†, Masato SHINODA, and Mitsuru TSUBO (Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Hamasaka, Tottori, 680–0001, Japan) Abstract The Mongolian economy depends critically on products of range-fed livestock. Pasture is the major food source for livestock grazing, and its productivity is strongly affected by climatic variability. Direct measurement of pasture productivity is time-consuming and difficult, especially in remote areas of a large country like Mongolia with sparse spatial distribution of pasture monitoring. Therefore, model- ing is a valuable tool to simulate pasture productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia
    Universität Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2010 http://info.ub.uni-potsdam.de/verlag.htm Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 4623 / Fax: 3474 E-Mail: [email protected] Das Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2010 Online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam URL http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/volltexte/2010/4176/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 Zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag Potsdam ISBN 978-3-86956-053-3 Abstract Fiscal federalism has been an important topic among public finance theorists in the last four decades. There is a series of arguments that decentralization of governments enhances growth by improving allocation efficiency. However, the empirical studies have shown mixed results for industrialized and developing countries and some of them have demonstrated that there might be a threshold level of economic development below which decentralization is not effective. Developing and transition countries have developed a variety of forms of fiscal decentralization as a possible strategy to achieve effective and efficient governmental structures. A generalized principle of decentralization due to the country specific circumstances does not exist. Therefore, decentra- lization has taken place in different forms in various countries at different times, and even exactly the same extent of decentralization may have had different impacts under different conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix-3 Investigation Schedule Investigation Schedule （Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable in Mongolia）
    Appendix-3 Investigation Schedule Investigation Schedule （Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable in Mongolia） 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930 Speciality Name 1998 1999 2000 910111212345678910111212345678910111212 (9) (75) (2) (28) (15) (60) (30) (15) (30) (15) (30) (12) Team Leader／ Yoshitomo WATANABE 1 Power Supply Planner 3 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 Demand Estimtor／ (9) (75) (30) (15) (60) (30) (15) (30) (15) (30) (12) 2 Power Supply System Tomoyasu FUKUCHI Specialist 3 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 (3) (69) (24) (15) (60) (21) (15) (24) (15) (15) (12) 3 Solar Power Planner Deepak B.BISTA 9 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 (3) (69) (24) (15) (60) (21) (15) (24) (15) (15) (12) 4 Wind Power Planner Tsutomu DEI 9 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 Tariff Analyst／ (3) (66) (24) (45) (21) (24) (15) (27) (12) 5 Economic and Hiroshi NISHIMAKI Financial Analyst 3 7 25 9 25 10 28 9 Social and (61) (24) (8) (45) (21) (15) (24) (15) (21) (12) Kiyofumi TANAKA 6 Organization Analyst 17 16 26 5 25 9 15 29 25 10 28 9 Appendix-3 (75) (60) (12) Kazuyuki TADA/ 7 Coordinator Norio UEDA 316 12 10 28 9 Investigation Sched ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ Repors Repors Inception Report Progress Report 1 Progress Report 2 Interim Report Draft Final Report Final Report 910111212345678910111212345678910111212 Legend ： In Mongolia In Japan u The Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable Energy in Mongolia The First Site Investigation Schedule No.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services
    MONGOLIA Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services S. Rivera East Asia & Pacific The World Bank Government of Mongolia: Working Group Technical Donors Meeting October, 2006. 1 Mongolia: Infrastructure Strategy The Process and Outputs Factors Shaping Infrastructure Strategy Demand Key Choices to discuss this morning 2 Process and Outcome The Process – An interactive process, bringing together international practices: Meeting in Washington, March 2005. Field work in the late 2005. Preparation of about 12 background notes in sector and themes, discussed in Washington on June 2006. Submission of final draft report in November, 2006 Launching of Infrastructure Strategy report in a two day meeting in early 2007. Outcome A live document that can shape and form policy discussions on PIP, National Development Plan, and Regional Development Strategy….it has been difficult for the team to assess choices as well. 3 Factors Shaping the IS • Urban led Size and Growth of Ulaanbaatar and Selected Aimag (Pillar) Centers Size of the Circle=Total Population ('000) Infrastructure 6% 5% 869.9 Investments ) l 4% ua nn 3% a Ulaanbaatar (%, 2% h t Darkhan w Erdenet o 1% r G n 0% o i -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 at l -1% Choibalsan Kharkhorin opu Ondorkhaan P -2% Khovd Uliastai -3% Zuunmod -4% Share of Total Urban Population (%) 4 Factors Shaping the IS: Connectivity, with the World and in Mongolia Khankh Khandgait Ulaanbaishint Ereentsav Khatgal Altanbulag ULAANGOM Nogoonnuur UVS KHUVSGUL Tsagaannuur ÒýñTes
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Transport plays a crucial role in the efficient functioning of the domestic economy as well as development of international trade due to dependence on both coal-based energy production and imports. However, the issues in the transport sector of Mongolia are mainly derived from the salient features of a landlocked country with a low population and a long distance between population centers. A major characteristics of transportation in Mongolia is the collection and distribution by road of both passenger traffic and cargo transport from the north-south transport axis centering on Ulaanbaatar. The main north-south axis comprises both rail and road. Within road transport, the density of arterial road network remains very low and unpaved earth roads or multiple shifting tracks occupy a large portion of arterial roads. More than 30% of population and a half of national car ownership are concentrated in Ulaanbaatar City, while very low level of mobility is found in rural area because non-motorized traffic such as horse and cart prevails. Recently, such gap of mobility level is increasing. Under such circumstances, in response to the request of the Government of Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as "GOM"), the Government of Japan decided to conduct the Feasibility Study on Construction of Eastern Arterial Road in Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as "the Study"), in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations in force in Japan. Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter referred to as "JICA"), the official agency responsible for the implementation of the technical cooperation programs of the Government of Japan, dispatched the preparatory study team headed by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuul River Mongolia
    HEALTHY RIVERS FOR ALL Tuul River Basin Report Card • 1 TUUL RIVER MONGOLIA BASIN HEALTH 2019 REPORT CARD Tuul River Basin Report Card • 2 TUUL RIVER BASIN: OVERVIEW The Tuul River headwaters begin in the Lower As of 2018, 1.45 million people were living within Khentii mountains of the Khan Khentii mountain the Tuul River basin, representing 46% of Mongolia’s range (48030’58.9” N, 108014’08.3” E). The river population, and more than 60% of the country’s flows southwest through the capital of Mongolia, GDP. Due to high levels of human migration into Ulaanbaatar, after which it eventually joins the the basin, land use change within the floodplains, Orkhon River in Orkhontuul soum where the Tuul lack of wastewater treatment within settled areas, River Basin ends (48056’55.1” N, 104047’53.2” E). The and gold mining in Zaamar soum of Tuv aimag and Orkhon River then joins the Selenge River to feed Burenkhangai soum of Bulgan aimag, the Tuul River Lake Baikal in the Russian Federation. The catchment has emerged as the most polluted river in Mongolia. area is approximately 50,000 km2, and the river itself These stressors, combined with a growing water is about 720 km long. Ulaanbaatar is approximately demand and changes in precipitation due to global 470 km upstream from where the Tuul River meets warming, have led to a scarcity of water and an the Orkhon River. interruption of river flow during the spring. The Tuul River basin includes a variety of landscapes Although much research has been conducted on the including mountain taiga and forest steppe in water quality and quantity of the Tuul River, there is the upper catchment, and predominantly steppe no uniform or consistent assessment on the state downstream of Ulaanbaatar City.
    [Show full text]
  • Population and Economic Activities of Ulaanbaatar
    POPULATION AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF ULAANBAATAR Bayanchimeg Chilkhaasuren, Head of Statistics Department UB. Batbayar Baasankhuu, Chief of Division Economic statistics of Statistics Department UB. POPULATION Urbanization in Mongolia has developed sharply since the second half of the last century and the percentage of people in urban areas from the total population has been increasing. According to the census conducted in 2010, two of every three citizens in Mongolia live in urban areas. Around 44.0% of the total population of Mongolia lived in urban areas in 1969. However, this number increased to 67.9% in 2010. This increase of population of the urban areas of Mongolia within the last decade is approximate to the population increase in 30 years before this decade. According to the urbanization of the population, the majority of people are living in Ulaanbaatar city and Central region. For instance: Darkhan-uul, Dornogobi and South-Gobi where there is better infrastructure systems such as the development of mining and other services and they have tar roads and railways as well as bordering China is also a key of the population attraction. The western area of Mongolia is not under-populated and urbanization is not at an intensive level. The main attractions of urban areas are that the development of social sectors such as production, services, education and health care in Ulaanbaatar city and province centers are better than in rural areas. Therefore, many people are moving to urban areas, which increases the size of the urban population from the total population of Mongolia. The majority of the Mongolian population, around 64.2%, is living only in Ulaanbaatar city.
    [Show full text]
  • (Additional Financing): Project Administration Manual
    Additional Financing for the Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project (RRP MON 42184-027) Project Administration Manual Project Number: 42184-027 Loan Number: 3388-MON September 2018 Mongolia: Additional Financing for Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan IEE – initial environmental examination MCUD – Ministry of Construction and Urban Development MOF – Ministry of Finance NCB – national competitive bidding PAM – project administration manual PMU – project management unit PPMS – project performance management system PUSO – public utility service organization QCBS – quality- and cost-based selection RRP – report and recommendation of the President SGAP – social and gender action plan SOE – statement of expenditure TOR – terms of reference TSA – Treasury single account WSRC – Water Services Regulatory Commission WWTP – wastewater treatment plant CONTENTS Page I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 A. Rationale 1 B. Impact and Outcome 4 C. Outputs 5 II. IMPLEMENTATION PLANS 6 A. Project Readiness Activities 6 B. Overall Project Implementation Plan 6 III. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS 7 A. Project Implementation Organizations: Roles and Responsibilities 8 B. Key Persons Involved in Implementation 10 C. Project Organization Structure 11 IV. COSTS AND FINANCING 12 A. Cost Estimates 12 B. Key Assumptions 12 C. Revised Project and Financing Plan 13 D. Detailed Cost Estimates by Expenditure Category 15 E. Allocation and Withdrawal of Loan Proceeds 16 F. Detailed Cost Estimates by Financier ($ million) 17 G. Detailed Cost Estimates by Output ($ million) 18 H. Detailed Cost Estimates by Year ($ million) 19 I. Contract and Disbursement S-Curve 20 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project
    Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Project Number: 42184-027 Loan Number: 3388-MON September 2018 Proposed Loan for Additional Financing Mongolia: Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project Distribution of this document is restricted until it has been approved by the Board of Directors. Following such approval, ADB will disclose the document to the public in accordance with ADB's Public Communications Policy 2011. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 23 August 2018) Currency unit – togrog (MNT) MNT1.00 = $0.000405 $1.00 = MNT2,467.00 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank IFAS – integrated fixed-film activated sludge m3 – cubic meter MCUD – Ministry of Construction and Urban Development PAM – project administration manual PMU – project management unit PUSO – public utility service organization SGAP – social and gender action plan TA – technical assistance WWTP – wastewater treatment plant GLOSSARY aimag – provincial administrative unit aimag center – aimag capital ger – traditional felt tent khural – citizens' representative committee soum – administrative subunit of aimag NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. Vice-President Stephen Groff, Operations 2 Director General Amy S.P. Leung, East Asia Department (EARD) Director Sangay Penjor, Urban and Social Sectors Division, EARD Team leader Antonio Ressano Garcia, Principal Urban Development Specialist, EARD Deputy team leader Tuul Badarch, Senior Project Officer (Infrastructure), EARD Team members Baurzhan Konysbayev, Principal
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia 1989 Census Coder
    Population and Housing Census 1989 THE INSTRUCTION FOR CODING OF POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF MONGOLIA One. GENERAL PROVISION This instruction shall be used to process data collected by census questionnaire, household sheet, survey on unemployed ones with working ability in working age and survey on females. The instruction consists of 3 sections and annexes. Namely, Section I. Instruction to code indicators of census questionnaire Section II. Instruction to code indicators of household sheet Section III. Instruction to code indicators of unemployed ones with working ability in working age and survey on females Annexes: - Annex No1. The classification of administrative units - Annex No 2. The lists of cities and villages - Annex No 3. The codes for ethnic groups - Annex No 4. The codes for countries - Annex No 5. The classification of national economy - Annex No 6. The classification list of employment - Annex No 7. The classification list of occupation - Annex No 8. Lists of sources of living - Annex No 9. Relationship to the household head If coders have any unclear or disputable things, they shall be informed to the section of population census and solved them immediately. Section I Instruction to code indicators of census questionnaire 1. The indicators of census questionnaire, which to be coded and checked Name of the indicators Number of To be coded – C To Annex to be digits be checked - Ch used 1. Aimags and cities 1 C 1 2. Whether they obtained registration 1 Ch number or not 3. Address /urban, rural/ 1 Ch 1, 2 4. Cities and villages /soum and khoroo/ 1 C 2 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuul River Basin Basin
    GOVERNMENT OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MONGOLIA I II III AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT Physical, Tuul river Socio-Economic geographical basin water Development and natural resource and and Future condition of water quality trend of the Tuul river Tuul River basin Basin IV V VI Water Water use Negative TUUL RIVER BASIN supply, water balance of the impacts on consumption- Tuul river basin basin water INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN use and water resources demand, hydro- constructions VII VIII IX Main challenges River basin The organization and strategic integrated and control of objectives of the water resources the activities to river basin water management implement the Tuul management plan plan measures River Basin IWM INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN plan Address: TUUL RIVER BASIN “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project Chingunjav Street, Bayangol District Ulaanbaatar-16050, Mongolia Tel/Fax: 362592, 363716 Website: http://iwrm.water.mn E-mail: [email protected] Ulaanbaatar 2012 Annex 1 of the Minister’s order ¹ A-102 of Environment and Green Development, dated on 03 December, 2012 TUUL RIVER BASIN INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (Phase 1, 2013-2015; Phase 2, 2016-2021) Ulaanbaatar 2012 DDC 555.7’015 Tu-90 This plan was developed within the framework of the “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project, funded by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands at Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Project Project Project Consulting Team National Director
    [Show full text]