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Dominant Narratives in the Migratory Discourse of Colombia; an Analysis of the Content of Speech in Local Television News and the Opinions of Colombian Citizens

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Dominant Narratives in the Migratory Discourse of Colombia; an Analysis of the Content of Speech in Local Television News and the Opinions of Colombian Citizens University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Graduate Masters Theses Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses 8-2020 Dominant Narratives in the Migratory Discourse of Colombia; An Analysis of the Content of Speech in Local Television News and the Opinions of Colombian Citizens Jennifer Andrea Moya Castano Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/masters_theses Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons DOMINANT NARRATIVES IN THE MIGRATORY DISCOURSE OF COLOMBIA; AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF SPEECH IN LOCAL TELEVISION NEWS AND THE OPINIONS OF COLOMBIAN CITIZENS A Thesis Presented by JENNIFER ANDREA MOYA CASTANO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2020 Conflict Resolution Program © 2020 by Jennifer Andrea Moya Castano All rights reserved DOMINANT NARRATIVES IN THE MIGRATORY DISCOURSE OF COLOMBIA; AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF SPEECH IN LOCAL TELEVISION NEWS AND THE OPINIONS OF COLOMBIAN CITIZENS A Thesis Presented by JENNIFER ANDREA MOYA CASTANO Approved as to style and content by: ________________________________________________ Jeffrey Pugh, Assistant Professor Chairperson of Committee ________________________________________________ Luis F. Jiménez, Associate Professor Member ________________________________________________ Eben Weitzman, Associate Professor Member _________________________________________ Eben Weitzman, Program Director Conflict Resolution Program _________________________________________ Darren Kew, Chair Department of Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global Governance ABSTRACT DOMINANT NARRATIVES IN THE MIGRATORY DISCOURSE OF COLOMBIA; AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF SPEECH IN LOCAL TELEVISION NEWS AND THE OPINIONS OF COLOMBIAN CITIZENS August 2020 Jennifer Andrea Moya Castano, B.A., Universidad Manuela Beltran M.S., University of Massachusetts Boston Directed by Assistant Professor Jeffrey Pugh Colombia is an underdeveloped country that has little experience as a host country of migrants. The massive arrival of Venezuelans has sparked a number of social concerns. Currently, Colombia is the largest recipient of Venezuelans in the world, with 1.5 million Venezuelans. The lack of regulatory migration policies and programs or institutions that support migration processes makes this phenomenon more difficult at a large scale. However, the Colombian government has made efforts to support the Venezuelan population, which iv have been contested by some Colombian citizens. State actors, non-state actors, and Colombian citizens have all been forming and developing a range of narratives that can welcome, stigmatize, dehumanize, or value these migrants. For this reason, this thesis aims to describe the characteristics of the dominant narratives in Colombia related to the migratory discourse as a tool of understanding the internal conflicts related to integration, identity, belonging, and negotiation that has been deployed within this migratory phenomenon in Colombia. This thesis thus contributes to the conflict resolution and securitization literature on migration in Colombia as a relatively new phenomenon, by providing an analysis of this narrative. The present work includes qualitative and quantitative research, with descriptive scope, with reference to migratory narratives in Colombia. Quantitative research includes the content analysis of 80 television videos from local news in Colombia on migration over the last 5 years. The quantitative analysis allows, first, the exposure of the types of messages that are transmitted in the television news and the way in which migrants are being framed by the media, such as victims, villains, heroes, and strategic actors. Second, the analysis of the television news identifies characteristics of the dominant narratives that could create social boundaries. On the other hand, the content of the qualitative research allows for the analysis of 20 interviews conducted with Colombian citizens, who are adult residents of working age in the city of Bogotá, exposing subjective perspectives and opinions regarding migration. The qualitative analysis allows: first, the identification of the type of dominant narratives in which the participants are framing migrants; second, a distinction between the similarities and differences of the content of the dominant narratives that were found on TV news and in interviews within each population. This shows the power of narrative as a social construction v that affects the integration of migrants, and also shows the importance of personal interactions with immigrants in shaping which narratives resonate. Keywords: Migration, narrative, discourse, frame, perception, borders, conflict, securitization. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................x CHAPTER Page 1. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................1 1.1.Introduction ........................................................................................................1 1.2.Research problem statement ..............................................................................4 Research questions .................................................................................7 1.3.Justification in terms of needs and relevance of the investigation .....................8 1.4.Objectives ..........................................................................................................9 General Objective ..................................................................................9 Specific Objectives ................................................................................9 Quantitative ................................................................................9 Qualitative ................................................................................10 1.5.Background of the investigation ......................................................................10 Colombia ..............................................................................................11 Colombian current migratory policy ........................................16 Venezuela .............................................................................................18 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................23 2.1.Migrant social interactions ...............................................................................24 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ...............................................................25 Ecological model .................................................................................26 Social identity theory ...........................................................................28 2.2.Deployment of migratory discourse .................................................................29 Securitization theory ............................................................................29 Narratives .............................................................................................32 The power of the narratives .....................................................33 The media .............................................................................................34 2.3.Contact theory ..................................................................................................34 2.4.Empirical works ...............................................................................................35 3. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN ..........................................................................40 3.1.Type of investigation .......................................................................................40 3.2.Research design ...............................................................................................42 3.3.Population ........................................................................................................43 3.4.Data Collection techniques and instruments ....................................................45 Interview questions ..............................................................................47 3.5.Data processing and analysis techniques .........................................................48 vii CHAPTER Page 4. RESULTS ..............................................................................................................49 4.1.Presentation of the results ................................................................................49 First part of the investigation ...............................................................49 Description of the videos .........................................................49 Content .....................................................................................51 Frames ......................................................................................53 Second part of the investigation ...........................................................56 General information of the participants related to the city of Bogotá ...........................................................................56 Working age .............................................................................59
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