UNODC Multi-Country Study on Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants from Nepal

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UNODC Multi-Country Study on Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants from Nepal United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Regional Office for SouthAsia September 2019 Copyright © UNODC 2019 Disclaimer: The designations employed and the contents of this publication, do not imply the expression or endorsement of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. EP 16/17, Chandragupta Marg, Chanakyapuri New Delhi - 110021, India Tel: +91 11 24104964/66/68 Website: www.unodc. org/southasia/ Follow UNODC South Asia on: This is an internal UNODC document, which is not meant for wider public distribution and is a component of ongoing, expert research undertaken by the UNODC under the GLO.ACT project. The objective of this study is to identify pressing needs and offer strategic solutions to support the Government of Nepal and its law enforcement agencies in areas covered by UNODC mandates, particularly the smuggling of migrants. This report has not been formally edited, and its contents do not necessarily reflect or imply endorsement of the views or policies of the UNODC or any contributory organizations. In addition, the designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply any particular opinion whatsoever regarding the legal status of any country, territory, municipality or its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The boundaries and names shown, and the designations used in all the maps in this report, do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations and the UNODC. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVIATIONS 4 KEY TERMS USED IN THE REPORT AND THEIR DEFINITIONS/MEANINGS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 Background 12 1.2 Purpose of the report 14 1.3 Overview of research and information collection process 15 1.4 Limitations of the report 16 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS OF SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS FROM NEPAL 17 2.1 Situation analysis of smuggling of migrants from Nepal to the Americas 18 2.1.1 Overview 18 2.1.2 Push and pull factors in Nepal related to the smuggling of migrants, irregular migration and trafficking in persons 22 2.1.2.1 Push factors from Nepal 23 Case Study 1: Smuggling of Nepalese women to Haiti 24 Case Study 2: The Case of Trafficking to Kuwait 26 2.1.2.2 Pull factors of destination/transit countries 27 2.1.3 Profile of smuggled and irregular migrants 28 2.1.4 Modus operandi and smuggling routes 31 2.1.4.1 Smuggling of migrants to the United States of America 31 Case Study 3: The smuggling of teenagers from India 38 2.1.4.2 Smuggling of migrants to Europe 48 2.1.4.3 Smuggling of migrants and Trafficking In Persons from Nepal to South Africa 50 2.1.5 Profile of migrant smugglers 51 Case Study 4: Woman Smuggler 54 Case Study 5: The story of Rakhi Gauchan, the female smuggler of Nepalese origin in the US 55 2.1.6 Conditions and risks facing smuggled migrants 56 Case study 6: The journey of Bahadur Paija from Nepal 58 2.1.7 Fees and financing 59 2.2 Situational analysis of trafficking in persons from Nepal to South Africa and East Africa 61 2.2.1 Trafficking in dance bars in Kenya 61 2.2.2 Profile of trafficked victims 62 2.2.3 Modus operandi of traffickers for recruitment 63 2.2.4 Conditions and risks facing trafficked persons 63 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS 65 3.1 International instruments 66 3.1.1 The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration 69 3.2 Regional initiatives 70 3.3 National legislative, regulatory and policy frameworks 70 3.3.1 Analysis of the legal and policy framework in Nepal on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking in Persons 70 3.3.1.1 Broad Legal Framework in Nepal on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 70 3.3.1.2 Institutional and regulatory framework in Nepal on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 73 3.3.1.3 Policies and Plans 75 3.3.2 Legal and policy framework in Brazil 76 3.3.2.1 Broad Legal Framework in Brazil on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 77 3.3.2.2 Institutional and regulatory framework in Brazil on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 78 3.3.2.3 Policies and Plans 78 3.3.3 Legal and policy framework in Colombia 79 3.3.3.1 Broad Legal Framework in Colombia on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 79 3.3.3.2 Institutional and regulatory framework in Colombia on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 79 3.3.3.3 Policies and Plans 80 3.3.4 Legal and policy framework in South Africa 80 3.3.4.1 Broad Legal Framework in South Africa on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 80 3.3.4.2 Institutional and regulatory framework in South Africa on Smuggling of Migrants and Trafficking In Persons 81 3.3.4.3 Policies and Plans 81 4. RESPONSES TO SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS 83 4.1 Criminal justice responses 84 4.1.1 Corruption/ complicity of officials 87 4.2 International co-operation 87 4.3 Protection and support for smuggled migrants and trafficked victims 88 5. RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS AND TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS 91 5.1 Join the international legal framework on smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons 92 5.2 Develop and strengthen national migrant smuggling laws and policies 93 5.3 Strengthen international cooperation to prevent and combat migrant smuggling 93 5.4 Enhance the collection, sharing and analysis of migrant smuggling and human trafficking and related conduct data 95 5.5 Improve the investigation and prosecution of migrant smugglers and smuggling networks 96 5.6 Develop strategies to address prevention of migrant smuggling through targeted awareness programmes 97 ANNEXURE 1 - CASE STUDIES 98 Case Study 1: Smuggling of Nepalese women to Haiti 98 Case Study 2: The Case of Trafficking to Kuwait 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 102 FIGURES CHAPTER 1 Figure 1: Snapshot of international migrants Figure 2: Snapshot of male and female international migrants Figure 3: Top 20 desired destination countries among adults planning to migrate (percent) CHAPTER 2 Figure 4: Remittances received in USD Figure 5: Map of South Asia Figure 6: Popular destination countries in East Asia, Southwest Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, North America and Oceania for the smuggling of migrants from South Asia Figure 7: Haiti, the new port of choice to America Figure 8: Push and pull factors Figure 9: Number of South Asian migrants who attempted to enter the US through the southern border without proper documentation Figure 10: Map of Central and South America Figure 11: One of the smuggling routes from Nepal-India to US from Ecuador Figure 12: South Asian migrants using Brazil as transit point for entry into the US Figure 13: Brazil to Bolivia or Colombia or Peru Figure 14: Irregular migrants recorded in Colombia Figure 15: Men from Nepal and India board boats in Turbo, Colombia, headed north Figure 16: One of the routes from Nepal to the US through Brazil – Colombia - Darién Gap Figure 17: Number of Nepalese migrants traversing the Darién Gap Figure 18: Map of the Darién Gap and the break in the Pan-American Highway between Yaviza, Panama and Turbo, Colombia Figure 19: Nepalese migrants, heading to the US, lie exhausted on the ground at a border checkpoint after crossing the Darién Gap Figure 20: A chart shows the number and nationality of migrants captured in or near Paya, Panama, during a one-month period in early 2016 Figure 21: Migrants from Nepal and Bangladesh in the Darién Gap Figure 22: A map showing the route many migrants take with the help of smugglers to get to US and Canada Figure 23: Waiting to enter the United States Figure 24: From South Asia to Europe Figure 25: Route from India to UK via Russia Figure 26: Arrested Nepali national by the Peruvian National Police Figure 27: Katia calls the migrants her “baby chickens” Figure 28: A group of Nepalese en route to US, hiding in a Cambodian forest Figure 29: Snapshot of smuggler’s fees during transit to the US Figure 30: Trafficking of Nepalese girls to dance bars based in the Middle East and African countries TABLES CHAPTER 2 Table 1: Key migration statistics for Nepal Table 2: Database of recorded Nepalese migrants in Brazil Table 3: Estimated costs of irregular migration CHAPTER 3 Table 4: Country’s signatory status to relevant international human trafficking and migrant instruments – Nepal, Bangladesh and India Table 5: Country’s signatory status to relevant international human trafficking and migrant instruments – Brazil, Colombia and South Africa FOREWORD The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is the guardian of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), and its Supplementary Protocols: The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, and the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. UNODC promotes the ratification of these instruments and assists Member States in their efforts to effectively implement them. The UNODC is implementing in partnership with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), a four year (2015-2019) Global Action against Trafficking in Persons and the Smuggling of Migrants (GLO.ACT) project as a joint initiative with the European Union.
Recommended publications
  • Jersey's Involvement in the Slave Trade
    A RESPECTABLE TRADE OR AGAINST HUMAN DIGNITY? Next year sees the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade. The Head of Community Learning, Doug Ford, explains that while Jersey and Guernsey were not directly involved, Channel Islands merchants and ships did profit from the transportation of human cargoes across the Atlantic. This 1792 image of Captain John Kember by Isaac Cruickshank was used by the abolitionists to further their cause. (Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-6204) 4 THE HERITAGE MAGAZINE IN 2007 THE UK CELEBRATES THE BICENTENARY again two months later. During his captivity he was held in of the abolition of the slave trade within what was then the irons and tortured until his family paid a ransom of 600 developing British Empire. As an institution, slavery carried ecus. The mate of the ship died three weeks after being on until 1834, when Parliament finally outlawed the captured and the cabin boy “turned Turk” - converted to practice. Other countries abolished the trade at different Islam to avoid slavery. times until the Brazilians finally ended slavery in 1888 - 37 Another Islander, Richard Dumaresq, held in Salé years after they had prohibited the trade. While Jersey was around the same time, was ransomed following an appeal to not deeply involved in the slave trade, it was involved on the the States by his brothers, Philippe and Jacques and sister, periphery - there was too much money to be made from Marie in May 1627. Sadly, Richard died in 1628 soon after what at the time was regarded as “a perfectly respectable his return to the Island.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study on the Export Corridor and Grain Port Improvement in Paraguay
    Ministry of Public Works and Communications (MOPC) Republic of Paraguay The Study on the Export Corridor and Grain Port Improvement in Paraguay FINAL REPORT August 2006 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. CENTRAL CONSULTANT INC. Exchange rates: May 2006 US$1.00 = Guarani Gs.5,500 US$1.00 = Yen ¥114.58 PREFACE In response to the request from the Government of the Republic of Paraguay, the Government of Japan decided to conduct the Study on the Export Corridor and Grain Port Improvement in the Republic of Paraguay and entrusted the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA dispatched a Study Team headed by Mr. Toshihiro Hotta of Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. to the Republic of Paraguay between September 2005 and July 2006. The Study Team held discussions with the concerned officials of the Republic of Paraguay and conducted the field surveys in the study area. Upon returning to Japan, the Study Team prepared this report. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relationship between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the concerned officials of the Republic of Paraguay for their close cooperation extended to the Study. August 2006 Kazuhisa MATSUOKA Vice President Japan International Cooperation Agency Letter of Transmittal August 2006 Mr. Kazuhisa MATSUOKA Vice President Japan International Cooperation Agency Dear Sir, It is a great honor for me to submit herewith the final reports for The Study on the Export Corridor and Grain Port Improvement in Paraguay.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with Dayton S. Mak
    Library of Congress Interview with Dayton S. Mak The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project DAYTON S. MAK Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: August 9, 1989 Copyright 2010 ADST Q: Dayton, when and where were you born? MAK: I was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, July 10, 1917. Q: Let's talk about the family, let's go on the Mak side. What do you know about them? MAK: The Mak original name was three-barrel Mak van Waay, which in Dutch would be Mak fon vei [pronounces in Dutch]. They were from Dordrecht, the Netherlands. The family had an antique showroom there, an auction house a bit like Sotheby's. Q: ...in... MAK: In Dordrecht. That was the Mak van Waay family. They then moved to Amsterdam. At the same time, anther part of the family, a son, I believe, wanted to establish a Mak van Waay firm in Dordrecht itself. According to Dutch law, they couldn't do that. There could only be one firm Mak van Waay, so they opened the Firma Mak in Dordrecht. The Firma Mak still exists, and the big building remains on the tour of the old city of Dordrecht. The Mak van Waay part, of which I'm a member, stayed in Amsterdam until about 15 years ago, when the last Mak van Waay died. He had no children. So, the Mak van Waay in Interview with Dayton S. Mak http://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib000739 Library of Congress Holland effectively died out.
    [Show full text]
  • Unicef Nepal
    -.;*• la 8 2 2 N P 7 5 '\ gà| UNICEF NEPAL WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY By S. Radojicic •••-• <*, 1975 LIB RA a Y !»<; • ¿I Roiere'iee Centre for GuiiiiM unity VVaier Supply WATER SUPPLY MD SANITATION SECTOR STUDY - NEPAL NP I'S WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY by S. RODOJICIC UNICEF Hy&rodeologist 1975 Li;:-- •' tnj -: • ••.•..V¡..*¡ t , ; :• . ,¡w »'.;•<;f- supply CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 - V RECOMMENDATIONS VI - IX INTRODUCTION ...,..,,, 1 1. SURFACE WATER OCCURRENCES „(liijàt ! 2. GROUND WATER OCCURRENCES ,..***,*. 5 2.1. Mountain complex ..............,..,........*.****,»*«** 5 2.1.1. High Himalayas *..*..*.. 6 2.1.2. Midland Zone 7 2.1.3. Mahabharat Range 13 2.1.4. Churia Hills „,., 14 2.2. Terai Region 15 2.2.1. Eastern Terai 17 2.2.2. Central Terai 18 2.3-2. Western Terai 19 2.2.3.1. Lumbini Zone 19 2.2.3.2. .Bkeri Zone 22 2.2.3.3. Seti-Mahakali Zone 24 3. FEASIBILITY OF TAPPING GROUND WATER IN THE TJ3RAI BY SHlJjLOW TUBE WELLS 24 3.1. Hydrogeological Conditions 26 3.2. Drilling Method and Equipment Required 29 3.3. Well Design, Construction and Cost .....30 4. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE WATER RESOURCES EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION . .*, 35 4.1. Water Supply and Sewerage Board ,.35 4.2. Water Supply and Sewerage Department 36 4.3. Remote Area and Local Development Department 39 4.4. Ground Water Section 40 4.5. Nepal Resettlement Co ,42 4.6 Constractors Service Available in Nepal ...4...42 REFERENCES SUMMARY x I. In Nepal there are real feasibilities the water supply of people to be settled by developing two water resources: surface and ground waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal
    IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal Country Name Nepal Official Name Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Regional Bureau Bangkok, Thailand Assessment Assessment Date: From 16 October 2009 To: 6 November 2009 Name of the assessors Rich Moseanko – World Vision International John Jung – World Vision International Rajendra Kumar Lal – World Food Programme, Nepal Country Office Title/position Email contact At HQ: [email protected] 1/105 IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Country Profile....................................................................................................................................................................3 1.1. Introduction / Background.........................................................................................................................................5 1.2. Humanitarian Background ........................................................................................................................................6 1.3. National Regulatory Departments/Bureau and Quality Control/Relevant Laboratories ......................................16 1.4. Customs Information...............................................................................................................................................18 2. Logistics Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................................33 2.1. Port Assessment .....................................................................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • Download 1.17 MB
    Social Monitoring Report Quarterly Report May 2020 Project Number: 48337-002 Nepal: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Roads Improvement Project Prepared by the Department of Roads for the Ministry of Finance and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport DEPARTMENT OF ROADS Project Directorate (ADB) Bishalnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF SASEC ROADS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (SRIP) (ADB Loan No.: 3478-NEP) QUARTERLY REPORT NO. 7 (SOCIAL MONITORING) SASEC Roads Improvement Project Package 1: EWH- NarayanghatButwal Road, Section I (64.425 Km) Package 2: EWH- NarayanghatButwal Road, Section II (48.535 Km) Package 3:Bhairahawa –Lumbini- Taulihawa Road, (41.130 Km) (January - March) 2020 Submitted by M/S Korea Engineering Consultants Ltd. Corp.-MEH Consultant (P) Ltd., Kyong Dong Engineering Co. Ltd. JV In association with MULTI – Disciplinary Consultants (P) Ltd.&Seoul, Korea.SOIL Test (P) Ltd. QUARTERLY (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT NO. 7 January - March 2020 SOCIAL MONITORING REPORT QUARTERLY REPORT NO. 7 (January – March 2020) NEP: Loan No. 3478 SASEC Road Improvement Project (SRIP) Prepared by: Department of Roads, Project Directorate (ADB), for Ministry of Physical Infrastructure & Transport and the Asian Development Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • What's New in Washington: 10 Things You Need to Know
    Having trouble reading this email? View it in your browser Share This Page March 31, 2017 As the Trump presidency completes its first 10 weeks, the administration is celebrating big wins on the regulatory reform front while nursing some wounds from a major defeat on efforts to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA). While health care reform is on pause for the moment, Republicans are turning to tax reform as the next major policy priority and continuing to use executive orders (EO) and the Congressional Review Act to roll back Obama­era regulations. Funding for the government expires on April 28, 2017, so Republicans and Democrats will face the first test of bipartisanship in the next few weeks as they seek to fund government agencies, including the Department of Defense, through the end of September. All eyes will be on the Senate next week as the Supreme Court nomination of Judge Neil Gorsuch takes center stage. Here are 10 things that we believe are worth focusing on from the last two weeks: 1. Gorsuch Nomination 2. Possible Repeal of ISP Security Rules 3. TSA’s New Restrictions on Electronic Devices 4. “Energy Independence” Executive Order 5. Secretary Tillerson in Asia 6. Bilateral Trade and NAFTA Renegotiations 7. FDA User Fees Reauthorization 8. Fiduciary Rule 9. USTR Reports 10. Congressional Appropriations Preview Gorsuch Nomination Amid pressure from his left­leaning base, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D­NY) stepped up his opposition to the nomination of Judge Neil Gorsuch to fill the late Justice Antonin Scalia’s seat on the Supreme Court.
    [Show full text]
  • Adapting to Climate Change: Series of Impacts
    ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES ORGANIZATION POLICY SERIES NUMBER 12 – December 2007 effects including drought, fires, and increased carbon releases into Third, the complex relationship among deforestation, changing the atmosphere because of forest die-back. (Wara et al. 2005) surface water temperatures, decreased (or increased) rainfall POLICY SERIES NUMBER 12 – December 2007 A relatively modest drop in average annual rainfall could bring patterns and other factors makes it necessary to apply general about changes in average forest moisture levels. Drier forests circulation models (GCMs) that estimate dynamic interactions will return less moisture to the atmosphere and less moisture will within wider freshwater basins. Although most climate models in turn lead to lower annual average rainfall, which will have a tend to be static, there have been remarkable advances in recent Adapting to Climate Change: series of impacts. years, and these advances will be integrated into the Amazon, 1 La Plata and other projects. One of the unique features of the Amazon region is that its forest Challenges to Freshwater Management ecosystem is responsible for roughly half of the region’s total Finally, detailed assessments of climate change impacts as the rainfall. Although the rates of deforestation appear to have slowed first step towards climate adaptation are technically complex and n recent years, the climate change debate has evolved. The Dialogue on Water and Climate, which was supported by the since a peak in 2005, deforestation remains a key driver of changing potentially expensive. Several assessments such as the recently Formerly the debate focused on verifying the scientific Government of the Netherlands and complemented ongoing precipitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Investing in People to Close the Human Capital Gap
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Investing inPeopletoClosetheHumanCapitalGap DEVELOPMENTUPDATE NEPAL June 6,2019 June Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the The World Bank does not guarantee the International Bank for Reconstruction and accuracy of the data included in this work. Development/The World Bank. The findings, The boundaries colors, denominations, and interpretations, and conclusions expressed in other information shown on any map in this this paper do not necessarily reflect the view of work do not imply any judgement on the part the Executive Directors of The World Bank or of The World Bank concerning the legal status the governments they represent. of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. All other queries on rights and licenses, Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of including subsidiary rights, should be addressed this work without permission may be a to the Office of the Publisher, The World violation of applicable law. The International Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, The World Bank encourages dissemination of e-mail [email protected]. its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information
    [Show full text]
  • A Connectivity-Driven Development Strategy for Nepal: from a Landlocked to a Land-Linked State
    ADBI Working Paper Series A Connectivity-Driven Development Strategy for Nepal: From a Landlocked to a Land-Linked State Pradumna B. Rana and Binod Karmacharya No. 498 September 2014 Asian Development Bank Institute Pradumna B. Rana is an associate professor at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Binod Karmacharya is an advisor at the South Asia Centre for Policy Studies (SACEPS), Kathmandu, Nepal Prepared for the ADB–ADBI study on “Connecting South Asia and East Asia.” The authors are grateful for the comments received at the Technical Workshop held on 6–7 November 2013. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms. Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published. “$” refers to US dollars, unless otherwise stated. The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. Suggested citation: Rana, P., and B.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Amazon Initiative ALL TOGETHER for a LIVING AMAZON #10 • JAN-FEB 2013 for a Living Amazon
    NEWSLETTER LAI 2013 Living Amazon Initiative ALL TOGETHER FOR A LIVING AMAZON #10 • JAN-FEB 2013 For a living Amazon © WWF-BRASIL / LUCIANO CANDISANI © MARÍA DEL PILAR RAMÍREZ / WWF PERÚ The paradigm of an isolated and passively protected Amazon THE AMAZON THAT is no longer valid. Environmental degradation is affecting biodiversity, health, local economies and is a growing source of conflicts in the region. WE ALL DEPEND ON The Living Amazon Initiative (LAI) is working much more strategically orientated promoting the changes that are needed and considering the whole Amazon as a single ecological functioning entity. This is key to achieve WWF conservation goals and results in a biome scale. 2 The integrated work WWF is doing in this vital cross-country region is to provide valuable tools to implement strategies and to create models for conservation planning that demonstrate how much the organization can contribute in facing many threats and challenges. Important conservation results were achieved in 2012. This year, one of the main challenges is to upscale the good examples, including to influence the implementation of deforestation monitoring in other Amazon countries where deforestation is increasing such as Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia. It is highly important to ensure reliable data, deforestation control and transparency to the societies of other countries that have the right to be well-informed about how their natural resources are being used or threatened. Besides understand social, economic and political dynamics that impacts the biome, it is also crucial to influence governments to incorporate the Amazon ecosystem-based vision into developing plans and to adopt WWF science-based decision support system for a better infrastructure and land-use planning.
    [Show full text]
  • SASEC Road Improvement Project
    Social Monitoring Report Semiannual Report (July-December 2018) January 2019 NEP: SASEC Road Improvement Project Prepared by Department of Roads, Project Directorate (ADB), for Ministry of Physical Infrastructure & Transport and the Asian Development Bank. This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. pGovernment of Nepal Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport DEPARTMENT OF ROADS Project Directorate (ADB) Bishalnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF SASEC ROADS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (SRIP) (ADB Loan No.: 3478-NEP) SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT NO. 3 (SOCIAL MONITORING) SASEC Roads Improvement Project Package 1: EWH- Narayanghat Butwal Road, Section I (64.425 Km) Package 2: EWH- Narayanghat Butwal Road, Section II (48.535 Km) Package 3: Bhairahawa – Lumbini - Taulihawa Road, (41.130 Km) (July - December) 2018 Submitted by M/S Korea Engineering Consultants Ltd. Corp.- MEH Consultant (P) Ltd., Kyong Dong Engineering Co. Ltd. JV In association with MULTI – Disciplinary Consultants (P) Ltd. & Seoul, Korea. SOIL Test (P) Ltd. SEMI-ANNUAL (SOCIAL MONITORING) REPORT 3 July - December 2018 Social Monitoring Report Semi-Annual Report No. 3 (July - December 2018) NEP: Loan No. 3478 SASEC Road Improvement Project (SRIP) Prepared by: Department of Roads, Project Directorate (ADB), for Ministry of Physical Infrastructure & Transport and the Asian Development Bank.
    [Show full text]