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Planning, Governance and Economic Development in Airport Areas Examples and Lessons from Atlanta, Barcelona and Paris

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Planning, Governance and Economic Development in Airport Areas Examples and Lessons from Atlanta, Barcelona and Paris Planning, governance and economic development in airport areas Examples and lessons from Atlanta, Barcelona and Paris Planning, governance and economic development in airport areas is the final report of the project "METROAirports; Socioeconomic impact and uses of new-generation airports", led by the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, with Atlanta, Île-de-France and the Airport Regions Conference as partners. The views expressed herein are those of the authors alone, and the AMB cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained in this document. Coordination AMB, Master Plan Drafting Service AMB, Area for International Relations Authors Ignasi Ragàs, rapporteur and coordinator Sergi Alegre (Airport Regions Conference) Martin Hervouët (Institut d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme d’Île-de-France) Javier Ortigosa (Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona) Jonathan Tuley (Atlanta Regional Commission) Editing and proof-reading AMB, General Manager Bureau Will Bromberg Design and layout AMB, Communication Service © Texts: their authors © Edition: Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona (AMB) www.amb.cat Barcelona, February 2019 Table of contents List of abbreviations . 4 Executive summary . 5 1 . Introduction . 7 1 .1 . Background of METROAirports project . 7 1 .2 . What does this project add to the previous work? . 7 1 .3 . Partners in the project . 8 1 .4 . List of meetings . 9 2 . Conceptualising airport areas . 10 2 .1 . The concept of airport city . 10 2 .2 . The concept of the airport area . 12 2 .3 . The concept of airport corridor . 13 3 . Airport area case studies . 14 3 .1 . Atlanta . .. 14 3 .2 . Barcelona . 17 3 .3 . Paris . 23 3 .4 . Comparing Atlanta, Barcelona and Paris Airport Areas . 36 4 . Challenges and lessons . 39 4 .1 . Planning airport areas .. 39 4 .2 . Governance of airport areas . 41 4 .3 . Economic development and employment policies in airport areas . 44 5 . Final remarks . 46 List of abbreviations ADP Aéroports de Paris . Paris airports operator . AMB Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona (Barcelona Metropolitan Area) ARC Atlanta Regional Commission ATL Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson airport BCN Barcelona-El Prat Airport CDG Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport CID Community Improvement District IAU Institut d’Aménagement et Urbanisme . Paris Region Planning and Urban and Environmental Agency HQ headquarters MGP Métropole du Grand Paris (Paris metropolitan authority) ORY Paris Orly Airport PDU Pla director urbanístic metropolità (Barcelona’s Metropolitan Urban Master Plan) RER Paris regional rail TGV France’s high-speed rail ha hectares sqft square feet sqkm square kilometers sqm square meters sqmi square miles Planning, governance and economic development in airport areas Executive summary This METROAirports report is the continuation of the This report summarizes the results of the exchanges Sustainable Airport Areas project, which was carried out and visits from late 2017 to early 2019 among the between 2015 and 2017 under the leadership of IAU . This project partners: Atlanta Regional Commission, Àrea initiative resulted in the publication of a report entitled Metropolitana de Barcelona, Institut d’aménagement et “Sustainable Airport Areas . Guidelines for Decision Makers” . urbanisme Île-de-France and Airport Regions Conference . This project represents an attempt to further A tentative definition of the airport area includes a second conceptualise the notion of “airport area” and to ring beyond the airport city, i .e . an area strongly and broaden the perspective beyond the scope of previous directly influenced by the airport but not fully controlled research, which had focused mainly (but not exclusively) by the airport company . on airports and airport cities . The project has focused on three aspects related to airport areas, namely: (i) Born of the exchanges and discussions throughout the planning, (ii) governance, and (iii) economic development course of this project, the following recommendations and employment policies . pertaining to the three aspects studied have been drafted: Airport area planning can sometimes have conflicting interests . These dialogues can help to build a shared vision for the airport area . 1 . Integrated land planning of airport areas is recommended, so as to facilitate the coordination of infrastructure planning, 5 . These partnerships should ideally go beyond economic integrate the airport and airport cities on a broader promotion and help build consensus on hard decisions urban and territorial scale and strike a balance between with regard to planning, zoning, incentives, etc . development on the one hand and the protection of the environment and local communities on the other . 6 . The partnerships should not be limited to marketing the airport and the airport city, but should be aimed at 2 . Airport and territorial logics and priorities need to enter building an integrated vision for an extended airport area . into dialogue and avoid unilateral impositions . Airport- related developments should avoid becoming extra- Development and jobs in airport areas territorial . In particular, developments that involve a high volume of mobility of people should be clustered around 7 . Provision of public transport links between residential intermodal transport nodes . and business areas in airport areas is critical part of improving the access of people living near the airport 3 . As airport areas are becoming more appealing (and suffering from its nuisances) to job opportunities . locations for distribution centres and logistical operations, appropriate planning and connections to freight areas 8 . Schemes should be implemented to enhance the should be encouraged . visibility of employment opportunities in the airport area and bring them closer to the communities around Airport area governance the airport . Such schemes require active involvement on the part of the airport operator, businesses in the area 4 . Partnerships bringing together most airport area and employment agencies . The schemes should not be stakeholders can play a positive role in promoting restricted to on-site airport jobs, but should instead adopt constructive dialogue, especially among stakeholders who a wider perspective covering the broader airport area . 5 Planning, governance and economic development in airport areas 1 . Introduction 1.1. Background of METROAirports project METROAirports is the continuation of the project “Sustainable Airport Areas”, which was carried out from 2015 to 2017 and resulted in the publication of the SOCIAL INCLUSION FUNDING & WORKFORCE document “Sustainable Airport Areas. Guidelines for DEVELOPMENT Decision Makers” . MARKETING URBAN PLANNING The project leader was IAU, the Paris Region Urban Planning and Development Agency, in partnership with MAIN CHALLENGES the Paris Region Council (Conseil Régional d’Île-de- ECONOMIC FOR DEVELOPMENT & GOVERNANCE France) and the Hubstart Paris Region Alliance . More COMPETITIVENESS SUSTAINABLE than 50 organisations, experts and representatives of AIRPORT AREAS airport areas from around the world participated in the three workshops held as part of the initiative . Prominent VISION AND MOBILITY participants included the Airport Regions Conference, the STRATEGY Atlanta Regional Commission, GIP Emploi Roissy CDG, THE AIRPORT AREA WITHIN THE ENVIROMENT Paris Region Entreprises, Orly International, Aéroports de METROPOLITAN Paris, Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona, Vantaa Aviapolis REGION and Beijing Aerotropolis . This project highlighted a number of experiences and Figure 1 . Identified areas for policy making and planning in airport areas best practices covering most areas of policy making and Source: IAU ÎdF, “Sustainable Airport Areas. Guidelines for Decision planning in airport areas, as illustrated in the figure below . Makers”. 2017 1.2. What does this project add to the previous work? The aim of METROAirports was to build on prior a substantial portion of the land is controlled by an experience and further elaborate on four main topics: airport company that acts as an “extraterritorial” entity . Planning authorities need to strike a balance in airport a. Conceptualisation of airport areas . The previous areas between development on the one hand and the project provides various definitions of “airport areas”, protection of the environment and local communities on although the definitions acknowledge that perimeters the other . This is especially the case now as these zones vary according to the approach . Additionally, other are becoming hot spots for urban development, while concepts such as airport city, airport corridor and airport local communities often see the airport as a nuisance area are sketched, although their contours are often more than as an opportunity . blurred . This project aims to provide further clarity on these concepts, as the question “What is an airport c. Governance of airport areas . The previous project area?” has implications for the planning, governance and pointed to several examples of good practices involving economic policy fields . various stakeholders in airport areas, with a range of partners collaborating in the fields of raising awareness, b. Airport area planning . Planning airport areas is economic development, international promotion, typically a challenge for land planning authorities, since employment and environmental protection . However, in 7 MetroAirports this report we intend to go further and develop a map depressed areas and hence authorities are keen to of the stakeholders typically
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