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The Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of Agricultural Land Prices
The Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of Agricultural Land Prices M. Ritter; X. Yang; M. Odening Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics, Germany Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract: In the last decade, many parts of the world experienced severe increases in agricultural land prices. This price surge, however, did not take place evenly in space and time. To better understand the spatial and temporal behavior of land prices, we employ a price diffusion model that combines features of market integration models and spatial econometric models. An application of this model to farmland prices in Germany shows that prices on a county-level are cointegrated. Apart from convergence towards a long- run equilibrium, we find that price transmission also proceeds through short-term adjustments caused by neighboring regions. Acknowledegment: Financial support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC NO.201406990006) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through Research Unit 2569 “Agricultural Land Markets – Efficiency and Regulation” is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank Oberer Gutachterausschuss für Grundstückswerte in Niedersachsen (P. Ache) for providing the data used in the analysis. JEL Codes: Q11, C23 #117 The Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of Agricultural Land Prices Abstract In the last decade, many parts of the world experienced severe increases in agricultural land prices. This price surge, however, did not take place evenly in space and time. To better understand the spatial and temporal behavior of land prices, we employ a price diffusion model that combines features of market integration models and spatial econometric models. An application of this model to farmland prices in Germany shows that prices on a county-level are cointegrated. -
GUE/NGL) to the Commission
14.11.2002 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 277 E/145 (2002/C 277 E/164) WRITTEN QUESTION E-1079/02 by Erik Meijer (GUE/NGL) to the Commission (18 April 2002) Subject: Cross-border railway between Groningen and Bremen; continuing failure to resume the service because of conflicting interests 1. Can the Commission confirm that the fact that the train service between Nieuweschans in the Netherlands and Leer in Germany following replacement of the track and despite the announcements made in the German Railways ‘Kursbuch’ (line 397 or H5) and in the Dutch Railways Spoerboekje (line 520 or 12int) has still not been resumed because of an endless series of disputes about invitations to tender? First of all it was evident that the Deutsche Bahn (DB) no longer had any interest, subsequently the Land of Lower Saxony excluded the Dutch company NoordNed which operates an hourly service between Groningen and Nieuweschans and could easily have continued on to Leer, from participating. After that the price quoted by Nordwestbahn, the regional operator in Lower Saxony for seven trains a day between Groningen and Leer was considered too high. Finally, the DB were nonetheless forced to resume the service in some way because of the existing concession. 2. Can the Commission also confirm that the end result of the situation described in paragraph 1 above has not been achieved, firstly because DB wanted to subcontract the service to NoordNed but subsequently the two companies failed to agree on the financial terms, with the result that on 1 March 2002 the West Lower Saxony DB Regiobahn regional railway was to operate a short shuttle service between Leer in Germany and the Dutch border town of Nieuweschans which is to be used as the connecting station? 3. -
4.4-2 Lower Saxony WS Region.Pdf
chapter4.4_Neu.qxd 08.10.2001 16:11 Uhr Seite 195 Chapter 4.4 The Lower Saxony Wadden Sea Region 195 near Sengwarden have remained fully intact. The With the exception of the northern section’s water tower on „Landeswarfen“ west of tourist visitors, the Voslapper Groden mainly Hohenkirchen is a landmark visible from a great serves as a sea rampart for Wilhelmshaven’s distance, constructed by Fritz Höger in 1936 to commercial buildings, a function also served by serve as Wangerooge’s water supply. the Rüstersieler Groden (1960-63) and the Hep- Of the above-mentioned scattered settlements penser Groden, first laid out as a dyke line from characteristic to this region, two set themselves 1936-38, although construction only started in physically apart and therefore represent limited 1955. It remains to be seen whether the histori- forms within this landscape. cally preserved parishes of Sengwarden and Fed- Some sections of the old dyke ring whose land derwarden, now already part of Wilhelmshaven, was considered dispensable from a farming or will come to terms with the consequences of this land ownership perspective served as building and the inexorable urban growth through appro- space for erecting small homes of farm labourers priate planning. and artisans who otherwise made their homes in The cultural landscape of the Wangerland and small numbers on larger mounds. Among these the Jeverland has been able to preserve its were the „small houses“ referred to in oral tradi- unmistakable character to a considerable degree. tion north of Middoge, the Oesterdeich (an early The genesis of landscape forms is mirrored in the groden dyke), the Medernser Altendeich, the patterns of settlement, the lay of arable land and Norderaltendeich and foremost the area west of in landmark monuments. -
Beteiligungsbericht Des Landkreises Heidekreis Für Das Haushaltsjahr 2018
Beteiligungsbericht des Landkreises Heidekreis für das Haushaltsjahr 2018 - 1 - Beteiligungsbericht des Landkreises Heidekreis für das Haushaltsjahr 2018 Die wirtschaftliche Betätigung des Landkreises ist durch die Regelungen der §§ 136 ff. des Niedersächsischen Kommunalverfassungsgesetzes (NKomVG) eingeschränkt. Er darf danach wirtschaftliche Unternehmen nur errichten, übernehmen oder wesentlich erweitern, wenn und soweit der öffentliche Zweck das Unternehmen rechtfertigt, die Unternehmen nach Art und Umfang in einem angemessenen Verhältnis zu der Leistungsfähigkeit des Landkreises und zum voraussichtlichen Bedarf stehen, bei einem Tätigwerden außerhalb der Energieversorgung, der Wasserversorgung, des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs sowie des Betriebes von Telekommunikationsleitungsnetzen einschließlich der Telefondienstleistungen der öffentliche Zweck nicht ebenso gut und wirtschaftlich durch einen privaten Dritten erfüllt wird oder erfüllt werden kann. Die Erfüllung dieser Voraussetzungen sind jeweils vor Gesellschaftsgründung bzw. Übernahme einer Beteiligung geprüft und der Kommunalaufsichtsbehörde angezeigt worden. Nach § 151 NKomVG hat der Landkreis einen Bericht über seine Unternehmen und Einrichtungen in der Rechtsform des privaten Rechts und die Beteiligung daran sowie über ihre kommunalen Anstalten zu erstellen und jährlich fortzuschreiben. Für alle Unternehmen liegen die Voraussetzungen des § 136 Abs. 1 NKomVG vor. Der für das jeweilige Unternehmen bei der Gründung vorliegende öffentliche Zweck besteht bei allen Unternehmen -
Population by Area/Community Churches
Ostfriesen Genealogical Society of America OGSA PO Box 50919 Mendota, MN 55150 651-269-3580 www.ogsa.us 1875 Ostfriesland Census Detail The 1875 census provided insights into the communities and neighborhoods across Ostfriesland. The following table is sorted by Amt (Church district) and Kirchspiel (Church community) or location if the enumerated area does not have its own Church. Region Religion Town/Area Denomination Amt Kirchspiel / Location Lutheran Reformed Catholic Other Jewish Total Christian Aurich Lutheran, Aurich Aurich 3,569 498 282 106 364 4,819 Reformed, Catholic Plaggenburg Lutheran Aurich Aurich 529 40 4 573 Dietrichsfeld Aurich Aurich 201 6 207 Egels Aurich Aurich 235 1 7 243 Ertum Aurich Aurich 337 8 345 Georgßfeld Aurich Aurich 88 4 2 94 Hartum Aurich Aurich 248 18 9 275 Ihlow Aurich Weene 6 6 Kirchdorf Aurich Aurich 527 15 1 3 546 Meerhusen Aurich Aurich 9 9 Pfalsdorf Aurich Aurich 119 41 160 Popens Aurich Aurich 127 4 131 Rahe Aurich Aurich 268 25 3 296 Sandhorst Aurich Aurich 643 48 8 7 706 Tannenhausen Aurich Aurich 337 16 353 © 2018: Ostfriesen Genealogical Society of America 1 1875 Ostfriesland Census Detail Region Religion Town/Area Denomination Amt Kirchspiel / Location Lutheran Reformed Catholic Other Jewish Total Christian Walle Aurich Aurich 779 33 812 Wallinghausen Aurich Aurich 408 17 425 Ostgroßefehn Lutheran Aurich Aurich, Oldendorf 1,968 33 1 28 7 2,037 Aurich-Oldendorf Lutheran Aurich Aurich-Oldendorf 754 4 1 4 1 764 Spetzerfehn Lutheran Aurich Aurich-Oldendorf, 988 1 989 Bagband, Strackholt Bagband -
Regionales Raumordnungsprogramm 2006 - Teil II –
Landkreis Leer Regionales Raumordnungsprogramm 2006 Regionales Raumordnungsprogramm – Vorwort Landkreis Leer Vorwort Das Regionale Raumordnungsprogramm (RROP) soll "den Raum Landkreis Leer ordnen" und legt neben dem Landesraumordnungsprogramm Ziele und Grundsätze fest. Die unter- schiedlichen Nutzungsansprüche an die Fläche sollen so möglichst aufeinander abgestimmt werden. Das Niedersächsische Raumordnungsgesetz schreibt dazu vor, dass die Planungen die nachhaltige Entwicklung des Landes und seiner Teile unter Beachtung der naturräumlichen und sonstigen Gegebenheiten in einer Weise fördern sollen, die der Gesamtheit und dem Einzelnen am besten dient. Dabei müssen die „Anforderungen zur Sicherung, des Schutzes, der Pflege und der Entwicklung der natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen sowie der sozialen, kultu- rellen und wirtschaftlichen Erfordernisse“ berücksichtigt werden. Damit das Raumordnungsprogramm für den Landkreis Leer dieses Ziel erreichen konnte, waren umfangreiche Vorarbeiten sowie ungezählte Abstimmungsgespräche und Beratungen, vor allem mit den Städten und Gemeinden sowie mit der Landwirtschaft, notwendig. Kreis- verwaltung und Kreistag war es während des gesamten Entstehungsprozesses des RROP ein besonderes Anliegen, mit den besonders Betroffenen schon im Vorfeld eine möglichst breite Übereinstimmung zu erzielen. Dass dies gelungen ist, machen der breite politische Konsens im Kreistag und die von Anfang an zu erkennende große Akzeptanz für das RROP deutlich. Es ist eine gute Basis, um gemeinsam die Entwicklung des Landkreises Leer vo- ranzubringen. Um die heutigen strukturpolitischen Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, sind vielfältige Pla- nungen auf ganz unterschiedlichen Ebenen durchzuführen. Dabei gestalten sich Abwä- gungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse angesichts ständig zunehmender verfahrensrechtlicher Anforderungen immer komplexer. Entscheidende Voraussetzung für die Nachhaltigkeit ein- zelner Handlungsmaßnahmen und damit für die weitere positive Entwicklung des Landkrei- ses ist es, diese auf ein gemeinsames gesamträumliches Leitbild auszurichten. -
OECD Territorial Grids
BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES DES POLITIQUES MEILLEURES POUR UNE VIE MEILLEURE OECD Territorial grids August 2021 OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities Contact: [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Territorial level classification ...................................................................................................................... 3 Map sources ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Map symbols ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Disclaimers .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Australia / Australie ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Austria / Autriche ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Belgium / Belgique ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Canada ...................................................................................................................................................... -
Konversion Und Regionalentwicklung in Den Landkreisen Celle Und Heidekreis
KonRek in den Landkreisen Celle und Heidekreis KonRek – Konversion und Regionalentwicklung in den Landkreisen Celle und Heidekreis - Dokumentation - Regionalforum für den Heidekreis am 29.04.2013, 18.00 – 21.00 Uhr im Kursaal der Stadt Bad Fallingbostel Inhalt 1 Begrüßung .......................................................................................................... 2 2 Ablauf und Zielsetzung der Veranstaltung ...................................................... 2 3 Einführung und erste Ergebnisse..................................................................... 2 4 Arbeitsphase I: Auswirkungen, Chancen und Risiken ................................... 3 5 Arbeitsphase II: Handlungsbedarf .................................................................. 14 6 Ausblick und weiteres Vorgehen .................................................................... 19 Anhang .................................................................................................................... 19 Präsentation der Veranstaltung ............................................................................ 19 Fotodokumentation der Stellwände ...................................................................... 24 Teilnehmerliste ....................................................................................................... 31 Moderation und Protokoll Büro KoRiS (Hannover): Natalie Schmidt, Karolin Thieleking, Caroline Welpinghus und Nils Hor- schick Büro FIRU (Berlin): Heiko Schultz Die Moderatoren begleiten die Stationen im thematischen -
Leer's Synagogue
OSTFRIESEN GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AMERICAN-OSTFRIESEN journal Eala Freya Fresena! Lever Dod Als Slav!* April, May, June 2020 Volume 23 issue 2 Leer’s Synagogue AMERICAN–Ostfriesen journal OGSA MEMBERSHIP Ostfriesen Genealogical Society of America MEMBER PRIVILEGES include four issues of the American- Eala Freya Fresena! Lever Dod Als Slav! Ostfriesen Journal (January, April, July, October), four program Volume 23Issue 2 April-June, 2020 meetings each year and one special event, special member order discounts, and access to the OGSA library. The journal of the Ostfriesen Genealogical Society of America is pub- OGSA 2020 MEMBERSHIP—Send your check for $22 (to lished four times a year. Please write: Lin Strong, Editor, OGSA download from our website or have sent as a pdf attachment to Newsletter, 15695-368th Street, Almelund, MN 55012 or email - OGSA, P.O. Box [email protected] with comments or suggestions. an email) or $32 for paper copies payable to 50919, Mendota Heights, MN 55150. Note that if you purchase a We are happy to consider any contributions of genealogical informa- paper copy, you can also have the codes for the online color tion. Whether we can use your material is based on such factors as copy! Just ask! general interest to our members, our need to cover certain subjects, Foreign membership is $22 if downloaded or sent by pdf file. balance through the year and available space. The editor reserves the right to edit all submitted materials for presentation and grammar. The You can deposit your membership at Sparkasse in Emden, Ger- editor will correct errors and may need to determine length of copy. -
NSA/OF/Ports (Aug.).Pages
Niedersachsen/Bremen/Hamburg/Ostfriesland Resources Introduction to Lower Saxony, Bremen & Hamburg Wikipedia states in regard to the regions of this modern German Bundesland: “Lower Saxony has clear regional divisions that manifest themselves both geographically as well as historically and culturally. In the regions that used to be independent, especially the heartlands of the former states of Brunswick, Hanover, Oldenburg and Schaumburg- Lippe, there is a marked local regional awareness. By contrast, the areas surrounding the Hanseatic cities of Bremen and Hamburg are much more oriented towards those centres.” A number of the Map Guides to German Parish Registers will need to be used to find your town if you are studying this region, among them numbers 4 (Oldenburg), 10 (Hessen-Nassau), 27 (Brunswick), 30-32 (Hannover), 39 (Westphalia & Schaumburg- Lippe) Online (a sampling) Niedersächsische Landesarchiv — http://aidaonline.niedersachsen.de Oldenburg emigrants — http://www.auswanderer-oldenburg.de Ahnenforschung.org “Regional Research” — http://forum.genealogy.net Hamburg Gen. Soc. — http://www.genealogy.net/vereine/GGHH/ Osnabrück Genealogical Society (German) — http://www.osfa.de Bremen’s “Mouse” Gen. Soc. (German) — http://www.die-maus-bremen.de/index.php Mailing Lists (for all German regions, plus German-speaking areas in Europe) -- http://list.genealogy.net/mm/listinfo/ Periodicals IGS/German-American Genealogy: “Niedersachsen Research,” by Eliz. Sharp (1990) “Niedersächsische Auswanderer in den U.S.A.” (Spr’98) “Researching Church -
The Friedland Refugee Transit Camp As Regulating Humanitarianism, 1945-1960
“GATEWAY TO FREEDOM”: THE FRIEDLAND REFUGEE TRANSIT CAMP AS REGULATING HUMANITARIANISM, 1945-1960 DEREK JOHN HOLMGREN A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Konrad H. Jarausch Christopher R. Browning Chad Bryant Tobias Hof Donald J. Raleigh © 2015 Derek John Holmgren ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Derek John Holmgren: “Gateway to Freedom”: The Friedland Refugee Transit Camp as Regulating Humanitarianism, 1945-1960 (Under the direction of Konrad H. Jarausch) Using the refugee transit camp located in Friedland, Lower Saxony as a case study, this dissertation examines the efforts in West Germany to aid and resettle millions of persons displaced during and after World War II. These uprooted populations included foreign victims of the Nazi regime (forced laborers, prisoners of war, and concentration camp survivors), Germans evacuated from bombed-out cities, Germans fleeing or expelled from from Eastern Europe, and German soldiers who were demobilized and released from prisoner of war camps. Established by order of the British military government in September 1945, the camp at Friedland functioned as the lynchpin for a system designed to collect, aid, register, and resettle displaced populations as quickly as possible. As such, this study describes the operation of the camp as a regulating form of humanitarianism that not only aided refugees with food, shelter, and medical services, but also turned unmanageable masses into settled individuals with claims on the postwar welfare state. Between 1945 and 1960, the camp processed over 2.1 million individuals. -
Germans Settling North America : Going Dutch – Gone American
Gellinek Going Dutch – Gone American Christian Gellinek Going Dutch – Gone American Germans Settling North America Aschendorff Münster Printed with the kind support of Carl-Toepfer-Stiftung, Hamburg, Germany © 2003 Aschendorff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Münster Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Überset- zung, des Nachdrucks, der Entnahme von Abbildungen, der Funksendung, der Wiedergabe auf foto- mechanischem oder ähnlichem Wege und der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. Die Vergütungsansprüche des § 54, Abs. 2, UrhG, werden durch die Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort wahrgenommen. Druck: Druckhaus Aschendorff, Münster, 2003 Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier ∞ ISBN 3-402-05182-6 This Book is dedicated to my teacher of Comparative Anthropology at Yale Law School from 1961 to 1963 F. S. C. Northrop (1893–1992) Sterling Professor of Philosophy and Law, author of the benchmark for comparative philosophy, Philosophical Anthropology and Practical Politics This Book has two mottoes which bifurcate as the topic =s divining rod The first motto is by GERTRUDE STEIN [1874–1946], a Pennsylvania-born woman of letters, raised in California, and expatriate resident of Europe after 1903: AIn the United States there is more space where nobody is than where anybody is. That is what makes America what it is.@1 The second motto has to do with the German immigration. It is borrowed from a book by THEODOR FONTANE [1819–1898], a Brandenburg-born writer, and a critic of Prussia. An old German woman, whose grandchildren have emigrated to Anmerica is speaking in her dialect of Low German: [ADröwen in Amirika.