The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society Edited by Thomas Philipp and Ulrich Haarmann Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59115-7 - The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society Edited by Thomas Philipp and Ulrich Haarmann Index More information

Index

Abaza, Abazan, Abkhaz, Abkhazia(n), 104, ahlal-rusum, Fatimid officials, 261 114,115,139 Ahmad Agha, d, 1774/5, 284 Abbasid(s), 14, 191, 225, 255, 258, 260 see Ahmad Agha see Giovannai Gaeti also caliphate Ahmad b. Almalik al-Jiikandar, amir, later cAbd al-Rahman, grandson of Baktamur al- Sufi, d. 1391,39,79 Hajib, 38' Ahmad b. al-AtabakT TanT Bak, amir, d. cAbd al-Rahman Katkhuda (Bey) al- 1472/3, 70 Qazdughil b. Hasan JawTsh, d. 1776, 120, Ahmad b. Baktamur al-SaqT, amir of one 125,126,142,233 hundred, d. 1332,66 'Abdallah Bey, retainer ofc AIT Bey Bulut Ahmad b. Balaban al-BaclabakkT, d. 1363, 81 Kapan, 119 Ahmad b. Baydamur, d, 1391, 68 cAbdallah al-Jarf, kdshifof Manufiyya, d. Ahmad Bey MTr Liwa, 1720s, 198 1799, 138 Ahmad Efendi AshkinazT, later Ahmad Bey c AbidTn Bey, brother of Hasan Bey; Albanian, al-Muslimam, d. 1724, 137 early 1800s, 148,233 Ahmad al-HalabT, Shihab al-din (al-QadT al- AbidTn quarter (in Cairo), 217, 218, 233 Ra'Ts), wakil al-khass, early 1300s, 242 Abkhazia see Abaza Ahmad b. Inal (al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad, r, Abu Bakr, Sayf al-dm (al-Mansur Abu Bakr, 1460-1), 73 r. 1341), 23 Ahmad Katkhuda, d. 1787, 120 Abu Bakr b. 'Abdallah b. Aybak al-Dawadan Ahmad b. Muhammad see Ibn al-cAttar see Ibn al-Dawadan Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Qalawun (al-Nasir Abu Bakr b. al-Nasir Muhammad see al- Ahmad, r. 1342), 6, 24, 25 Mansur Abu Bakr Ahmad b. Nawruz, amir, d. 1448, 69 Abu 31-Fidas see 'Irnad al-Din Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar, d. 1804, 118, 119, Abu Hamid al-QudsT/al-MaqdisT, historian, 122, 129, 140 d. 1483,69,71, 176, 179,228 Ahmad Pasha al-Kha'in, d. 1524, 93, 94, 95, Abu Sl-Khayr al-Nahhas, wakil bayt al-mdl, 102 1450, 28 Ahmad b. al-Rammal see Ibn al-Rammal Abu '1-Munajja dam (on the Nile), 281, 282 al-AhmadT, Shihab, family of, 287, 288 Abu Shama, historian, d. 1268, 167 cAJisha Kadin, wife ofcAIT Bey al-KabTr, 284 Abu ShanabT faction, eighteenth century, 122 al-cAjlunT, Khattab b. cUmar, Syrian scholar, Acre (cAkka), 7, 118 fifteenth century, 179 adab (belles-lettres), 84 ajldbjulbdn (sultan's Mamluk household), al-cAdil (Mamluk sultan) see Kitbugha; 17,29,42,46 Salamish ajndd al-halqa (halqa troopers), 26, 64 al-Afram, viceroy of Safad, early 1300s, 37 Ak §ehir; 14 Afrasiyab, founder of the Afrasiyab dynasty AkhmTm, 136 inlraq,d.c. 1624/5, 113, 114, 115 Al cUthman see Ottomans Africa, 133 see also North Africa cAla3 al-dm AydakTn, mutawalli of Cairo, agha, 94, 97, 137, 142, 145 1330s, 249 Agostini, Italian resident in Alexandria, c Alam al-dm IbrahTm, son of Taj ad-dm 1780s, 132 Ishaq, 247

290

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-59115-7 - The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society Edited by Thomas Philipp and Ulrich Haarmann Index More information

Index 291

cAlam al-din Sanjar al-Jawuli, d. 1344, 243, Altunbugha al-Salihi, naib of Damascus, d, 244, 252 i341,24 'Alam al-din Sanjar al-Mansun, amir, d. Altunbugha al-YalbughawT, rds nawba, d. 1294, 38 i 389?, 26 Albania, Albanian(s), 132, 133, 142, 148, 149 alzdm (sg. lazim), 35, 36 alchemy (kimiyd3), 170, 201 American(s), 136 Aleppo, Halab, 12, 37, 40, 87, 90, 154, 157, amin, pi. umana (tax collector), 101, 108 249 Amln 'Ala5 al-din Qarmut al-Mustawfi, Alexander the great, 171 1330s, 249 Alexandria, 40, 57, 68, 100, 103 , 132, 137, Amln al-Mulk, vizier of al-Nasir 157,246,248 Muhammad, 241 AlfT Bey see Muhammad Bey al-Alf! Aminat Allah Khatun, eighteenth century, 'AH, grandson of Baktamur al-Hajib, 38 284 CA1T (II), 'Ala' al-din (al-Mansiir CA1III, r. amir dkhur, constable, 45, 47, 51 1377-81), 244 amir of fifty, 44 CA1T b.cAbdallah, mawld of Bashlr Agha, d. amir of forty see amir tablkhdna 1762,203 amir (pi. umard3) al-hdjj, imrat al-hdjj, 14, 15, cAHb. AblTalib (caliph), d. 661, 112, 180 16, 41, 45, 49, 89, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, CA1T Agha ('al-Turf), bash ikhtiydr of the 104, 105, 109, 119, 122, 124,140 Mutafarriqai d. 1724/5,287 amirjdnddr, 29, 45 CA1T (I) b. Aybak (al-Mansur CA1T I, r. 1257/9) amir kabir, 39, 42 - 10, 26 amir al-mahmal, 41, 44, 46 ' AH al-Bakka, shaykh, 1250s, 4, 5 amir majlis, 26, 29, 41, 42, 43, 45 'AH Bey Abu ?l-'Adab al-Armani, d. 1726, amir mi3a see muqaddam alf 137 amir al-muminin, caliph, 14 'AH Bey Agha, appointed pasha of Egypt, amir al-nawriiz, mock prince, 278 1756,119 amir al-rakh (al-awwal, al-misri, al-shdmi), 44, CA1T Bey al-'Ajaml al-Mu'ayyadi, ra's nawba 52, 70 under Khushqadam, 1460s, 30 amir shikar, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49 CA1T Bey Bulut Kapan al-Kablr, d. 1773, 87, amir silah, 26, 27, 43, 49 95, 114, 115, 116, 119, 125, 126, 129, 130, amir tabar, 51 131, 133, 134, 136, 138, 139, 143,148, 283, amir tablkhdna, amir of forty, 37, 41, 44, 45, 284,285, 286 46,'47,48,51,66,77,249 CA1T Bey al-Daftardar, d. 1798/9, 132 amir often, 49, 50, 51 CA1T Bey al-GhazzawT (al-Qird, al-Kablr), d. amir of twenty, 48, 49 1760, 115, 125, 126,284 Amiriyya dam, 278 CA1T Bey al-Habashl, d. 1778, 137, 138 'Amr b. al-'As, conqueror of Egypt, d, c. 663, 'AH Bey al-Hindl, d. 1726, 121, 122 156,159,156,266 CA1T Bey al-Qatamish, d. 1736, 123 cAmr b. al-'As mosque (Old Cairo), 156, 159, 'All Efendi, scribe in the military bureaucracy 231,277 of seventeenth-century Egypt, 99 Anas b. Kitbugha ,,al-Mujahid", d. 1323, 78, cAHb. Maymun al-ldrlsl, Sufi, d. 1511, 167 181 CA1T b. Muhammad al-Lakhmi al-IshbiH see Anatolia (also Asia Minor, 'Turkey'), al-Ishbni Anatolian(s) 36, 93, 94, 99, 102, 108, 110, cAli Pasha (Semiz, 'The Fat', Wall, r. 141,147,149,176,177,228 1549-54), 103 'Anbar al-Sakharti, muqaddam al-mamdlik 'All b. Yusuf b. al-Awhad, d. 1356, 38 under al-Nasir Muhammad until 1331, 21 Aim Aq palace, 213 Andalusia, Andalusian(s), 13, 157, 255 Almoravids, 255 Antes, John, missionary, 1780s, 136 Altamare, Colonel, c. 1810, 144 Anuk, son of al-Nasir Muhammad, d. 1339, Alti Parmak Efendi, Shaykh, early 1600s, 95 240, 244 Altunbugha al-Jawuli, amir and poet, d. Anushirvan (Khosraw), Sassanian king (r. J343, 170 531-79), 171, 194 Altunbugha al-Marida/inT, d. 1343, 20, 213, 'Aqaba, 68 248 AqbardI, amir, 1490s, 13 Altunbugha al-Nizami, muqaddam alf, 1370s, Aqbugha 'Abd al-Wahid al-Nasiri, amir, d. 27, 267 1343,20,21 Altunbugha palace, 213 al-Aqsa mosque, 231

292 Index

al-Aqsara'I, Muhammad b. Tsa. b. Isma'Tl al- Aydughmish, cAla3 al-din, amir dkhur, d. Hanafi, fourteenth century, 177 1342, 24, 239 Aqtamur, cAbd al-Ghanl, amir, d. 1381, 28 cAyn Jalut (Palestine), battle of, 1260, 4, 5 Aqiish al-Afram, nd'ib of Damascus, d. 1320, Aynabak al-Badn, amir, d. 1376 or 1378, 27 38 al-cAyni, Badr al-din Mahmud, chronicler Aqush al-Ashrafi, Jamal al-din, amir, d. 1335, and muhtasib, d. 1451, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 35, 244 235, 236, 240, 245, 246, 250, 252, 253 Arab(s), 9, 11, 13, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 'Ayntab, 8 102, 103, 104, 105, 113, 117, 175, 186, 224, Aytamish al-Muhammadl, amir, d. 1337, 37 225, 248, 255, 257 see also bedouins Ayyiib, al-Salih, Ayyubid sultan, r. 1245-8, 4, Arab bow, 184, 185 7, 9, 10, 176* Arabia, 143, 146, 245 Ayyub, son of Murad Bey, 283 Arabic (language, names, sources), 59, 61, 62, Ayyub Bey al-Faqarl, d. 1712/3, 121, 123 67, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 88, 89, 96, 97, Ayyubid(s), xi, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 38, 59, 63, 176, 193, 112, 119, 129, 141, 144, 163, 164, 174, 210,216,257 176, 178, 181, 185, 188, 193, 199, 200, 201, cAzab barracks, 120 202, 256, 259, 269, 170 'Azaban regiment, 115, 121, 122 Ard al-Tabbala, 38 Azbak (Uzbak) min Tutukh, atdbak al- Armenian(s), 15, 136, 137, 141, 144 'asakir to Qaytbay,' 1460s, 29, 36, 216, 220, Arnold von Harff, traveller in 1496, 55, 56, 228, 229 57, 58, 59, 62, 84 Azbak palace, 216, 220 Aruqtay al-Jamdar, amir, d. 1349, 37 Azbakiyya quarter and lake (Cairo), 216, 218, Asandamur al-Nasin, amir, d. 1368, 26 220, 229, 231, 233 Asandamur al-Sarghitmishl, muqaddam alf, Azerbayjan, 178 1370s, 27 " al-Azhar, 105, 158, 197, 199, 204, 209, 211, AshkinazI ^ Ahmad Efendi AshkinazI 212, 214, 215, 219, 221, 231, 287 Ashmun, 248 al-cAzIz, Fatimid caliph, r. 975-96, 260, 261 Ashmunayn province, 248 al-cAziz Yusuf see Yusuf, Jamal al-din al-Ashraf (sultan) see Barsbay; Khalfl b. Azlam (on the pilgrims' route), 103 Qalawun; Qansuh al-Ghawrl; Qaytbay; Sha'ban Baalbak, Ba'albakk, 38, 40 AshrafT household, 112 Bab al-Luq (Cairo), 209, 218, 219, 221, 273 al-cAskar (Abbasid urban foundation north Bab al-Nasr cemetary (Cairo), 147, 212, 214, off al-Fustat), 224, 225 215, 219*, 221 astronomy (falak), 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, Bab Zuwayla (Cairo), 38, 209, 218, 222 158, 159, 161, 162, 200, 201 Baghdad, 257 Aswan, Uswan, 40, 246 Badr al-din Muhammad b. Bahadur al- atdbak, atdbak al-casdkir, office of Zarkashi, d. 1391, 79 atdbakiyya, 4, 26, 27, 29, 45, 46, 216, 228 Baha3 al-din district (Cairo), 39 Austria, Austrian(s), 66, 138, 143, 145, 147, Baha3 al-din Qaraqush al-Zahiri al-Barldi, 149 see also Habsburg 1290s, 226, 243 al-Awhad Shadi b. Dawud b. Shirkuh, Bahadur As, Sayf al-din, amir, d. 1321, 66 Ayyubid of Damascus, d. 1305/6, 38 Bahadur Samir al-MansiirT, amir in awldd [al-]carab, native Egyptians, c. 1600, Damascus, d. 1304, 18, 37 97, 99 Bahnasa province, 249 awldd al-kafara, 58 Bahrl sultanate see Turkish Mamluk awldd al-muluk, 250 see also sidi sultanate awldd al-nds, xi, xiii, 3, 9, 32, 33, 34, 39, 40, Bahriyya, BahrT Mamluks, 63, 208 see also 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, Turkish Mamluk sultanate 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 97, BakhshI, Sayf al-din, treasurer of Baktamur 286 al-Hajib, fourteenth century, 35 Aybak, Tzz al-din (al-Turkumanl), amir, later al-Bakrl, Muhammad b. Abl 31-Surur, al-Mucizz Aybak, r. 1250-7, 4, 23, 38 historian, d. 1619, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, Aybak al-Mawsill, amir of Qalawun, d. 1277, 193, 194, 195, 200, 208 18 al-Bakrl, Shaykh (Sayyid Muhammad Efendi Aydamur al-ShamsT, amir, d. 1381, 27 al-Bakrl, d. 1793), 126 Aydin b. cAbdallah al-Rumi, kdshif of al- Baktamur al-Hajib, d. 1337, 35, 36, 38, 238, Gharbiyya, amir al-hdjj 1540s, 103 239, 244

Index 293

Baktamur palace, 213 Bayezid, Bayazld (I), Ottoman Sultan, r. Baktamur al-Saql, d. 1332, 21, 22, 35, 36 1389-1402, 191 Baktashls, 232 Bayn al-Qasrayn street (Cairo), 271 Baktut al-Rammah, d. 1311, 177, 183 Bayram al-cIzzT, dawadar, d. in the 1370s, 26 Balaban al-Ruml al-Dawadar, amir, d. 1281, Baysarl al-ShamsT, amir, d. 1298, 35 18 baytal-mal,2%, 136,143 Balat al-Saghir, muqaddam alf, 1370s, 27 bedouin(s), 93, 94, 104, 108, 119, 129, 175, Baldwin, George, 1770-90s, 130, 137 184 Balfiyya, BalfTya household, 120 Beirut, 66 Balkans, xii, 133, 140, 141, 142, 147, 148, 149 Belgrade, battle of, 141, 145 Banu cAmir, 15 bey, beylicate, 87, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, banu 1-atrdk ('sons of Turks'), 61, 95 103, 104, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 128, 132, al-Baqli, Shaykh cUmar, eighteenth century, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 287 147, 148, 149, 197,207 Baraka, Berke: Baraka Khan b. Baybars, bidca, pi. bidac (innovations), 176, 255, 256, Nasir al-din (al-Sacid Baraka Khan, r. 262, 266, 268 1277-9), 5, 7, 27, 39 al-BIjunl, Ahmad, fifteenth century, 178 Baraka al-Jubanl al-Yalbughawi, d. 1380, 27, Birkat al-Azbakiyya (Cairo), 219, 220, 221, 36, 272 222 see also Azbakiyya Barakat b. Musa, al-Zaym, muhtasib of Cairo, Birkat al-FH (Cairo), 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, c. 1510, 102 215,216,218,221,222,227 Bardlsl Bey see cUthman BardTsi Bey al-Birkawi see Ibrahim Katkhuda al-BirkawT Barquq, Sayf al-din (al-Zahir Barqiiq, r. al-BIrurii, Abu '1-Rayhan, scholar, d. a 1050, 1382-9, 1390-9), 8, 10, 15, 27, 28, 39, 66, 160 68,73,113,114,272,279 Black Death see plague barracks {odd) (in Ottoman times), 109, 110, blacks, 133, 137, 138, 143, 145, 147, 148, 239 120 Bonaparte, Napoleon, xii, 130, 135, 146, 147, barracks, royal (al-tibdq) (during the 160,222 sultanate), 21 Bosnia, Bosnian(s), 104, 119, 122 Barsbay, adjutant of Kha'ir Bey, amir al-hdjj British see English in 1519, 102 Browne, William G., 132 Barsbay, Sayf al-din (al-Ashraf Barsbay, r. Bugha, Sayf al-din, Mamluk of Mankutamur 1422-38), 69, 174 al-HusamI,d. 1324,35 Barshans (Manufiyya province), 74 Buhayra province (Nile delta), 29, 102, 103, Barthelemy see Niqula Re'Ts 124 Barthelemy Serra, aka Barth al-Rumman, al-Bukharl, Muhammad b. IsmacH, aka Pomegranate, early 1800s, 144 traditionist, d. 879, 202 al-Barudl, Muhammad, merchant: and Bulaq,227,231,269,275 daughter Shuwaykar, d. 1791, 284, 288 al-Bulqml, Shaykh cUmar, qddi al-quddt, d. Bashlr, agha ddr al-sa'ada, after 1805, 203 1403, 272, 274 Bashtak al-NasirT, Sayf al-din, amir, d. 1341, bunduq, crossbow, 182 20,21,36,248 bunud, lance exercises, 183 Bashtak palace (Cairo), 210 Burckhardt, aka Shaykh Ibrahim, d. 1835, basodabsi, odabasi, 109 146, 147 Basra, 113, 116 'Burjf Mamluks see Circassian Mamluk Batn al-Baqara pond (Fatimid Cairo), 229 sultanate banal, retired Mamluk, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48 Burjiyya regiment, 36 Baybars al-Ahmadi, amir, d. 1345, 39 Byzantine Empire, Byzantine(s), relations Baybars (I) al-Bunduqdan. Rukn al-din (al- with, 9, 114,261,264,280,281 Zahir Baybars, r. 1260-77), 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18,31,65,266,273 Casola, Pietro, traveller in 1494, 33, 61 Baybars al-Fariqanl, Rukn al-din, amir, d. Castilian(s), 174,254 1344,246 Caucasus, Caucasian(s), xi, 107, 110, 113, Baybars (II) al-Jashnikir, Rukn al-din (al- 115,130,132,133,137,138,148 Muzaffar Baybars, r, 1309-10), 6, 7, 23, 25, Cavus. (corps), 94, 101, 110 36, 243, 244, 252, 266 Central Asia, Central Asian(s), 81, 154, 163, Baybars al-Mansuri, administrator and 167, 170 chronicler, d. 1325, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, 18, 34, 236 cerdkise beyleri, 99, 100, 101

294 Index

Cerkes, Ahmed Pasha, 190 Danzig, 56 gerkes qdniinu, ,,Circassian law", 93 Dar al-cAdl, 53, 241 Chaldiran, battle of, 1514, 13 Darb al-Shamsi, household, 120 Chief Black Eunuchs see eunuchs Darfur (Sudan), 145 Chingiz Khan, d. 1227, 9 DarwTsh Bey, early eighteenth century, 123, Chios, island of, 144 124 Christianity, Christendom, Christian(s), xii, 9, dawdddr, 4, 45, 48, 78, 91, 102, 179 13, 33, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 91, 129, 132, 133, dawdddr thdni, 30 134, 135, 136, 142, 143, 144, 147, 168, 175, dawlat al-Jardkisa see Circassian Mamluk 237, 238, 240, 252, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259, Sultanate 276, 280, 281 see also Copts; Greek DawudAgha, 1600s, 233 Catholics, Orthodox Dawudiyya quarter (Cairo), 233 Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 260 Delta Provinces, 40, 74 see also under proper Circassia, Circassian(s), xi, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, names 15, 17, 33, 36, 83, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, Desaix, General, French expedition to Egypt, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 113, 115, 122, 143, 145 123, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 147, 179, devsirme 108 189,191,193,194,272,273,279 dhimmi ('protected', non-Muslim subjects), Circassian Mamluk ('Burji') sultanate (dawlat 262,276 al-jardkisa), 64, 66, 68, 71, 112, 114, 187, 208 Dhu 31-Faqar Bey al-Faqarl, d. 1730, 112, Circassian regiment {Qerdkise Ocagi), 96, 99 122, 124 Citadel, 22, 28, 56, 62, 64, 72, 94, 109, 120, Dhu 31-Faqar, Jawish, 1750s, 120, 233 131, 141, 209, 210, 213, 216, 218, 222, 225, Dimitri, later Sulayman, late eighteenth 226, 228, 238 century, 144 City of the Dead, 72 DimyatI, household, late eighteenth century, Cologne, 55 124 ' Companions of the Prophet, sahdba, 7, 10, diwdn al-mawanth [al-hashriyyaj, 248, 249, 62,180,183 250 Conrad of Basle, German Mamluk, 1490s, 56 diwdn al-mufrad, established by Barquq in Copernicus, Nicolaus (d. 1543), 154, 157 1395,68 Coptic clergy, 235, 261 al-Diyarbakri, cAbd al-Samad, historian, Coptic converts to Islam (also Musdlima), mid-sixteenth century, 88, 93, 97 168,243,252,253,266,268 Dominican(s), 57, 175 Copts, Coptic, 129, 144, 147, 236, 237, 238, Dugua, General, late eighteenth century, 240, 246, 248, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 139 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, duumvirates, duumvirs, 121, 125, 284, 288 267, 268, 269, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 Coptic patriarch, 248 East Asia (Far East), 81 Crete, Cretans, 174 English (British), 131. 132, 138, 143, 144, 145, Croats, 138, 143, 147 146, 147, 148, 149 Crusades, Crusaders, xii, 56, 167, 226 see also eunuchs, 21, 67, 75, 109, 111, 115 Franks Europe, European(s), 61, 118, 124, 129, 130, Cyprus, Cyptiots, 129 131, 132, 133, 135, 138, 139, 142, 143, 145, 147, 149, 167, 174, 175, U6 see also daftarddr, 109 Christians Dahir al-cUmar see Zahir al-cUmar Evliya £elebi, Ottoman traveller, d. c. 1684, Damanhur, province, 231 113 Damas, General French expedition to Egypt, 145 Fabri (Schmidt), Felix, Dominican traveller, Damascus, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 24, 37, 38, 39, 40, in 1483, 57, 58, 59, 60, 84, 175 57, 68, 98, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, al-Fakhirl, Badr al-dln Baktash, chronicler, d. 200,243 1344/5,236,237,240 Damietta (Dimyat), 40, 100, 103, 139, 147 Fakhr al-dln Muhammad b. Fadl Allah al- Damurdash al-YusufT, muqaddam alf, d. 1391, Muslimanl, ndzir al-jaysh, c. 1332, 241, 27 244, 247 al-Damurdashl, Ahmad Katkhuda 'Azaban, falak see astronomy chronicler, d. after 1755, 121, 124, 134, 137, al-Falilah, household, 120 140 falldhin, 94, 95, 98

Index 295

Faqarifaction, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 122, Giovanni Gaeti, later Ahmad Agha, d. 1799, 123,124 145, 146 Faraj b. Barquq (al-Nasir Faraj, r. 1399-1405, Giza, Gizeh, 148, 239 1405-12), 8, 10,208,213,273 Gog and Magog, 181 al-Farghani, Muhammad b. Kathlr, scientist, Golden Horde, 9 d. after 1456-1*60 gunulliiydn, Ottoman regiment, 94 Faris b. Ozdemir, amir al-hdjj, 1523, 102 Greek(s), 116,132, 138, 143, 144, 145, 147, Fatimid(s), 137, 156, 159, 209, 210, 222, 225, 149 229, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 269, 271, Greek Catholics, Orthodox, 129, 134, 135, 272, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281 138,177 Fayyum, 40, 248 Guemard, Gabriel, author, c. 1800, 143 fiol di la zente, fioli de la gente, ,,sons of the gentry", 61 see also awldd al-nds Habsburg, 66, 142 see also Habsburg Empire ftqh,fuqaha\19, 111, 198 hadith, 44, 79, 80, 164, 165, 166, 198 firdsa, 240 Hadrat al-Baqar district (Cairo), 213, 219 Fircawn, Antun QassTs, customs agent, hdjib (plur. hujjdb), also: hdjib thdni, hdjib eighteenth century, 129 thdlith, hdjib rdbi\ 30, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, France see also French, 118 45 ,47, 52, 53 Franks, 7, 9, 66, 192, 193, 245, 246 see also hajj (pilgrimage), 26, 45, 50, 88, 89, 102, 103, Crusaders 104, 119, 247 see also amir al-hdjj Franciscans, 57 HajjT (I), Sayf al-dln (al-Muzaffar HajjT, r. French, xii, 107, 126, 127, 130, 132, 133, 135, ' 1346-7), 25 137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, HajjT (II) b. Sha'ban (al-Mansur HajjT, r. 148, 149, 234 see also France ' 1381-2, 1389-90), 10,39,75 French occupation of Egypt, 107, 126, 127, Al-Hakim, Fatimid caliph, 261, 275, 281 145, 146, 234 Halawun/Hulawim (Hulegii), 5 Frendenburgh, Joseph, 1790s, 145 halqa, 34, 35, 42, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, Frescobaldi, Leonardo, Florentine traveller in 78,79 1384, 175 Hama, 6, 37, 40 furusiyya (horsemanship, chivalrous arts), 43, Hammam Qutlugh (Cairo), 38 81, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, Hamza Bey Abaza, 1740s, 115 186,187 Hamza Pasha (r. 1683-7), 232 al-Fustat, Old Cairo, 40, 156, 159, 224, 225, Hanafi quarter (Cairo), 217, 218 226,227, 228, 234, 260, 265, 280, 281 Hanafi madhhab, Hanafites, 12, 78, 81, 160, 171,178,202 Galilee, 80 Hanbali madhhab, Hanbalites, 179, 182, 185 Gaza, Ghazza, 13, 40, 79, 238 handasa see geometry geography, 201 Hanim, daughter of Ibrahim Katkhuda, geometry (handasa), 201 eighteenth century, 284, 286 Georgia, Georgian(s), xii, 15, 104, 107, 114, Haram documents (Jerusalem), 36 115, 116, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, Hasan ('the Greek'), d. after 1536, 176 147 Hasan Agha Balfiya (Balfiyya), d. 1703/4, 140 Germany, German(s), 57, 58, 69, 84, 136, 139, Hasan Bey, the Albanian, early 1800s, 148 143,145,175,187,252 Hasan Bey al-Dakrun, 1740s, 137 Gharbiyya province, 74, 102, 103, 248, 249, Hasan Bey al-JiddawT, d. 1800/1, 137 250 Hasan Bey al-Juja, d. 1767, 126 Ghassanids, Ghassan tribe, 8, 11, 15 Hasan Bey Qasabat Ridwan, d. 1778/9, Ghawriyya district (Cairo), 288 household, 120 al-GhazalT, JanbardI, governor of Syria, d. Hasan Efendi Shaqbun, kdtib al-hawdla, d. 1521,90 ' 1790/1,202 GhazT Hasan Pasha see Hasan Kapudan Hasan Kapudan Pasha (GhazT Hasan Pasha), Pasha ' admiral, 1780s, 126, 127, 130,131, 133, Ghazza see Gaza 142, 143 al-Ghitds, submersion in the Nile, Coptic Hasan b Muhammad b. Qalawun, Nasir al- festival, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 279, dln 'Qumarf (al-Nasir Hasan, r, 1347-51, 282 1354-61), 25, 67, 68,'74,'79, 81 Ghiyath al-dln Muhammad, d. 1294, 38 al-hawdsil al-sultdniyya, royal stores, 244 ghuldm, pi. ghilmdn, 35 Hayatim, household, 120

296 Index

Hebrew, Hebrew prophets, 89, 171 historian, d. after 1337, 81, 178, 236, 240, Hebron, al-Khaffl, 4, 156 242, 245, 246, 249 Heraclius (Byzantine emperor, r. 610-41), 9, Ibn Duqmaq, Ibrahim b. Muhammad b. 15 Aydamur, historian, d. 1406, 75, 81 Hijaz, 70, 227, 280 Ibn Fadl Allah al-cUmarI, Shihab al-dln, Hijazlbow, 184 clerk and historian, d. 1349, 240, 241 hippodrome (mayddn, pi. mayddin), 177, 227 Ibn al-Farid, cUmar b. CA1I, mystic poet, d. hisba see ihtisdb 1235, 164, 169, 171 Horns, Hims, 38, 40 Ibn al-Furat, Muhammad, historian, d. 1405, Hornemann, Friedrich, traveller, 1790s, 145 200 horses, horsemanship, horse-riding see Ibn al-Ha'im, mathematician, d. 1449, 158 furiisiyya, Sipahi Ibn Hajar al-cAsqalanI, historian and hospodar, 114 traditionist, d. 1449, 166, 170, 193 Hiilegu see Halawun Ibn al-Hajj, Abu cAbdallah, Malik! jurist, d. 'Hummus Akhdar' see Tashtamur 1336, 165, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173, 262, 279 Hungarians, 138, 143, 147, 149 Ibn Hilal al-Dawla, shddd al-dawdwin, d. Husam al-dln Turuntay see Turuntay 1333,239,240,249 Husayn Abaza, amir al-hdjj, 1547, 103 Ibn Hummus Akhdar see Muhammad b. Husayn Agha/Bey ('the Zantiote'), late Tashtamur eighteenth century, 138, 284 Ibn Iyas, Muhammad, historian, d. 1524, 14, Husayn Bey al-Khashshab, d. after 1748, 124 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 102, 189, 207, 216, 265, Husayn Bey Kishkish (al-Qazdughll), d. 273,276, 277 ' 1768/9, 125, 126 Ibn al-JTan, clerk and historian, d. 1480, 75, Husayn Bey al-Sabunji al-Maqtul, d. 1757, 229 ' 115,125, 142' Ibn Khaldun, cAbd al-Rahman, historian and Husayn al-Kablr al-Qazdughll, eighteenth MalikI judge, d. 1405, 71, 191, 199, 227, century, 283 254, 255 Husayn Kashif al-YahudI, d. after 1782, 37 Ibn Khallikan, biographer, d. 1282, 200 al-Husayn b. Muhammad b. Qalawun, d. Ibn al-Majdl, astronomer, d. 1447, 158, 161 1363, 25 Ibn Makhluf, MalikI judge, early 1300s, 242 Husayn Pasha (Kiicuk Hiiseyin), admiral, d. Ibn Nujaym, jurist, d. 1563, 197, 198 ' 1803, 143 Ibn al-Qammat see Taj al-dln Ishaq Husayn al-Qadirl, amir, eighteenth century, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (Ibn al-Qayyim), ' 203 Hanball religious scholar, d. 1350, 179, 180, Husayniyya quarter (Cairo), 209, 210, 212, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 214,215,217,219,221 Ibn al-Qiftl, Jamal al-dln, biographer and scholar, d. 1248, 155 Ibn cAbd al-Zahir, Muhyl 'l-dln Abu '1-Fadl Ibn al-Raddad family, wardens of the 'Abdallah, secretary of Baybars and Nilometer, 258, 259, 269, 270 chronicler, d. 1292, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 16 Ibn al-Rammal, Ahmad, historian, sixteenth Ibn Abi '1-Fath al-Sufi, astronomer, fifteenth century, 207 century, 158 Ibn al-Salcus, al-Sahib Shams al-dln, d. 1294, Ibn Abi 51-Surur see al-Bakri vizier to al-Ashraf KhalU, 7 Ibn AblUsaybi'a, scholar, d. 1270, 155 Ibn al-Sarraj, Syrian astronomer, 1320s, 157, Ibn (al-)'Arabl, Muhyl H-dln, d. 1240, 202 158,161 Ibn cArabshah, Ahmad b. Muhammad, Ibn Sayyid al-Nas, Fath al-dln, biographer, d. historian, d. 1450, 191 1334,249 Ibn Aranbugha al-Zardakash, fifteenth Ibn Shaddad, cIzz al-dln, chronicler, d, 1285, century, 78 12 Ibn al-cAttar (Ahmad b. Muhammad), Ibn al-Shatir, astronomer, d. 1375, 157, 158, dawdddr, mid-fifteenth century, 178, 179, 159,160i161 181 Ibn al-Shihna, Sari al-dln cAbd al-Barr b. Ibn Aybak al-Dawadarl see Ibn al-Dawadarl Muhammad, chronicler, d. 1515/6, 12, 13 Ibn Baba street (Cairo), 216 Ibn al-SuqacI, Christian historian, d. 1325, Ibn Baydakln al-Turkumanl (Idrls), author 242, 243 and Hanafi jurist, early fourteenth century, Ibn TaghrlbirdI, Abu 31-Mahasin Yusuf, 79, 167, 168,264,266 historian, d. 1467, 7, 27, 29, 30, 31, 72, 75, Ibn al-Dawadarl, Abu Bakr b. cAbdallah, 81,178,207,276,277-

Index 297

Ibn Taymiyya, TaqI al-dln, HanbalT iltizdm (tax-farming), multazim, 93, 101, 108, theologian, d. 1328, 167, 168, 170, 180, 235 203 Ibn Tulun, Shams al-din Muhammad, cImad al-din cAbd al-Salam b. Abi cAbdallah historian, d. 1546, 14 al-Dimashql, d. 1297/8, 178, 181 Ibn Tulun, Ahmad (r. 868-84), mosque and cImad al-din Abu 51-Fida5 IsmM, historian quarter (Cairo), 160, 212, 214, 215, 218, and Ayyubid ruler of Hama, d. 1331, 6 245 Inal, Sayf al-din (al-Ashraf Inal, r. 1453-61), Ibn cUbada, wakil al-khdss, early 1300s, 241, 29 242, 244, 249, 252 Inal al-Abubakri, amir, d. 1449, 28 Ibn al-Ukhuwwa, Diya° al-din, author of a Inal (al-SayfTTarabay), d. c, 1523, 93 hisba manual, d. 1329, 157 India, Indian(s), Indian trade, 56, 138, 148, Ibn Yunus, Abu '1-Hasan, astronomer, d. 154 1009, 156 iqtd'(p\. iqtd'dt), muqta', 5, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, Ibrahim Agha al-Muslimanl, Jewish convert, 28, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 46, 49, 51, 52, eighteenth century, 136 53, 65, 70, 72, 75, 107, 250, 268 Ibrahim Agha Mustahfizan 1640s-50s, 233 Iran see Persia Ibrahim Agha Qishta, khazinddr, d. 1788, 284 Iraq, Mesopotamia, 184, 285 Ibrahim Agha b. al-SacI, eighteenth century, al-Ishaqi, Muhammad b. cAbd al-Mucti, 120 historian, d.' after 1623, 191, 192, 200 Ibrahim b. Ahmad, muwaqqit in Hebron, al-IshbUl al-Maghribl al-Dimashql, CA1I b. early 1300^ 156 Muhammad al-Lakhml, historian, Ibrahim Bey, dummvir with Murad, d. sixteenth century, 13, 14, 16 1815/16, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, Iskandar Pasha (r. 1556-9), 232 139, 143, 147, 148 Ismail, Safavid Shah, r. 1501-24, 13 Ibrahim Bey Abu Shanab, d. 1717/8, 122, 123 IsmacH, Agha see Ibrahim al-Yahudi Ibrahim Bey (b.) Dhu '1-Faqar, d. 1695/6, 123, Ismacll, Bey Abu Madfac, d. 1768, 126 124 Ismacil, Bey al-Daftard"ar, early 1700s, 140 Ibrahim Bey al-Qatamish, 1740s, 123 IsmM, Bey al-Iwaz, d. 1724, 121, 123 Ibrahim £orbaci b,' CA1I Kathuda, 1720s (d. Ismacll, Bey al-Kabir, shaykh al-balad, d. 1719?), 202 1791,131, 132, 133, 134, 135 Ibrahim (Bey) Jawish Katkhuda al- Isma'il, Bey al-Saghir, brother ofcAH al- Qazdughll, d. 1754, 115, 116, 120, 121, 124, Ghazzawl, d.*1777, 284, 285 125,126,285,288 IsmM, Jawish, d. after 1754, 120 Ibrahim Katkhuda al-BirkawI, d. 1784, 202, IsmM, Katkhuda, d. after 1754, 120 203, 222, 284, 286 Ismacll, b. Muhammad b. Qalawun (al-Salih Ibrahim b. Khushqadam, 1480s, 76 IsmM, r. 1342-5), 6, 7, 8, 16, 25, 37 ' Ibrahim Pasha (r. 1661-4), 232 IsmMis, 255 see also Shfa Ibrahim Pasha, grand vizier of Sulayman, d. Istanbul, 87, 89, 90, 91, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 1536,94 105, 108, 109, 111, 112, 115, 119, 120, 124, Ibrahim Pasha al-Maqtul, d. 1604, 95 135, 143, 146, 159, 203, 230, 231 Ibrahim al-Sinnan (black Katkhuda), istibddl, alienation/exchange of waqf, 71, 75, eighteenth century, 138 232 Ibrahim al-Yahudi, later IsmacH Agha, istisqa, rain prayers, 273, 274, 276 eighteenth century, 137 Italian(s), 61, 132, 138, 143, 144, 147, 149 cidMika% 259 iwdn, 28 %d al-salib, Coptic festival of the cross, 259, IwazBey,d. 1711,121,122, 123 280', 281, 282 Iwazi faction, 122, 123 cid al-shahid, Coptic festival of the martyr, 259, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268 Jabala b. al-Ayham, last Ghassanid ruler, 9, Idris b. Baydakin see Ibn Baydakin 15 al-Idrisi see cAll b. Maymun al-Jabarti, cAbd al-Rahman, historian, d. Ifranj Ahmad, basodabasi, d. 1711, 109, 123 1825, 87, 112, 116, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, ihtisdb, hisba, 157 see also muhtasib 125, 131, 133, 134, 139, 142, 144, 158, 197, Ikhshldids (r. 935-69), 260 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 208, 222, 284, ijtihdd, 165 287,288 Ildud al-Jashnikin, brother-in-law of al- al-Jabarti, Hasan, father ofcAbd al-Rahman, Mucizz Aybak, thirteenth century, 38 d. 1774,287 Ilkhans, 9, 63, 245 Jacfar, Mustafa, eighteenthcentury, 288

298 Index

Ja£far Pasha, r. 1619, 190 kdtib al-mastaba, clerk of the bench, 243 Jaffa, Yafa, 146 kdtib al-sirr, 241, 248 Jamalal-dlnAqushal-AshrafTseeAqush katkbudd, kdhya, 94, 97', 103, 115, 125, 138, jdmddr, 52 284 Janibak cAziz, son of Rustum, sixteenth al-Kawm al-RIshl, Ahmad, muwaqqit in century, 15 Cairo, d. 1432, 158', 160 Janibak al-Mahmudl al-Mu'ayyadl, ra's Kazdagh, 141 nawba under Khushqadam, 1460s, 30 Keith, Thomas, later Ibrahim Agha, 146 Janim b. Dawlatbay, Janim al-SayfT, d. c. khddim al-haramayn al-sharifayn, 6 1523, 93, 102 Kha'ir Bey, governor of Aleppo, later Egypt, Janim al-HamzawI, amir al-hdjj, 1520s, 102, d. 1522, 90, 91, 92, 93, 102 232 Khalid b. al-Qaysaranl, Muwaffaq al-din, Janim b. Qasrah, amir al-hdjj, 1539^5, 103 vizier of Nur al-din b. ZangI, d. 1192, 6, 7 Janissaries (Mustahfizan); 58, 90, 93, 94, 97, Khalid b. al-Walld, d. 642, 7, 180 112, 115, 121, 123, 125, 137, 142, 147, 222 al-khalij, 209, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 219, Janissary barracks, 109, 120 222 Jankall b. Muhammad b. al-Baba, amir, d. Khalij dam, 254, 278, 282 see also Nile 1346, 36 ' al-Khalll see Hebron al-Jannabl, Mustafa, historian, d. 1590, 192 Khalil Bey al-Kablr, d. 1768/9, 126 Jantamur, brother of Taz, d. 1391/2, 37 Khalil Bey Qatamish, amir al-hdjj, d. 1747, Jaqmaq, Sayf al-din (al-Zahir Jaqmaq, r. 137 1438-53), 28, 29, 56, 179 Khalil Bulghia, eighteenth century, 283, 284 Jaraktamur, favourite of al-Ashraf Sha'ban, Khalil b. Kaykaldl aWAl&Xfaqih, d. 1359-79 d. 1376, 37 Khain b. Qalawun, Salah al-din (al-Ashraf jawdli, poll taxes, 250 Khalil, r. 1290-3), 7, 65 Jawhar al-Nawmzi, muqaddam al-mamdlik Khalil Qawsun. amir, grandson of al-Nasir under Sultan Jaqmaq, 1450s, 28 Muhammad, d, 1367, 66 al-JazIra (Nile island), 275 al-Khallll, Shams al-din, astronomer, d. 1365, al-JazIrl, cAbd al-Qadir, historian, d. 1553, 88, 157, 158, 161 89,102,103,237 khan, 122,231 Jerusalem, al-Quds, 33, 36, 40, 55, 56, 61, 68, Khan al-Khallll bazaar, 103 156, 158, 159,161,200, 228, 231, 241, 246, khdnqdh, 227, 252 280, 285 khardj (land tax), 265, 266 Jews, 56, 89, 136, 137, 138, 231, 257, 267, 276 al-Kharashl, Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad, Jidda, Judda, 140, 143 MalikI jurist, d. 1689, 197 jihad, mujdhid, 14, 31, 177, 185, 186 khdss, associated offices, 102, 235, 237, 238, Jirja, 124, 137, 231 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, Joseph, the Koranic and biblical, 55, 59, 60 250, 252 jundi, jiXndi, pi. ajndd (rank-and-file, trooper), al-Khassaf, Ahmad, Hanaff jurist, author of 26, 64, 97 see also ajndd al-halqa ahkdm al-waqf, d. 874, 202 khdssakiyya bodyguard, 21, 22 kdhya see katkhudd Khatt al-Muskl quarter in Cairo, 198 al-Kamil Sha'ban see Shacban Khawaja Muhammad, amir al-hdjj, 1584, 103 al-Karak (Transjordan), 6, 24, 40, 242 khazinddr, khazna, khizdna, khaznaddr Karamiik tribe, 9 treasurer, treasury, 115, 133, 139, 242, 284 Karlm al-din al-Kablr (Akram/cAbd al- Khosraw Aniishirvan see Aniishirvan Karlm b. Hibat Allah b. al-Sadld al-Misri), khubz, pi. akhbaz, 34 see also iqta ndzir al-khdss, d. 1324, 21, 238, 241, 242, al-Khujandl, Abu Mahmud, scientist, d. 243, 244, 245,246, 247, 248, 249, 252, 253 1000, 160 Karlm al-din al-Saghlr, ndzir al-dawla, c. Khurshid Pasha, early 1800s, 148 1310, 244, 247', 249 ' khushddsh, khushddshiyya, 17, 18, 23, 118, KarimI merchants, 245, 246, 248 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 139 kashif, pi. kushshdf, 41, 42, 44, 54, 92, 93, 101, Khushqadam, son of Ridwan Bey Abu '1- 102, 103, 104, 105, 124, 137, 138, 145, 148 Shawarib, seventeenth century, 113 kashif al-jusilr, 54, 92 Khushqadam, Sayf al-din (al-Zahir kasr al-khaliSQQ wa/a3al-Nil Khushqadam, r. 1461-7), 30, 273 kdtib (mustawfi) al-buyutdt al-Sultdniyya, kilerji, shddd al-sanih, officer responsible for clerk of the royal storehouses, 243 the pantry, Ottoman Egypt, 96

Index 299

kimiyd3 see alchemy al-Mansur (sultan) see Abu Bakr; 'AH (I); 'All Kisa° b. Ikrima, chief of the Banu c Amir in (II): HajjT; LajTn; Qalawun pre-Islamic times, 15 al-Mansura, 145 Kitbugha al-Mansun, Zayn al-din (al-cAdil Manufiyya province, 74, 138, 249 Kitbugha, r. 1294-6), 5, 6, 7, 35, 38, 181 maqcad, pi. maqd cid (loggia), 216 Kleber, General, 1790s, 147 al-Maqdisi, Ahmad, eighteenth century, 287 Koran, 75, 78, 171, 172, 173, 202, 270, 271, al-Maqdisi, Abu Hamid see Abu Hamid al- 276 QudsT Kucuk Muhammad, bas odabasi, d. 1694, al-Maqrlzi, Ahmad b. 'All, historian, d. 1442, 109 20, 38, 39, 166,193, 194,198, 199, 207, 210, Kumushbugha (Gumushbogha) b. 'Abdallah 213, 226, 235, 236, 239, 240, 242, 254, 256, al-Timrazi, fifteen century, 75 257, 258, 260, 271, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, al-Kurdl, Mahmud, Sufi, d. 1780, 257 267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, Kurds, Kurdish, 63, 108, 123 277,278,279,280,281,282 kushufiyya, office of kdshif, 92 Maqs (canal, church, dam, gate, mosque in kuttdb, primary school, 80 see also sabil- Cairo), 254, 270, 271, 271 maktab al-Maqsi, Shihab al-din, astronomer, thirteenth century, 156 Lajln al-Husaml al-Tarabulusi, military Maragha (Azerbayjan), 155. 157 writer, d. 1337/8, 177 Marcel, scholar, French expedition, 160 Lajin al-Mansun, Husam al-din (al-Mansur Marj Dabiq, battle of, 1516, xii, 13, 14, 87, Lajln, r. 1296-8),' 6, 7, 23, 25 90,129, 189 Latakia, al-Ladhiqiyya, 246 al-Marrakushi, Abu CA1T astronomer, Legh, Thomas, c. 1810, 146 thirteenth century, 156, 158, 161 Louis IX (St Louis) of France, d. 1270, 59 Marziiq Bey, son of Ibrahim Bey, eighteenth libraries, 4, 154, 160, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, century, 133 201,202,203,204 al-Mascudi, Abu 31-Hasan, chronicler, d, 957, Little Armenia (bildd Sis), 238 260, 262 Lower Egypt, 130,131, 136 see also Delta mathematics (hisdb), 81, 201 provinces and al-Wajh al-Bahn Mawahib Corbaci, qddi, 1690s, 220 Lu'lu3 Ghulam Fandash, 1330s* 249 MawlawTs, Mevlevis, 232 Mecca, 15, 17, 79, 89, 99, 100, 102, 113, 115, Machereau, Philippe-Joseph, later 119,140,146,156,159,200,228 Muhammad Efendi, 1860s, 146 medicine (science), 81, 200 Machiavelli, Niccolo, d. 1527, 177 Medina, 75, 102, 115, 146,228 madrasa 50, 53, 153, 155, 159, 196, 197, 227, Mediterranean, 129, 137, 167 231,239 Mehmet III, Ottoman sultan, r. 1595-1603, Magallon, Franch merchant, 1780s, 139 194 Maghrib see North Africa Mesopotamia see Iraq al-Maghribi al-Dimashqi see al-Ishbffi mihmanddr, 52 Mahalla,231,248 milk (private property), 71, 75 Mahmud Katkhuda Husayn al-Qazdughll, Minqar al-Halabl, military writer, d. after eighteenth century, 283 1482, 176 Mahmud b. Sebiiktigin, Ghaznavid sultan, d. Mintash, Sayf al-din Timurbugha, Barquq's 1030, 171 main opponent, d. 1393, 68 Mahruqi family, eighteenth century, 287 Minya province, 146 majdlis', majdlis adab (literary salons), 170, Misir qullan, soldiers of Egypt, sixteenth 197,201 century, 98 Malik! madhhab, Malikites, 242, 285, 289 Missett, Colonel, consul general, early 1800s, Maliktamur al-Hijazi, amir, d. 1347, 20, 22, 148 248 al-Mizzi, astronomer, d. 1349, 157 Malta, Maltese, 143, 147 Mocha, al-Mukha3 (Yemen), 143 Mamay al-Sayfi palace, 216 Moldavia, 113, 116 mangonel, manjaniq, siege-engine, 184, 185 Mongol(s), xii, 4, 7, 9, 35, 63, 66, 84, 167, 175, Manjak al-Yusuff, Sayf al-din, amir, d. 1375, 227, 242 39 Mu'allim Rizq, secretary of CA1I Bey al-Kabir, Mankutamur al-Husaml, Lajln's deputy, d. 129 1299,35,38 Mucawiya b. Abi Sufyan, caliph, d. 680, 12

300 Index

al-Mu'ayyad Mosque (at the Bab Zuwayla in Muhammad Sa'Id Pasha, Egyptian khedive, r. Cairo), 158, 160 1854-63, 146 al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh see Shaykh Muhammad b.Taghrlbirmish al-Nasirl, early al-Mu'azzam cIsa, member of the Horns 1500s, 76 branch of the Ayyubids, d. 1319, 38 Muhammad b. Tashtamur (b. 'Hummus Mufaddal b. Abi i-Fada3il, Christian Akhdar'), muqaddam alf, fourteenth historian, d. after 1358, 95, 236, 237, 244 century, 66 mufarada, majarida, simple Mamluks, 27 al-Muhibbl. Muhammad al-Amin, historian, Muhammad, Prophet, d. 632, 10, 78, 82, 124, d. 1699, 15 165, 166, 173, 180, 181, 182, 185, 186, 232, Muhimme Defteri, 89 277 Muhyl 'l-dln Abu '1-Fath 'Abdallah b. cAbd Muhammad, son of Baktamur al-Hajib, d. al-Zahir see Ibn cAbd al-Zahir after 1341/2, 38 Muhyl ?l-dm al-Maghribl, astronomer, early Muhammad CA1T Pasha, d. 1849, xii, 128, 129, thirteenth century, 155 130, 131, 134, 137, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, muhtasib, 8, 102, 248, 251 148, 149, 226, 233, 234, 286 al-Mucizz Aybak see Aybak Muhammad Bey Abaza, d, c. 1748, 115 al-Mucizz li-dfn Allah, Fatimid Caliph, r. Muhammad Bey b. Abi Shanab, d. after 953-75, 279 1724/5, 123 mujaddid,6,7 Muhammad Bey Abu '1-Dhahab, d. 1775, mujdhid see jihad 119, 126, 129, 132, 133, 135, 138, 139, 143, muqaddam alf, amir mi'a, commander of a 253, 283, 284 thousand, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48, 66, 102 Muhammad Bey al-Alfi (al-Kabir), All! Bey, muqaddam al-mamdlik, 21, 28, 52 d.' 1806/7, 144, 222 Murad III, Ottoman sultan, r. 1574-95, 189, Muhammad Bey Cerkes, d. 1730, 122, 123, 194 124, 141 Murad Bey, duumvir with Ibrahim Bey, d. Muhammad Bey (b. Yusuf Bey) al-Jazzar, d. 1801, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 143, 144, 1727, 124 145, 147, 148, 149, 283, 284 Muhammad Bey (Qltas) al-Qatamish, al- Murad Bey al-Daftardar al-Qasiml, d. 1696, Faqari, d. 1736, 122, 123, 134 122, 123 Muhammad Corbaci al-SabunjT, eighteenth Musa b. al-Taj Ishaq, Sharaf al-dln, ndzir al- century, 115, 287 " jaysh, 1320s, 241, 252 Muhammad Efendi see Machereau, Philippe- musdlima see Coptic converts Joseph mushiddlshdddal-ahrd\ 53 Muhammad b. Jankallb. al-Baba, amir, d. mushiddl shddd al-'amd'ir al-sultdniyya, 50, 52 1340, 79 mushiddl shddd al-al-awqdf, 49, 51, 53, 54 Muhammad Kathhuda, amir al-hdjj, 1550s, mushiddl shddd al-dawdlib al-khdss, 248 103 ' mushiddl shddd al-dawdwin, 46, 48, 239, 241, Muhammad Katkhuda al-Muslimanl, late 248, 249 eighteenth century, 137 mushiddl shddd al-shardbkhdna, 52 Muhammad Khusraw Pasha, Ottoman mustabdil see istibddl governor, d. after 1803/4, 138 mustakhdamun (an amir's troops), 35 Muhammad Pasha Qul Qiran (r. 1607-11), Muscovites, 134, 139 see also Russians 95, 100, 231 Mustafa, Muhammad Bey Abu 51-Dhahab's Muhammad Pasha Raghib, scholar and Mamluk, 133 grand vizier, d. 1763, 124 Mustafa b. cAbdallah al-Ruml, pasha, r. Muhammad Pasha al-Silahdar (r. 1652-6), 232 1561-4, 102 Muhammad (I) b. Qalawun, Nasir al-dln (al- Mustafa CA1T, Ottoman writer and Nasir Muhammad, r. 1293-4, 'l299-1309, bureaucrat, d. 1600, 89, 93, 97, 100, 104 131(M1), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, Mustafa Bey al-Kizlar (Kizlar), d. 1729/30, 23, 24, 25, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 63, 64, 65, 66, 123 67, 155, 207, 208, 210, 211, 220, 225, 226, Mustafa Efendi al-Sharif Ikhtiyar 227, 228, 229, 230, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, Mutafarriqa, d. after 1754, 120 239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 248, 251, 252, 265, Mustafa Kathuda al-Qazdughll, d. 1703/4, 266, 267 125, 140, 141 Muhammad (II) b. Qaytbay (al-Nasir Mustafa Pasha, r. 1522-3, 1549, 93, 103 Muhammad, r. 1495-8), 12, 13, 16, 56, 58, Mustahfizan see Janissaries 61 al-Mustacm, caliph and sultan, r. 1412, 8, 10

Index 301

mustawfi al-dawla, chief accountant of the Nile, 6, 22, 38, 56, 74, 79, 144, 147, 148, 149, vizierate, 239 187, 213, 227, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, Mutafarriqa (Muteferriqa) regiment, 101, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 103,257 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, Muctazilism, 173 278, 280, 281, 282 see also Nilometer al-Mutawakkil, Abbasid caliph, r. 847-61, Nile Delta see Delta provinces 258 Nilometer (al-miqyds), 258, 269, 270, 272, muwaqqit (time-keeper), 153, 154, 155, 156, 277 157, 158, 159, 160, 162 Niqula Re'is, aka Papazoghlu, aka al-Muzaffar (sultan) see Baybars (II): Hajji Barthelemy, d. after 1799, 137, 144, 148 (I); Qutuz Niqula al-Turk, historian, d. 1828, 140, 144 Nizam al-Mulk, Seljuq vizier, d. 1092, 180, Nablus,40, 159 232 nafaqa, 30, 43 Nizdmndme-i Misir, 140 NafTsa Khatun, wife ofcAll Bey al-Kablr, 284, North Africa (Maghrib), North Africans, xii, 285 83, 147,156,184 al-Nahrawali al-Makkl, Qutb al-din, Niir Allah, Sharif, scholar, contemporary of historian, d. 1582,88 Qansuh al-Ghawrl, 172 nd'ib, pi. nuwwdb (deputy; provincial Niir al-din b. XangI (al-Malik al-cAdil, d. governor), 24, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 1174), 6, 7 46,47,48,49,51,52,53,54 Nurl hospital (Damascus), 200 nd'ib al-saltana (viceregent in Egypt), 5, 23, al-Nuwayri, Shihab al-din, encyclopaedist, d, 44 1331/2, 199, 236, 242, 243, 244, 245 Najm al-din al-Misri, astronomer, thirteenth century, 156 ocak (ojaq) regiment, 136, 138, 140, 141, 248 naqib al-ashrdf (steward of the Prophet's see also cAzaban, Circassian regiment, descendants), 105, 111 Janissaries, Mutafarriqa naqib al-jaysh, al-juyiish, 51 oda (Turkish barracks), odabasi, 109, 120 naqib al-mamdlik, 52 Ottoman(s), xi, xiii, xiv, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 39, al-Nashw (al-Qadi Sharaf al-din cAbd al- 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, Wahhab b. al-Taj Fadl Allah), d. 1339, 235, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 126, 127, 128, 129, al-Nasir (sultan) see Ahmad, Shihab al-din; 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, Faraj; Hasan b. Muhammad; Muhammad 142, 143, 145, 147, 148, 149, 156, 159, 161, (I) b. Qalawun; Muhammad (II) b. 167, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, Qaytbay 196, 203, 207, 208, 209, 216, 217, 218, 224, Nasir al-din b. Simcun, astronomer, d. 1337, 229,230,231,232,233,234 156 Ottoman Empire, and war with Habsburg NasTr al-din TusI, Persian philosopher, d. Empire, 142 1274, 155 ' Ottoman Empire, and war with Russian Nasirl rawk (cadastral survey, 1315), 64 Empire, 127, 139 see also Russian Empire Nasiriyya quarter (Cairo), 217 Oyrat, Mongol immigrants to Egypt and Nawriiz (rival of al-Mu5ayyad Shaykh), d. Syria, 1295s, 181 1414, 10 Ozbek (Uzbak), son of Ridwan Bey Abu 31- nawriiz festivals, 277, 278, 279, 280 Shawarib, seventeenth century, 113 ndzir al-awqdf, 46 ndzirlmudabbir al-dawla, 240, 241, 243, 247, Palestine, Palestinian, 56, 98, 129, 156, 174, 248 245, 251 see also Syria(n) ndzir diwd n al-mawdrith, 250 Papazoghlu see Niqula Re "is ndzir (diwdn) al-jaysh, 241, 244, 248, 252 Persia, Persian(s); Iran, Iranian(s), 9, 98, 115, ndzir al-jihat, supervisor of taxes, 249 154, 174, 178, 184, 185, 193,199,200,255, ndzir Inazar [khizdnat] al-khdss [al-sharif], 277 237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244^ 245, 246, 247, Persian bow, 174, 183, 184, 185, 186 252 Phanariot Greeks, 114, 116 Niebuhr, Carsten, German-Danish traveller, Piedmontese, 144 d. 1815, 143,223 Pietro Casola see Casola Niger, 145 Piloti, Emmanuel, traveller 1440s, 174

302 Index

PIrl Bey, amir al-hdjj, late sixteenth century, al-Qaysaranl, Shams al-din Ibrahim b. cAbd 104 al-Rahman, historian, d, 1352, 6, 7 plague (also Black Death), 70, 130, 131, 168, Qaysariyyat al-cUsfur, 38 189,229 Qaytbay, Sayf al-din (al-Malik al-Ashraf, r. Pococke, Richard, travellerd in 1737, 136 1468-96), 13, 15, 56, 57, 58, 61, 94, 158, polo (al-lacib bi-3l-kura wa-3l-sawlajdri), 43, 154, 169, 171, 187, 216, 225, 228,229,230, 182 234 Portuguese, al-Firanj al-burtuqal, 193 Qazdughll household, Qazdughlis, 115, 125, Pretot, Colonel, French expedition, 141 129,133,140,147,149,285 qibla, 153,157,274 Qadir Agha, early nineteenth century, 146 Qipchaq steppes, xi al-Qahira, 38, 39, 40, 209, 210, 213, 216, 217, Qipchaq Turkish, 176 218, 220, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 231, al-Qisma al-cAskariyya, 198 265 Qltas Bey al-Faqarl, d. c. 1715, 121, 123 qd'im maqdm, 120, 124 Qubbat al-Nasr (Cairo), 274 qddi, pi. quddt, 30, 88, 91, 220, 242 al-Quds see Jerusalem qddi 'askar, 111 al-Qudsi see Abu Hamid al-Qudsi al-MaqdisT Qalawiin, Sayf al-dln al-AlfT (al-Mansur qul, qullar (military slaves), 96 Qalawiin, r. 1279-90), 3, 4, 5, 18, 19, 23, 25, quloghlis, 83 34, 35, 36, 63, 64, 65, 67, 72, 242 Qumarl see Hasan b. Muhammad b. Qalawiin complex (Bayn al-Qasrayn, Cairo), Qalawun 245 Quraysh, 15,99, 113, 114 Qalawunid line, household, 8, 10, 23, 69 Qus, 243 al-Qalqashandl, Ahmad b. CA1T, al-Qusayr (Red Sea port), 143 encyclopaedist, d, 1418, 240, 241, 269 Qusun see Qawsun Qalyub, 268 Qutliibugha, hajib to al-Ashraf Sha'ban, 38 Qanim b. Ma'albay, amir al-hdjj, 1520s, 102 Qutlubugha al-Fakhrl, amir, d. 1342, 22, 24, Qanim al-Mahmudl, amir, d. 1485, 187 36 Qanim Mosque (built in 1446), 160 Qutlubugha al-Kuka% amir, d. 1383, 37 QansuhBey,d. 1715, 123 Qutluqtamur, atdbak al-casdkir, d. after 1378, Qansuh Khamsmi'a (al-Zahir Qansuh, r. 27 1498-1500), 13,58 Qutuz, Sayf al-dln (al-Muzaffar Qutuz, r. Qansuh al-Ghawri (al-Ashraf Qansuh al- 1259-60), 23, 25 Ghawri, r. 1501-16), 76, 87, 90, J03, 170, 171, 172, 173,229 Rahba, 40 Qdnunndme-i Misir, 94, 232 Ramadan, son of al-Nasir Muhammad, 25 Qapu qullan ,,slaves of the Porte", 93, 98, 99 Rankal b. Ashbugha, amir tablkhdna, d. Qarafa cemetaries (Cairo), 246 1349-50, 66 Qaratay al-Tazi, ra's nawba, d. 1377, 27 ra's nawba (kabir), 26, 27, 30 Qasim Abu Sayf, learned amir, Ottoman Rasulids (Yemen), 155, 159 period, 201 Rawda Island (Cairo), 250 Qasim Bey (the Muscovite, Mamluk of al-rawk al-ndsiri, see Nasirl rawk Ibrahim Bey), 134, 139,233 al-Raydaniyya, battle of, 1517, xii, 13, 189 Qasim al-Sharayibl, d. 1734, 217, 220 al-RazT, Fakhr al-dln, jurist and theologian, Qasimlfaction, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 122, d. 1209, 202 123, 124, 134 Razzaz house, bayt al-razzdz, 216 al-QataY (Tulunid urban foundation, Cairo), Red Sea, 88, 129, 143 224, 225 Rhodes, 92, 190 Qatamish, household, 124 see also CA1T Bey Ribat al-Athar shrine (Cairo), 232 al-Qatamish, cUmar Bey al-Qatamish Ridwan Bey, nephew of CAH Bey al-Kablr, d. qaws al-jarkh, crossbow fitted with a wheel, 1791, 134 184,185 Ridwan Bey Abu 31-Shawarib, al-Qasiml, d. Qawsun al-Nasirl, amir, d. 1342, 20, 23, 24, 1661/2,113,114,116,233 25^36,248,251 Ridwan Bey al-Faqarl, amir al-hdjj, d. 1656, Qawsun palace, 213 14, 15, 16,99 Qawsun quarter, 219, 222, 231 Ridwan Katkhuda (Bey) al-Jalf!, d. 1754, 120, QawuqjT, family of religious dignitaries, 122, 124, 125, 126, 197, 201/2, 222, 284/85 eighteenth century, 287 rizqa (pi. rizaq) mabrura (stipend), 70, 72

Index 303

Robinson, English cannoneer, 139, 143 sarrdjun, 134, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 149 Romania, Romanian(s), 116 al-Sayfi, sarrdj of Muhammad Bey £erkes, d Rosetta, Rashld, 124, 147, 231 c. 1730, 141 Rosetti, Carlo, 129, 136, 145 Sayyida Zaynab shrine (Cairo), 232 Royer, pharmacist, 146 sayyidi see sidi Rukn al-dln Baybars see Baybars (I), Baybars Scotts, 146 al-Fariqanl, Baybars (II) Sedillot, father and son, 161 Rum, bilddal-Riim, 15, 102 Selim I ('Yavuz', 'the Grim'), Ottoman sultan, Rumayla, section of Cairo, 213, 218 r. 1512-20, 3, 13, 14, 16, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, Rumeli, 93 93,113,129,192,193,216 Russian Empire, 116, 129, 130, 135, 136, 137, Seljuq(s),9, 113, 114, 180,255 139, 142, 148 see also Russians §emdanizade Findikhh Sulayman Efendi, Russian(s), 127, 138, 139, 143, 148 chronicler, eighteenth century, 116 Rustum, amir, 1510s, 15 Seven regiments see ocaks ruzndmjl, 287 Seville, 13 Sha'ban (II), Nasir al-din (al-Ashraf Sha'ban, sabil-maktab, 233 see also kuttdb r. 1363-77), 24, 25, 26, 27, 37, 38, 68, 69, Safad, 37, 40, 239 75, 176,272 al-Safadl, Khaffl b. Aybak, scholar and Sha'ban (I), Sayf al-din (al-Kamil Sha'ban, r. biographer, d. 1363, 80, 236, 237, 238, 239, 1345-6), 25 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251, al-Shabun, Sulayman Bey, d. 1790/1, 288 252 shddd see mushidd al-Safadi, Shihab al-din Ahmad, writer, d. ShafT b. CA1I al-cAsqalanI, historian, d. 1330, 1572/3, 14 5,16 Safavids, 13, 104, 115 al-ShaficT, Muhammad b. Idrls, jurisprudent, sahdba see Companions of the Prophet d.820, 194 " Sacld see Upper Egypt ShafTl madhhab, ShafTites, 79, 160, 180, 182, Sa'im al-Dahr (Shaykh Muhammad), 1370s, 228 ' 272 al-Shams b. al-Azraq, ndzir al-jihdt, 1330s, al-Sakhawi, Muhammad b. cAbd al-Rahman, 249 historian, d. 1497, 80, 179, 180, 181, 182, Shams al-din al-Khallli see al-KhalllT 186, 187, 191, 199,200 Shaqhab, battle of, 1303, 243 Salah al-din Yusuf b. al-Awhad, Ayyubid of shardbkhdna, 52 Damascus, amir of forty, d, 1340/1, 38 Sharaf al-din cAbd al-Wahhab, see al-Nashw Salah, al-din Yusuf al-Ayyubl (Saladin), d. Sharaf al-din Miisa see Musa b. al-Taj 1193, 7, 12, 63, 209, 222, 225, 226, 227, 229, shardkisa see Circassians 230, 234 al-ShacranI, cAbd al-Wahhab, Sufi writer, d. Salamish, Badr al-din (al-cAdil Salamish, r. 1565,89,197 1279), 5, 7 al-Sharayibi see Qasim al-Sharayibl Salar (Sallar), Sayf al-din, vice-sultan, d. SharayibI family, 220, 222, 287 1310,7,266 shark, 198 Salih, Salah al-din (al-Salih Salih, r. 1351-54), sharVa, shar T judges, 30, 31, 91, 182, 190, 243 37 sharif, pi. ashrdf (descendants of the Prophet al-Salih (sultan) see also IsmacH b. through Hasan), 100, 110, 172 Muhammad; Salah al-din Sharif Muhammad Pasha, governor of Egypt al-Salih Ayyub see Ayyub 1596-8,98 Salih Bey al-Qasiml, amir al-hdjj, d. 1768/9, al-Sharqawi, cAbdallah, Shaykh al-Azhar, d. 119,122 1812,287 al-Salihl ?Abd al-Rahman, muwaqqit, c. 1500, Shawbak (Transjordan), 246 158 ' Shaykh, Sayf al-din (al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, r. Samarqand, 158, 159 1412-21), 8, 9, 11, 16,274 sancak (sanjaq), 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, Shaykh Ibrahim see Burckhardt 119, 122, 124, 125, 137, 148,218 Shaykhii al-Nasirl, amir, d. 1357, 229 sanduq al-yawdqit, astronomical shaykh al-Azhar, 105 compendium, 157 shaykh al-balad, 125, 132, 135, 148 Sanuto, Marino, Venetian consul, 57, 58, 61 shaykh al-isldm, 172 Saracens, moors, Arabic speaking Muslims, Shaykh al-Zal[l]am quarter (Cairo), 219, 222 59, 60, 174, 175 Shfa, Shfites, 167, 193, 225

304 Index

Shlbin dam, 278 Taberna, Vincenzo, 143 Shihab al-dln Ahmad see Ahmad al-Halabi tablkhdna (band) see amir tablkhdna Shinraqa (Gharbiyya province), 74, 95 Tabriz, 104 al-ShitwT see Zayn al-Faqar Bey tafsir, 172, 173, 199 Shubra, and Shubra church (Cairo), 264, 265, Tafur, Pero, traveller, 1430s, 174 266 al-Tahawi, Shaykh, d. in the ninth century, al-Shubrawi (Shaykh), d. 1758, 124 232 al-Shujaci, Shams al-dln, historian, d. after Tahir Pasha, Albanian leader, early 1355, 236, 239, 240, 241, 250, 253 ' nineteenth century, 148 Shunuda, merchant, d. c. 1761, 198 Taj al-dln (cAbd al-Wahhab) Ishaq b. al- Shuwaykh family, 287, 288 Qammat, d. 1330/1, 247, 252' Sibt al-Maridlnl, muwaqqit, fifteenth century, Taj al-dln Musa, son of Taj al-dln Ishaq, ndzir 158 khizdnat al-khdss, 1330s, 247 sidi, sayyidi (pi. asydd) (offspring and male Taj al-Riyasa b. Sacid al-Dawla, uncle of relatives of sultans), 62, 64, 67, 69, 73, 75 Karlm al-dln, 1330s, 243, 266 see also awldd al-muluk takhliq (camud al-miqyds), ritual of anointing sildhddr, sildhddriyya, 35 the Nilometer, 270 Sin£n, amir al-hdjj, 1526, 102 Takrur, 138, 145 Sipahis, 97, 100 Tanam min cAbd al-Raziq/Razzaq, amir sir a, biography, 8, 11, 13 majlis, d. 1463, 29 sirdar, 124 Tankiz al-Husami, viceroy of Syria, d. 1340, Siryaqus (north of Cairo), 227 248, 251 Sis (Little Armenia), 34 al-Tantawi, muwaqqit at the Umayyaqd Slavs, 9 Mosque, 1870s, 160 Suez, al-Suways, 129, 138 taqdima (military command), 41, 64, 78 Sufism, Sufis, 49, 51, 79, 89, 105, 164, 167, taqlid, 165 199, 232, 250, 274, 276 Taqtamur palace (Cairo), 213 Sulayman Agha al-Mustahfizan, 137 al-Tarabulusi, Ibrahim b. Musa, Hanfl jurist, Sulayman Bey al-Armanl Barim Dhaylah, d. d. 1516, author of al-Is cdffi ahkdm al- 1717/8,201,202 awqdf,202 Sulayman Pasha (r. 1525-35, 1537-8), 103, al-Tarabulusi see Lajin al-Husami 231, 232 tdrlkh, Him al-tdrikh, 190, 191 Sulayman Pasha al-cAzm, governor of Egypt Tartar(s), Tatar(s), 11, 12, 135 (r. 1739^0), 123 Tashtamur 'Hummus Akhdar', amir, d. 1342, Sulayman/Suleyman al-Qanuni ('the 22 Magnificent', Ottoman sultan, r. 1520-66), Tashtamur al-Laffaf, atdbak al-casdkir, d. 88, 89, 91, 94, 108, 189, 192, 194 " 1377, 24, 26, 27 Sultan Hasan mosque, 213, 229 Tatar al-Zahirl (al-Zahir Tatar, r. 1421), 8, 11, Suq al-Fahhamln (Cairo), 198 16 Suq al-Ghanam (Cairo), 248 tawqit (time-keeping) see muwaqqit Suq al-Kutubiyym (Cairo), 197 Taybugha a\-Bak\?Lmishi, furiisiyya author, Suq al-Silah (Cairo), 231 ' 1360s, 177, 182, 183 Susun/Sawsiin, elder brother of Qawsiin, Taz al-Nasin, amir, d. 1362, 37 amir, 20 faz palace, 213 al-SuyutT, Jalal al-dln, polymath, d. 1505, 172, f hevet, Andre, traveller in 1550, 57 180, 181, 183, 186, 187, 188, 199 Thompson, William, later cUthman Efendi, Syria (also al-Shdm), Syrian(s), 3, 6, 7, 11, 14, 146 16, 22, 24, 36, 37, 40, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, Thonus, Baron de, Russian consul, 139 66, 67, 68, 69, 77, 78, 83, 84, 85, 90, 96, 98, tibb, medicine, 200, 201 129, 138, 147, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, tibb al-ramy, 181 159, 164, 166, 167, 175, 178, 185, 188, 192, timer, 89, 100, 108 193, 227, 236, 241, 245, 249, 251, 280 Timraz al-Khassakl, al-SayfT, 1490s, 76 TTmur (Lenk; Tamerlane), d. 1405, 191 tabaqa, pi. tibdq see barracks, royal Timurbugha b. cAbdallah see Mintash al-Tabarl, Muhammad b. JarTr, religious Timurbugha b. Nikiitay, amir, 1320s, 36 scholar and historian, d. 923, 191, 200 Top Atan Mustafa Bey, d. c. 1646, 97 al-Tabarl (al-Tabaristanl), cAbd al-Rahman, Topkapi Sarayi, 103 military writer, d. c. 1295, 183 Toussoun see Tusun

Index 305

Tripoli, Tarabulus al-Sham, 10, 249 ustdddr (major domo), ustdddr saghir, ustdddr tiifenkjiydn, Ottoman regiment, 94 al-dhakhira wa-1-amldk, 29, 42, 43, 44, 46, Tughay al-Husami, Sayf al-dln, d. 1318, 244 47, 50, 52, 53, 243 tulba (levy), 95 ustddh (Mamluk patron and manumitter), al-TiilunT, cAbd al-Rahman, muwaqqit, 1650s, 183,284,286 160 usul al-fiqh seefiqh Tulunid(s), 225 usul al-ramy, fundamentals of archery, 182, Tumanbay (al-Ashraf Tiimanba y, r. 1516-7), " 183 14,87,193,216 'Uthman Bardlsl Bey, d. 1806/7, 146, 148 Tunis, Tunus, 193 'Uthman Bey al-JirjawI, d. 1767, 125, 137 Tuquzdamur al-Nasirl, vice-regent in Syria, cUthman Bey al-TamburjT, d. 1801/2, 145 ' d. 1345,23 cUthman Bey Zada, son of Yusuf Bey al- Tiiranshah, Turan Shah (al-Malik al- Jazzar, eighteenth century, 288 Mu'azzam, Ayyubid sultan, r. 1249), 4, 7 cUthman Efendi see Thompson, William Turc, Nicolas see Niqula al-Turk cUthman Katkhuda al-Qazdughll, d. c. 1739, Turkish bow, 184 198,220, 233 Turkish Mamluk ('Bahri') period, sultanate cUthman Khan (Osman), first Ottoman (dawla turkiyya), 3, 4, 5, 68, 81, 187, 235 sultan, d. 1324, 191, 192 Turkomans, 63, 94, 102, 108 Uveys Pasha, governor of Egypt, r. 1587-90, Turks, Turkish, Turkey, xi, 3, 8, 9, 11, 17, 33, 97 34, 58, 61, 62, 67, 69, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, Uzbak see Azbak 82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, Uzbak, land of, 36 102, 104, 105, 136, 140, 141, 143, 144, 147, Uzdamur Abu Daqn, amir, d. c. 1367, 26 163, 167, 178, 179, 184, 185, 186, 191, 199, 200,202,231,232,255 valide sultan (sultan's mother), 108 Turkish crossbow, 184 Venetians, 57, 129 al-Turkumanl see Ibn Baydakm vizierate (wizard), viziers (wazir, pi. wuzara), Turuntay, hdjib and nd 3ib in Damascus, d. 7, 43, 48, 77, 94, 108, 239, 240, 249 1389,37' Volney, French traveller, eighteenth century, Turuntay, Husam al-dln al-Mansurl, nd Hb al- 118,130,132 sultana,d. 1290, 18 voyvodas, 114 Tusun (Toussoun), Prince cUmar (Omar), 131 Tiisun, son of Muhammad CA1I, d. 1816, 146 wqfa'al-Nil, 259, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 279, 282 Uhud, 180 al-Wafa°I, cIzz al-dln, muwaqqit in Cairo, c. ukhuwwa 'Mamluk' brotherhood), 37 1450, 158, 160 ulamd'(sing. Wm), 49, 51, 78, 80, 82, 95, al-Wajh al-Bahrl (Lower Egypt), 40, 42, 52, 100, 105, 110, 126, 133, 136, 163, 166, 169, 54 171, 172, 176, 178, 179, 183, 187, 201, 203, al-Wajh al-Qibll (Upper Egypt), 40, 42, 44 220, 249, 252, 276, 277, 287, 288, 289 wakil bayt al-mdl see bayt al-mdl culufe, soldier's salary, 94 wakil al-khdss (al-sharif), 242 Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler and scholar, d. wall, pi. wuldt (provincial governor), wall 7- 1449, 158 wuldt, 40, 42, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 93, 248 cUmar b. al-Khattab, caliph 634^4, 15, 180, wall ?l-sindca, 53 181,256,257,266 Wallachia, 113, 116 'UmarBey, 1800s, 148 waqf, pi. awqdf (trust, pious endowment), cUmar Bey al-Qatamish, son of CA1T Bey al- waqfiyya, 34, 38, 39, 45, 46, 48, 49, 71, 72, Qatamish, d. 1747/8, 123 74, 75, 76, 102, 159, 160, 172, 199, 230, 231, cUmar b. cIsa, amir al-hdjj, d. 1591, 103 232, 248, 250, 267, 287, 288 cUmar Jawish al-Dawiidiyya, d. after 1764, Wasit(Iraq), 184 120 al-cUmarI see Ibn Fadl Allah al-cUman Yahya b. Tughan al-Hasanl, 1450s, 74 Umayyad mosque (Damascus), 14, 157, 158, Yalbay, Sayf al-dln (al-Zahir Yalbay, r. 159,160 1467-8), 30 umma (nation; Muslim community), 84, 186 Yalbugha al-Nasin, d. 1391, 27, 29, 267 Upper Egypt (Sacld), 79, 115, 124, 131, 132, Yalbugha al-Nizaml, muqaddam alf, 1370s, 27 139,145, 147, 244, 248,251,267 Yalbugha al-cUmarI, d. 1366, 25 cUqba b. cAmir shrine (Cairo), 232 Yalbugha al-Yahyawi, d. 1347, 36, 213

306 Index

Yalbugha al-YahyawT quarter (Cairo), 213 al-Yusufi", Musa b. Muhammad b. Yahya, Yalbugha wiyya (Yalbugha al-cUman) historian, d. 1358, 37, 236, 237, 238*, 239, household, 25, 26, 27 240,242,243,246,249,251 Yashbak al-ShacbanI, atdbak al- casdkir under Faraj, d. 1407-273 al-Zacfarani, 'AIT eighteenth century, 287 Yashbak al-Faqlh, d. 1473, 187 Zahiriyya household, ZahirTs, 5, 112 Yashbak min Mahdl (al-Dawadar), d. 1480, al-Zahir (sultan) see Barquq; Baybars (I); 15,228,229 Jaqmaq; Khushqadam; Tatar; Yalbay Yashbak quarter (Cairo), 231 al-Zahir, Fatimid caliph, r. 1021-36, 254, 261 Yemen, 88, 95, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, 143, 155, Zahir (Dahir) al-cUmar, d. 1775, 129 159 al-Zamakhshan, Abu 31-Qasim Mahmud, Yusuf b. Ayyub, Salah al-dln see Salah al-dln author, d. 1144, 173 Yusuf b. Barsbay, Jamal al-dln (al-c Aziz zdwiya, pi. zawdya, 231, 250 Yusuf, r. 1438), 28 al-Zawiya al-Hamra3 quarter (Cairo), 229 Yusuf Bey, contemporary of Muhammad Bey ZaydTs see also Shf a, 103 Abu Jl-Dhahab, eighteenth century, 284 Zayn al-Faqar Bey al-ShitwT, chief sarrdj, Yusuf Bey al-Jazzar, d. 1721/2, 121, 123, 288 eighteenth century, 141 Yu suf Bey al-Muslimanl al-Faqarl, Zayn al-dln Yahya, ustdddr, 1450s, 29 eighteenth century, 137 zi/(astronomical handbook), 155, 156, 157, Yusuf al-Jabl, eighteenth century, 283 158,161 Yusuf b. Janim al-Hamzawi, amir al-hdjj, zimdm al-ddur al-sharifa, office of chief 1530s, 102, 103 ' eunuch in the royal palace, 75 Yusuf al-Khashshab, aka Ramadan £elebi b. ziyy al-jund, garment of war, 81 Yusuf, eighteenth century, 287